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Lei S, Sun J, Xie Y, Xiao X, He X, Lin S, Zhang H, Huang Z, Wang H, Wu X, Peng H, Liu J. Diverse functions of Tribbles homolog 3 in cancers and its potential as a therapeutic target. Carcinogenesis 2024; 45:527-542. [PMID: 38902892 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgae042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and potential targeted drugs and molecular pathways for cancer development and progression have been a hot research topic worldwide. In recent years, the importance of the kinase superfamily in diseases has been well demonstrated by studies on various molecular mechanisms of kinases and the successful application of their inhibitors in diseases. Pseudokinases are members of the kinase superfamily, which have been increasingly documented to play a crucial role in cancers year after year. As a member of pseudokinases, tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) also exerts diverse functions in different cancers through different interacting proteins and molecular pathways, especially in tumor immunity, stemness, drug resistance, metabolism, and autophagy. In addition, peptide drugs targeting TRIB3 have high specificity in preclinical studies, which shows great promise for TRIB3 application in diseases including cancers. In this review, we dissect diverse functions played by TRIB3 in different cancers, describing the underlying mechanisms in detail. Notably, inhibitors and agonists currently available for TRIB3 are discussed, indicating the potential for TRIB3 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Lei
- The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jiajun Sun
- The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yifang Xie
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiao
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Xiaofeng He
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zineng Huang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Haiqin Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Xusheng Wu
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China
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Petrovic A, Jovanovic I, Stojanovic B, Dimitrijevic Stojanovic M, Stojanovic BS, Jurisevic M, Simovic Markovic B, Jovanovic M, Jovanovic M, Jovanovic M, Gajovic N. Harnessing Metformin's Immunomodulatory Effects on Immune Cells to Combat Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5869. [PMID: 38892058 PMCID: PMC11172298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a medication known for its anti-glycemic properties, also demonstrates potent immune system activation. In our study, using a 4T1 breast cancer model in BALB/C WT mice, we examined metformin's impact on the functional phenotype of multiple immune cells, with a specific emphasis on natural killer T (NKT) cells due to their understudied role in this context. Metformin administration delayed the appearance and growth of carcinoma. Furthermore, metformin increased the percentage of IFN-γ+ NKT cells, and enhanced CD107a expression, as measured by MFI, while decreasing PD-1+, FoxP3+, and IL-10+ NKT cells in spleens of metformin-treated mice. In primary tumors, metformin increased the percentage of NKp46+ NKT cells and increased FasL expression, while lowering the percentages of FoxP3+, PD-1+, and IL-10-producing NKT cells and KLRG1 expression. Activation markers increased, and immunosuppressive markers declined in T cells from both the spleen and tumors. Furthermore, metformin decreased IL-10+ and FoxP3+ Tregs, along with Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in spleens, and in tumor tissue, it decreased IL-10+ and FoxP3+ Tregs, Gr-1+, NF-κB+, and iNOS+ MDSCs, and iNOS+ dendritic cells (DCs), while increasing the DCs quantity. Additionally, increased expression levels of MIP1a, STAT4, and NFAT in splenocytes were found. These comprehensive findings illustrate metformin's broad immunomodulatory impact across a variety of immune cells, including stimulating NKT cells and T cells, while inhibiting Tregs and MDSCs. This dynamic modulation may potentiate its use in cancer immunotherapy, highlighting its potential to modulate the tumor microenvironment across a spectrum of immune cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andjela Petrovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojan Stojanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milica Dimitrijevic Stojanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana S Stojanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milena Jurisevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana Simovic Markovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milan Jovanovic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihailo Jovanovic
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Clinical Center, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Gajovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Reza R, Morshed N, Samdani MN, Reza MS. Pharmacophore mapping approach to find anti-cancer phytochemicals with metformin-like activities against transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor I kinase: An in silico study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288208. [PMID: 37943796 PMCID: PMC10635513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The most frequently prescribed first-line treatment for type II diabetes mellitus is metformin. Recent reports asserted that this diabetes medication can also shield users from cancer. Metformin induces cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism by which this occurs in the cancer system is yet to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the impact of metformin on cell cycle arrest in cancer cells utilizing transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta pathway. TGF-ß pathway has significant effect on cell progression and growth. In order to gain an insight on the underlying molecular mechanism of metformin's effect on TGF beta receptor 1 kinase, molecular docking was performed. Metformin was predicted to interact with transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor I kinase based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, pharmacophore was generated for metformin-TGF-ßR1 complex to hunt for novel compounds having similar pharmacophore as metformin with enhanced anti-cancer potentials. Virtual screening with 29,000 natural compounds from NPASS database was conducted separately for the generated pharmacophores in Ligandscout® software. Pharmacophore mapping showed 60 lead compounds for metformin-TGF-ßR1 complex. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation for 100 ns and ADMET analysis were performed on these compounds. Compounds with CID 72473, 10316977 and 45140078 showed promising binding affinities and formed stable complexes during dynamics simulation with aforementioned protein and thus have potentiality to be developed into anti-cancer medicaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumman Reza
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Niaz Morshed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Selim Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Hijazi MA, Gessner A, El-Najjar N. Repurposing of Chronically Used Drugs in Cancer Therapy: A Chance to Grasp. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3199. [PMID: 37370809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advancement in drug discovery for cancer therapy, drug repurposing remains an exceptional opportunistic strategy. This approach offers many advantages (faster, safer, and cheaper drugs) typically needed to overcome increased challenges, i.e., side effects, resistance, and costs associated with cancer therapy. However, not all drug classes suit a patient's condition or long-time use. For that, repurposing chronically used medications is more appealing. This review highlights the importance of repurposing anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive drugs in the global fight against human malignancies. Extensive searches of all available evidence (up to 30 March 2023) on the anti-cancer activities of anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive agents are obtained from multiple resources (PubMed, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, Drug Bank database, ReDo database, and the National Institutes of Health). Interestingly, more than 92 clinical trials are evaluating the anti-cancer activity of 14 anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive drugs against more than 15 cancer types. Moreover, some of these agents have reached Phase IV evaluations, suggesting promising official release as anti-cancer medications. This comprehensive review provides current updates on different anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive classes possessing anti-cancer activities with the available evidence about their mechanism(s) and stage of development and evaluation. Hence, it serves researchers and clinicians interested in anti-cancer drug discovery and cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Ali Hijazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5020, Lebanon
| | - André Gessner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nahed El-Najjar
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Seo DS, Joo S, Baek S, Kang J, Kwon TK, Jang Y. Metformin Resistance Is Associated with Expression of Inflammatory and Invasive Genes in A549 Lung Cancer Cells. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051014. [PMID: 37239373 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin, the most commonly used drug for type 2 diabetes, has recently been shown to have beneficial effects in patients with cancer. Despite growing evidence that metformin can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, studies on drug resistance and its side effects are lacking. Here, we aimed to establish metformin-resistant A549 human lung cancer cells (A549-R) to determine the side effects of metformin resistance. Toward this, we established A549-R by way of prolonged treatment with metformin and examined the changes in gene expression, cell migration, cell cycle, and mitochondrial fragmentation. Metformin resistance is associated with increased G1-phase cell cycle arrest and impaired mitochondrial fragmentation in A549 cells. We demonstrated that metformin resistance highly increased the expression of proinflammatory and invasive genes, including BMP5, CXCL3, VCAM1, and POSTN, using RNA-seq analysis. A549-R exhibited increased cell migration and focal adhesion formation, suggesting that metformin resistance may potentially lead to metastasis during anti-cancer therapy with metformin. Taken together, our findings indicate that metformin resistance may lead to invasion in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Soo Seo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Joo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Baek
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyeon Kang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Jang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
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The functions and molecular mechanisms of Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) implicated in the pathophysiology of cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109581. [PMID: 36527874 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, cancer ranks as the second leading cause of death worldwide, and at the same time, the burden of cancer continues to increase. The underlying molecular pathways involved in the initiation and development of cancer are the subject of considerable research worldwide. Further understanding of these pathways may lead to new cancer treatments. Growing data suggest that Tribble's homolog 3 (TRIB3) is essential in oncogenesis in many types of cancer. The mammalian tribbles family's proteins regulate various cellular and physiological functions, such as the cell cycle, stress response, signal transduction, propagation, development, differentiation, immunity, inflammatory processes, and metabolism. To exert their activities, Tribbles proteins must alter key signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways. Recent evidence supports that TRIB3 dysregulation has been linked to various diseases, including tumor development and chemoresistance. It has been speculated that TRIB3 may either promote or inhibit the onset and development of cancer. However, it is still unclear how TRIB3 performs this dual function in cancer. In this review, we present and discuss the most recent data on the role of TRIB3 in cancer pathophysiology and chemoresistance. Furthermore, we describe in detail the molecular mechanism TRIB3 regulates in cancer.
