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Zhang MG, Gallo RA, Tan CH, Camacho M, Fasih-Ahmad S, Moeyersoms AH, Sayegh Y, Dubovy SR, Pelaez D, Rong AJ. Single-cell RNA profiling of ocular adnexal sebaceous carcinoma reveals a complex tumor microenvironment and identifies new biomarkers. Am J Ophthalmol 2024:S0002-9394(24)00471-9. [PMID: 39393421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ocular adnexal sebaceous carcinoma (OaSC) is an aggressive malignancy that often necessitates orbital exenteration. Its tumor composition and transcriptional profile remain largely unknown, which poses a significant barrier to medical advances. Here, we report the first in-depth transcriptomic analysis of OaSC at the single-cell resolution and discern mechanisms underlying cancer progression for the discovery of potential globe-sparing immunotherapies, targeted therapies, and biomarkers to guide clinical management. DESIGN Laboratory investigation with a retrospective observational case series. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on six patient specimens: three primary tumors, two tumors with pagetoid spread, and a normal tarsus sample. Cellular components were identified via gene signatures. Molecular pathways underlying tumorigenesis and pagetoid spread were discerned via gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes between specimens. CALML5 immunohistochemistry was performed on an archival cohort of OaSC, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cases. RESULTS Analysis of 29,219 cells from OaSC specimens revealed tumor, immune, and stromal cells. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells include a diversity of cell types, including exhausted T-cell populations. In primary OaSC tumors, mitotic nuclear division and oxidative phosphorylation pathways are upregulated, while lipid biosynthesis and metabolism pathways are downregulated. Epithelial tissue migration pathways are upregulated in tumor cells undergoing pagetoid spread. scRNA-seq analyses also revealed that CALML5 is upregulated in OaSC tumor cells. Diffuse nuclear and cytoplasmic CALML5 staining was present in 28 of 28 (100%) OaSC cases. Diffuse nuclear and membranous CALML5 staining was present in 5 of 25 (20%) SCC and OSSN cases, while diffuse nuclear staining was present in 1 of 12 (8%) BCC cases. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a complex OaSC tumor microenvironment and confirms that the CALML5 immunohistochemical stain is a sensitive diagnostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle G Zhang
- Dr. Nasser Ibrahim Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ryan A Gallo
- Dr. Nasser Ibrahim Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Charissa H Tan
- Florida Lions Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matthew Camacho
- Florida Lions Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sohaib Fasih-Ahmad
- Florida Lions Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Acadia H Moeyersoms
- Dr. Nasser Ibrahim Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yoseph Sayegh
- Florida Lions Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sander R Dubovy
- Florida Lions Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Pelaez
- Dr. Nasser Ibrahim Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrew J Rong
- Dr. Nasser Ibrahim Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Division of Oculofacial Plastic, Reconstructive, and Orbital Surgery, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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2
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Jayaraj P, Ray D, Goel K, Singh A, Kant N, Sen S. Molecular landscape of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma: A comprehensive review. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:1393-1403. [PMID: 39331429 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_167_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) is an aggressive skin cancer characterized by a heightened risk of recurrence and metastasis. While surgical excision is the primary treatment, unraveling the molecular intricacies of SGC is imperative for advancing targeted therapeutic interventions and enhancing patient outcomes. This comprehensive review delves into the molecular landscape of eyelid SGC, emphasizing key genetic alterations, signaling pathways, epigenetic modifications, and potential therapeutic targets. Significant findings include aberrations in critical signaling pathways (β-catenin, lymphoid enhancer binding factor, hedgehog, epidermal growth factor receptor, P53, and P21WAF1) associated with SGC progression and poor prognosis. Notably, eyelid SGC manifests a distinctive mutational profile, lacking ultraviolet signature mutations in tumor protein 53 (TP53), indicating alternative mutagenic mechanisms. Next-generation sequencing identifies actionable mutations in genes such as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2), facilitating the emergence of personalized medicine approaches. Molecular chaperones, specifically X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and BAG3, emerge as pivotal players in promoting tumor survival and proliferation. The review underscores the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, where regulators like E-cadherin, vimentin, and ZEB2 contribute to SGC aggressiveness. Epigenetic modifications, encompassing DNA methylation and microRNA dysregulation, further elucidate the molecular landscape. This review consolidates a comprehensive understanding of the molecular drivers of eyelid SGC, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets and providing a foundation for future investigations in diagnostic, prognostic, and personalized treatment strategies for this formidable malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Jayaraj
