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Zhang Z, Xu J, Liu J, Wang J, Lei L. SEC: A core hub during cell fate alteration. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23680. [PMID: 38758186 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400514r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Pol II pause release is a rate-limiting step in gene transcription, influencing various cell fate alterations. Numerous proteins orchestrate Pol II pause release, thereby playing pivotal roles in the intricate process of cellular fate modulation. Super elongation complex (SEC), a large assembly comprising diverse protein components, has garnered attention due to its emerging significance in orchestrating physiological and pathological cellular identity changes by regulating the transcription of crucial genes. Consequently, SEC emerges as a noteworthy functional complex capable of modulating cell fate alterations. Therefore, a comprehensive review is warranted to systematically summarize the core roles of SEC in different types of cell fate alterations. This review focuses on elucidating the current understanding of the structural and functional basis of SEC. Additionally, we discuss the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing SEC in various models of cell fate alteration, encompassing both physiological and pathological contexts. Furthermore, leveraging the existing knowledge of SEC, we propose some insightful directions for future research, aiming to enhance our mechanistic and functional comprehension of SEC within the diverse landscape of cell fate alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jiqiang Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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2
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Jia Y, Li HY, Wang J, Chen X, Lou L, Wei YY, Wang Y, Mo SJ. Tripartite motif containing 69 elicits ERK2-dependent EYA4 turnover to impart pancreatic tumorigenesis. J Cancer 2023; 14:200-218. [PMID: 36741265 PMCID: PMC9891873 DOI: 10.7150/jca.79905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Eyes absent homologue 4 (EYA4) is silenced in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and functions as a tumor suppressor to restrain PDAC development, albeit the molecular mechanism underlying its downregulation remains enigmatic. Methods: Functional studies were determined by immunohistochemistry of PDAC samples from patients and Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D/+; Trp53fl/+ (KPC) mice, three-dimensional spheroid culture, flow cytometry, MTT and subcutaneous xenograft experiments. Mechanistical studies were examined by cellular ubiquitination, cycloheximide (CHX) pulse-chase, co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, GST-pulldown, in vitro protein kinase assay, immunofluorescence and luciferase reporter assays. Results: We screen E3 ligase that is negatively correlated with EYA4 and uncover a mutually exclusive interaction of tripartite motif containing 69 (TRIM69) with EYA4 in human PDAC. TRIM69 elicits EYA4 polyubiquitylation and turnover independent of P53 and impedes the EYA4-driven deactivation of β-catenin/ID2 cascade, fueling PDAC cell proliferation in vitro and tumor development in mice. Expression of TRIM69 is upregulated in PDAC samples from independent cohorts of patients and the Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D/+; Trp53fl/+ (KPC) mice, and associated with unfavorable prognosis. Depleting TRIM69 preferentially induces lethality in the EYA4-deficient PDAC cells. We further unearth that ERK2 directly binds to the D-site of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) docking groove in EYA4 Leu512/514 and phosphorylates EYA4 at Ser37, which is instrumental for EYA4 polyubiquitylation and turnover by TRIM69. Conclusion: Our results define a previously unappreciated role of TRIM69-EYA4 axis in pancreatic tumorigenesis and underscore that targeting TRIM69 might be an effective therapeutic approach for PDAC harboring EYA4 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jia
- Cancer Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Yan Li
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xing Chen
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lu Lou
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Wei
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Jing Mo
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,✉ Corresponding author: Shi-Jing Mo, MD, PhD, General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China. E-mail: ; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-3255
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3