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7
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Shang S, Liu J, Hua F. Protein acylation: mechanisms, biological functions and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:396. [PMID: 36577755 PMCID: PMC9797573 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is involved in the pathogenesis of not only cancers but also neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases. With the progress of metabonomics and proteomics, metabolites have been found to affect protein acylations through providing acyl groups or changing the activities of acyltransferases or deacylases. Reciprocally, protein acylation is involved in key cellular processes relevant to physiology and diseases, such as protein stability, protein subcellular localization, enzyme activity, transcriptional activity, protein-protein interactions and protein-DNA interactions. Herein, we summarize the functional diversity and mechanisms of eight kinds of nonhistone protein acylations in the physiological processes and progression of several diseases. We also highlight the recent progress in the development of inhibitors for acyltransferase, deacylase, and acylation reader proteins for their potential applications in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Shang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fang Hua
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, P.R. China
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Anestopoulos I, Kyriakou S, Tragkola V, Paraskevaidis I, Tzika E, Mitsiogianni M, Deligiorgi MV, Petrakis G, Trafalis DT, Botaitis S, Giatromanolaki A, Koukourakis MI, Franco R, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Targeting the epigenome in malignant melanoma: Facts, challenges and therapeutic promises. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108301. [PMID: 36283453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer with high rates of mortality. Although current treatment options provide a short-clinical benefit, acquired-drug resistance highlights the low 5-year survival rate among patients with advanced stage of the disease. In parallel, the involvement of an aberrant epigenetic landscape, (e.g., alterations in DNA methylation patterns, histone modifications marks and expression of non-coding RNAs), in addition to the genetic background, has been also associated with the onset and progression of melanoma. In this review article, we report on current therapeutic options in melanoma treatment with a focus on distinct epigenetic alterations and how their reversal, by specific drug compounds, can restore a normal phenotype. In particular, we concentrate on how single and/or combinatorial therapeutic approaches have utilized epigenetic drug compounds in being effective against malignant melanoma. Finally, the role of deregulated epigenetic mechanisms in promoting drug resistance to targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors is presented leading to the development of newly synthesized and/or improved drug compounds capable of targeting the epigenome of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Anestopoulos
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - S Kyriakou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - V Tragkola
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - I Paraskevaidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - E Tzika
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - M V Deligiorgi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G Petrakis
- Saint George Hospital, Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - D T Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - S Botaitis
- Department of Surgery, Alexandroupolis University Hospital, Democritus University of Thrace School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - A Giatromanolaki
- Department of Pathology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - M I Koukourakis
- Radiotherapy / Oncology, Radiobiology & Radiopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - R Franco
- Redox Biology Centre, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - A Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - M I Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Kim HM, Kang MJ, Song SO. Metformin and Cervical Cancer Risk in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Study in Korea. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:929-937. [PMID: 36604960 PMCID: PMC9816509 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2022.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Cervical cancer is a prevalent malignancy that is a major health problem for women worldwide. The cancer-preventive properties of metformin are well-known, but insufficient data have been reported regarding its relationship to cervical cancer. Therefore, in a nationwide population-based study, we investigated the association between metformin use and cervical cancer incidence in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used the Korean National Health Insurance claims database. Individuals newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes between January 2005 and December 2009 were included. The occurrence of cervical cancer was explored by matching for age, economic status, region of residence, and use of anti-diabetic medication. RESULTS In total, 66,013 metformin users and 64,756 non-users were analyzed. Cervical cancer occurred in 219 metformin users (0.33%) and 274 metformin non-users (0.42%) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.783; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.655 to 0.036; P=0.007). Moreover, cervical cancer risk was considerably reduced in those treated with a high dose (>1,200,000 mg) or for an extended period (≥2,000 days) compared to non-users (HR, 0.151; 95% CI, 0.093 to 0.243; P<0.001; and HR, 0.141; 95% CI, 0.077 to 0.258; P<0.001). The incidence was also significantly lower in metformin users among those over 50 years old (HR, 0.791; 95% CI, 0.650 to 0.961; P<0.001). CONCLUSION Metformin use in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes was associated with a lower risk of cervical cancer in Korea. Furthermore, a significant association was found between the use of metformin and cervical cancer in a dose- and duration-dependent manner and among those over 50 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Min Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jin Kang
- Research Institute of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sun Ok Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
- Corresponding author: Sun Ok Song. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, 100 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10444, Korea Tel: +82-31-900-3470, Fax: +82-31-900-0519, E-mail:
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10
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Metformin as a Potential Antitumor Agent. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2022-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Some recent findings suggest that metformin, an oral antidiabetic drug, may have antitumor properties. Studies have shown that metformin can alter cell metabolism, both tumor and immune cells, which can greatly influence disease outcome. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms in which metformin can directly induce apoptosis of tumor cells as well as mechanisms in which metformin can elicit or enhance antitumor immune response.
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11
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TRIB3 Interacts with STAT3 to Promote Cancer Angiogenesis. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:932-940. [PMID: 36245025 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is a key regulator of angiogenesis, which is a hallmark of cancer that promotes cancer growth and metastasis. It is of great significance to find new intervention targets and related regulatory mechanisms of VEGFA related angiogenesis for the treatment of tumors. This study focuses on the role of tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/VEGFA signaling axis in colon cancer angiogenesis. METHODS This study investigated the expression level of TRIB3 in colon cancer through database analysis and tissue microarray analysis. The effect of TRIB3 on proliferation, migration and tube formation ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was further confirmed by CCK8 assay, scratch-wound assay/migration assay and tube formation assay respectively. The regulatory relationship of TRIB3/VEGFA signaling axis was identified by qPCR and Western blotting, which was further confirmed through animal experiments, and the specific regulatory mechanism was explored by immunoprecipitation (IP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with colon cancer cell lines. RESULTS TRIB3 was increased in colon cancer tissues compared to normal tissues, and elevated TRIB3 expression indicated a poor prognosis in colon cancer patients. Moreover, it was found that silencing TRIB3 could inhibit cancer angiogenesis, whereas overexpressing TRIB3 promoted cancer angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, TRIB3 physically interacted with STAT3 and enhanced STAT3-mediated transcriptional activity. Furthermore, the function of TRIB3 in cancer angiogenesis was through cooperating with STAT3 to increase the VEGFA expression. CONCLUSION Our study provides insights into cancer angiogenesis and offers a potential therapeutic strategy for TRIB3-overexpressed cancer.