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Debjeet Ray
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kevika Goel
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ananya Singh
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nimita Kant
- Department of Zoology, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Seema Sen
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Science, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
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3
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Utikal J, Nagel P, Müller V, Becker JC, Dippel E, Frisman A, Gschnell M, Griewank K, Hadaschik E, Helbig D, Hillen U, Leiter U, Pföhler C, Krönig L, Ziemer M, Ugurel S. S1-Guideline Sebaceous Carcinoma. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:730-747. [PMID: 38679790 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Sebaceous gland carcinomas are rare malignant cutaneous adnexal tumors with sebocytic differentiation. The typical predilection area is the head and neck region, where sebaceous gland carcinomas are the most common malignant adnexal tumors of the skin. According to their localization a distinction is made between periocular and extraocular sebaceous gland carcinomas. Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) should always be ruled out if it is suspected. In terms of prognosis, sebaceous gland carcinomas are potentially aggressive tumors with a clear tendency to recur and metastasize. Only small extraocular sebaceous gland carcinomas that have been completely resected have a very good prognosis. Sebaceous gland carcinomas most frequently metastasize lymphogenously to regional or distant lymph nodes; organ metastasis occurs less frequently. Periocular sebaceous gland carcinomas have a higher metastasis rate (up to 15%) than extraocular sebaceous gland carcinomas (up to 2%). Complete micrographically controlled surgery (MCS) of the primary tumor is the therapy of first choice, regardless of periocular or extraocular localization. Adjuvant or therapeutic radiotherapy may be considered. There is currently no established standard therapy for advanced, inoperable, or metastatic sebaceous gland carcinomas. Local procedures and systemic therapies such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy can be considered. The procedure should be determined individually by an interdisciplinary tumor board. Close follow-up care is recommended for these potentially aggressive carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Utikal
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology of the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg and the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- DKFZ Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Pia Nagel
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology of the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg and the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- DKFZ Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Müller
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology of the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg and the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karl University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- DKFZ Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jürgen C Becker
- Translational Skin Cancer Research, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Essen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edgar Dippel
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ludwigshafen Medical Center, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Alexander Frisman
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Gschnell
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Griewank
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eva Hadaschik
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Doris Helbig
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Uwe Hillen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Vivantes Hospital Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Leiter
- Center for Dermato-Oncology, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Pföhler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology and Skin Tumor Center, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Lisa Krönig
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mirjana Ziemer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Selma Ugurel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Essen, Essen, Germany
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4
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Utikal J, Nagel P, Müller V, Becker JC, Dippel E, Frisman A, Gschnell M, Griewank K, Hadaschik E, Helbig D, Hillen U, Leiter U, Pföhler C, Krönig L, Ziemer M, Ugurel S. S1‐Leitlinie Talgdrüsenkarzinom. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:730-749. [PMID: 38730519 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15405_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Sebaceous gland carcinomas are rare malignant cutaneous adnexal tumors with sebocytic differentiation. The typical predilection area is the head and neck region, where sebaceous gland carcinomas are the most common malignant adnexal tumors of the skin. According to their localization a distinction is made between periocular and extraocular sebaceous gland carcinomas. Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) should always be ruled out if it is suspected. In terms of prognosis, sebaceous gland carcinomas are potentially aggressive tumors with a clear tendency to recur and metastasize. Only small extraocular sebaceous gland carcinomas that have been completely resected have a very good prognosis. Sebaceous gland carcinomas most frequently metastasize lymphogenously to regional or distant lymph nodes; organ metastasis occurs less frequently. Periocular sebaceous gland carcinomas have a higher metastasis rate (up to 15%) than extraocular sebaceous gland carcinomas (up to 2%). Complete micrographically controlled surgery (MCS) of the primary tumor is the therapy of first choice, regardless of periocular or extraocular localization. Adjuvant or therapeutic radiotherapy may be considered. There is currently no established standard therapy for advanced, inoperable or metastatic sebaceous gland carcinomas. Local procedures and system therapies such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy can be considered. The procedure should be determined individually in an interdisciplinary tumor board. Close follow-up care is recommended for these potentially aggressive carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Utikal
- Klinische Kooperationseinheit Dermatoonkologie des Deutschen Krebsforschungszentrums (DKFZ) Heidelberg und der Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland
- DKFZ Hector Krebsinstitut an der Universitätsmedizin Mannheim
| | - Pia Nagel
- Klinische Kooperationseinheit Dermatoonkologie des Deutschen Krebsforschungszentrums (DKFZ) Heidelberg und der Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland
- DKFZ Hector Krebsinstitut an der Universitätsmedizin Mannheim
| | - Verena Müller
- Klinische Kooperationseinheit Dermatoonkologie des Deutschen Krebsforschungszentrums (DKFZ) Heidelberg und der Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland
- DKFZ Hector Krebsinstitut an der Universitätsmedizin Mannheim
| | - Jürgen C Becker
- Translationale Hautkrebsforschung, Klinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsmedizin Essen, und Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg
| | - Edgar Dippel
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen
| | - Alexander Frisman
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | - Martin Gschnell
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Marburg
| | - Klaus Griewank
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen
| | - Eva Hadaschik
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen
| | - Doris Helbig
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Uniklinikum Köln
| | - Uwe Hillen
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin
| | - Ulrike Leiter
- Zentrum für Dermatoonkologie, Universitäts-Hautklinik Tübingen, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - Claudia Pföhler
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie und Hauttumorzentrum am UKS, Homburg/Saar
| | - Lisa Krönig
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Marburg
| | - Mirjana Ziemer
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Leipzig
| | - Selma Ugurel
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen
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5
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Jeong SU, Song JS, Lee HJ, Sa HS, Cho KJ. Prognostic Significance of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Ocular Sebaceous Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Analysis. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100449. [PMID: 38369185 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are known to have prognostic significance in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. However, their significance in ocular sebaceous carcinoma (OSC) remains unverified because of the rarity of the condition. This study aimed to investigate the association between clinicopathologic features, biomarkers, and hrHPV infection and their potential to predict prognosis in OSC patients. We analyzed the clinicopathologic features of 81 OSC patients from Asan Medical Center between 2000 and 2022. Seventeen biomarkers and hrHPV were examined using immunohistochemistry and DNA in situ hybridization on tissue microarray cores. hrHPV was identified in 31 cases (38.3%). Univariate analysis revealed that hrHPV infection was associated with comedonecrosis (P = .032), high Ki-67 labeling index (≥30%, P = .042), lower expression of E-cadherin (P = .033), and loss of expression of zinc finger protein 750 (P = .023). Multivariate analysis revealed that loss of expression of zinc finger protein 750 (P = .026) remained an independently associated factor for hrHPV. Progression-free survival analysis was performed on 28 patients who were continuously observed for more than 5 years. During a median follow-up duration of 86 months, recurrence or metastasis developed in 14 patients (50%) within the survival cohort, occurring at a median time of 48 months after excision. Univariate analysis indicated that recurrence or metastasis was associated with tumor size (P = .010), high TILs (≥10%; P = .025), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.043), site of origin (P = .025), and high expression of bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (P = .039). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that high TILs (P = .017) and site of origin (P = .025) were independent prognostic factors. The prognosis of OSC was hrHPV-independent, and a better prognosis was associated with the site of origin in the order of the gland of Zeis, meibomian gland, and multicentric site, as well as with high TILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Un Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seon Song
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Seok Sa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ja Cho