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Zhan Q, Zhang H, Wu B, Zhang N, Zhang L. E3 ubiquitin ligases in the acute leukemic signaling pathways. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1004330. [PMID: 36439256 PMCID: PMC9691902 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1004330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute leukemia is a common hematologic tumor with highly genetic heterogeneity, and many factors are involved in the pathogenesis and drug-resistance mechanism. Emerging evidence proves that E3 ubiquitin ligases participate in the acute leukemic signaling pathways via regulating substrates. This review summarized the E3 ligases which can affect the leukemic signal. It is worth noting that the abnormal signal is often caused by a deficiency or a mutation of the E3 ligases. In view of this phenomenon, we envisioned perspectives associated with targeted agonists of E3 ligases and proteolysis-targeting chimera technology. Moreover, we emphasized the significance of research into the upstream factors regulating the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases. It is expected that the understanding of the mechanism of leukemic signaling pathways with which that E3 ligases are involved will be beneficial to accelerating the process of therapeutic strategy improvement for acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Zhan
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Heyang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Boquan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Lijun Zhang, ; Naijin Zhang,
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Lijun Zhang, ; Naijin Zhang,
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4
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Lu X, Huang X, Xu H, Lu S, You S, Xu J, Zhan Q, Dong C, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Cao L, Zhang X, Zhang N, Zhang L. The role of E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 and the regulation of PARP1 by ubiquitinated degradation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:421. [PMID: 36257929 PMCID: PMC9579143 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been a huge threat for people's health and finding effective target therapy is urgent and important. WWP2, as one of E3 ubiquitin ligase, is involved in many biological processes by specifically binding to substrates. PARP1 plays a role in cell apoptosis and is considered as a therapeutic target of certain cancers. In this study, we firstly found that WWP2 expressed higher in newly diagnosed ALL patients comparing with complete remission (CR) ALL patients and normal control people, and WWP2 in relapse ALL patients expressed higher than normal control people. WWP2 expression was related with the FAB subtype of ALL and the proportion of blast cells in bone marrow blood tested by flow cytometry. We demonstrated knockout WWP2 inhibited the ALL growth and enhanced apoptosis induced by Dox in vitro and vivo for the first time. WWP2 negatively regulated and interacted with PARP1 and WWP2 mechanically degraded PARP1 through polyubiquitin-proteasome pathway in ALL. These findings suggested WWP2 played a role in ALL development as well as growth and apoptosis, and also displayed a regulatory pathway of PARP1, which provided a new potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Lu
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyue Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiqi Xu
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of PLA Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Saien Lu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shilong You
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qianru Zhan
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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5
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Ubiquitin ligase Triad1 promotes neurite outgrowth by inhibiting MDM2-mediated ubiquitination of the neuroprotective factor pleiotropin. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102443. [PMID: 36055408 PMCID: PMC9531182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the most severe result of spine injury, but no effective therapy exists to treat SCI. We have previously shown that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Two RING fingers and DRIL 1 (Triad1) promotes neurite outgrowth after SCI. However, the mechanism by which Triad1 affects neuron growth and the potential involvement of its ubiquitination activity is unclear. Neuroprotective cytokine pleiotrophin (PTN) can promote microglia proliferation and neurotrophic factor secretion to achieve neuroprotection. We find using immunostaining and behavioral assays in rats that the expression of Triad1 and the PTN was peaked at 1 day after SCI and Triad1 improved motor function and histomorphological injury after SCI. We show using flow cytometry and astrocyte/neuronal coculture assays that Triad1 overexpression promoted PTN protein levels, neurotrophic growth factor (NGF) expression, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, astrocyte and neuronal viability, and neurite outgrowth but suppressed astrocyte apoptosis, while shRNA-mediated knockdown of Triad1 and PTN had the opposite effects. Ubiquitin ligase murine double mutant 2 (MDM2) has previously been demonstrated to participate in the process of neurite outgrowth and mediate ubiquitination of p53. Furthermore, we demonstrate overexpression of MDM2 downregulated PTN protein levels, NGF expression and BDNF expression in astrocytes, and inhibited neurite outgrowth of neurons. In addition, MDM2 facilitated PTN ubiquitination, which was reversed by Triad1. Finally, we show simultaneous sh-PTN and MDM2 overexpression attenuated the neurite outgrowth-promoting effect of Triad1 overexpression. In conclusion, we propose Triad1 promotes astrocyte-dependent neurite outgrowth to accelerate recovery after SCI by inhibiting MDM2-mediated PTN ubiquitination.
