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Qin M, Hu J, Li X, Liu J, Jiang R, Shi Y, Wang Z, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Gao H, Zhang Q, Zhao H, Li M, Huang C. Exosomal membrane proteins analysis using a silicon nanowire field effect transistor biosensor. Talanta 2024; 278:126534. [PMID: 39002259 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are of great significance in clinical diagnosis, due to their high homology with parental generation, which can reflect the pathophysiological status. However, the quantitative and classification detection of exosomes is still faced with the challenges of low sensitivity and complex operation. In this study, we develop an electrical and label-free method to directly detect exosomes with high sensitivity based on a Silicon nanowire field effect transistor biosensor (Si-NW Bio-FET). First, the impact of Debye length on Si-NW Bio-FET detection was investigated through simulation. The simulation results demonstrated that as the Debye length increased, the electrical response to Si-NW produced by charged particle at a certain distance from the surface of Si-NW was greater. A Si-NW Bio-FET modified with specific antibody CD81 on the nanowire was fabricated then used for detection of cell line-derived exosomes, which achieved a low limit of detection (LOD) of 1078 particles/mL in 0.01 × PBS. Furthermore, the Si-NW Bio-FETs modified with specific antibody CD9, CD81 and CD63 respectively, were employed to distinguish exosomes derived from human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cell line in three different states (control group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammation group, and LPS + Romidepsin (FK228) drug treatment group), which was consistent with nano-flow cytometry. This study provides a highly sensitive method of directly quantifying exosomes without labeling, indicating its potential as a tool for disease surveillance and medication instruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Qin
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Xue Li
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yimin Shi
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Zizhen Wang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Lingqian Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hang Gao
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Chengjun Huang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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Zou J, Bai H, Zhang L, Shen Y, Yang C, Zhuang W, Hu J, Yao Y, Hu WW. Ion-sensitive field effect transistor biosensors for biomarker detection: current progress and challenges. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:8523-8542. [PMID: 39082127 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00719k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
The ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) has emerged as a crucial sensor device, owing to its numerous benefits such as label-free operation, miniaturization, high sensitivity, and rapid response time. Currently, ISFET technology excels in detecting ions, nucleic acids, proteins, and cellular components, with widespread applications in early disease screening, condition monitoring, and drug analysis. Recent advancements in sensing techniques, coupled with breakthroughs in nanomaterials and microelectronics, have significantly improved sensor performance. These developments are steering ISFETs toward a promising future characterized by enhanced sensitivity, seamless integration, and multifaceted detection capabilities. This review explores the structure and operational principles of ISFETs, highlighting recent research in ISFET biosensors for biomarker detection. It also examines the limitations of these sensors, proposes potential solutions, and anticipates their future trajectory. This review aims to provide a valuable reference for advancing ISFETs in the field of biomarker measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zou
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Center (PMTRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Center (PMTRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Center (PMTRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Center (PMTRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chengli Yang
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Center (PMTRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Weihua Zhuang
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Center (PMTRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jie Hu
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Center (PMTRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yongchao Yao
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Center (PMTRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wenchuang Walter Hu