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Gu X, Huang Z, Chen J, Luo Y, Ge S, Jia R, Song X, Chai P, Xu S, Fan X. Establishment and Characterization of a TP53-Mutated Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma Cell Line. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:16. [PMID: 38095907 PMCID: PMC10723222 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Eyelid sebaceous carcinoma (SeC) is the third most frequent eyelid malignancy worldwide and is relatively prevalent in Asian patients. An eyelid SeC cell line model is necessary for experimental research to explore the etiology and pathogenesis of eyelid SeC. This study established and characterized an eyelid SeC cell line with a TP53 mutation that might be useful for analyzing potential treatment options for eyelid SeC. Methods The eyelid SeC cell line SHNPH-SeC was obtained from a patient with eyelid SeC at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital (SHNPH), Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to detect the origination and proliferation activity. Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling was performed for verification. Chromosome analysis was implemented to investigate chromosome aberrations. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was used to discover genomic mutations. Cell proliferation assays were performed to identify sensitivity to mitomycin-C (MMC) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Results SHNPH-SeC cells were successively subcultured for more than 100 passages and demonstrated rapid proliferation and migration. Karyotype analysis revealed abundant chromosome aberrations, and WES revealed SeC-related mutations in TP53, KMT2C, and ERBB2. An in vivo tumor model was successfully established in NOD/SCID mice. Biomarkers of eyelid SeC, including cytokeratin 5 (CK5), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), adipophilin, p53, and Ki-67, were detected in SHNPH-SeC cells, original tumors, and xenografts. MMC and 5-FU inhibited the proliferation and migration of SHNPH-SeC cells, and SHNPH-SeC cells presented a greater drug response than non-TP53-mutated SeC cells. Conclusions The newly established eyelid SeC cell line SHNPH-SeC demonstrates mutation in TP53, the most commonly mutated gene in SeC. It presents SeC properties and malignant characteristics that may facilitate the investigation of cellular behaviors and molecular mechanisms of SeC to explore promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyue Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxiu Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqiong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Moreno CS, Winham CL, Alemozaffar M, Klein ER, Lawal IO, Abiodun-Ojo OA, Patil D, Barwick BG, Huang Y, Schuster DM, Sanda MG, Osunkoya AO. Integrated Genomic Analysis of Primary Prostate Tumor Foci and Corresponding Lymph Node Metastases Identifies Mutations and Pathways Associated with Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5671. [PMID: 38067373 PMCID: PMC10705102 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease and mortality is mainly due to metastases but the initial steps of metastasis have not been well characterized. We have performed integrative whole exome sequencing and transcriptome analysis of primary prostate tumor foci and corresponding lymph node metastases (LNM) from 43 patients enrolled in clinical trial. We present evidence that, while there are some cases of clonally independent primary tumor foci, 87% of primary tumor foci and metastases are descended from a common ancestor. We demonstrate that genes related to oxidative phosphorylation are upregulated in LNM and in African-American patients relative to White patients. We further show that mutations in TP53, FLT4, EYA1, NCOR2, CSMD3, and PCDH15 are enriched in prostate cancer metastases. These findings were validated in a meta-analysis of 3929 primary tumors and 2721 metastases and reveal a pattern of molecular alterations underlying the pathology of metastatic prostate cancer. We show that LNM contain multiple subclones that are already present in primary tumor foci. We observed enrichment of mutations in several genes including understudied genes such as EYA1, CSMD3, FLT4, NCOR2, and PCDH15 and found that mutations in EYA1 and CSMD3 are associated with a poor outcome in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos S. Moreno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.L.W.); (A.O.O.)
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cynthia L. Winham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.L.W.); (A.O.O.)
| | - Mehrdad Alemozaffar
- Department of Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA (D.P.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Emma R. Klein
- Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ismaheel O. Lawal
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA (O.A.A.-O.); (D.M.S.)
| | - Olayinka A. Abiodun-Ojo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA (O.A.A.-O.); (D.M.S.)
| | - Dattatraya Patil
- Department of Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA (D.P.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Benjamin G. Barwick
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yijian Huang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - David M. Schuster
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA (O.A.A.-O.); (D.M.S.)
| | - Martin G. Sanda
- Department of Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA (D.P.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Adeboye O. Osunkoya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.L.W.); (A.O.O.)
- Department of Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA (D.P.); (M.G.S.)
