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Lee HK, Yang YJ, Koirala GR, Oh S, Kim TI. From lab to wearables: Innovations in multifunctional hydrogel chemistry for next-generation bioelectronic devices. Biomaterials 2024; 310:122632. [PMID: 38824848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Functional hydrogels have emerged as foundational materials in diagnostics, therapy, and wearable devices, owing to their high stretchability, flexibility, sensing, and outstanding biocompatibility. Their significance stems from their resemblance to biological tissue and their exceptional versatility in electrical, mechanical, and biofunctional engineering, positioning themselves as a bridge between living organisms and electronic systems, paving the way for the development of highly compatible, efficient, and stable interfaces. These multifaceted capability revolutionizes the essence of hydrogel-based wearable devices, distinguishing them from conventional biomedical devices in real-world practical applications. In this comprehensive review, we first discuss the fundamental chemistry of hydrogels, elucidating their distinct properties and functionalities. Subsequently, we examine the applications of these bioelectronics within the human body, unveiling their transformative potential in diagnostics, therapy, and human-machine interfaces (HMI) in real wearable bioelectronics. This exploration serves as a scientific compass for researchers navigating the interdisciplinary landscape of chemistry, materials science, and bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hin Kiu Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyan Raj Koirala
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyoun Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Zhang Y, Hu Y, Xie B, Yang G, Yin Z, Wu H. Hoffmeister Effect Optimized Hydrogel Electrodes with Enhanced Electrical and Mechanical Properties for Nerve Conduction Studies. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0453. [PMID: 39145116 PMCID: PMC11322598 DOI: 10.34133/research.0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Flexible epidermal electrodes hold substantial promise in realizing human electrophysiological information collections. Conventional electrodes exhibit certain limitations, including the requirement of skin pretreatment, reliance on external object-assisted fixation, and a propensity of dehydration, which severely hinder their applications in medical diagnosis. To tackle those issues, we developed a hydrogel electrode with both transcutaneous stimulation and neural signal acquisition functions. The electrode consists of a composite conductive layer (CCL) and adhesive conductive hydrogel (ACH). The CCL is designed as a laminated structure with high conductivity and charge storage capacity (CSC). Based on the optimization of Hoffmeister effect, the ACH demonstrates excellent electrical (resistivity of 3.56 Ω·m), mechanical (tensile limit of 1,650%), and adhesion properties (peeling energy of 0.28 J). The utilization of ACH as electrode/skin interface can reduce skin contact impedance and noise interference and enhance the CSC and charge injection capacity of electrodes. As a proof of concept, peripheral nerve conduction studies were performed on human volunteers to evaluate the as-fabricated hydrogel electrodes. Compared with the commercial electrodes, our hydrogel electrodes achieved better signal continuity and lower distortion, higher signal-to-noise ratio (~35 dB), and lower stimulation voltages (up to 27% lower), which can improve the safety and comfort of nerve conduction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhouping Yin
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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3
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Su H, Mao L, Chen X, Liu P, Pu J, Mao Z, Fujiwara T, Ma Y, Mao X, Li T. A Complementary Dual-Mode Ion-Electron Conductive Hydrogel Enables Sustained Conductivity for Prolonged Electroencephalogram Recording. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405273. [PMID: 39116352 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Conductive gel interface materials are widely employed as reliable agents for electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. However, prolonged EEG recording poses challenges in maintaining stable and efficient capture due to inevitable evaporation in hydrogels, which restricts sustained high conductivity. This study introduces a novel ion-electron dual-mode conductive hydrogel synthesized through a cost-effective and streamlined process. By embedding graphite nanoparticles into ionic hyaluronic acid (HAGN), the hydrogel maintains higher conductivity for over 72 h, outperforming commercial gels. Additionally, it exhibits superior low skin contact impedance, considerable electrochemical capability, and excellent tensile and adhesion performance in both dry and wet conditions. The biocompatibility of the HAGN hydrogel, verified through in vitro cell viability assays and in vivo skin irritation tests, underscores its suitability for prolonged skin contact without eliciting adverse reactions. Furthermore, in vivo EEG tests confirm the HAGN hydrogel's capability to provide high-fidelity signal acquisition across multiple EEG protocols. The HAGN hydrogel proves to be an effective interface for prolonged high-quality EEG recording, facilitating high-performance capture and classification of evoked potentials, thereby providing a reliable conductive medium for EEG-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjie Su
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Linna Mao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300187, China
| | - Peishuai Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jiangbo Pu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Zhuo Mao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Tomoko Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xinyang Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 301700, China
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
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4
