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Wireless portable bioelectronic nose device for multiplex monitoring toward food freshness/spoilage. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 215:114551. [PMID: 35839622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring food freshness/spoilage is important to ensure food quality and safety. Current methods of food quality monitoring are mostly time-consuming and labor intensive processes that require massive analytical equipment. In this study, we developed a portable bioelectronic nose (BE-nose) integrated with trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) nanodiscs (NDs), allowing food quality monitoring via the detection of food spoilage indicators, including the biogenic amines cadaverine (CV) and putrescine (PT). The olfactory receptors TAAR13c and TAAR13d, which have specific affinities for CV and PT, were produced and successfully reconstituted in ND structures. TAAR13 NDs BE-nose-based side-gated field-effect transistor (SG-FET) system was constructed by utilizing a graphene micropattern (GM) into which two types of olfactory NDs (TAAR13c ND and TAAR13d ND) were introduced, and this system showed ultrahigh sensitivity for a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 fM for CV and PT. Moreover, the binding affinities between the TAAR13 NDs and the indicators were confirmed by a tryptophan fluorescence quenching assay and biosimulations, in which the specific binding site was confirmed. Gas-phase indicators were detected by the TAAR13 NDs BE-nose platform, and the LODs for CV and PT were confirmed to be 26.48 and 7.29 ppb, respectively. In addition, TAAR13 NDs BE-nose was fabricated with commercial gas sensors as a portable platform for the measurement of NH3 and H2S, multiplexed monitoring was achieved with similar performance, and the change ratio of the indicators was observed in a real sample. The integration of commercial gas sensors on a BE-nose enhanced the accuracy and reliability for the quality monitoring of real food samples. These results indicate that the portable TAAR13 NDs BE-nose can be used to monitor CV and PT over a wide range of concentrations, therefore, the electronic nose platform can be utilized for monitoring the freshness/spoilage step in various foods.
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Wang H, Wu Y, Zou Q, Yang W, Xu Z, Dong H, Zhu Z, Wang D, Wang T, Hu N, Zhang D. A biosensing system using a multiparameter nonlinear dynamic analysis of cardiomyocyte beating for drug-induced arrhythmia recognition. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:49. [PMID: 35547605 PMCID: PMC9081091 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in humans. Therefore, cardiotoxicity is one of the most important adverse effects assessed by arrhythmia recognition in drug development. Recently, cell-based techniques developed for arrhythmia recognition primarily employ linear methods such as time-domain analysis that detect and compare individual waveforms and thus fall short in some applications that require automated and efficient arrhythmia recognition from large datasets. We carried out the first report to develop a biosensing system that integrated impedance measurement and multiparameter nonlinear dynamic algorithm (MNDA) analysis for drug-induced arrhythmia recognition and classification. The biosensing system cultured cardiomyocytes as physiologically relevant models, used interdigitated electrodes to detect the mechanical beating of the cardiomyocytes, and employed MNDA analysis to recognize drug-induced arrhythmia from the cardiomyocyte beating recording. The best performing MNDA parameter, approximate entropy, enabled the system to recognize the appearance of sertindole- and norepinephrine-induced arrhythmia in the recording. The MNDA reconstruction in phase space enabled the system to classify the different arrhythmias and quantify the severity of arrhythmia. This new biosensing system utilizing MNDA provides a promising and alternative method for drug-induced arrhythmia recognition and classification in cardiological and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Yue Wu
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311121 China
| | - Quchao Zou
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Department of Chemistry, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Medical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Wenjian Yang
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311121 China
| | - Zhongyuan Xu
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311121 China
| | - Hao Dong
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311121 China
| | - Zhijing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Target and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, School of Computer & Computing Science, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015 China
- School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Depeng Wang
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016 China
| | - Tianxing Wang
- E-LinkCare Meditech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310011 China
| | - Ning Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Department of Chemistry, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Medical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050 China
| | - Diming Zhang
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311121 China
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Dou W, Malhi M, Zhao Q, Wang L, Huang Z, Law J, Liu N, Simmons CA, Maynes JT, Sun Y. Microengineered platforms for characterizing the contractile function of in vitro cardiac models. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:26. [PMID: 35299653 PMCID: PMC8882466 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging heart-on-a-chip platforms are promising approaches to establish cardiac cell/tissue models in vitro for research on cardiac physiology, disease modeling and drug cardiotoxicity as well as for therapeutic discovery. Challenges still exist in obtaining the complete capability of in situ sensing to fully evaluate the complex functional properties of cardiac cell/tissue models. Changes to contractile strength (contractility) and beating regularity (rhythm) are particularly important to generate accurate, predictive models. Developing new platforms and technologies to assess the contractile functions of in vitro cardiac models is essential to provide information on cell/tissue physiologies, drug-induced inotropic responses, and the mechanisms of cardiac diseases. In this review, we discuss recent advances in biosensing platforms for the measurement of contractile functions of in vitro cardiac models, including single cardiomyocytes, 2D monolayers of cardiomyocytes, and 3D cardiac tissues. The characteristics and performance of current platforms are reviewed in terms of sensing principles, measured parameters, performance, cell sources, cell/tissue model configurations, advantages, and limitations. In addition, we highlight applications of these platforms and relevant discoveries in fundamental investigations, drug testing, and disease modeling. Furthermore, challenges and future outlooks of heart-on-a-chip platforms for in vitro measurement of cardiac functional properties are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkun Dou
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Manpreet Malhi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Qili Zhao
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System and the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350 China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353 China
| | - Zongjie Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
| | - Junhui Law
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
| | - Na Liu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Craig A. Simmons
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1 Canada
| | - Jason T. Maynes
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4 Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A1 Canada
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