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Shen Y, Li W, Zhou Z, Xu J, Li Y, Li H, Zheng X, Liu S, Zhang XB, Yuan L. Dual-Locked Fluorescent Probes Activated by Aminopeptidase N and the Tumor Redox Environment for High-Precision Imaging of Tumor Boundaries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406332. [PMID: 38781113 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Clear delineation of tumor margins is essential for accurate resection and decreased recurrence rate in the clinic. Fluorescence imaging is emerging as a promising alternative to traditional visual inspection by surgeons for intraoperative imaging. However, traditional probes lack accuracy in tumor diagnosis, making it difficult to depict tumor boundaries accurately. Herein, we proposed an offensive and defensive integration (ODI) strategy based on the "attack systems (invasive peptidase) and defense systems (reductive microenvironment)" of multi-dimensional tumor characteristics to design activatable fluorescent probes for imaging tumor boundaries precisely. Screened out from a series of ODI strategy-based probes, ANQ performed better than traditional probes based on tumor unilateral correlation by distinguishing between tumor cells and normal cells and minimizing false-positive signals from living metabolic organs. To further improve the signal-to-background ratio in vivo, derivatized FANQ, was prepared and successfully applied to distinguish orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma tissues from adjacent tissues in mice models and clinical samples. This work highlights an innovative strategy to develop activatable probes for rapid diagnosis of tumors and high-precision imaging of tumor boundaries, providing more efficient tools for future clinical applications in intraoperative assisted resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zhixuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Junchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/ Central Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Sulai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/ Central Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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2
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Chu X, Tian W, Ning J, Xiao G, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Zhai Z, Tanzhu G, Yang J, Zhou R. Cancer stem cells: advances in knowledge and implications for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:170. [PMID: 38965243 PMCID: PMC11224386 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-renewal and continuous proliferation, lead to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and maintain tumor heterogeneity. Cancer continues to be a significant global disease burden. In the past, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were the main cancer treatments. The technology of cancer treatments continues to develop and advance, and the emergence of targeted therapy, and immunotherapy provides more options for patients to a certain extent. However, the limitations of efficacy and treatment resistance are still inevitable. Our review begins with a brief introduction of the historical discoveries, original hypotheses, and pathways that regulate CSCs, such as WNT/β-Catenin, hedgehog, Notch, NF-κB, JAK/STAT, TGF-β, PI3K/AKT, PPAR pathway, and their crosstalk. We focus on the role of CSCs in various therapeutic outcomes and resistance, including how the treatments affect the content of CSCs and the alteration of related molecules, CSCs-mediated therapeutic resistance, and the clinical value of targeting CSCs in patients with refractory, progressed or advanced tumors. In summary, CSCs affect therapeutic efficacy, and the treatment method of targeting CSCs is still difficult to determine. Clarifying regulatory mechanisms and targeting biomarkers of CSCs is currently the mainstream idea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Chu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wentao Tian
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jiaoyang Ning
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yunqi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhuofan Zhai
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Guilong Tanzhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China.