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8
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Sangiorgi E, Giannuzzi F, Molinario C, Rapari G, Riccio M, Cuffaro G, Castri F, Benvenuto R, Genuardi M, Massi D, Savino G. Base-Excision Repair Mutational Signature in Two Sebaceous Carcinomas of the Eyelid. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2055. [PMID: 38002998 PMCID: PMC10671510 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Personalized medicine aims to develop tailored treatments for individual patients based on specific mutations present in the affected organ. This approach has proven paramount in cancer treatment, as each tumor carries distinct driver mutations that respond to targeted drugs and, in some cases, may confer resistance to other therapies. Particularly for rare conditions, personalized medicine has the potential to revolutionize treatment strategies. Rare cancers often lack extensive datasets of molecular and pathological information, large-scale trials for novel therapies, and established treatment guidelines. Consequently, surgery is frequently the only viable option for many rare tumors, when feasible, as traditional multimodal approaches employed for more common cancers often play a limited role. Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid is an exceptionally rare cancer affecting the eye's adnexal tissues, most frequently reported in Asia, but whose prevalence is significantly increasing even in Europe and the US. The sole established curative treatment is surgical excision, which can lead to significant disfigurement. In cases of metastatic sebaceous carcinoma, validated drug options are currently lacking. In this project, we set out to characterize the mutational landscape of two sebaceous carcinomas of the eyelid following surgical excision. Utilizing available bioinformatics tools, we demonstrated our ability to identify common features promptly and accurately in both tumors. These features included a Base-Excision Repair mutational signature, a notably high tumor mutational burden, and key driver mutations in somatic tissues. These findings had not been previously reported in similar studies. This report underscores how, in the case of rare tumors, it is possible to comprehensively characterize the mutational landscape of each individual case, potentially opening doors to targeted therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Sangiorgi
- Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.R.); (M.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Federico Giannuzzi
- Ocular Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (F.G.); (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Clelia Molinario
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (C.M.); (F.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Giulia Rapari
- Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.R.); (M.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Melania Riccio
- Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.R.); (M.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Giovanni Cuffaro
- Ocular Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (F.G.); (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Federica Castri
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (C.M.); (F.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Roberta Benvenuto
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (C.M.); (F.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Maurizio Genuardi
- Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.R.); (M.R.); (M.G.)
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Daniela Massi
- Section of Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Gustavo Savino
- Ocular Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (F.G.); (G.C.); (G.S.)
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9
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Zeng Z, Bromberg Y. Inferring Potential Cancer Driving Synonymous Variants. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:778. [PMID: 35627162 PMCID: PMC9140830 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synonymous single nucleotide variants (sSNVs) are often considered functionally silent, but a few cases of cancer-causing sSNVs have been reported. From available databases, we collected four categories of sSNVs: germline, somatic in normal tissues, somatic in cancerous tissues, and putative cancer drivers. We found that screening sSNVs for recurrence among patients, conservation of the affected genomic position, and synVep prediction (synVep is a machine learning-based sSNV effect predictor) recovers cancer driver variants (termed proposed drivers) and previously unknown putative cancer genes. Of the 2.9 million somatic sSNVs found in the COSMIC database, we identified 2111 proposed cancer driver sSNVs. Of these, 326 sSNVs could be further tagged for possible RNA splicing effects, RNA structural changes, and affected RBP motifs. This list of proposed cancer driver sSNVs provides computational guidance in prioritizing the experimental evaluation of synonymous mutations found in cancers. Furthermore, our list of novel potential cancer genes, galvanized by synonymous mutations, may highlight yet unexplored cancer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishuo Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08873, USA
| | - Yana Bromberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08873, USA
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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10