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Zhang H, Xu D, Zhang B, Li X, Li M, Zhang C, Wang H, Zhao Y, Chai R. PEDOT-Integrated Fish Swim Bladders as Conductive Nerve Conduits. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400827. [PMID: 38881504 PMCID: PMC11336940 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Advanced artificial nerve conduits offer a promising alternative for nerve injury repair. Current research focuses on improving the therapeutic effectiveness of nerve conduits by optimizing scaffold materials and functional components. In this study, a novel poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-integrated fish swim bladder (FSB) is presented as a conductive nerve conduit with ordered topology and electrical stimulation to promote nerve regeneration. PEDOT nanomaterials and adhesive peptides (IKVAV) are successfully incorporated onto the decellularized FSB substrate through pre-coating with polydopamine. The obtained PEDOT/IKVAV-integrated FSB substrate exhibits outstanding mechanical properties, high electrical conductivity, stability, as well as excellent biocompatibility and bioadhesive properties. In vitro studies confirm that the PEDOT/IKVAV-integrated FSB can effectively facilitate the growth and directional extension of pheochromocytoma 12 cells and dorsal root ganglion neurites. In addition, in vivo experiments demonstrate that the proposed PEDOT/IKVAV-integrated FSB conduit can accelerate defective nerve repair and functional restoration. The findings indicate that the FSB-derived conductive nerve conduits with multiple regenerative inducing signals integration provide a conducive milieu for nerve regeneration, exhibiting great potential for repairing long-segment neural defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantong226001China
| | - Dongyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Xiaofan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Minli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and RepairCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
| | - Huan Wang
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantong226001China
- Department of NeurologyAerospace Center HospitalSchool of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgerySichuan Provincial People's Hospital University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610072China
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing100101China
- Southeast University Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen518063China
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5
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Considine C, Besio W. Conductive Hydrogel Tapes for Tripolar EEG: A Promising Solution to Paste-Related Challenges. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4222. [PMID: 39001001 PMCID: PMC11244131 DOI: 10.3390/s24134222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) remains pivotal in neuroscience for its non-invasive exploration of brain activity, yet traditional electrodes are plagued with artifacts and the application of conductive paste poses practical challenges. Tripolar concentric ring electrode (TCRE) sensors used for EEG (tEEG) attenuate artifacts automatically, improving the signal quality. Hydrogel tapes offer a promising alternative to conductive paste, providing mess-free application and reliable electrode-skin contact in locations without hair. Since the electrodes of the TCRE sensors are only 1.0 mm apart, the impedance of the skin-to-electrode impedance-matching medium is critical. This study evaluates four hydrogel tapes' efficacies in EEG electrode application, comparing impedance and alpha wave characteristics. Healthy adult participants underwent tEEG recordings using different tapes. The results highlight varying impedances and successful alpha wave detection despite increased tape-induced impedance. MATLAB's EEGLab facilitated signal processing. This study underscores hydrogel tapes' potential as a convenient and effective alternative to traditional paste, enriching tEEG research methodologies. Two of the conductive hydrogel tapes had significantly higher alpha wave power than the other tapes, but were never significantly lower.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter Besio
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA;
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6
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Nascimento ATD, Mendes AX, Duchi S, Duc D, Aguilar LC, Quigley AF, Kapsa RMI, Nisbet DR, Stoddart PR, Silva SM, Moulton SE. Wired for Success: Probing the Effect of Tissue-Engineered Neural Interface Substrates on Cell Viability. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3775-3791. [PMID: 38722625 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the electrochemical behavior of GelMA-based hydrogels and their interactions with PC12 neural cells under electrical stimulation in the presence of conducting substrates. Focusing on indium tin oxide (ITO), platinum, and gold mylar substrates supporting conductive scaffolds composed of hydrogel, graphene oxide, and gold nanorods, we explored how the substrate materials affect scaffold conductivity and cell viability. We examined the impact of an optimized electrical stimulation protocol on the PC12 cell viability. According to our findings, substrate selection significantly influences conductive hydrogel behavior, affecting cell viability and proliferation as a result. In particular, the ITO substrates were found to provide the best support for cell viability with an average of at least three times higher metabolic activity compared to platinum and gold mylar substrates over a 7 day stimulation period. The study offers new insights into substrate selection as a platform for neural cell stimulation and underscores the critical role of substrate materials in optimizing the efficacy of neural interfaces for biomedical applications. In addition to extending existing work, this study provides a robust platform for future explorations aimed at tailoring the full potential of tissue-engineered neural interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Teixeira do Nascimento
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Alexandre X Mendes
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Serena Duchi
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Daniela Duc
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Lilith C Aguilar
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anita F Quigley
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - David R Nisbet
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul R Stoddart
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Saimon M Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, The Biomedical and Environmental Sensor Technology Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Simon E Moulton