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Center (PMTRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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Chen D, Xu T, Dou Y, Li T. A Calibration Strategy for Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors and Its Application in Ultra-Sensitive, Label-Free Biosensing. ACS NANO 2024; 18:21873-21885. [PMID: 39115266 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (SiNW FET) has been developed for over two decades as an ultrasensitive, label-free biosensor for biodetection. However, inconsistencies in manufacturing and surface functionalization at the nanoscale have led to poor sensor-to-sensor consistency in performance. Despite extensive efforts to address this issue through process improvements and calibration methods, the outcomes have not been satisfactory. Herein, based on the strong correlation between the saturation response of SiNW FET biosensors and both their feature size and surface functionalization, we propose a calibration strategy that combines the sensing principles of SiNW FET with the Langmuir-Freundlich model. By normalizing the response of the SiNW FET biosensors (ΔI/I0) with their saturation response (ΔI/I0)max, this strategy fundamentally overcomes the issues mentioned above. It has enabled label-free detection of nucleic acids, proteins, and exosomes within 5 min, achieving detection limits as low as attomoles and demonstrating a significant reduction in the coefficient of variation. Notably, the nucleic acid test results exhibit a strong correlation with the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer measurements, with a correlation coefficient reaching 0.933. The proposed saturation response calibration strategy exhibits good universality and practicability in biological detection applications, providing theoretical and experimental support for the transition of mass-manufactured nanosensors from theoretical research to practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanzhi Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Tie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
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Li Y, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Sun S, Zhang L, Li M, Gao H, Huang C. Acoustofluidics-enhanced biosensing with simultaneously high sensitivity and speed. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:92. [PMID: 38957168 PMCID: PMC11217392 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneously achieving high sensitivity and detection speed with traditional solid-state biosensors is usually limited since the target molecules must passively diffuse to the sensor surface before they can be detected. Microfluidic techniques have been applied to shorten the diffusion time by continuously moving molecules through the biosensing regions. However, the binding efficiencies of the biomolecules are still limited by the inherent laminar flow inside microscale channels. In this study, focused traveling surface acoustic waves were directed into an acoustic microfluidic chip, which could continuously enrich the target molecules into a constriction zone for immediate detection of the immune reactions, thus significantly improving the detection sensitivity and speed. To demonstrate the enhancement of biosensing, we first developed an acoustic microfluidic chip integrated with a focused interdigital transducer; this transducer had the ability to capture more than 91% of passed microbeads. Subsequently, polystyrene microbeads were pre-captured with human IgG molecules at different concentrations and loaded for detection on the chip. As representative results, ~0.63, 2.62, 11.78, and 19.75 seconds were needed to accumulate significant numbers of microbeads pre-captured with human IgG molecules at concentrations of 100, 10, 1, and 0.1 ng/mL (~0.7 pM), respectively; this process was faster than the other methods at the hour level and more sensitive than the other methods at the nanomolar level. Our results indicated that the proposed method could significantly improve both the sensitivity and speed, revealing the importance of selective enrichment strategies for rapid biosensing of rare molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuang Li
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408 P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Wenchang Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408 P. R. China
| | - Sheng Sun
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408 P. R. China
| | - Lingqian Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 P. R. China
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 P. R. China
| | - Hang Gao
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 P. R. China
| | - Chengjun Huang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408 P. R. China
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Yasamineh S, Nikben N, Hamed Ahmed M, Abdul Kareem R, Kadhim Al-Aridhy A, Hosseini Hooshiar M. Increasing the sensitivity and accuracy of detecting exosomes as biomarkers for cancer monitoring using optical nanobiosensors. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:189. [PMID: 38816782 PMCID: PMC11138050 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The advancement of nanoscience and material design in recent times has facilitated the creation of point-of-care devices for cancer diagnosis and biomolecule sensing. Exosomes (EXOs) facilitate the transfer of bioactive molecules between cancer cells and diverse cells in the local and distant microenvironments, thereby contributing to cancer progression and metastasis. Specifically, EXOs derived from cancer are likely to function as biomarkers for early cancer detection due to the genetic or signaling alterations they transport as payload within the cancer cells of origin. It has been verified that EXOs circulate steadily in bodily secretions and contain a variety of information that indicates the progression of the tumor. However, acquiring molecular information and interactions regarding EXOs has presented significant technical challenges due to their nanoscale nature and high heterogeneity. Colorimetry, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), fluorescence, and Raman scattering are examples of optical techniques utilized to quantify cancer exosomal biomarkers, including lipids, proteins, RNA, and DNA. Many optically active nanoparticles (NPs), predominantly carbon-based, inorganic, organic, and composite-based nanomaterials, have been employed in biosensing technology. The exceptional physical properties exhibited by nanomaterials, including carbon NPs, noble metal NPs, and magnetic NPs, have facilitated significant progress in the development of optical nanobiosensors intended for the detection of EXOs originating from tumors. Following a summary of the biogenesis, biological functions, and biomarker value of known EXOs, this article provides an update on the detection methodologies currently under investigation. In conclusion, we propose some potential enhancements to optical biosensors utilized in detecting EXO, utilizing various NP materials such as silicon NPs, graphene oxide (GO), metal NPs, and quantum dots (QDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | | | | | - Ameer Kadhim Al-Aridhy
- College of Health and Medical Technology, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, 64001, Iraq
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Liu Q, Zheng J, Xie A, Chen M, Gong RY, Sheng Y, Chen HL, Qi CB. Exosome, a Rising Biomarkers in Liquid Biopsy: Advances of Label-Free and Label Strategy for Diagnosis of Cancer. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38669199 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2339961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is commonly considered as one of the most severe diseases, posing a significant threat to human health and society due to various serious challenges. These challenges include difficulties in accurate diagnosis and a high propensity to form metastasis. Tissue biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing and subtyping cancer. However, concerns arise from its invasive nature and the potential risk of metastasis during these complex diagnostic procedures. Meanwhile, liquid biopsy has recently witnessed the rapid advancements with the emergence of three prominent detection biomarkers: circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and exosomes. Whereas, the very low abundance of CTCs combined with the instability of ctDNA intensify the challenges and decrease the accuracy of these two biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. While exosomes have gained widespread recognition as a promising biomarker in liquid biopsy due to their relatively low-invasive detection method, excellent biostability, rich resources, high abundance, and ability to provide valuable information about cancer. Therefore, it is crucial to systematically summarize recent advancements mainly in exosome-based detection methods for early cancer diagnosis. Specifically, this review will primarily focus on label-based and label-free strategies for detecting cancer using exosomes. We anticipate that this comprehensive analysis will enhance readers' understanding of the significance and value of exosomes in the fields of cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - An Xie
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Rui-Yue Gong
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuan Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong-Lei Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chu-Bo Qi
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
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Presnova GV, Presnov DE, Ulyashova MM, Tsiniaikin II, Trifonov AS, Skorb EV, Krupenin VA, Snigirev OV, Rubtsova MY. Ultrasensitive Detection of PSA Using Antibodies in Crowding Polyelectrolyte Multilayers on a Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:332. [PMID: 38337221 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunosensors based on field-effect transistors with nanowire channels (NWFETs) provide fast and real-time detection of a variety of biomarkers without the need for additional labels. The key feature of the developed immunosensor is the coating of silicon NWs with multilayers of polyelectrolytes (polyethylenimine (PEI) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS)). By causing a macromolecular crowding effect, it ensures the "soft fixation" of the antibodies into the 3-D matrix of the oppositely charged layers. We investigated the interaction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a biomarker of prostate cancer, and antibodies adsorbed in the PEI and PSS matrix. In order to visualize the formation of immune complexes between polyelectrolyte layers using SEM and AFM techniques, we employed a second clone of antibodies labeled with gold nanoparticles. PSA was able to penetrate the matrix and concentrate close to the surface