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Lian GY, Wan Y, Mak TSK, Wang QM, Zhang J, Chen J, Wang ZY, Li M, Tang PMK, Huang XR, Lee CS, Yu XQ, Lan HY. Self-carried nanodrug (SCND-SIS3): A targeted therapy for lung cancer with superior biocompatibility and immune boosting effects. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121730. [PMID: 35995622 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a well-known key mediator for the progression and metastasis of lung carcinoma. However, cost-effective anti-TGF-β therapeutics for lung cancer remain to be explored. Specifically, the low efficacy in drug delivery greatly limits the clinical application of small molecular inhibitors of TGF-β. In the present study, specific inhibitor of Smad3 (SIS3) is developed into a self-carried nanodrug (SCND-SIS3) using the reprecipitation method, which largely improves its solubility and bioavailability while reduces its nephrotoxicity. Compared to unmodified-SIS3, SCND-SIS3 demonstrates better anti-cancer effects through inducing tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis, and boosting NK cell-mediated immune responses in syngeneic Lewis Lung Cancer (LLC) mouse model. Better still, it could achieve comparable anti-cancer effect with just one-fifth the dose of unmodified-SIS3. Mechanistically, RNA-sequencing analysis and cytokine array results unveil a TGF-β/Smad3-dependent immunoregulatory landscape in NK cells. In particular, SCND-SIS3 promotes NK cell cytotoxicity by ameliorating Smad3-mediated transcriptional inhibition of Ndrg1. Furthermore, improved NK cell cytotoxicity by SCND-SIS3 is associated with higher expression of activation receptor Nkp46, and suppressed levels of Trib3 and TSP1 as compared with unmodified-SIS3. Taken together, SCND-SIS3 possesses superior anti-cancer effects with enhanced bioavailability and biocompatibility, therefore representing as a novel therapeutic strategy for lung carcinoma with promising clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yu Lian
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Research Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, and Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingpeng Wan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thomas Shiu-Kwong Mak
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qing-Ming Wang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiaoyi Chen
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Research Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, and Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Xue-Qing Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Research Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, and Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Research Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, and Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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13
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Kumbhar P, Kole K, Yadav T, Bhavar A, Waghmare P, Bhokare R, Manjappa A, Jha NK, Chellappan DK, Shinde S, Singh SK, Dua K, Salawi A, Disouza J, Patravale V. Drug repurposing: An emerging strategy in alleviating skin cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 926:175031. [PMID: 35580707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer. Several million people are estimated to have affected with this condition worldwide. Skin cancer generally includes melanoma and non-melanoma with the former being the most dangerous. Chemotherapy has been one of the key therapeutic strategies employed in the treatment of skin cancer, especially in advanced stages of the disease. It could be also used as an adjuvant with other treatment modalities depending on the type of skin cancer. However, there are several shortfalls associated with the use of chemotherapy such as non-selectivity, tumour resistance, life-threatening toxicities, and the exorbitant cost of medicines. Furthermore, new drug discovery is a lengthy and costly process with minimal likelihood of success. Thus, drug repurposing (DR) has emerged as a new avenue where the drug approved formerly for the treatment of one disease can be used for the treatment of another disease like cancer. This approach is greatly beneficial over the de novo approach in terms of time and cost. Moreover, there is minimal risk of failure of repurposed therapeutics in clinical trials. There are a considerable number of studies that have reported on drugs repurposed for the treatment of skin cancer. Thus, the present manuscript offers a comprehensive overview of drugs that have been investigated as repurposing candidates for the efficient treatment of skin cancers mainly melanoma and its oncogenic subtypes, and non-melanoma. The prospects of repurposing phytochemicals against skin cancer are also discussed. Furthermore, repurposed drug delivery via topical route and repurposed drugs in clinical trials are briefed. Based on the findings from the reported studies discussed in this manuscript, drug repurposing emerges to be a promising approach and thus is expected to offer efficient treatment at a reasonable cost in devitalizing skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Popat Kumbhar
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Kapil Kole
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Tejashree Yadav
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Ashwini Bhavar
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Pramod Waghmare
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Rajdeep Bhokare
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Arehalli Manjappa
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sunita Shinde
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Disouza
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India.
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India.
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14
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Metformin and Cancer, an Ambiguanidous Relationship. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050626. [PMID: 35631452 PMCID: PMC9144507 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of energetic and cellular metabolism is a signature of cancer cells. Thus, drugs targeting cancer cell metabolism may have promising therapeutic potential. Previous reports demonstrate that the widely used normoglycemic agent, metformin, can decrease the risk of cancer in type 2 diabetics and inhibit cell growth in various cancers, including pancreatic, colon, prostate, ovarian, and breast cancer. While metformin is a known adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist and an inhibitor of the electron transport chain complex I, its mechanism of action in cancer cells as well as its effect on cancer metabolism is not clearly established. In this review, we will give an update on the role of metformin as an antitumoral agent and detail relevant evidence on the potential use and mechanisms of action of metformin in cancer. Analyzing antitumoral, signaling, and metabolic impacts of metformin on cancer cells may provide promising new therapeutic strategies in oncology.
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15
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Yang H, Chen S, Zheng D, Liu X, Jiang Q, Chen Y. Metformin Ameliorates Chronic Colitis-Related Intestinal Fibrosis via Inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad3 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:887497. [PMID: 35645830 PMCID: PMC9136141 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.887497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is considered to be a chronic complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and seriously threatening human health. Effective medical therapies or preventive measures are desirable but currently unavailable. Metformin has been proved to have a satisfactory anti-inflammatory effects in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Whether metformin can ameliorate chronic colitis-related intestinal fibrosis and the possible mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we established colitis-related intestinal fibrosis in mice by repetitive administration of TNBS or DSS. Preventive and therapeutic administration of metformin to chronic TNBS or DSS colitis mice indicated that metformin significantly attenuated intestinal fibrosis by suppressing Smad3 phosphorylation. In vitro studies with human colon fibroblast cell line (CCD-18Co) and primary human intestinal fibroblast treated with TGF-β1 confirmed the anti-fibrotic function of metformin for fibroblast activation, proliferation and collagen production. Mechanistically, metformin particularly inhibited phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad3 by blocking the interaction of Smad3 with TβRI. These findings suggest that metformin will be an attractive anti-fibrotic drug for intestinal fibrosis in future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiping Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuze Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dekai Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinrui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Chen,
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16
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Aspirin Suppressed PD-L1 Expression through Suppressing KAT5 and Subsequently Inhibited PD-1 and PD-L1 Signaling to Attenuate OC Development. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4664651. [PMID: 35392432 PMCID: PMC8983188 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4664651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a frequently occurred malignancy with high incidence and poor survival worldwide. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibition that targets PD-1/PD-L1 axis has become an efficient and popular therapy for cancers. Aspirin (ASP), an anti-inflammatory drug, exhibits a wide spectrum of biological functions including anticancer property. However, the role of ASP treatment in ovarian cancer treatment remains unclear. In this work, we explored the role of ASP in modulating PD-L1 signaling during OC development. Notably, in vitro experiments showed that ASP treatment caused repressed proliferation of OC cells. The results from in vivo xenograft model suggested suppressed tumor growth and tumor weight under ASP treatment. ASP treatment also caused downregulated PD-L1 and Ki-67 levels in mice tumors. Moreover, the IFN-γ-caused PD-L1 accumulation was inhibited by ASP treatment. The administration of ASP decreased the expression of PD-L1 of OC cells in a coculture system with activated T cell or unstimulated PBMCs, along with decreased expression of PD-1 by activated T cells. ASP reversed PD-L1 expression caused by coculture with activated T cells and abolished the suppressed T cells activation and proliferation. Analysis on molecular mechanisms revealed that KAT5 bonded to the promoter region of PD-L1 and upregulated its expression via enhancing histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac), whereas ASP downregulated KAT5 expression and blocked this phenomenon. Moreover, ASP enhanced the effect of antiPD-L1 therapy in the in vivo tumor model. Hence, we proposed that ASP decreased expression of PD-L1 protein via inhibiting the epigenetic regulation by KAT5 and suppressed the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling to attenuate tumor growth. ASP may be a promising adjuvant in OC immunotherapy.