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Geng S, Peng W, Wang X, Hu X, Liang H, Hou J, Wang F, Zhao G, Lü M, Cui H. ARIH2 regulates the proliferation, DNA damage and chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells by reducing the stability of p21 via ubiquitination. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:564. [PMID: 35732617 PMCID: PMC9218151 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ariadne homolog 2 (ARIH2) is a key member of the RING-between-RING (RBR) E3 ligase family, which is characterized by an RBR domain involved in the polyubiquitination process. However, the molecular mechanism and biological function of ARIH2 in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer remain unclear. In this paper, we found that high ARIH2 expression is correlated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients and that ARIH2 can significantly promote the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. The effect of ARIH2 knockdown on colony formation and tumorigenesis of gastric cancer cells was also shown both in vivo and in vitro. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that ARIH2 interacts with p21 and induces p21 ubiquitination, and that the K48 residue of ubiquitin and the K161 residue of p21 play key roles in ARIH2-mediated p21 ubiquitination. We identified ARIH2 as an E3 ligase of p21 by an in vitro ubiquitination assay. In addition, ARIH2 knockdown induced DNA damage, and then induced cell apoptosis and regulated the chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells after combined treatment with 5-fluorouracil. Generally, our results indicated that ARIH2 promotes the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and regulates p21 expression. These data demonstrate the need to further evaluate the potential therapeutic implications of ARIH2 in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Geng
- grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China ,grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Peng
- grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China ,grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400014 Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China ,grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Hanghua Liang
- grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China ,grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Jianbing Hou
- grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China ,grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China ,grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Gaichao Zhao
- grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China ,grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Muhan Lü
- grid.488387.8Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China ,grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
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Acute Myeloid Leukemia-Related Proteins Modified by Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-like Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010514. [PMID: 35008940 PMCID: PMC8745615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common form of an acute leukemia, is a malignant disorder of stem cell precursors of the myeloid lineage. Ubiquitination is one of the post-translational modifications (PTMs), and the ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls; SUMO, NEDD8, and ISG15) play a critical role in various cellular processes, including autophagy, cell-cycle control, DNA repair, signal transduction, and transcription. Also, the importance of Ubls in AML is increasing, with the growing research defining the effect of Ubls in AML. Numerous studies have actively reported that AML-related mutated proteins are linked to Ub and Ubls. The current review discusses the roles of proteins associated with protein ubiquitination, modifications by Ubls in AML, and substrates that can be applied for therapeutic targets in AML.
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Sharma A, Khan H, Singh TG, Grewal AK, Najda A, Kawecka-Radomska M, Kamel M, Altyar AE, Abdel-Daim MM. Pharmacological Modulation of Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathways in Oncogenic Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111971. [PMID: 34769401 PMCID: PMC8584958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is involved in regulating several biological functions, including cell cycle control, apoptosis, DNA damage response, and apoptosis. It is widely known for its role in degrading abnormal protein substrates and maintaining physiological body functions via ubiquitinating enzymes (E1, E2, E3) and the proteasome. Therefore, aberrant expression in these enzymes results in an altered biological process, including transduction signaling for cell death and survival, resulting in cancer. In this review, an overview of profuse enzymes involved as a pro-oncogenic or progressive growth factor in tumors with their downstream signaling pathways has been discussed. A systematic literature review of PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the nature of the extensive work done on modulation of ubiquitin-proteasome pathways in oncogenic signaling. Various in vitro, in vivo studies demonstrating the involvement of ubiquitin-proteasome systems in varied types of cancers and the downstream signaling pathways involved are also discussed in the current review. Several inhibitors of E1, E2, E3, deubiquitinase enzymes and proteasome have been applied for treating cancer. Some of these drugs have exhibited successful outcomes in in vivo studies on different cancer types, so clinical trials are going on for these inhibitors. This review mainly focuses on certain ubiquitin-proteasome enzymes involved in developing cancers and certain enzymes that can be targeted to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.S.); (H.K.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.S.); (H.K.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.S.); (H.K.); (A.K.G.)
- Correspondence: or (T.G.S.); (M.M.A.-D.); Tel.: +91-9815951171 (T.G.S.); +966-580192142 (M.M.A.-D.)
| | - Amarjot Kaur Grewal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.S.); (H.K.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (M.K.-R.)
| | - Małgorzata Kawecka-Radomska
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (M.K.-R.)
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed E. Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (T.G.S.); (M.M.A.-D.); Tel.: +91-9815951171 (T.G.S.); +966-580192142 (M.M.A.-D.)