layer, which is crucial for its detection on the nanowires. Additionally, this provides the optimal orientation of the antibodies' active centers for interacting with the antigen and improves their mobility. NWFETs were fabricated from SOI material using high-resolution e-beam lithography, thin film vacuum deposition, and reactive-ion etching processes. The immunosensor was characterized by a high sensitivity to pH (71 mV/pH) and an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.04 fg/mL for PSA. The response of the immunosensor takes less than a minute, and the measurement is carried out in real time. This approach seems promising for further investigation of its applicability for early screening of prostate cancer and POC systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V Presnova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis E Presnov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariya M Ulyashova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilia I Tsiniaikin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem S Trifonov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Skorb
- Infochemistry Scientific Center of ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Krupenin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V Snigirev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maya Yu Rubtsova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Nie C, Shaw I, Chen C. Application of microfluidic technology based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering in cancer biomarker detection: A review. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1429-1451. [PMID: 38223444 PMCID: PMC10785256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
With the continuous discovery and research of predictive cancer-related biomarkers, liquid biopsy shows great potential in cancer diagnosis. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and microfluidic technology have received much attention among the various cancer biomarker detection methods. The former has ultrahigh detection sensitivity and can provide a unique fingerprint. In contrast, the latter has the characteristics of miniaturization and integration, which can realize accurate control of the detection samples and high-throughput detection through design. Both have the potential for point-of-care testing (POCT), and their combination (lab-on-a-chip SERS (LoC-SERS)) shows good compatibility. In this paper, the basic situation of circulating proteins, circulating tumor cells, exosomes, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and microRNA (miRNA) in the diagnosis of various cancers is reviewed, and the detection research of these biomarkers by the LoC-SERS platform in recent years is described in detail. At the same time, the challenges and future development of the platform are discussed at the end of the review. Summarizing the current technology is expected to provide a reference for scholars engaged in related work and interested in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Nie
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ibrahim Shaw
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Chuanpin Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
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Wei S, Dou Y, Song S, Li T. Functionalized-Graphene Field Effect Transistor-Based Biosensor for Ultrasensitive and Label-Free Detection of β-Galactosidase Produced by Escherichia coli. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:925. [PMID: 37887118 PMCID: PMC10605438 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The detection of β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity produced by Escherichia coli (E. coli) can quickly analyze the pollution degree of seawater bodies in bathing and fishing grounds to avoid large-scale outbreaks of water pollution. Here, a functionalized biosensor based on graphene-based field effect transistor (GFET) modified with heat-denatured casein was developed for the ultrasensitive and label-free detection of the β-gal produced by E. coli in real water samples. The heat-denatured casein coated on the graphene surface, as a probe linker and blocker, plays an important role in fabricating GEFT biosensor. The GFET biosensor response to the β-gal produced by E. coli has a wide concentration dynamic range spanning nine orders of magnitude, in a concentration range of 1 fg·mL-1-100 ng·mL-1, with a limit of detection (LOD) 0.187 fg·mL-1 (1.61 aM). In addition to its attomole sensitivity, the GFET biosensor selectively recognized the β-gal in the water sample and showed good selectivity. Importantly, the detection process of the β-gal produced by E. coli can be completed by a straightforward one-step specific immune recognition reaction. These results demonstrated the usefulness of the approach, meeting environmental monitoring requirements for future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; (S.W.); (Y.D.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanzhi Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; (S.W.); (Y.D.)
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Shiping Song
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Institute of Materiobiology, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; (S.W.); (Y.D.)