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17
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Huang C, Hu F, Song D, Sun X, Liu A, Wu Q, She X, Chen Y, Chen L, Hu F, Xu F, Luo X, Feng Y, Yang X, Hu J, Wang G. Smad3 methylation by EZH2 promotes its activation and tumor metastasis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:152394. [PMID: 35085106 PMCID: PMC8884901 DOI: 10.1172/jci152394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SMAD3 plays a central role in cancer metastasis, and its hyperactivation is linked to poor cancer outcomes. Thus, it is critical to understand the upstream signaling pathways that govern SMAD3 activation. Here, we report that SMAD3 underwent methylation at K53 and K333 (K53/K333) by EZH2, a process crucial for cell membrane recruitment, phosphorylation, and activation of SMAD3 upon TGFB1 stimulation. Mechanistically, EZH2-triggered SMAD3 methylation facilitated SMAD3 interaction with its cellular membrane localization molecule (SARA), which in turn sustained SMAD3 phosphorylation by the TGFB receptor. Pathologically, increased expression of EZH2 expression resulted in the accumulation of SMAD3 methylation to facilitate SMAD3 activation. EZH2-mediated SMAD3 K53/K333 methylation was upregulated and correlated with SMAD3 hyperactivation in breast cancer, promoted tumor metastasis, and was predictive of poor survival outcomes. We used 2 TAT peptides to abrogate SMAD3 methylation and therapeutically inhibit cancer metastasis. Collectively, these findings reveal the complicated layers involved in the regulation of SMAD3 activation coordinated by EZH2-mediated SMAD3 K53/K333 methylation to drive cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Huang
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuqing Hu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Da Song
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuling Sun
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anyi Liu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaowei She
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqi Chen
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lisheng Chen
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fayong Hu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Xu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuelai Luo
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongdong Feng
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangping Yang
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junbo Hu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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18
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Chen Q, Zeng Y, Yang X, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang S, Zhong Y, Chen M. Resveratrol ameliorates myocardial fibrosis by regulating Sirt1/Smad3 deacetylation pathway in rat model with dilated cardiomyopathy. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:17. [PMID: 35081907 PMCID: PMC8793224 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Resveratrol (RSV) in rats with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods Porcine cardiac myosin was used to set up rat model with DCM. RSV (10 mg/kg in RSV-L group and 50 mg/kg in RSV-H group) or vehicle was administered to rats with DCM once daily from the 28th day till the 90th day after the first immunization. Cardiac function of rats was evaluated by echocardiographic analysis. The deposition of fibrous tissues in the hearts was evaluated by Masson and picrosirius red staining. The mRNA levels of collagen type I (Col I), collagen type III (Col III) and silence information regulator 1 (Sirt1) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The interaction of Sirt1 with Smad3 was revealed by coimmunoprecipitation. Results The heart weight, heart weight/body weight ratio, left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) were significantly increased in rats with DCM, and attenuated by RSV. RSV also positively decreased fibrosis, and the expression of Col I and Col III in the myocardium. The Sirt1 mRNA was significantly decreased in myosin-immunized hearts and was positively increased by RSV. The Sirt1 combined with Smad3 directly. Acetylation of Smad3 (Ac-Smad3) was significantly increased in DCM and was markedly decreased by RSV. Conclusion RSV effectively ameliorated myocardial fibrosis and improved cardiac function by regulating Sirt1/Smad3 deacetylation pathway in rat model with DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China.
| | - Yu Zeng
- Xiamen Maternal and Pediatric Hospital, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated To Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Xiulin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, 350012, China
| | - Shirong Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Yameng Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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19
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Yu B, Luo F, Sun B, Liu W, Shi Q, Cheng S, Chen C, Chen G, Li Y, Feng H. KAT6A Acetylation of SMAD3 Regulates Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Recruitment, Metastasis, and Immunotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100014. [PMID: 34392614 PMCID: PMC8529494 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant SMAD3 activation has been implicated as a driving event in cancer metastasis, yet the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Here, SMAD3 is identified as a nonhistone substrate of lysine acetyltransferase 6A (KAT6A). The acetylation of SMAD3 at K20 and K117 by KAT6A promotes SMAD3 association with oncogenic chromatin modifier tripartite motif-containing 24 (TRIM24) and disrupts SMAD3 interaction with tumor suppressor TRIM33. This event in turn promotes KAT6A-acetylated H3K23-mediated recruitment of TRIM24-SMAD3 complex to chromatin and thereby increases SMAD3 activation and immune response-related cytokine expression, leading to enhanced breast cancer stem-like cell stemness, myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) recruitment, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis. Inhibiting KAT6A in combination with anti-PD-L1 therapy in treating TNBC xenograft-bearing animals markedly attenuates metastasis and provides a significant survival benefit. Thus, the work presents a KAT6A acetylation-dependent regulatory mechanism governing SMAD3 oncogenic function and provides insight into how targeting an epigenetic factor with immunotherapies enhances the antimetastasis efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesRenji‐Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research CenterRen Ji HospitalShanghai Cancer InstituteSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Fei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesRenji‐Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research CenterRen Ji HospitalShanghai Cancer InstituteSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Bowen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesRenji‐Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research CenterRen Ji HospitalShanghai Cancer InstituteSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Wenxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesRenji‐Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research CenterRen Ji HospitalShanghai Cancer InstituteSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Qiqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesRenji‐Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research CenterRen Ji HospitalShanghai Cancer InstituteSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Shi‐Yuan Cheng
- Department of NeurologyLou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor InstituteThe Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterSimpson Querrey Institute for EpigeneticsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL60611USA
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650223China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesRenji‐Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research CenterRen Ji HospitalShanghai Cancer InstituteSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Yanxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of HealthDepartment of Hematology and OncologyShanghai Children's Medical CenterSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Haizhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesRenji‐Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research CenterRen Ji HospitalShanghai Cancer InstituteSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
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20
