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Bae HG, Wu WC, Nip K, Gould E, Kim JH. Scn2a deletion disrupts oligodendroglia function: Implication for myelination, neural circuitry, and auditory hypersensitivity in ASD. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.15.589242. [PMID: 38659965 PMCID: PMC11042360 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.15.589242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by a complex etiology, with genetic determinants significantly influencing its manifestation. Among these, the Scn2a gene emerges as a pivotal player, crucially involved in both glial and neuronal functionality. This study elucidates the underexplored roles of Scn2a in oligodendrocytes, and its subsequent impact on myelination and auditory neural processes. The results reveal a nuanced interplay between oligodendrocytes and axons, where Scn2a deletion causes alterations in the intricate process of myelination. This disruption, in turn, instigates changes in axonal properties and neuronal activities at the single cell level. Furthermore, oligodendrocyte-specific Scn2a deletion compromises the integrity of neural circuitry within auditory pathways, leading to auditory hypersensitivity-a common sensory abnormality observed in ASD. Through transcriptional profiling, we identified alterations in the expression of myelin-associated genes, highlighting the cellular consequences engendered by Scn2a deletion. In summary, the findings provide unprecedented insights into the pathway from Scn2a deletion in oligodendrocytes to sensory abnormalities in ASD, underscoring the integral role of Scn2a -mediated myelination in auditory responses. This research thereby provides novel insights into the intricate tapestry of genetic and cellular interactions inherent in ASD.
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Peall KJ, Owen MJ, Hall J. Rare genetic brain disorders with overlapping neurological and psychiatric phenotypes. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:7-21. [PMID: 38001363 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding rare genetic brain disorders with overlapping neurological and psychiatric phenotypes is of increasing importance given the potential for developing disease models that could help to understand more common, polygenic disorders. However, the traditional clinical boundaries between neurology and psychiatry result in frequent segregation of these disorders into distinct silos, limiting cross-specialty understanding that could facilitate clinical and biological advances. In this Review, we highlight multiple genetic brain disorders in which neurological and psychiatric phenotypes are observed, but for which in-depth, cross-spectrum clinical phenotyping is rarely undertaken. We describe the combined phenotypes observed in association with genetic variants linked to epilepsy, dystonia, autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. We also consider common underlying mechanisms that centre on synaptic plasticity, including changes to synaptic and neuronal structure, calcium handling and the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal activity. Further investigation is needed to better define and replicate these phenotypes in larger cohorts, which would help to gain greater understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and identify common therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Peall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Michael J Owen
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Shih YC, Nelson L, Janeček M, Peixoto RT. Late onset and regional heterogeneity of synaptic deficits in cortical PV interneurons of Shank3B -/- mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.23.568500. [PMID: 38045377 PMCID: PMC10690261 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.23.568500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy and epileptiform patterns of cortical activity are highly prevalent in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but the neural substrates and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the onset of cortical dysfunction in ASD remains elusive. Reduced cortical expression of Parvalbumin (PV) has been widely observed in ASD mouse models and human postmortem studies, suggesting a crucial role of PV interneurons (PVINs) in ASD pathogenesis. Shank3B -/- mice carrying a Δ13-16 deletion in SHANK3 exhibit cortical hyperactivity during postnatal development and reduced sensory responses in cortical GABAergic interneurons in adulthood. However, whether these phenotypes are associated with PVIN dysfunction is unknown. Using whole-cell electrophysiology and a viral-based strategy to label PVINs during postnatal development, we performed a developmental characterization of AMPAR miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in PVINs and pyramidal (PYR) neurons of layer (L) 2/3 mPFC in Shank3B -/- mice. Surprisingly, reduced mEPSC frequency was observed in both PYR and PVIN populations, but only in adulthood. At P15, when cortical hyperactivity is already observed, both neuron types exhibited normal mEPSC amplitude and frequency, suggesting that glutamatergic connectivity deficits in these neurons emerge as compensatory mechanisms. Additionally, we found normal mEPSCs in adult PVINs of L2/3 somatosensory cortex, revealing region-specific phenotypic differences of cortical PVINs in Shank3B -/- mice. Together, these results demonstrate that loss of Shank3 alters PVIN function but suggest that PVIN glutamatergic synapses are a suboptimal therapeutic target for normalizing early cortical imbalances in SHANK3-associated disorders. More broadly, these findings underscore the complexity of interneuron dysfunction in ASDs, prompting further exploration of region and developmental stage specific phenotypes for understanding and developing effective interventions.