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An J, Park H, Kim J, Park H, Kim TH, Park C, Kim J, Lee MH, Lee T. Extended-Gate Field-Effect Transistor Consisted of a CD9 Aptamer and MXene for Exosome Detection in Human Serum. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3174-3186. [PMID: 37585601 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progresses silently to the terminal stage of the impossible operable condition. There are many limitations in the treatment options of cancer, but diagnosis in an early stage can improve survival rates and low recurrence. Exosomes are the biomolecules released from cancer cells and are promising candidates for clinical diagnosis. Among them, the cluster of differentiation 9 (CD9) protein is an important exosomal biomarker that can be used for exosome determination. Therefore, here, a CD9 aptamer was first synthesized and applied to an extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET)-type biosensor containing a disposable sensing membrane to suggest the possibility of detecting exosomes in a clinical environment. Systematically evaluating ligands using the exponential enrichment (SELEX) technique was performed to select nucleic acid sequences that can specifically target the CD9 protein. Exosomes were detected according to the electrical signal changes on a membrane, which is an extended gate using an Au microelectrode. The fabricated biosensor showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 10.64 pM for CD9 proteins, and the detection range was determined from 10 pM to 1 μM in the buffer. In the case of the clinical test, the LOD and detection ranges of exosomes in human serum samples were 6.41 × 102 exosomes/mL and 1 × 103 to 1 × 107 exosomes/mL, respectively, showing highly reliable results with low error rates. These findings suggest that the proposed aptasensor can be a powerful tool for a simple and early diagnosis of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongyun An
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmyeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbin Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06910, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Electronics Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06910, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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Yin T, Xu L, Gil B, Merali N, Sokolikova MS, Gaboriau DCA, Liu DSK, Muhammad Mustafa AN, Alodan S, Chen M, Txoperena O, Arrastua M, Gomez JM, Ontoso N, Elicegui M, Torres E, Li D, Mattevi C, Frampton AE, Jiao LR, Ramadan S, Klein N. Graphene Sensor Arrays for Rapid and Accurate Detection of Pancreatic Cancer Exosomes in Patients' Blood Plasma Samples. ACS NANO 2023; 17:14619-14631. [PMID: 37470391 PMCID: PMC10416564 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors based on graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) have the potential to enable the development of point-of-care diagnostic tools for early stage disease detection. However, issues with reproducibility and manufacturing yields of graphene sensors, but also with Debye screening and unwanted detection of nonspecific species, have prevented the wider clinical use of graphene technology. Here, we demonstrate that our wafer-scalable GFETs array platform enables meaningful clinical results. As a case study of high clinical relevance, we demonstrate an accurate and robust portable GFET array biosensor platform for the detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in patients' plasma through specific exosomes (GPC-1 expression) within 45 min. In order to facilitate reproducible detection in blood plasma, we optimized the analytical performance of GFET biosensors via the application of an internal control channel and the development of an optimized test protocol. Based on samples from 18 PDAC patients and 8 healthy controls, the GFET biosensor arrays could accurately discriminate between the two groups while being able to detect early cancer stages including stages 1 and 2. Furthermore, we confirmed the higher expression of GPC-1 and found that the concentration in PDAC plasma was on average more than 1 order of magnitude higher than in healthy samples. We found that these characteristics of GPC-1 cancerous exosomes are responsible for an increase in the number of target exosomes on the surface of graphene, leading to an improved signal response of the GFET biosensors. This GFET biosensor platform holds great promise for the development of an accurate tool for the rapid diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Yin
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Lizhou Xu
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- ZJU-Hangzhou
Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Bruno Gil
- Hamlyn
Centre, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Nabeel Merali
- Oncology
Section, Surrey Cancer Research Institute, Department of Clinical
and Experimental Medicine, FHMS, University
of Surrey, The Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, U.K.
- HPB
Surgical Unit, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XX, U.K.
- Minimal Access
Therapy Training Unit (MATTU), University
of Surrey, The Leggett
Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, U.K.
| | | | - David C. A. Gaboriau
- Facility
for Imaging By Light Microscopy, Imperial
College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Daniel S. K. Liu
- Department
of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College
London, Hammersmith Hospital
Campus, London W12 0NN, U.K.
- HPB
Surgical Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith
Hospital, London W12 0HS, U.K.
| | - Ahmad Nizamuddin Muhammad Mustafa
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- FTKEE,
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Sarah Alodan
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Michael Chen
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Oihana Txoperena
- Graphenea Semiconductor, Paseo Mikeletegi 83, San Sebastián ES 20009, Spain
| | - María Arrastua
- Graphenea Semiconductor, Paseo Mikeletegi 83, San Sebastián ES 20009, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Gomez
- Graphenea Semiconductor, Paseo Mikeletegi 83, San Sebastián ES 20009, Spain
| | - Nerea Ontoso
- Graphenea Semiconductor, Paseo Mikeletegi 83, San Sebastián ES 20009, Spain
| | - Marta Elicegui
- Graphenea Semiconductor, Paseo Mikeletegi 83, San Sebastián ES 20009, Spain
| | - Elias Torres
- Graphenea Semiconductor, Paseo Mikeletegi 83, San Sebastián ES 20009, Spain
| | - Danyang Li
- Research
Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Cecilia Mattevi
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Adam E. Frampton
- Oncology
Section, Surrey Cancer Research Institute, Department of Clinical
and Experimental Medicine, FHMS, University
of Surrey, The Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, U.K.