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Xu L, Qin Y, Liu M, Jiao J, Tu D, Zhang M, Yan D, Song X, Sun C, Zhu F, Wang X, Sang W, Xu K. The Acetyltransferase KAT5 Inhibitor NU 9056 Promotes Apoptosis and Inhibits JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in Extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1530-1540. [PMID: 34503423 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210908103306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is an aggressive malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with a poor prognosis. Therefore, novel therapeutic biomarkers and agents must be identified for the same. KAT5 inhibitor, NU 9056, is a small molecule that can inhibit cellular proliferation; however, its role in ENKTL has not been studied. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the effect of NU 9056 in ENKTL cells and explored the possible molecular mechanism for its antitumour effect. METHODS The role of NU 9056 in ENKTL cells was investigated through the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, Western blot, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS NU 9056 inhibited ENKTL cell proliferation and induced G2/M phase arrest. NU 9056 also induced apoptosis by upregulating DR4, DR5, and caspase 8 expressions. Additionally, NU 9056 increased the expression of Bax, Bid, and cytochrome C and decreased the expression of Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and XIAP. Furthermore, NU 9056 activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inhibited the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway was also activated by NU 9056, and the ERK signalling pathway was suppressed in natural killer/T cell lymphoma cells. CONCLUSION NU 9056 inhibited cell proliferation, arrested cell cycle in the G2/M phase, and induced apoptosis through the stimulation of ER stress, thus inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway and regulating MAPK pathways in ENKTL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu. China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu. China
| | - Mengdi Liu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu. China
| | - Jun Jiao
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu. China
| | - Dongyun Tu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu. China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu. China
| | - Xuguang Song
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu. China
| | - Cai Sun
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu. China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu. China
| | - Xiangmin Wang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu. China
| | - Wei Sang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu. China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu. China
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Yang R, Wang Z, Li J, Pi X, Gao R, Ma J, Qing Y, Zhou S. The Identification of the Metabolism Subtypes of Skin Cutaneous Melanoma Associated With the Tumor Microenvironment and the Immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:707677. [PMID: 34458265 PMCID: PMC8397464 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.707677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a highly aggressive and resistant cancer with immense metabolic heterogeneity. Here, we performed a comprehensive examination of the diverse metabolic signatures of SKCM based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) categorization, clustering SKCM into three distinct metabolic subtypes (C1, C2, and C3). Next, we evaluated the metadata sets of the metabolic signatures, prognostic values, transcriptomic features, tumor microenvironment signatures, immune infiltration, clinical features, drug sensitivity, and immunotherapy response of the subtypes and compared them with those of prior publications for classification. Subtype C1 was associated with high metabolic activity, low immune scores, and poor prognosis. Subtype C2 displayed low metabolic activity, high immune infiltration, high stromal score, and high expression of immune checkpoints, demonstrating the drug sensitivity to PD-1 inhibitors. The C3 subtype manifested moderate metabolic activity, high enrichment in carcinogenesis-relevant pathways, high levels of CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and poor prognosis. Eventually, a 90-gene classifier was produced to implement the SKCM taxonomy and execute a consistency test in different cohorts to validate its reliability. Preliminary validation was performed to ascertain the role of SLC7A4 in SKCM. These results indicated that the 90-gene signature can be replicated to stably identify the metabolic classification of SKCM. In this study, a novel SKCM classification approach based on metabolic gene expression profiles was established to further understand the metabolic diversity of SKCM and provide guidance on precisely targeted therapy to patients with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery and Skin Regeneration, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Zhengguang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiehua Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaobing Pi
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Runxing Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Qing
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sitong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
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22
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Xu A, Lee J, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Li X, Xu P. Potential effect of EGCG on the anti-tumor efficacy of metformin in melanoma cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:548-562. [PMID: 34269008 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, has been recognized as a potential anti-tumor agent in recent years. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), as the dominant catechin in green tea, is another promising adjuvant agent for tumor prevention. In the present work, the potential effect of EGCG on the anti-tumor efficacy of metformin in a mouse melanoma cell line (B16F10) was investigated. Results indicated that EGCG and metformin exhibited a synergistic effect on cell viability, migration, and proliferation, as well as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/nuclear factor-κB (STAT3/NF-κB) pathway signaling and the production of inflammation cytokines. Meanwhile, the combination showed an antagonistic effect on cell apoptosis and oxidative stress levels. The combination of EGCG and metformin also differentially affected the nucleus (synergism) and cytoplasm (antagonism) of B16F10 cells. Our findings provide new insight into the potential effects of EGCG on the anti-tumor efficacy of metformin in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- An'an Xu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jeehyun Lee
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yueling Zhao
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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23
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Lu G, Wu Z, Shang J, Xie Z, Chen C, Zhang C. The effects of metformin on autophagy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111286. [PMID: 33524789 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the first-line option for treating newly diagnosed diabetic patients and also involved in other pharmacological actions, including antitumor effect, anti-aging effect, polycystic ovarian syndrome prevention, cardiovascular action, and neuroprotective effect, etc. However, the mechanisms of metformin actions were not fully illuminated. Recently, increasing researches showed that autophagy is a vital medium of metformin playing pharmacological actions. Nevertheless, results on the effects of metformin on autophagy were inconsistent. Apart from few clinical evidences, more data focused on kinds of no-clinical models. First, many studies showed that metformin could induce autophagy via a number of signaling pathways, including AMPK-related signaling pathways (e.g. AMPK/mTOR, AMPK/CEBPD, MiTF/TFE, AMPK/ULK1, and AMPK/miR-221), Redd1/mTOR, STAT, SIRT, Na+/H+ exchangers, MAPK/ERK, PK2/PKR/AKT/ GSK3β, and TRIB3. Secondly, some signaling pathways were involved in the process of metformin inhibiting autophagy, such as AMPK-related signaling pathways (AMPK/NF-κB and other undetermined AMPK-related signaling pathways), Hedgehog, miR-570-3p, miR-142-3p, and MiR-3127-5p. Thirdly, two types of signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT/mTOR and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress could bidirectionally impact the effectiveness of metformin on autophagy. Finally, multiple signal pathways were reviewed collectively in terms of affecting the effectiveness of metformin on autophagy. The pharmacological effects of metformin combining its actions on autophagy were also discussed. It would help better apply metformin to treat diseases in term of mediating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Lu
- School of Business, Henan University, Henan, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Henan, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jia Shang
- School of Kaifeng Culture and Tourism, Henan, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Henan, Kaifeng, Jinming Avenue, 475004, China.