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Yusuf IH, Garrett A, MacLaren RE, Issa PC. Retinal cadherins and the retinal cadherinopathies: Current concepts and future directions. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 90:101038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Na HY, Park JH, Shin SA, Lee S, Lee H, Chae H, Choung H, Kim N, Chung JH, Kim JE. Targeted Sequencing Revealed Distinct Mutational Profiles of Ocular and Extraocular Sebaceous Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4810. [PMID: 34638295 PMCID: PMC8508046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological behavior of sebaceous carcinoma (SeC) is relatively indolent; however, local invasion or distant metastasis is sometimes reported. Nevertheless, a lack of understanding of the genetic background of SeC makes it difficult to apply effective systemic therapy. This study was designed to investigate major genetic alterations in SeCs in Korean patients. A total of 29 samples, including 20 ocular SeCs (SeC-Os) and 9 extraocular SeCs (SeC-EOs), were examined. Targeted next-generation sequencing tests including 171 cancer-related genes were performed. TP53 and PIK3CA genes were frequently mutated in both SeC-Os and SeC-EOs with slight predominance in SeC-Os, whereas the NOTCH1 gene was more commonly mutated in SeC-EOs. In clinical correlation, mutations in RUNX1 and ATM were associated with development of distant metastases, and alterations in MSH6 and BRCA1 were associated with inferior progression-free survival (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, our study revealed distinct genetic alterations between SeC-Os and SeC-EOs and some important prognostic molecular markers. Mutations in potentially actionable genes, including EGFR, ERBB2, and mismatch repair genes, were noted, suggesting consideration of a clinical trial in intractable cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Na
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.Y.N.); (J.H.P.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.Y.N.); (J.H.P.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07067, Korea
| | - Sun Ah Shin
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.Y.N.); (J.H.P.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Sejoon Lee
- Precision Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea;
| | - Heonyi Lee
- Bioinformatics Collaboration Unit, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Heejoon Chae
- Division of Computer Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04312, Korea;
| | - HoKyung Choung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07067, Korea;
| | - Namju Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea;
| | - Jin-Haeng Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.Y.N.); (J.H.P.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.Y.N.); (J.H.P.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07067, Korea
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12
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Peterson C, Moore R, Hicks JL, Morsberger LA, De Marzo AM, Zou Y, Eberhart CG, Campbell AA. NGS Analysis Confirms Common TP53 and RB1 Mutations, and Suggests MYC Amplification in Ocular Adnexal Sebaceous Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8454. [PMID: 34445161 PMCID: PMC8395148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular adnexal (OA) sebaceous carcinomas generally demonstrate more aggressive clinical and histopathological phenotypes than extraocular cases, but the molecular drivers implicated in their oncogenesis remain poorly defined. A retrospective review of surgical and ocular pathology archives identified eleven primary resection specimens of OA sebaceous carcinomas with adequate tissue for molecular analysis; two extraocular cases were also examined. Next-generation sequencing was used to evaluate mutations and copy number changes in a large panel of cancer-associated genes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed MYC copy number gain in select cases, and immunohistochemistry to evaluate MYC protein expression. The commonest mutations occurred in TP53 (10/13) and RB1 (7/13). Additional mutations in clinically actionable genes, or mutations with a frequency of at least 25%, included the NF1 (3/12), PMS2 (4/12), ROS1 (3/12), KMT2C (4/12), MNX1 (6/12), NOTCH1 (4/12), PCLO (3/12), and PTPRT (3/12) loci. Low level copy number gain suggestive of amplification of the MYC locus was seen in two cases, and confirmed using FISH. MYC protein expression, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, was present in almost all sebaceous carcinoma cases. Our findings support the concept that alterations in TP53 and RB1 are the commonest alterations in sebaceous carcinoma, and suggest that MYC may contribute to the oncogenesis of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Peterson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Robert Moore
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.M.); (J.L.H.); (L.A.M.); (A.M.D.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jessica L. Hicks
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.M.); (J.L.H.); (L.A.M.); (A.M.D.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Laura A. Morsberger
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.M.); (J.L.H.); (L.A.M.); (A.M.D.M.); (Y.Z.)
- Clinical Cytogenetics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Johns Hopkins Genomics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.M.); (J.L.H.); (L.A.M.); (A.M.D.M.); (Y.Z.)
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Brady Urological Research Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.M.); (J.L.H.); (L.A.M.); (A.M.D.M.); (Y.Z.)