- HPB
Surgical Unit, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XX, U.K.
- Minimal Access
Therapy Training Unit (MATTU), University
of Surrey, The Leggett
Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, U.K.
- Department
of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College
London, Hammersmith Hospital
Campus, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | - Long R. Jiao
- Department
of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College
London, Hammersmith Hospital
Campus, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | - Sami Ramadan
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Norbert Klein
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
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12
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Rahn KL, Peramune U, Zhang T, Anand RK. Label-Free Electrochemical Methods for Disease Detection. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:49-69. [PMID: 36854209 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091622-085754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Label-free electrochemical biosensing leverages the advantages of label-free techniques, low cost, and fewer user steps, with the sensitivity and portability of electrochemical analysis. In this review, we identify four label-free electrochemical biosensing mechanisms: (a) blocking the electrode surface, (b) allowing greater access to the electrode surface, (c) changing the intercalation or electrostatic affinity of a redox probe to a biorecognition unit, and (d) modulating ion or electron transport properties due to conformational and surface charge changes. Each mechanism is described, recent advancements are summarized, and relative advantages and disadvantages of the techniques are discussed. Furthermore, two avenues for gaining further diagnostic information from label-free electrochemical biosensors, through multiplex analysis and incorporating machine learning, are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira L Rahn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA;
| | - Umesha Peramune
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA;
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA;
| | - Robbyn K Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA;
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13
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Meng F, Yu W, Niu M, Tian X, Miao Y, Li X, Zhou Y, Ma L, Zhang X, Qian K, Yu Y, Wang J, Huang L. Ratiometric electrochemical OR gate assay for NSCLC-derived exosomes. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:104. [PMID: 36964516 PMCID: PMC10037838 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological type of LC and ranks as the leading cause of cancer deaths. Circulating exosomes have emerged as a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of NSCLC, while the performance of current electrochemical assays for exosome detection is constrained by unsatisfactory sensitivity and specificity. Here we integrated a ratiometric biosensor with an OR logic gate to form an assay for surface protein profiling of exosomes from clinical serum samples. By using the specific aptamers for recognition of clinically validated biomarkers (EpCAM and CEA), the assay enabled ultrasensitive detection of trace levels of NSCLC-derived exosomes in complex serum samples (15.1 particles μL-1 within a linear range of 102-108 particles μL-1). The assay outperformed the analysis of six serum biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis, staging, and prognosis of NSCLC, displaying a diagnostic sensitivity of 93.3% even at an early stage (Stage I). The assay provides an advanced tool for exosome quantification and facilitates exosome-based liquid biopsies for cancer management in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyu Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Minjia Niu
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiaoting Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yayou Miao
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xvelian Li
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yongchun Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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14
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Ghorbanizamani F, Moulahoum H, Guler Celik E, Zihnioglu F, Beduk T, Goksel T, Turhan K, Timur S. Design of Polymeric Surfaces as Platforms for Streamlined Cancer Diagnostics in Liquid Biopsies. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:400. [PMID: 36979612 PMCID: PMC10046689 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Minimally invasive approaches for cancer diagnosis are an integral step in the quest to improve cancer survival. Liquid biopsies such as blood samples are matrices explored to extract valuable information about the tumor and its state through various indicators, such as proteins, peptides, tumor DNA, or circulating tumor cells. Although these markers are scarce, making their isolation and detection in complex matrices challenging, the development in polymer chemistry producing interesting structures, including molecularly imprinted polymers, branched polymers, nanopolymer composites, and hybrids, allowed the development of enhanced platforms with impressive performance for liquid biopsies analysis. This review describes the latest advances