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
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7
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Wan R, Liu S, Li Z, Li G, Li H, Li J, Xu J, Liu X. 3D printing of highly conductive and strongly adhesive PEDOT:PSS hydrogel-based bioelectronic interface for accurate electromyography monitoring. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 677:198-207. [PMID: 38816323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
PEDOT PSS hydrogel-based bioelectronic interfaces have gained significant attention in various fields including biomedical devices, wearable devices, and epidermal electronics. However, the development of high-performance bioelectronic interfaces that integrate excellent conductivity, strong adhesion, and advanced processing compatibility remains a challenge. Herein, we develop a high-performance bioelectronic interface by 3D printing of a novel poly(vinyl alcohol-formaldehyde) (PVAF)-PEDOT:PSS composite ink. Such a PEDOT:PSS-PVAF ink exhibits favorable rheological properties for direct-ink-writing 3D printing, enabling the fabrication of high-resolution patterns and three-dimensional structures with high aspect ratios. Hydrogel bioelectronic interface printed by such PEDOT:PSS-PVAF ink simultaneously achieves high conductivity (over 100 S m-1), strong adhesion (31.44 ± 7.07 kPa), as well as stable electrochemical performance (charge injection capacity of 13.72 mC cm-2 and charge storage capacity of 18.80 mC cm-2). We further integrate PEDOT:PSS-PVAF hydrogel bioelectronic interface to fabricate adhesive skin electrodes for electromyography (EMG) signal recording. The resultant EMG skin electrodes demonstrate superior performance and stability compared to commercial products, maintaining high signal-to-noise ratio of > 10 dB under varying weights and repetitive motions. These advantageous performance of PEDOT:PSS-PVAF based hydrogel bioelectronic interfaces may be helpful for diverse bioelectronic applications like healthcare monitoring and epidermal bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtai Wan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Shuhan Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Gen Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Hai Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jianhong Li
- The Institute of Metaverse, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330038, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Jingkun Xu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, PR China; School of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Ximei Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, PR China.
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8
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Zhang J, Wang M, Alam M, Zheng YP, Ye F, Hu X. Effects of non-invasive cervical spinal cord neuromodulation by trans-spinal electrical stimulation on cortico-muscular descending patterns in upper extremity of chronic stroke. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1372158. [PMID: 38576448 PMCID: PMC10991759 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1372158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Trans-spinal electrical stimulation (tsES) to the intact spinal cord poststroke may modulate the cortico-muscular control in stroke survivors with diverse lesions in the brain. This work aimed to investigate the immediate effects of tsES on the cortico-muscular descending patterns during voluntary upper extremity (UE) muscle contractions by analyzing cortico-muscular coherence (CMCoh) and electromyography (EMG) in people with chronic stroke. Methods: Twelve chronic stroke participants were recruited to perform wrist-hand extension and flexion tasks at submaximal levels of voluntary contraction for the corresponding agonist flexors and extensors. During the tasks, the tsES was delivered to the cervical spinal cord with rectangular biphasic pulses. Electroencephalography (EEG) data were collected from the sensorimotor cortex, and the EMG data were recorded from both distal and proximal UE muscles. The CMCoh, laterality index (LI) of the peak CMCoh, and EMG activation level parameters under both non-tsES and tsES conditions were compared to evaluate the immediate effects of tsES on the cortico-muscular descending pathway. Results: The CMCoh and LI of peak CMCoh in the agonist distal muscles showed significant increases (p < 0.05) during the wrist-hand extension and flexion tasks with the application of tsES. The EMG activation levels of the antagonist distal muscle during wrist-hand extension were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) with tsES. Additionally, the proximal UE muscles exhibited significant decreases (p < 0.05) in peak CMCoh and EMG activation levels by applying tsES. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in LI of peak CMCoh of proximal UE muscles during tsES. Conclusion: The cervical spinal cord neuromodulation via tsES enhanced the residual descending excitatory control, activated the local inhibitory circuits within the spinal cord, and reduced the cortical and proximal muscular compensatory effects. These results suggested the potential of tsES as a supplementary input for improving UE motor functions in stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China
| | - Maner Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China
| | - Monzurul Alam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China
| | - Yong-Ping Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China
| | - Fuqiang Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing (RISA), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (RC-DSAI), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Joint Research Centre for Biosensing and Precision Theranostics, Hong Kong SAR, China
- University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience (UBSN), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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9