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Dunphy K, Dowling P, Bazou D, O’Gorman P. Current Methods of Post-Translational Modification Analysis and Their Applications in Blood Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1930. [PMID: 33923680 PMCID: PMC8072572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) add a layer of complexity to the proteome through the addition of biochemical moieties to specific residues of proteins, altering their structure, function and/or localization. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques are at the forefront of PTM analysis due to their ability to detect large numbers of modified proteins with a high level of sensitivity and specificity. The low stoichiometry of modified peptides means fractionation and enrichment techniques are often performed prior to MS to improve detection yields. Immuno-based techniques remain popular, with improvements in the quality of commercially available modification-specific antibodies facilitating the detection of modified proteins with high affinity. PTM-focused studies on blood cancers have provided information on altered cellular processes, including cell signaling, apoptosis and transcriptional regulation, that contribute to the malignant phenotype. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of many blood cancer therapies, such as kinase inhibitors, involves inhibiting or modulating protein modifications. Continued optimization of protocols and techniques for PTM analysis in blood cancer will undoubtedly lead to novel insights into mechanisms of malignant transformation, proliferation, and survival, in addition to the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review discusses techniques used for PTM analysis and their applications in blood cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Dunphy
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, W23 F2K8 Maynooth, Ireland; (K.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, W23 F2K8 Maynooth, Ireland; (K.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Despina Bazou
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 WKW8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Peter O’Gorman
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 WKW8 Dublin, Ireland;
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Ali MS, Panuzzo C, Calabrese C, Maglione A, Piazza R, Cilloni D, Saglio G, Pergolizzi B, Bracco E. The Giant HECT E3 Ubiquitin Ligase HERC1 Is Aberrantly Expressed in Myeloid Related Disorders and It Is a Novel BCR-ABL1 Binding Partner. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020341. [PMID: 33477751 PMCID: PMC7832311 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The pathological role/s of the HERC family members has recently been initiated to be explored in few solid tumors and the assessment of their transcript amount reveals that they might act as effective prognostic factors. However, evidence concerning the non-solid tumors, and especially myeloid related neoplasms, is currently lacking. In the present article for the first time we provide original data for a clear and well-defined association between the gene expression level of a giant HERC E3 ubiquitin ligase family member, HERC1, and some myeloid related disorders, namely Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Myeloproliferative neoplasms and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Furthermore, our findings unveil that the HERC1 protein physically interacts, likely forming a very large supramolecular complex, and it is a putative BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase substrate. We hope that this work will contribute to the advance of our understanding of the roles played by the giant HERCs in myeloid related neoplasms. Abstract HERC E3 subfamily members are parts of the E3 ubiquitin ligases and key players for a wide range of cellular functions. Though the involvement of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System in blood disorders has been broadly studied, so far the role of large HERCs in this context remains unexplored. In the present study we examined the expression of the large HECT E3 Ubiquitin Ligase, HERC1, in blood disorders. Our findings revealed that HERC1 gene expression was severely downregulated both in acute and in chronic myelogenous leukemia at diagnosis, while it is restored after complete remission achievement. Instead, in Philadelphia the negative myeloproliferative neoplasm HERC1 level was peculiarly controlled, being very low in Primary Myelofibrosis and significantly upregulated in those Essential Thrombocytemia specimens harboring the mutation in the calreticulin gene. Remarkably, in CML cells HERC1 mRNA level was associated with the BCR-ABL1 kinase activity and the HERC1 protein physically interacted with BCR-ABL1. Furthermore, we found that HERC1 was directly tyrosine phosphorylated by the ABL kinase. Overall and for the first time, we provide original evidence on the potential tumor-suppressing or -promoting properties, depending on the context, of HERC1 in myeloid related blood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahzad Ali
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, Medical School, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.S.A.); (C.P.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Cristina Panuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, Medical School, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.S.A.); (C.P.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Chiara Calabrese
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, Medical School, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.S.A.); (C.P.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Alessandro Maglione
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, Medical School, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.S.A.); (C.P.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Rocco Piazza
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, Medical School, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.S.A.); (C.P.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, Medical School, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.S.A.); (C.P.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Barbara Pergolizzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, Medical School, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.S.A.); (C.P.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Enrico Bracco
- Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (E.B.)
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11