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3
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Zhao H, Ling Y, He J, Dong J, Mo Q, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yu H, Tang C. Potential targets and therapeutics for cancer stem cell-based therapy against drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 74:101084. [PMID: 38640592 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common digestive malignancyin the world, which is frequently diagnosed at late stage with a poor prognosis. For most patients with advanced HCC, the therapeutic options arelimiteddue to cancer occurrence of drug resistance. Hepatic cancer stem cells (CSCs) account for a small subset of tumor cells with the ability of self-renewal and differentiationin HCC. It is widely recognized that the presence of CSCs contributes to primary and acquired drug resistance. Therefore, hepatic CSCs-targeted therapy is considered as a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance and improve therapeutic outcome in HCC. In this article, we review drug resistance in HCC and provide a summary of potential targets for CSCs-based therapy. In addition, the development of CSCs-targeted therapeuticsagainst drug resistance in HCC is summarized in both preclinical and clinical trials. The in-depth understanding of CSCs-related drug resistance in HCC will favor optimization of the current therapeutic strategies and gain encouraging therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Zhao
- Department of Radiology, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuhang Ling
- Central Laboratory, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Hepatology, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinling Dong
- Department of Hepatology, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qinliang Mo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Central Laboratory, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Hepatology, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongbin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chengwu Tang
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, First affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Zhang W, Blank A, Kremenetskaia I, Nitzsche A, Acker G, Vajkoczy P, Brandenburg S. CD13 expression affects glioma patient survival and influences key functions of human glioblastoma cell lines in vitro. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:369. [PMID: 38519889 PMCID: PMC10960415 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
CD13 (APN) is an Alanyl-Aminopeptidase with diverse functions. The role of CD13 for gliomas is still unknown. In this study, data of glioma patients obtained by TCGA and CGGA databases were used to evaluate the survival rate and prognostic value of CD13 expression level. Protein expression of CD13 was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining of fresh patient tissues. Eight human glioblastoma cell lines were studied by RT-PCR, Western Blot, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry to define CD13 expression. Cell lines with different CD13 expression status were treated with a CD13 inhibitor, bestatin, and examined by MTT, scratch and colony formation assaysas well as by apoptosis assay and Western Blots. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that patients with high expression of CD13 had poor survival and prognosis. Additionally, CD13 protein expression was positively associated with clinical malignant characteristics. Investigated glioblastoma cell lines showed distinct expression levels and subcellular localization of CD13 with intracellular enrichment. Bestatin treatment reduced proliferation, migration and colony formation of glioma cells in a CD13-dependent manner while apoptosis was increased. In summary, CD13 has an impact on glioma patient survival and is important for the main function of specific glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Zhang
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Blank
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Kremenetskaia
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Nitzsche
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Güliz Acker
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Susan Brandenburg
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Behboudi E, Nooreddin Faraji S, Daryabor G, Mohammad Ali Hashemi S, Asadi M, Edalat F, Javad Raee M, Hatam G. SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms of cell tropism in various organs considering host factors. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26577. [PMID: 38420467 PMCID: PMC10901034 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A critical step in the drug design for SARS-CoV-2 is to discover its molecular targets. This study comprehensively reviewed the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, exploring host cell tropism and interaction targets crucial for cell entry. The findings revealed that beyond ACE2 as the primary entry receptor, alternative receptors, co-receptors, and several proteases such as TMPRSS2, Furin, Cathepsin L, and ADAM play critical roles in virus entry and subsequent pathogenesis. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 displays tropism in various human organs due to its diverse receptors. This review delves into the intricate details of receptors, host proteases, and the involvement of each organ. Polymorphisms in the ACE2 receptor and mutations in the spike or its RBD region contribute to the emergence of variants like Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron, impacting the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. The challenge posed by mutations raises questions about the effectiveness of existing vaccines and drugs, necessitating consideration for updates in their formulations. In the urgency of these critical situations, repurposed drugs such as Camostat Mesylate and Nafamostat Mesylate emerge as viable pharmaceutical options. Numerous drugs are involved in inhibiting receptors and host factors crucial for SARS-CoV-2 entry, with most discussed in this review. In conclusion, this study may provide valuable insights to inform decisions in therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Behboudi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Seyed Nooreddin Faraji
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Daryabor
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Hashemi
- Department of Bacteriology & Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Maryam Asadi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fahime Edalat
- Department of Bacteriology & Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Raee
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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6