and developments in polymer synthesis and their application for minimally invasive cancer diagnosis. The polymer structures improve the operational performances of biosensors through various processes, such as increased affinity for enhanced sensitivity, improved binding, and avoidance of non-specific interactions for enhanced specificity. Furthermore, polymer-based materials can be a tremendous help in signal amplification of usually low-concentrated targets in the sample. The pros and cons of these materials, how the synthesis process affects their performance, and the device applications for liquid biopsies diagnosis will be critically reviewed to show the essentiality of this technology in oncology and clinical biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Ghorbanizamani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Hichem Moulahoum
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Emine Guler Celik
- Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
- EGE SCIENCE PRO Scientific Research Inc., Ege University, IdeEGE Technology Development Zone, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Figen Zihnioglu
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Tutku Beduk
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH: Sensor Systems, Europastrasse 12, 9524 Villach, Austria
| | - Tuncay Goksel
- EGE SCIENCE PRO Scientific Research Inc., Ege University, IdeEGE Technology Development Zone, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
- EGESAM-Ege University Translational Pulmonary Research Center, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Kutsal Turhan
- EGE SCIENCE PRO Scientific Research Inc., Ege University, IdeEGE Technology Development Zone, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Suna Timur
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
- EGE SCIENCE PRO Scientific Research Inc., Ege University, IdeEGE Technology Development Zone, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
- Central Research Testing and Analysis Laboratory Research and Application Center, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
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15
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Krishnan SK, Nataraj N, Meyyappan M, Pal U. Graphene-Based Field-Effect Transistors in Biosensing and Neural Interfacing Applications: Recent Advances and Prospects. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2590-2622. [PMID: 36693046 PMCID: PMC11386440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siva Kumar Krishnan
- CONACYT-Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apdo. Postal J-48, Puebla72570, Mexico
| | - Nandini Nataraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei106, Taiwan
| | - M Meyyappan
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati781039, Assam, India
| | - Umapada Pal
- Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apdo. Postal J-48, Puebla72570, Mexico
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16
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Xiang Y, Hu C, Wu G, Xu S, Li Y. Nanomaterial-based microfluidic systems for cancer biomarker detection: Recent applications and future perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Fan C, Jiang B, Shi W, Chen D, Zhou M. Tri-Channel Electrochemical Immunobiosensor for Combined Detections of Multiple Exosome Biomarkers of Lung Cancer. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:435. [PMID: 35884238 PMCID: PMC9313016 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Current methods for the early diagnosis of cancer can be invasive and costly. In recent years, exosomes have been recognized as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnostics. The common methods for quantitative detection of exosomes, such as nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and flow cytometry, rely on large-scale instruments and complex operation, with results not specific for cancer. Herein, we present a tri-channel electrochemical immunobiosensor for enzyme-free and label-free detecting carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and cytokeratin 19 fragments (Cyfra21-1) from exosomes for specific early diagnosis of lung cancer. The electrochemical immunobiosensor showed good selectivity and stability. Under optimum experimental conditions, the linear ranges were from 10-3 to 10 ng/mL for CEA, 10-4 to 102 ng/mL for NSE, and 10-3 to 102 ng/mL for Cyfra21-1, and a detection limit down to 10-4 ng/mL was achieved. Furthermore, we performed exosome analysis in three kinds of lung cancer. The results showed a distinct expression level of exosomal markers in different types. These works provide insight into a promising alternative for the quantification of exosomal markers in specific diseases in the following clinical bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (C.F.); (B.J.)
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bingyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (C.F.); (B.J.)
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wenjia Shi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (W.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (W.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Mingyong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (C.F.); (B.J.)
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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