1
|
Cautereels C, Smets J, De Saeger J, Cool L, Zhu Y, Zimmermann A, Steensels J, Gorkovskiy A, Jacobs TB, Verstrepen KJ. Orthogonal LoxPsym sites allow multiplexed site-specific recombination in prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1113. [PMID: 38326330 PMCID: PMC10850332 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Site-specific recombinases such as the Cre-LoxP system are routinely used for genome engineering in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Importantly, recombinases complement the CRISPR-Cas toolbox and provide the additional benefit of high-efficiency DNA editing without generating toxic DNA double-strand breaks, allowing multiple recombination events at the same time. However, only a handful of independent, orthogonal recombination systems are available, limiting their use in more complex applications that require multiple specific recombination events, such as metabolic engineering and genetic circuits. To address this shortcoming, we develop 63 symmetrical LoxP variants and test 1192 pairwise combinations to determine their cross-reactivity and specificity upon Cre activation. Ultimately, we establish a set of 16 orthogonal LoxPsym variants and demonstrate their use for multiplexed genome engineering in both prokaryotes (E. coli) and eukaryotes (S. cerevisiae and Z. mays). Together, this work yields a significant expansion of the Cre-LoxP toolbox for genome editing, metabolic engineering and other controlled recombination events, and provides insights into the Cre-LoxP recombination process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Cautereels
- VIB Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- CMPG Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Department M2S, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Jolien Smets
- VIB Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- CMPG Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Department M2S, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Jonas De Saeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lloyd Cool
- VIB Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- CMPG Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Department M2S, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yanmei Zhu
- VIB Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- CMPG Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Department M2S, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Anna Zimmermann
- VIB Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- CMPG Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Department M2S, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Jan Steensels
- VIB Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- CMPG Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Department M2S, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Anton Gorkovskiy
- VIB Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- CMPG Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Department M2S, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Thomas B Jacobs
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin J Verstrepen
- VIB Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, 3001, Belgium.
- CMPG Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Department M2S, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Acosta J, Li Q, Freeburg NF, Murali N, Indeglia A, Grothusen GP, Cicchini M, Mai H, Gladstein AC, Adler KM, Doerig KR, Li J, Ruiz-Torres M, Manning KL, Stanger BZ, Busino L, Murphy M, Wan L, Feldser DM. p53 restoration in small cell lung cancer identifies a latent cyclophilin-dependent necrosis mechanism. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4403. [PMID: 37479684 PMCID: PMC10362054 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor regulates multiple context-dependent tumor suppressive programs. Although p53 is mutated in ~90% of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumors, how p53 mediates tumor suppression in this context is unknown. Here, using a mouse model of SCLC in which endogenous p53 expression can be conditionally and temporally regulated, we show that SCLC tumors maintain a requirement for p53 inactivation. However, we identify tumor subtype heterogeneity between SCLC tumors such that p53 reactivation induces senescence in a subset of tumors, while in others, p53 induces necrosis. We pinpoint cyclophilins as critical determinants of a p53-induced transcriptional program that is specific to SCLC tumors and cell lines poised to undergo p53-mediated necrosis. Importantly, inhibition of cyclophilin isomerase activity, or genetic ablation of specific cyclophilin genes, suppresses p53-mediated necrosis by limiting p53 transcriptional output without impacting p53 chromatin binding. Our study demonstrates that intertumoral heterogeneity in SCLC influences the biological response to p53 restoration, describes a cyclophilin-dependent mechanism of p53-regulated cell death, and uncovers putative mechanisms for the treatment of this most-recalcitrant tumor type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonuelle Acosta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qinglan Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nelson F Freeburg
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nivitha Murali
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra Indeglia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Grant P Grothusen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle Cicchini