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Barnieh FM, Galuska SP, Loadman PM, Ward S, Falconer RA, El-Khamisy SF. Cancer-specific glycosylation of CD13 impacts its detection and activity in preclinical cancer tissues. iScience 2023; 26:108219. [PMID: 37942010 PMCID: PMC10628746 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Harnessing the differences between cancer and non-cancer tissues presents new opportunities for selective targeting by anti-cancer drugs. CD13, a heavily glycosylated protein, is one example with significant unmet clinical potential in cancer drug discovery. Despite its high expression and activity in cancers, CD13 is also expressed in many normal tissues. Here, we report differential tissue glycosylation of CD13 across tissues and demonstrate for the first time that the nature and pattern of glycosylation of CD13 in preclinical cancer tissues are distinct compared to normal tissues. We identify cancer-specific O-glycosylation of CD13, which selectively blocks its detection in cancer models but not in normal tissues. In addition, the metabolism activity of cancer-expressed CD13 was observed to be critically dependent on its unique glycosylation. Thus, our data demonstrate the existence of discrete cancer-specific CD13 glycoforms and propose cancer-specific CD13 glycoforms as a clinically useful target for effective cancer-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M. Barnieh
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Sebastian P. Galuska
- Institute for Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Paul M. Loadman
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | | | - Robert A. Falconer
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Sherif F. El-Khamisy
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
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7
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Zhou XH, Li JR, Zheng TH, Chen H, Cai C, Ye SL, Gao B, Xue TC. Portal vein tumor thrombosis in hepatocellular carcinoma: molecular mechanism and therapy. Clin Exp Metastasis 2023; 40:5-32. [PMID: 36318440 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-022-10188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT), a common complication of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), remains the bottleneck of the treatments. Liver cancer cells potentially experienced multi-steps during PVTT process, including cancer cells leave from cancer nest, migrate in extracellular matrix, invade the vascular barrier, and colonize in the portal vein. Accumulated evidences have revealed numerous of molecular mechanisms including genetic and epigenetic regulation, cancer stem cells, immunosuppressive microenvironment, hypoxia, et al. contributed to the PVTT formation. In this review, we discuss state-of-the-art PVTT research on the potential molecular mechanisms and experimental models. In addition, we summarize PVTT-associated clinical trials and current treatments for PVTT and suppose perspectives exploring the molecular mechanisms and improving PVTT-related treatment for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hao Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Hepatic Oncology, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing-Ru Li
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Hepatic Oncology, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tang-Hui Zheng
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Hepatic Oncology, Xiamen Branch, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Hepatic Oncology, Xiamen Branch, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Chen Cai
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Hepatic Oncology, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sheng-Long Ye
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Hepatic Oncology, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Tong-Chun Xue
- Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Hepatic Oncology, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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8
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Sorafenib/2800Z Co-Loaded into Cholesterol and PEG Grafted Polylysine NPs for Liver Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010119. [PMID: 36678616 PMCID: PMC9865580 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of liver cancer remains challenging due to the low responsiveness of advanced cancer to therapeutic options. Sorafenib is the first line chemotherapeutic drug for advanced liver cancer but is frequently associated with severe side effects lead to discontinuation of chemotherapy. We previously developed a specific SIRT7 inhibitor 2800Z, which suppressed tumor growth and enhanced the chemosensitivity of sorafenib. In this study, we constructed polylysine polymer nanoparticles modified with cholesterol and GSH-sensitive PEG (mPssPC) to load sorafenib (SOR) and the SIRT7 inhibitor 2800Z to form dual-loaded NPs (S2@PsPCs) to reduce the toxicity and increase efficacy of sorafenib in liver cancer. The average size of S2@PsPC NPs was approximately 370 nm and the zeta potential was approximately 50-53 mV. We found that the release of the drugs exhibited pH sensitivity and was significantly accelerated in an acid release medium simulating the tumor environment. In addition, S2@PsPC NPs inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of liver cancer cells in vitro. An in vivo study further revealed that S2@PsPCs showed high specificity to the liver cancer but low affinity and toxicity to the main organs including the heart, kidneys, lungs, and liver. Our data thus further approved the combination of a SIRT7 inhibitor and sorafenib for the treatment of liver cancer and provided new drug delivery system for targeted therapy.
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Liu P, Wang Q, Li K, Bi B, Wen YF, Qiu MJ, Zhao J, Li BB, Zhang CH, He YL. A DFX-based iron nanochelator for cancer therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1078137. [DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1078137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron as an essential element, is involved in various cellular functions and maintaining cell viability, cancer cell is more dependent on iron than normal cell due to its chief characteristic of hyper-proliferation. Despite that some of the iron chelators exhibited potent and broad antitumor activity, severe systemic toxicities have limited their clinical application. Polyaminoacids, as both drug-delivery platform and therapeutic agents, have attracted great interests owing to their different medical applications and biocompatibility. Herein, we have developed a novel iron nanochelator PL-DFX, which composed of deferasirox and hyperbranched polylysine. PL-DFX has higher cytotoxicity than DFX and this effect can be partially reversed by Fe2+ supplementation. PL-DFX also inhibited migration and invasion of cancer cells, interfere with iron metabolism, induce phase G1/S arrest and depolarize mitochondria membrane potential. Additionally, the anti-tumor potency of PL-DFX was also supported by organoids derived from clinical specimens. In this study, DFX-based iron nanochelator has provided a promising and prospective strategy for cancer therapy via iron metabolism disruption.