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Yildiz B, Schiedt L, Mulaw M, Bockmann J, Jesse S, Lutz AK, Boeckers TM. Shank3 related muscular hypotonia is accompanied by increased intracellular calcium concentrations and ion channel dysregulation in striated muscle tissue. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1243299. [PMID: 37745298 PMCID: PMC10511643 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1243299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a syndromic form of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) classified as a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder featuring global developmental delay, absent or delayed speech, ASD-like behaviour and neonatal skeletal muscle hypotonia. PMS is caused by a heterozygous deletion of the distal end of chromosome 22q13.3 or SHANK3 mutations. We analyzed striated muscles of newborn Shank3Δ11(-/-) animals and found a significant enlargement of the sarcoplasmic reticulum as previously seen in adult Shank3Δ11(-/-) mice, indicative of a Shank3-dependent and not compensatory mechanism for this structural alteration. We analyzed transcriptional differences by RNA-sequencing of muscle tissue of neonatal Shank3Δ11(-/-) mice and compared those to Shank3(+/+) controls. We found significant differences in gene expression of ion channels crucial for muscle contraction and for molecules involved in calcium ion regulation. In addition, calcium storage- [i.e., Calsequestrin (CSQ)], calcium secretion- and calcium-related signaling-proteins were found to be affected. By immunostainings and Western blot analyses we could confirm these findings both in Shank3Δ11(-/-) mice and PMS patient muscle tissue. Moreover, alterations could be induced in vitro by the selective downregulation of Shank3 in C2C12 myotubes. Our results emphasize that SHANK3 levels directly or indirectly regulate calcium homeostasis in a cell autonomous manner that might contribute to muscular hypotonia especially seen in the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berra Yildiz
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, IGradU, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lisa Schiedt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, IGradU, Ulm, Germany
| | - Medhanie Mulaw
- Unit for Single-cell Genomics, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bockmann
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sarah Jesse
- Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Lutz
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias M. Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Ulm Site, Ulm, Germany
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5
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Ni P, Zhou C, Liang S, Jiang Y, Liu D, Shao Z, Noh H, Zhao L, Tian Y, Zhang C, Wei J, Li X, Yu H, Ni R, Yu X, Qi X, Zhang Y, Ma X, Deng W, Guo W, Wang Q, Sham PC, Chung S, Li T. YBX1-Mediated DNA Methylation-Dependent SHANK3 Expression in PBMCs and Developing Cortical Interneurons in Schizophrenia. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300455. [PMID: 37211699 PMCID: PMC10369273 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorder. The pathological process of SCZ starts early during development, way before the first onset of psychotic symptoms. DNA methylation plays an important role in regulating gene expression and dysregulated DNA methylation is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. The methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-chip (MeDIP-chip) is performed to investigate genome-wide DNA methylation dysregulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with first-episode SCZ (FES). Results show that the SHANK3 promoter is hypermethylated, and this hypermethylation (HyperM) is negatively correlated with the cortical surface area in the left inferior temporal cortex and positively correlated with the negative symptom subscores in FES. The transcription factor YBX1 is further found to bind to the HyperM region of SHANK3 promoter in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived cortical interneurons (cINs) but not glutamatergic neurons. Furthermore, a direct and positive regulatory effect of YBX1 on the expression of SHANK3 is confirmed in cINs using shRNAs. In summary, the dysregulated SHANK3 expression in cINs suggests the potential role of DNA methylation in the neuropathological mechanism underlying SCZ. The results also suggest that HyperM of SHANK3 in PBMCs can serve as a potential peripheral biomarker of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Ni
- The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric LaboratoryState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