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Tai P, Ding P, Wang F, Gong A, Li T, Zhao L, Su L, Fu Y. Brain-computer interface paradigms and neural coding. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1345961. [PMID: 38287988 PMCID: PMC10822902 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1345961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain signal patterns generated in the central nervous system of brain-computer interface (BCI) users are closely related to BCI paradigms and neural coding. In BCI systems, BCI paradigms and neural coding are critical elements for BCI research. However, so far there have been few references that clearly and systematically elaborated on the definition and design principles of the BCI paradigm as well as the definition and modeling principles of BCI neural coding. Therefore, these contents are expounded and the existing main BCI paradigms and neural coding are introduced in the review. Finally, the challenges and future research directions of BCI paradigm and neural coding were discussed, including user-centered design and evaluation for BCI paradigms and neural coding, revolutionizing the traditional BCI paradigms, breaking through the existing techniques for collecting brain signals and combining BCI technology with advanced AI technology to improve brain signal decoding performance. It is expected that the review will inspire innovative research and development of the BCI paradigm and neural coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengrui Tai
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Anmin Gong
- School of Information Engineering, Chinese People’s Armed Police Force Engineering University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tianwen Li
- Brain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Brain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Su
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yunfa Fu
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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10
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Zhang Z, Yang J, Wang H, Wang C, Gu Y, Xu Y, Lee S, Yokota T, Haick H, Someya T, Wang Y. A 10-micrometer-thick nanomesh-reinforced gas-permeable hydrogel skin sensor for long-term electrophysiological monitoring. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj5389. [PMID: 38198560 PMCID: PMC10781413 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj5389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-enabled skin bioelectronics that can continuously monitor health for extended periods is crucial for early disease detection and treatment. However, it is challenging to engineer ultrathin gas-permeable hydrogel sensors that can self-adhere to the human skin for long-term daily use (>1 week). Here, we present a ~10-micrometer-thick polyurethane nanomesh-reinforced gas-permeable hydrogel sensor that can self-adhere to the human skin for continuous and high-quality electrophysiological monitoring for 8 days under daily life conditions. This research involves two key steps: (i) material design by gelatin-based thermal-dependent phase change hydrogels and (ii) robust thinness geometry achieved through nanomesh reinforcement. The resulting ultrathin hydrogels exhibit a thickness of ~10 micrometers with superior mechanical robustness, high skin adhesion, gas permeability, and anti-drying performance. To highlight the potential applications in early disease detection and treatment that leverage the collective features, we demonstrate the use of ultrathin gas-permeable hydrogels for long-term, continuous high-precision electrophysiological monitoring under daily life conditions up to 8 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongman Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Haoyang Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8656, Japan
| | - Chunya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yuheng Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yumiao Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Sunghoon Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8656, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8656, Japan
| | - Hossam Haick
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8656, Japan
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Health and Medicine, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
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Qin Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu S, Guo X. Application and Development of EEG Acquisition and Feedback Technology: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:930. [PMID: 37887123 PMCID: PMC10605290 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on electroencephalogram (EEG) acquisition and feedback technology and its core elements, including the composition and principles of the acquisition devices, a wide range of applications, and commonly used EEG signal classification algorithms. First, we describe the construction of EEG acquisition and feedback devices encompassing EEG electrodes, signal processing, and control and feedback systems, which collaborate to measure faint EEG signals from the scalp, convert them into interpretable data, and accomplish practical applications using control feedback systems. Subsequently, we examine the diverse applications of EEG acquisition and feedback across various domains. In the medical field, EEG signals are employed for epilepsy diagnosis, brain injury monitoring, and sleep disorder research. EEG acquisition has revealed associations between brain functionality, cognition, and emotions, providing essential insights for psychologists and neuroscientists. Brain-computer interface technology utilizes EEG signals for human-computer interaction, driving innovation in the medical, engineering, and rehabilitation domains. Finally, we introduce commonly used EEG signal classification algorithms. These classification tasks can identify different cognitive states, emotional states, brain disorders, and brain-computer interface control and promote further development and application of EEG technology. In conclusion, EEG acquisition technology can deepen the understanding of EEG signals while simultaneously promoting developments across multiple domains, such as medicine, science, and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- Beijing Perfect-Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101601, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing Perfect-Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101601, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Sheng Liu
- Beijing Perfect-Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101601, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
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