- Clinical Cytogenetics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Johns Hopkins Genomics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Charles G. Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.M.); (J.L.H.); (L.A.M.); (A.M.D.M.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ashley A. Campbell
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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13
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Rong AJ, Gallo RA, Zhang MG, Doddapaneni R, Griswold AJ, Lee JY, Kurtenbach S, Dubovy SR, Tse DT, Pelaez D. Establishment and Characterization of a Novel Human Ocular Adnexal Sebaceous Carcinoma Cell Line. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:34. [PMID: 34043754 PMCID: PMC8161695 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.6.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a malignant eyelid tumor of the ocular adnexa that is primarily treated via surgical excision. Few therapies exist in advanced cases, and medical therapy is limited because of our incomplete understanding of SC biology. Herein, we describe a technique to culture human ocular adnexal SC for use as an in vitro model. Methods Human ocular adnexal SC tumor cells were isolated from a patient undergoing orbital exenteration surgery and named Bascom Palmer 50 (BP50). They were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium/nutrient mixture F-12 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics and were maintained at 37°C in humidified 5% CO2. The cells were characterized by immunohistochemistry, exome sequencing, and short tandem repeats analysis. In vitro drug screening against mitomycin-C (MMC) was performed using a cell viability assay. Results BP50 grew past 40 passages with a doubling time of 52.3 hours. Immunocytochemical staining revealed expression of SC-associated markers adipophilin, epithelial membrane antigen, p53, and androgen receptor. Whole exome sequencing showed a significant carryover in somatic mutations between the tumor tissue and corresponding cell line, revealing genetic markers consistent with SC. MMC affected cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions BP50 displays characteristics of ocular adnexal SC and therefore may facilitate improved understanding of SC biology and the high throughput assessment of novel therapeutic compounds and new drug combinatorial approaches targeted for this disease. Translational Relevance Drug screening with MMC against these cells shows in vitro evidence to support its continued clinical use in SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Rong
- Department of Oculoplastic Surgery, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ryan A Gallo
- Dr. Nasser Ibrahim Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michelle G Zhang
- Dr. Nasser Ibrahim Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Ocular Oncology Laboratory, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ravi Doddapaneni
- McColl-Lockwood Muscular Dystrophy Laboratory, James G. Cannon Research Center, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Anthony J Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John Y Lee
- Dr. Nasser Ibrahim Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stefan Kurtenbach
- Ocular Oncology Laboratory, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sander R Dubovy
- Department of Pathology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David T Tse
- Department of Oculoplastic Surgery, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Pelaez
- Dr. Nasser Ibrahim Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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14
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Abstract
Sebaceous neoplasia primarily includes sebaceous adenoma, sebaceoma, and sebaceous carcinoma (SC). Sebaceous adenoma, sebaceoma, and a subset of cutaneous SC are frequently associated with defective DNA mismatch repair resulting from mutations in MLH1, MSH2, or MSH6. These tumors can be sporadic or associated with Muir-Torre syndrome. SCs without defective DNA mismatch repair have ultraviolet signature mutation or paucimutational patterns. Ocular SCs have low mutation burdens and frequent mutations in ZNF750. Some ocular sebaceous carcinomas have TP53 and RB1 mutations similar to cutaneous SC, whereas others lack such mutations and are associated with human papilloma virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P North
- Dermatopathology, Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, 1701 Divisadero Street, Room 280, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, 1701 Divisadero Street, Room 280, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
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15
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Sargen MR, Starrett GJ, Engels EA, Cahoon EK, Tucker MA, Goldstein AM. Sebaceous Carcinoma Epidemiology and Genetics: Emerging Concepts and Clinical Implications for Screening, Prevention, and Treatment. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:389-393. [PMID: 32907843 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sebaceous carcinoma is an aggressive skin cancer with a 5-year overall survival rate of 78% for localized/regional disease and 50% for metastatic disease. The incidence of this cancer has been increasing in the United States for several decades, but the underlying reasons for this increase are unclear. In this article, we review the epidemiology and genetics of sebaceous carcinoma, including recent population data and tumor genomic analyses that provide new insights into underlying tumor biology. We further discuss emerging evidence of a possible viral etiology for this cancer. Finally, we review the clinical implications of recent advances in sebaceous carcinoma research for screening, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Sargen
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Rockville, Maryland.
| | - Gabriel J Starrett
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eric A Engels
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth K Cahoon
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Rockville, Maryland
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