- Department of PsychiatryMcLean Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBelmontMA02478USA
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNY10595USA
| | - Chuqing Zhou
- The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric LaboratoryState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Sugai Liang
- Department of NeurobiologyAffiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Youhui Jiang
- The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric LaboratoryState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Dongxin Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNY10595USA
| | - Zhicheng Shao
- Department of PsychiatryMcLean Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBelmontMA02478USA
| | - Haneul Noh
- Department of PsychiatryMcLean Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBelmontMA02478USA
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNY10595USA
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric LaboratoryState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Yang Tian
- The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric LaboratoryState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric LaboratoryState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Jinxue Wei
- The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric LaboratoryState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric LaboratoryState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Hua Yu
- The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric LaboratoryState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Rongjun Ni
- The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric LaboratoryState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Xueli Yu
- Department of NeurobiologyAffiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyMOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain‐Machine IntegrationSchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Xueyu Qi
- Department of NeurobiologyAffiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyMOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain‐Machine IntegrationSchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric LaboratoryState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric LaboratoryState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of NeurobiologyAffiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyMOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain‐Machine IntegrationSchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Wanjun Guo
- Department of NeurobiologyAffiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyMOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain‐Machine IntegrationSchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Qiang Wang
- The Mental Health Center and Psychiatric LaboratoryState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Pak C. Sham
- Department of PsychiatryLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong, SAR999077China
- Centre for PanorOmic SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong, SAR999077China
| | - Sangmi Chung
- Department of PsychiatryMcLean Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBelmontMA02478USA
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNY10595USA
| | - Tao Li
- Department of NeurobiologyAffiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyMOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain‐Machine IntegrationSchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
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6
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de Coo IF, Jesse S, Le TL, Sala C, Bourgeron T. Consensus recommendations on Epilepsy in Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104746. [PMID: 36967043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a 22q13.3 deletion syndrome that presents with a disturbed development, neurological and psychiatric characteristics, and sometimes other comorbidities like seizures. The epilepsy manifests itself in a variety of seizure semiologies. Further diagnostics using electroencephalogram (EEG) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are important in conjunction with the clinical picture of the seizures to decide whether anticonvulsant therapy is necessary. As part of the development of European consensus guidelines we focussed on the prevalence and semiology of epileptic seizures in PMS associated with a pathogenic variant in the SHANK3 gene or the 22q13 deletion involving SHANK3, in order to then be able to make recommendations regarding diagnosis and therapy.