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Henan, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Chuning Zhang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Henan, Kaifeng, China
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Cortés H, Reyes-Hernández OD, Alcalá-Alcalá S, Bernal-Chávez SA, Caballero-Florán IH, González-Torres M, Sharifi-Rad J, González-Del Carmen M, Figueroa-González G, Leyva-Gómez G. Repurposing of Drug Candidates for Treatment of Skin Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:605714. [PMID: 33489912 PMCID: PMC7821387 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.605714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers are highly prevalent malignancies that affect millions of people worldwide. These include melanomas and nonmelanoma skin cancers. Melanomas are among the most dangerous cancers, while nonmelanoma skin cancers generally exhibit a more benign clinical pattern; however, they may sometimes be aggressive and metastatic. Melanomas typically appear in body regions exposed to the sun, although they may also appear in areas that do not usually get sun exposure. Thus, their development is multifactorial, comprising endogenous and exogenous risk factors. The management of skin cancer depends on the type; it is usually based on surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. In this respect, oncological treatments have demonstrated some progress in the last years; however, current therapies still present various disadvantages such as little cell specificity, recurrent relapses, high toxicity, and increased costs. Furthermore, the pursuit of novel medications is expensive, and the authorization for their clinical utilization may take 10-15 years. Thus, repositioning of drugs previously approved and utilized for other diseases has emerged as an excellent alternative. In this mini-review, we aimed to provide an updated overview of drugs' repurposing to treat skin cancer and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Octavio D. Reyes-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio Alcalá-Alcalá
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Sergio A. Bernal-Chávez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Isaac H. Caballero-Florán
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Maykel González-Torres
- CONACyT-Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | - Gabriela Figueroa-González
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenética, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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TRIB3 promotes MYC-associated lymphoma development through suppression of UBE3B-mediated MYC degradation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6316. [PMID: 33298911 PMCID: PMC7725785 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MYC is deregulated in almost all human cancers, especially in aggressive lymphomas, through chromosomal translocation, amplification, and transcription hyperactivation. Here, we report that high expression of tribbles homologue 3 (TRIB3) positively correlates with elevated MYC expression in lymphoma specimens; TRIB3 deletion attenuates the initiation and progression of MYC-driven lymphoma by reducing MYC expression. Mechanistically, TRIB3 interacts with MYC to suppress E3 ubiquitin ligase UBE3B-mediated MYC ubiquitination and degradation, which enhances MYC transcriptional activity, causing high proliferation and self-renewal of lymphoma cells. Use of a peptide to disturb the TRIB3-MYC interaction together with doxorubicin reduces the tumor burden in MycEμ mice and patient-derived xenografts. The pathophysiological relevance of UBE3B, TRIB3 and MYC is further demonstrated in human lymphoma. Our study highlights a key mechanism for controlling MYC expression and a potential therapeutic option for treating lymphomas with high TRIB3-MYC expression. c-MYC is often deregulated in human cancers including lymphomas. Here, the authors show that a member of the pseudokinase family, tribbles homologue 3 (TRIB3), interacts with c-MYC to suppress c-MYC ubiquitination and degradation, leading to increased proliferation and self-renewal of lymphoma cells.
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26
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Li Z, Rasmussen LJ. TIP60 in aging and neurodegeneration. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101195. [PMID: 33091598 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modification of chromatin, including histone methylation and acetylation, plays critical roles in eukaryotic cells and has a significant impact on chromatin structure/accessibility, gene regulation and, susceptibility to aging, neurodegenerative disease, cancer, and other age-related diseases. This article reviews the current advances on TIP60/KAT5, a major histone acetyltransferase with diverse functions in eukaryotes, with emphasis on its regulation of autophagy, proteasome-dependent protein turnover, RNA transcription, DNA repair, circadian rhythms, learning and memory, and other neurological functions implicated in aging and neurodegeneration. Moreover, the promising therapeutic potential of TIP60 is discussed to target Alzheimer's disease and other neurological diseases.
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27
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Li K, Wang F, Yang ZN, Cui B, Li PP, Li ZY, Hu ZW, Zhu HH. PML-RARα interaction with TRIB3 impedes PPARγ/RXR function and triggers dyslipidemia in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:10326-10340. [PMID: 32929351 PMCID: PMC7481410 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dyslipidemia commonly occurs in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in response to anti-APL therapy, the underlying mechanism and the lipid statuses of patients with newly diagnosed APL remain to be addressed. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to investigate the lipid profiles of APL patients. PML-RARα transgenic mice and APL cells-transplanted mice were used to assess the effects of APL cells on the blood/liver lipid levels. Subsequently, gene set enrichment analysis, western blot and dual luciferase reporter assay were performed to examine the role and mechanism of PML-RARα and TRIB3 in lipid metabolism regulation in APL patients at pretreatment and after induction therapy. Results: APL patients exhibited a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia before anti-APL therapy based on a retrospective study. Furthermore, APL cells caused secretion of triglycerides, cholesterol, and PCSK9 from hepatocytes and degradation of low-density lipoprotein receptors in hepatocytes, which elevated the lipid levels in APL cell-transplanted mice and Pml-Rarα transgenic mice. Mechanistically, pseudokinase TRIB3 interacted with PML-RARα to inhibit PPARγ activity by interfering with the interaction of PPARγ and RXR and promoting PPARγ degradation. Thus, reduced PPARγ activity in APL cells decreased leptin but increased resistin expression, causing lipid metabolism disorder in hepatocytes and subsequent dyslipidemia in mice. Although arsenic/ATRA therapy degraded PML-RARα and restored PPARγ expression, it exacerbated dyslipidemia in APL patients. The elevated TRIB3 expression in response to arsenic/ATRA therapy suppressed PPARγ activity by disrupting the PPARγ/RXR dimer, which resulted in dyslipidemia in APL patients undergoing therapy. Indeed, the PPAR activator not only enhanced the anti-APL effects of arsenic/ATRA by suppressing TRIB3 expression but also reduced therapy-induced dyslipidemia in APL patients. Conclusion: Our work reveals the critical role of the PML-RARα/PPARγ/TRIB3 axis in the development of dyslipidemia in APL patients, potentially conferring a rationale for combining ATRA/arsenic with the PPAR activator for APL treatment.
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MicroRNA-21-Enriched Exosomes as Epigenetic Regulators in Melanomagenesis and Melanoma Progression: The Impact of Western Lifestyle Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082111. [PMID: 32751207 PMCID: PMC7464294 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA mutation-induced activation of RAS-BRAF-MEK-ERK signaling associated with intermittent or chronic ultraviolet (UV) irradiation cannot exclusively explain the excessive increase of malignant melanoma (MM) incidence since the 1950s. Malignant conversion of a melanocyte to an MM cell and metastatic MM is associated with a steady increase in microRNA-21 (miR-21). At the epigenetic level, miR-21 inhibits key tumor suppressors of the RAS-BRAF signaling pathway enhancing proliferation and MM progression. Increased MM cell levels of miR-21 either result from endogenous upregulation of melanocytic miR-21 expression or by uptake of miR-21-enriched exogenous exosomes. Based on epidemiological data and translational evidence, this review provides deeper insights into environmentally and metabolically induced exosomal miR-21 trafficking beyond UV-irradiation in melanomagenesis and MM progression. Sources of miR-21-enriched exosomes include UV-irradiated keratinocytes, adipocyte-derived exosomes in obesity, airway epithelium-derived exosomes generated by smoking and pollution, diet-related exosomes and inflammation-induced exosomes, which may synergistically increase the exosomal miR-21 burden of the melanocyte, the transformed MM cell and its tumor environment. Several therapeutic agents that suppress MM cell growth and proliferation attenuate miR-21 expression. These include miR-21 antagonists, metformin, kinase inhibitors, beta-blockers, vitamin D, and plant-derived bioactive compounds, which may represent new options for the prevention and treatment of MM.
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29
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TRIB3 destabilizes tumor suppressor PPARα expression through ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation in acute myeloid leukemia. Life Sci 2020; 257:118021. [PMID: 32621919 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) is emerging as a multifunctional oncoprotein associated with various cellular events in different tumors. However, the regulatory mechanism of TRIB3 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms and uncover the functions of TRIB3 in AML. METHODS Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR were used to analyze the expression levels of TRIB3, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), apoptosis markers and autophagy markers in AML cells. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell apoptosis. The interaction of TRIB3 and PPARα was evaluated by immunofluorescence, coimmunoprecipitation, and in vivo ubiquitination assays. KEY FINDINGS We demonstrated that downregulating TRIB3 in leukemic cells effectively induced apoptosis and autophagy by regulating the degradation of PPARα. Mechanistically, TRIB3 interacted with PPARα and contributed to its destabilization by promoting its ubiquitination. When PPARα was activated by its specific agonist clofibrate, the apoptosis and autophagy of AML cells were significantly enhanced. These results were confirmed by rescue experiments. Blocking PPARα expression using the PPARα inhibitor GW6471 reversed the functional influence of TRIB3 on AML cells. SIGNIFICANCE The aim of this study is to provide evidence of the degradation of PPARα by TRIB3 via ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. This process meditates the progression of AML and prolongs the survival of leukemic cells. As a result, these data indicate that TRIB3 is a novel and promising therapeutic target for AML treatment.