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Xiong Y, Wang Y, Ma L, Zhang Y, Qu X, Huang L, Wen X, Liu H, Zhang M, Zhang Y. Mixed-lineage leukaemia 1 contributes to endometrial stromal cells progesterone responsiveness during decidualization. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:297-308. [PMID: 33201593 PMCID: PMC7810960 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported that non‐receptive endometrium or abnormal decidualization was closely related to recurrent implantation failure (RIF). MLL1 is a histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) transferase that regulates the transcriptional activation of target genes. The role of MLL1 has been underexplored during decidualization. In our research, we found the expression of MLL1 was closely related to endometrial receptivity, and it was responsible to hormone stimulation. Inhibiting the function of MLL1 by MM102 reduced the transformation of HESCs. Furthermore, down‐regulation of MLL1 by siRNA transfection significantly decreased PGR and its target genes expression. MLL1 act as a co‐activator of ERα, and both of them were recruited to PGR regulatory regions, thus promote PGR transcription. Our study showed that MLL1 plays a key role in promoting progesterone signalling transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinlan Qu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Wang H, Shah CA, Hu L, Huang W, Platanias LC, Eklund EA. An aberrantly sustained emergency granulopoiesis response accelerates postchemotherapy relapse in MLL1-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia in mice. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9663-9675. [PMID: 32467231 PMCID: PMC7363149 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) gene rearrangement is characterized by increased expression of a set of homeodomain transcription factors, including homeobox A9 (HOXA9) and HOXA10. The target genes for these regulators include fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and Ariadne RBR E3 ubiquitin ligase 2 (ARIH2). FGF2 induces leukemia stem cell expansion in MLL1-rearranged AML. ARIH2 encodes TRIAD1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase required for termination of emergency granulopoiesis and leukemia suppressor function in MLL1-rearranged AML. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including the FGF receptor, are TRIAD1 substrates that are possibly relevant to these activities. Using transcriptome analysis, we found increased activity of innate immune response pathways and RTK signaling in bone marrow progenitors from mice with MLL1-rearranged AML. We hypothesized that sustained RTK signaling, because of decreased TRIAD1 activity, impairs termination of emergency granulopoiesis during the innate immune response and contributes to leukemogenesis in this AML subtype. Consistent with this, we found aberrantly sustained emergency granulopoiesis in a murine model of MLL1-rearranged AML, associated with accelerated leukemogenesis. Treating these mice with an inhibitor of TRIAD1-substrate RTKs terminated emergency granulopoiesis, delayed leukemogenesis during emergency granulopoiesis, and normalized innate immune responses when combined with chemotherapy. Emergency granulopoiesis also hastened postchemotherapy relapse in mice with MLL1-rearranged AML, but remission was sustained by ongoing RTK inhibition. Our findings suggest that the physiological stress of infectious challenges may drive AML progression in molecularly defined subsets and identify RTK inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach to counteract this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chirag A Shah
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Liping Hu
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Weiqi Huang
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Eklund
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA .,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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13
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Wang P, Dai X, Jiang W, Li Y, Wei W. RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:131-144. [PMID: 32442483 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RING-in-between-RING (RBR) E3 ligases are one class of E3 ligases that is characterized by the unique RING-HECT hybrid mechanism to function with E2s to transfer ubiquitin to target proteins for degradation. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that RBR E3 ligases play essential roles in neurodegenerative diseases, infection, inflammation and cancer. Accumulated evidence has revealed that RBR E3 ligases exert their biological functions in various types of cancers by modulating the degradation of tumor promoters or suppressors. Hence, we summarize the differential functions of RBR E3 ligases in a variety of human cancers. In general, ARIH1, RNF14, RNF31, RNF144B, RNF216, and RBCK1 exhibit primarily oncogenic roles, whereas ARIH2, PARC and PARK2 mainly have tumor suppressive functions. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms by which different RBR E3 ligases are involved in tumorigenesis and progression are also described. We discuss the further investigation is required to comprehensively understand the critical role of RBR E3 ligases in carcinogenesis. We hope our review can stimulate the researchers to deeper explore the mechanism of RBR E3 ligases-mediated carcinogenesis and to develop useful inhibitors of these oncogenic E3 ligases for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Xiaoming Dai
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenxiao Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuyun Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Cai S, Zhu Q, Guo C, Yuan R, Zhang X, Nie Y, Chen L, Fang Y, Chen K, Zhang J, Mo D, Chen Y. MLL1 promotes myogenesis by epigenetically regulating Myf5. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12744. [PMID: 31840352 PMCID: PMC7046306 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mixed lineage leukaemia protein‐1 (MLL1) mediates histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) trimethylation (me3) and plays vital roles during early embryonic development and hematopoiesis. In our previous study, we found its expression was positively correlated with embryonic myogenic ability in pigs, indicating its potential roles in mammalian muscle development. The present work aimed to explore the roles and regulation mechanisms of MLL1 in myogenesis. Materials and methods The expression of MLL1 in C2C12 cells was experimentally manipulated using small interfering RNAs (siRNA). 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, cell cycle assay, immunofluorescence, qRT‐PCR and Western blot were performed to assess myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was conducted to detect H3K4me3 enrichment on myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) promoter. A cardiotoxin (CTX)‐mediated muscle regeneration model was used to investigate the effects of MLL1 on myogenesis in vivo. Results MLL1 was highly expressed in proliferating C2C12 cells, and expression decreased after differentiation. Knocking down MLL1 suppressed myoblast proliferation and impaired myoblast differentiation. Furthermore, knockdown of MLL1 resulted in the arrest of cell cycle in G1 phase, with decreased expressions of Myf5 and Cyclin D1. Mechanically, MLL1 transcriptionally regulated Myf5 by mediating H3K4me3 on its promoter. In vivo data implied that MLL1 was required for Pax7‐positive satellite cell proliferation and muscle repair. Conclusion MLL1 facilitates proliferation of myoblasts and Pax7‐positive satellite cells by epigenetically regulating Myf5 via mediating H3K4me3 on its promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cilin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Renqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xumeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Luxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Keren Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Delin Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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