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Kupferschmidt DA, Cummings KA, Joffe ME, MacAskill A, Malik R, Sánchez-Bellot C, Tejeda HA, Yarur Castillo H. Prefrontal Interneurons: Populations, Pathways, and Plasticity Supporting Typical and Disordered Cognition in Rodent Models. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8468-8476. [PMID: 36351822 PMCID: PMC9665918 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1136-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prefrontal cortex (PFC) inhibitory microcircuits regulate the gain and timing of pyramidal neuron firing, coordinate neural ensemble interactions, and gate local and long-range neural communication to support adaptive cognition and contextually tuned behavior. Accordingly, perturbations of PFC inhibitory microcircuits are thought to underlie dysregulated cognition and behavior in numerous psychiatric diseases and relevant animal models. This review, based on a Mini-Symposium presented at the 2022 Society for Neuroscience Meeting, highlights recent studies providing novel insights into: (1) discrete medial PFC (mPFC) interneuron populations in the mouse brain; (2) mPFC interneuron connections with, and regulation of, long-range mPFC afferents; and (3) circuit-specific plasticity of mPFC interneurons. The contributions of such populations, pathways, and plasticity to rodent cognition are discussed in the context of stress, reward, motivational conflict, and genetic mutations relevant to psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Kupferschmidt
- Integrative Neuroscience Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Kirstie A Cummings
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35233
| | - Max E Joffe
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
| | - Andrew MacAskill
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom, WC1E 6BT
| | - Ruchi Malik
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Candela Sánchez-Bellot
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom, WC1E 6BT
- Laboratorio de Circuitos Neuronales, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain, 28002
| | - Hugo A Tejeda
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Hector Yarur Castillo
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
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8
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Broussard GJ, Petreanu L. Eavesdropping wires: Recording activity in axons using genetically encoded calcium indicators. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 360:109251. [PMID: 34119572 PMCID: PMC8363211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurons broadcast electrical signals to distal brain regions through extensive axonal arbors. Genetically encoded calcium sensors permit the direct observation of action potential activity at axonal terminals, providing unique insights on the organization and function of neural projections. Here, we consider what information can be gleaned from axonal recordings made at scales ranging from the summed activity extracted from multi-cell axon projections to single boutons. In particular, we discuss the application of different recently developed multi photon and fiber photometry methods for recording neural activity in axons of rodents. We define experimental difficulties associated with imaging approaches in the axonal compartment and highlight the latest methodological advances for addressing these issues. Finally, we reflect on ways in which new technologies can be used in conjunction with axon calcium imaging to address current questions in neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leopoldo Petreanu
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.
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9
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Shao LX, Liao C, Gregg I, Davoudian PA, Savalia NK, Delagarza K, Kwan AC. Psilocybin induces rapid and persistent growth of dendritic spines in frontal cortex in vivo. Neuron 2021; 109:2535-2544.e4. [PMID: 34228959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic with untapped therapeutic potential. There are hints that the use of psychedelics can produce neural adaptations, although the extent and timescale of the impact in a mammalian brain are unknown. In this study, we used chronic two-photon microscopy to image longitudinally the apical dendritic spines of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the mouse medial frontal cortex. We found that a single dose of psilocybin led to ∼10% increases in spine size and density, driven by an elevated spine formation rate. The structural remodeling occurred quickly within 24 h and was persistent 1 month later. Psilocybin also ameliorated stress-related behavioral deficit and elevated excitatory neurotransmission. Overall, the results demonstrate that psilocybin-evoked synaptic rewiring in the cortex is fast and enduring, potentially providing a structural trace for long-term integration of experiences and lasting beneficial actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Xiao Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Clara Liao
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Ian Gregg
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Pasha A Davoudian
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Neil K Savalia
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Kristina Delagarza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Alex C Kwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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10
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Gozes I. A Different Outlook at Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases: Brain Somatic Mutations Are Implicated in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:6-8. [PMID: 34140120 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Illana Gozes
- The Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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11
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Yang JH, Kwan AC. Secondary motor cortex: Broadcasting and biasing animal's decisions through long-range circuits. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 158:443-470. [PMID: 33785155 PMCID: PMC8190828 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medial secondary motor cortex (MOs or M2) constitutes the dorsal aspect of the rodent medial frontal cortex. We previously proposed that the function of MOs is to link antecedent conditions, including sensory stimuli and prior choices, to impending actions. In this review, we focus on the long-range pathways between MOs and other cortical and subcortical regions. We highlight three circuits: (1) connections with visual and auditory cortices that are essential for predictive coding of perceptual inputs; (2) connections with motor cortex and brainstem that are responsible for top-down, context-dependent modulation of movements; (3) connections with retrosplenial cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and basal ganglia that facilitate reward-based learning. Together, these long-range circuits allow MOs to broadcast choice signals for feedback and to bias decision-making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Hau Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Alex C Kwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