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Zhao B, Luo J, Yu T, Zhou L, Lv H, Shang P. Anticancer mechanisms of metformin: A review of the current evidence. Life Sci 2020; 254:117717. [PMID: 32339541 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, a US Food and Drug Administration-approved "star" drug used for diabetes mellitus type 2, has become a topic of increasing interest to researchers due to its anti-neoplastic effects. Growing evidence has demonstrated that metformin may be a promising chemotherapeutic agent, and several clinical trials of metformin use in cancer treatment are ongoing. However, the anti-neoplastic effects of metformin and its underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we present the newest findings on the anticancer activities of metformin, and highlight its diverse anticancer mechanisms. Several clinical trials, as well as the limitations of the current evidence are also demonstrated. This review explores the crucial roles of metformin and provides supporting evidence for the repurposing of metformin as a treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Tongyao Yu
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Huanhuan Lv
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
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31
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Zhou S, Liu S, Lin C, Li Y, Ye L, Wu X, Jian Y, Dai Y, Ouyang Y, Zhao L, Liu M, Song L, Xi M. TRIB3 confers radiotherapy resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by stabilizing TAZ. Oncogene 2020; 39:3710-3725. [PMID: 32157210 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Radioresistance becomes the major obstacle to reduce tumor recurrence and improve prognosis in the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Thus new strategies for radioresistant ESCC are urgently needed. Herein, we reported that tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3) serves as a key regulator of radioresistance in ESCC. TRIB3 is overexpressed in ESCC tissues and cell lines. High expression of TRIB3 significantly correlates with poor radiotherapy response and prognosis in ESCC patients. Upregulation of TRIB3 in ESCC cells conferred radioresistance in vitro and in vivo by interacting with TAZ thus impeding β-TrCP-mediated TAZ ubiquitination and degradation. Conversely, silencing TRIB3 sensitized ESCC cells to ionizing radiation. More importantly, TRIB3 was significantly correlated with TAZ activation in ESCC biopsies, and patients with high expression of both TRIB3 and TAZ suffered the worst radiotherapy response and survival. Our study uncovers the critical mechanism of ESCC resistance to radiotherapy, and provides a new pharmacological opportunity for developing a mechanism-based strategy to eliminate radioresistant ESCC in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chuyong Lin
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Liping Ye
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xianqiu Wu
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yunting Jian
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuhu Dai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-senUniversity, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ying Ouyang
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Mengzhong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Libing Song
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Mian Xi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Abstract
Metformin is a widely used biguanide drug due to its safety and low cost. It has been used for over 60 years to treat type 2 diabetes at the early stages because of its outstanding ability to decrease plasma glucose levels. Over time, different uses of metformin were discovered, and the benefits of metformin for various diseases and even aging were verified. These diseases include cancers (e.g., breast cancer, endometrial cancer, bone cancer, colorectal cancer, and melanoma), obesity, liver diseases, cardiovascular disease, and renal diseases. Metformin exerts different effects through different signaling pathways. However, the underlying mechanisms of these different benefits remain to be elucidated. The aim of this review is to provide a brief summary of the benefits of metformin and to discuss the possible underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziquan Lv
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yajie Guo
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yajie Guo
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Zhang X, Zhong N, Li X, Chen MB. TRIB3 promotes lung cancer progression by activating β-catenin signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 863:172697. [PMID: 31562867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
TRIB3 roles in tumor progression have been revealed with similar or opposite results. Here, we found that TRIB3 expression was highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and correlated with tumor grades and metastasis. Functional experiments showed that TRIB3 knockdown (KD) inhibited lung cancer cell migration, invasion, EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) process and stemness. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that TRIB3 physically interacted with β-catenin and increased the recruitment of β-catenin to the promoter region of genes regulated by Wnt. Re-activation of β-catenin attenuated the inhibition of TRIB3 KD on lung cancer progression. These results suggest that TRIB3 interacts with β-catenin and thus activates β-catenin signaling, which is responsible for lung cancer progression, and blocking TRIB3 activity might be developed to treat lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Zhang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, PR China
| | - Ning Zhong
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, PR China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215300, PR China
| | - Min-Bin Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunsan, 215300, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Tóth KF, Ádám D, Bíró T, Oláh A. Cannabinoid Signaling in the Skin: Therapeutic Potential of the "C(ut)annabinoid" System. Molecules 2019; 24:E918. [PMID: 30845666 PMCID: PMC6429381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has lately been proven to be an important, multifaceted homeostatic regulator, which influences a wide-variety of physiological processes all over the body. Its members, the endocannabinoids (eCBs; e.g., anandamide), the eCB-responsive receptors (e.g., CB₁, CB₂), as well as the complex enzyme and transporter apparatus involved in the metabolism of the ligands were shown to be expressed in several tissues, including the skin. Although the best studied functions over the ECS are related to the central nervous system and to immune processes, experimental efforts over the last two decades have unambiguously confirmed that cutaneous cannabinoid ("c[ut]annabinoid") signaling is deeply involved in the maintenance of skin homeostasis, barrier formation and regeneration, and its dysregulation was implicated to contribute to several highly prevalent diseases and disorders, e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, scleroderma, acne, hair growth and pigmentation disorders, keratin diseases, various tumors, and itch. The current review aims to give an overview of the available skin-relevant endo- and phytocannabinoid literature with a special emphasis on the putative translational potential, and to highlight promising future research directions as well as existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Fanni Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Dorottya Ádám
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- HCEMM Nonprofit Ltd., 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Metformin Treatment Suppresses Melanoma Cell Growth and Motility Through Modulation of microRNA Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020209. [PMID: 30754729 PMCID: PMC6406940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer with high mortality in advanced stages. Metformin is an oral biguanide drug used for diabetes and has demonstrated positive effects on cancer prevention and treatment. Herein, we found that metformin significantly suppressed melanoma cancer cell motility and growth through inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and promoting cell apoptosis. Using the next-generation sequencing approach, we identified three upregulated microRNAs (miRNA; miR-192-5p, miR-584-3p, and miR-1246) in melanoma cells treated with metformin. Among these, we examined the roles of miR-192-5p and miR-584-3p and discovered that they significantly suppressed melanoma cell motility. Furthermore, they inhibited melanoma cell growth through destroying cell cycle progression and inducing cell apoptosis. Using microarray and bioinformatics approaches for identifying putative target genes, Epidermal growth factor (EGF) containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1) gene for miR-192-5p and an isoform of the secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMP3) gene for miR-584-3p could be silenced through targeting their 3′UTR region directly. EFEMP1 and SCAMP3 knockdown significantly suppressed melanoma cell growth, but only EFEMP1 knockdown inhibited its motility abilities. Our findings indicated that miR-192-5p and miR-584-3p might contribute to metformin-induced growth and motility suppression in melanoma cells through silencing their target genes EFEMP1 and SCAMP3.