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hung Mai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy C Gladstein
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keren M Adler
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine R Doerig
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Torres
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly L Manning
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luca Busino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maureen Murphy
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Liling Wan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David M Feldser
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu H, Zhong W, Zhang R, Ding Y, Qu C, Lai K, Pang Z, Yin S, Zhang G, Chen S. G-quadruplex-enhanced circular single-stranded DNA (G4-CSSD) adsorption of miRNA to inhibit colon cancer progression. Cancer Med 2023; 12:9774-9787. [PMID: 36855796 PMCID: PMC10166891 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal heterogeneity leads to the abnormal expression and mutation of tumor-specific genes. Drugs targeting oncogenes have been extensively developed. However, given the random mutation of tumor suppressor genes, the development of its targeted drugs is difficult. METHODS Our early research revealed that artificial circular single-stranded DNA (CSSD) can restore multiple tumor suppressor genes to inhibit tumor malignant progression by adsorbing miRNA. Here, we improved CSSD to a fully closed single-stranded DNA with G quadruplex DNA secondary structure (G4-CSSD), which made G4-CSSD with higher acquisition rate and decreased degradation. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Human Protein Atlas database were used to predict tumour suppressor genes in colon cancer. Cellular and animal experiments were performed to validate the role of G4-CSSD in cancer cell progression. RESULTS In colon cancer, we observed the simultaneous low expressions of chloride channel accessory 1 (CLCA1), UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 6 (B3GNT6) and UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member A3 (UGT2A3), which indicated an favourable prognosis. After repressing miR-590-3p with G4-CSSD590, the upregulation of CLCA1, B3GNT6 and UGT2A3 inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS This study may provide basis for new treatment methods for colon cancer by restoration of tumor suppressor genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuping Ding
- Gastroenterology Department of Medical Center of CAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunhua Qu
- Department of outpatient and emergency, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Keguan Lai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Pang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Yin
- OBiO Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Guangling Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seliger B, Massa C. Modulation of Lymphocyte Functions in the Microenvironment by Tumor Oncogenic Pathways. Front Immunol 2022; 13:883639. [PMID: 35663987 PMCID: PMC9160824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the broad application of different immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of solid as well as hematopoietic cancers, the efficacy of these therapies is still limited, with only a minority of patients having a long-term benefit resulting in an improved survival rate. In order to increase the response rates of patients to the currently available immunotherapies, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the intrinsic and/or extrinsic resistance to treatment is required. There exist increasing evidences that activation of different oncogenic pathways as well as inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) in tumor cells inhibit the immune cell recognition and influegnce the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME), thus leading to an impaired anti-tumoral immune response. A deeper understanding of the link between the tumor milieu and genomic alterations of TSGs and oncogenes is indispensable for the optimization of immunotherapies and to predict the patients’ response to these treatments. This review summarizes the role of different cancer-related, oncogene- and TSG-controlled pathways in the context of anti-tumoral immunity and response to different immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chiara Massa
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
LKB1 drives stasis and C/EBP-mediated reprogramming to an alveolar type II fate in lung cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1090. [PMID: 35228570 PMCID: PMC8885825 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