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12
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Savalia NK, Shao LX, Kwan AC. A Dendrite-Focused Framework for Understanding the Actions of Ketamine and Psychedelics. Trends Neurosci 2020; 44:260-275. [PMID: 33358035 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Pilot studies have hinted that serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin may relieve depression, and could possibly do so by promoting neural plasticity. Intriguingly, another psychotomimetic compound, ketamine, is a fast-acting antidepressant and induces synapse formation. The similarities in behavioral and neural effects have been puzzling because the compounds target distinct molecular receptors in the brain. In this opinion article, we develop a conceptual framework that suggests the actions of ketamine and serotonergic psychedelics may converge at the dendrites, to both enhance and suppress membrane excitability. We speculate that mismatches in the opposing actions on dendritic excitability may relate to these compounds' cell-type and region selectivity, their moderate range of effects and toxicity, and their plasticity-promoting capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil K Savalia
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Ling-Xiao Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Alex C Kwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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13
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Lourenço J, Koukouli F, Bacci A. Synaptic inhibition in the neocortex: Orchestration and computation through canonical circuits and variations on the theme. Cortex 2020; 132:258-280. [PMID: 33007640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The neocortex plays a crucial role in all basic and abstract cognitive functions. Conscious mental processes are achieved through a correct flow of information within and across neocortical networks, whose particular activity state results from a tight balance between excitation and inhibition. The proper equilibrium between these indissoluble forces is operated with multiscale organization: along the dendro-somatic axis of single neurons and at the network level. Fast synaptic inhibition is assured by a multitude of inhibitory interneurons. During cortical activities, these cells operate a finely tuned division of labor that is epitomized by their detailed connectivity scheme. Recent results combining the use of mouse genetics, cutting-edge optical and neurophysiological approaches have highlighted the role of fast synaptic inhibition in driving cognition-related activity through a canonical cortical circuit, involving several major interneuron subtypes and principal neurons. Here we detail the organization of this cortical blueprint and we highlight the crucial role played by different neuron types in fundamental cortical computations. In addition, we argue that this canonical circuit is prone to many variations on the theme, depending on the resolution of the classification of neuronal types, and the cortical area investigated. Finally, we discuss how specific alterations of distinct inhibitory circuits can underlie several devastating brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Lourenço
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, 47 Boulevard de L'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Fani Koukouli
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, 47 Boulevard de L'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Alberto Bacci
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, 47 Boulevard de L'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
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Barthas F, Hu MY, Siniscalchi MJ, Ali F, Mineur YS, Picciotto MR, Kwan AC. Cumulative Effects of Social Stress on Reward-Guided Actions and Prefrontal Cortical Activity. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:541-553. [PMID: 32276717 PMCID: PMC7434704 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When exposed to chronic social stress, animals display behavioral changes that are relevant to depressive-like phenotypes. However, the cascading relationship between incremental stress exposure and neural dysfunctions over time remains incompletely understood. METHODS We characterized the longitudinal effect of social defeat on goal-directed actions and prefrontal cortical activity in mice using a novel head-fixed sucrose preference task and two-photon calcium imaging. RESULTS Behaviorally, stress-induced loss of reward sensitivity intensifies over days. Motivational anhedonia, the failure to translate positive reinforcements into future actions, requires multiple sessions of stress exposure to become fully established. For neural activity, individual layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the cingulate and medial secondary motor subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex have heterogeneous responses to stress. Changes in ensemble activity differ significantly between susceptible and resilient mice after the first defeat session and continue to diverge following successive stress episodes before reaching persistent abnormal levels. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results demonstrate that the cumulative impact of an ethologically relevant stress can be observed at the level of cellular activity of individual prefrontal neurons. The distinct neural responses associated with resilience versus susceptibility suggests the hypothesis that the negative impact of social stress is neutralized in resilient animals, in part through an adaptive reorganization of prefrontal cortical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Barthas
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Melody Y. Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael J. Siniscalchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Farhan Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Yann S. Mineur
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Marina R. Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Alex C. Kwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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