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Hua F, Shang S, Yang YW, Zhang HZ, Xu TL, Yu JJ, Zhou DD, Cui B, Li K, Lv XX, Zhang XW, Liu SS, Yu JM, Wang F, Zhang C, Huang B, Hu ZW. TRIB3 Interacts With β-Catenin and TCF4 to Increase Stem Cell Features of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells and Tumorigenesis. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:708-721.e15. [PMID: 30365932 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Activation of Wnt signaling to β-catenin contributes to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Expression of tribbles pseudo-kinase 3 (TRIB3) is increased in some colorectal tumors and associated with poor outcome. We investigated whether increased TRIB3 expression promotes stem cell features of CRC cells and tumor progression by interacting with the Wnt signaling pathway. METHODS We performed studies with C57BL/6J-ApcMin/J mice injected with an adeno-associated virus vector that expresses a small hairpin RNA against Trib3 mRNA (ApcMin/J-Trib3KD) or a control vector (ApcMin/J-Ctrl). We created BALB/c mice that overexpress TRIB3 from an adeno-associated virus vector and mice with small hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of β-catenin. The mice were given azoxymethane followed by dextran sodium sulfate to induce colitis-associated cancer. Intestinal tissues were collected and analyzed by histology, gene expression profiling, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5)-positive (LGR5Pos) and LGR5-negative (LGR5Neg) HCT-8 CRC cells, with or without knockdown or transgenic expression of TRIB3, were sorted and analyzed in sphere-formation assays. We derived organoids from human and mouse colorectal tumors to analyze the function of TRIB3 and test the effect of a peptide inhibitor. Wnt signaling to β-catenin was analyzed in dual luciferase reporter, chromatin precipitation, immunofluorescence, and immunoblot assays. Proteins that interact with TRIB3 were identified by immunoprecipitation. CRC cell lines were grown in nude mice as xenograft tumors. RESULTS At 10 weeks of age, more than half the ApcMin/J-Ctrl mice developed intestinal high-grade epithelial neoplasia, whereas ApcMin/J-Trib3KD mice had no intestinal polyps and normal histology. Colon tissues from ApcMin/J-Trib3KD mice expressed lower levels of genes regulated by β-catenin and genes associated with cancer stem cells. Mice with overexpression of Trib3 developed more tumors after administration of azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate than BALB/c mice. Mice with knockdown of β-catenin had a lower tumor burden after administration of azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate, regardless of Trib3 overexpression. Intestinal tissues from mice with overexpression of Trib3 and knockdown of β-catenin did not have activation of Wnt signaling or expression of genes regulated by β-catenin. LGR5Pos cells sorted from HCT-8 cells expressed higher levels of TRIB3 than LGR5Neg cells. CRC cells that overexpressed TRIB3 had higher levels of transcription by β-catenin and formed larger spheroids than control CRC cells; knockdown of β-catenin prevented the larger organoid size caused by TRIB3 overexpression. TRIB3 interacted physically with β-catenin and transcription factor 4 (TCF4). TRIB3 overexpression increased, and TRIB3 knockdown decreased, recruitment of TCF4 and β-catenin to the promoter region of genes regulated by Wnt. Activated β-catenin increased expression of TRIB3, indicating a positive-feedback loop. A peptide (P2-T3A6) that bound β-catenin disrupted its interaction with TRIB3 and TCF4. In primary CRC cells and HCT-8 cells, P2-T3A6 decreased expression of genes regulated by β-catenin and genes associated with cancer stem cells and decreased cell viability and migration. Injection of C57BL/6J-ApcMin/J mice with P2-T3A6 decreased the number and size of tumor nodules and colon expression of genes regulated by β-catenin. P2-T3A6 increased 5-fluorouracil-induced death of CRC cells and survival times of mice with xenograft tumors. CONCLUSION TRIB3 interacts with β-catenin and TCF4 in intestine cells to increase expression of genes associated with cancer stem cells. Knockdown of TRIB3 decreases colon neoplasia in mice, migration of CRC cells, and their growth as xenograft tumors in mice. Strategies to block TRIB3 activity might be developed for treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hua
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Shang
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Wei Yang
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Zeng Zhang
- Institute of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Lei Xu
- Institute of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Yu
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Cui
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xi Lv
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Mei Yu
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Huang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Wei Hu
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Varghese S, Samuel SM, Varghese E, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. High Glucose Represses the Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effect of Metformin in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E16. [PMID: 30626087 PMCID: PMC6359242 DOI: 10.3390/biom9010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin, the most widely prescribed anti-diabetic drug, is shown to possess anti-cancer potential in treatment of cancers, including breast cancer; decreases breast cancer risk; and improves overall survival. However, reports suggest that higher glucose concentrations may negatively impact the anti-cancer efficacy of metformin. Therefore, we examined the anti-cancer potential of metformin in triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs) exposed to different glucose (25 mM, 5.5 mM and zero glucose/glucose-starved) conditions. Our data indicates that a high glucose (25 mM) concentration (mimicking diabetes) significantly abrogated the effect of metformin on cell proliferation, cell death and cell cycle arrest in addition to loss of efficacy in inhibition of the mTOR pathway, a key metabolic pathway in TNBC cells. The mTOR pathway is activated in TNBCs compared to other subtypes of breast cancer, regulates the synthesis of proteins that are critical for the growth and survival of cancer cells and its activation is correlated to poor outcomes among TNBC patients, while also contributing to metastatic progression and development of resistance to chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Our studies were performed in two different types of TNBCs, MDA-MB-231 cells (mesenchymal stem cell-like (MSL)) and MDA-MB-468 (basal like-1 (BL-1)). Interestingly, lower concentrations of metformin (50, 100, 250, and 500 μM) significantly increased cell proliferation in 25 mM glucose exposed MDA-MB-231 cells, an effect which was not observed in MDA-MB-468 cells, indicating that the effective concentration of metformin when used as anti-cancer drug in TNBCs may have to be determined based on cell type and blood glucose concentration. Our data indicates that metformin treatment was most effective under zero glucose/glucose-starved conditions in MDA-MB-468 with a significant increase in the apoptotic population (62.3 ± 1.5%; p-value < 0.01). Under 5.5 mM glucose conditions in both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells our data showed reduced viability of 73.56 ± 2.53%; p-value < 0.05 and 70.49 ± 1.68%; p-value < 0.001, respectively, along with a significant increase in apoptotic populations of both cell types. Furthermore, metformin (2 mM) inhibited the mTOR pathway and its downstream components under zero glucose/glucose-starved conditions indicating that using metformin in combination with agents that inhibit the glycolytic pathway should be more beneficial for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancers in diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
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38
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Abstract
Metformin is the most common biguanide used in the treatment of diabetes, with 120 million treated patients worldwide. Metformin decreases hyperglycemia without inducing hypoglycemia in diabetic patients and is very well tolerated. The principal effects of metformin are to decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis and increase glucose absorption by skeletal muscles. These effects are primarily due to metformin's action on mitochondria, which requires the activation of metabolic checkpoint AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is implicated in several pathways, and following metformin activation, it decreases protein synthesis and cell proliferation. Many studies have examined the role of metformin in the regulation of cancer cells, particularly its effects on cancer cell proliferation and cell death. Encouraging results have been obtained in different types of cancers, including prostate, breast, lung, and skin cancers (melanoma). Furthermore, many retrospective epidemiological studies in diabetes patients have shown that metformin treatment decreased the risk of cancers compared with other antidiabetic treatments. In this review, we will discuss the effects of metformin on melanoma cells. Together, our novel data demonstrate the importance of developing metformin and new biguanide-derived compounds as potential treatments against a number of different cancers, particularly melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Jaune
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - Stéphane Rocchi
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France
- *Correspondence: Stéphane Rocchi
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