LKB1 is among the most frequently altered tumor suppressors in lung adenocarcinoma. Inactivation of Lkb1 accelerates the growth and progression of oncogenic KRAS-driven lung tumors in mouse models. However, the molecular mechanisms by which LKB1 constrains lung tumorigenesis and whether the cancer state that stems from Lkb1 deficiency can be reverted remains unknown. To identify the processes governed by LKB1 in vivo, we generated an allele which enables Lkb1 inactivation at tumor initiation and subsequent Lkb1 restoration in established tumors. Restoration of Lkb1 in oncogenic KRAS-driven lung tumors suppressed proliferation and led to tumor stasis. Lkb1 restoration activated targets of C/EBP transcription factors and drove neoplastic cells from a progenitor-like state to a less proliferative alveolar type II cell-like state. We show that C/EBP transcription factors govern a subset of genes that are induced by LKB1 and depend upon NKX2-1. We also demonstrate that a defining factor of the alveolar type II lineage, C/EBPα, constrains oncogenic KRAS-driven lung tumor growth in vivo. Thus, this key tumor suppressor regulates lineage-specific transcription factors, thereby constraining lung tumor development through enforced differentiation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Antitumor effects of a covalent cyclin-dependent kinase 7 inhibitor in colorectal cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 30:466-474. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
7
|
Marioni G, Ottaviano G, de Filippis C, Fasanaro E, Randon B, Meneghesso S, Giacomelli L, Astolfi L, Blandamura S. Nuclear expression of onco-suppressors nm23-H1 and maspin are associated with lower recurrence rate in laryngeal carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol 2019; 40:224-229. [PMID: 30683471 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main aim of the study was to preliminarily investigate the possibly related role of nuclear onco-suppressors maspin and nm23-H1, a metastasis suppressor, in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Maspin expression pattern and nuclear nm23-H1 expression were ascertained in 62 consecutive LSCCs. RESULTS Recurrence rate was significantly lower in patients with a nuclear maspin pattern of expression; nuclear nm23-H1 expression was significantly lower in patients who experienced disease recurrence. Disease free survival (DFS) was significantly longer in patients with maspin nuclear pattern or with nuclear nm23-H1 expression ≥10%. A significant association was found between nuclear nm23-H1 expression and maspin pattern of expression in LSCC. KNN discriminant analysis considered N status, maspin sub-cellular localization and nuclear nm23-H1 expression. The selected variables' accuracy in terms of relapse was 82%. Positive predictive accuracy was 100%, and negative predictive accuracy 79%. CONCLUSIONS Nuclear nm23-H1 expression and maspin pattern, also in association, show promise as recurrence indicators in LSCC. Further studies are needed to shed more light on the nm23-H1 mechanism of action in LSCC and thus find ways to restore nm23-H1 loss. These preliminary findings suggest that re-activating maspin functions might represent an important goal in the treatment of advanced LSCC.
Collapse
|
8
|
Xue C, Xiao S, Ouyang CH, Li CC, Gao ZH, Shen ZF, Wu ZS. Inverted mirror image molecular beacon-based three concatenated logic gates to detect p53 tumor suppressor gene. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1051:179-186. [PMID: 30661615 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of p53 tumor suppressor gene represents one of the early molecular events in tumor initiation and progression. Although molecular computing holds tremendous potential with important applications in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of human diseases at the molecular level, designing molecular logic gates to implement cascade amplification via operating autonomously for the detection of point mutations still remains challenging. In this contribution, we developed a three concatenated logic gates (TCLG) to perform multiple strand displacement amplification (m-SDA) for screening the cancer-related point mutations only via designing an innovative molecular beacon (MB). Specifically, using p53 gene as model target, extending the two ends of a MB via adding two fragments with the same sequence achieves two unique terminal single-stranded (ss) overhangs. After self-folding of MB into hairpin structure, the two overhangs exhibit a near inverted mirror image (IM) relationship if taking the base nature and direction into account. For this, the probe is called IM-MB. Because cascade SDAs can occur on IM-MB and promote each other, the target gene can be detected down to 10 pM. Along this line, the TCLG circuit was proposed, and two primers and target gene serve as the indispensable input signals. Utilizing this logic circuit, the point mutation or absence of target gene can be sensitively screened. Moreover, its potential application in the recognition of point mutations in complex biomatrix has been demonstrated via blind test. The proof-of-concept scheme is expected to provide new insight into the development of DNA-based molecular logic gates and their applications in basic research, medical diagnosis and precise treatment and treatment of genetic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xue
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shuai Xiao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of Functional Nucleic Acids and Personalized Cancer Theranostics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Chang-He Ouyang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Cong-Cong Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Gao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of Functional Nucleic Acids and Personalized Cancer Theranostics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zhi-Fa Shen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of Functional Nucleic Acids and Personalized Cancer Theranostics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zai-Sheng Wu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|