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10
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Luo F, Yu Y, Li M, Chen Y, Zhang P, Xiao C, Lv G. Polymeric nanomedicines for the treatment of hepatic diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:488. [PMCID: PMC9675156 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is an important organ in the human body and performs many functions, such as digestion, detoxification, metabolism, immune responses, and vitamin and mineral storage. Therefore, disorders of liver functions triggered by various hepatic diseases, including hepatitis B virus infection, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and transplant rejection, significantly threaten human health worldwide. Polymer-based nanomedicines, which can be easily engineered with ideal physicochemical characteristics and functions, have considerable merits, including contributions to improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced adverse effects of drugs, in the treatment of hepatic diseases compared to traditional therapeutic agents. This review describes liver anatomy and function, and liver targeting strategies, hepatic disease treatment applications and intrahepatic fates of polymeric nanomedicines. The challenges and outlooks of hepatic disease treatment with polymeric nanomedicines are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Luo
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Yu
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingqian Li
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuguo Chen
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoyue Lv
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 People’s Republic of China
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11
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Cancer Stem Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Molecular Mechanisms in Stemness Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012327. [PMID: 36293184 PMCID: PMC9604119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the most predominant type of liver cancer with an extremely poor prognosis due to its late diagnosis and high recurrence rate. One of the culprits for HCC recurrence and metastasis is the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are a small subset of cancer cells possessing robust stem cell properties within tumors. CSCs play crucial roles in tumor heterogeneity constitution, tumorigenesis, tumor relapse, metastasis, and resistance to anti-cancer therapies. Elucidation of how these CSCs maintain their stemness features is essential for the development of CSCs-based therapy. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge of intrinsic molecules and signaling pathways involved in hepatic CSCs, especially the CSC surface markers and associated signaling in regulating the stemness characteristics and the heterogeneous subpopulations within the CSC pool. In addition, we recapitulate the effects of crucial extrinsic cellular components in the tumor microenvironment, including stromal cells and immune cells, on the modulation of hepatic CSCs. Finally, we synopsize the currently valuable CSCs-targeted therapy strategies based on intervention in these intrinsic and extrinsic molecular mechanisms, in the hope of shedding light on better clinical management of HCC patients.
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12
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Shi X, Deng Y, Liu X, Gao G, Wang R, Liang G. An aminopeptidase N-activatable chemiluminescence probe for image-guided surgery and metastasis tracking of tumor. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 208:114212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Takeda Y, Chijimatsu R, Ofusa K, Kobayashi S, Doki Y, Eguchi H, Ishii H. Cancer metabolism challenges genomic instability and clonal evolution as therapeutic targets. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1097-1104. [PMID: 35112433 PMCID: PMC8990295 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer precision medicine has improved diagnosis and therapy, refractory cancers such as pancreatic cancer remain to be challenging targets. Clinical sequencing has identified the significant alterations in driver genes and traced their clonal evolutions. Recent studies indicated that the tumor microenvironment elicits alterations in cancer metabolism, although its involvement in the cause and development of genomic alterations has not been established. Genomic abnormalities can contribute to the survival of selected subpopulations, recently recognized as clonal evolution, and dysfunction can lead to DNA mutations. Here, we present the most recent studies on the mechanisms of cancer metabolism involved in the maintenance of genomic stability to update current understanding of such processes. Sirtuins, which are NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases, appear to be involved in the control of genomic stability. Alterations of deleterious subpopulations would be exposed to selective pressure for cell survival. Recent studies indicated that a new type of cell death, ferroptosis, determines the survival of clones and exert cancer-restricting or -promoting effects to surrounding cells in the tumor microenvironment. Suppressing genomic instability and eliminating deleterious clones by cell death will contribute to the improvement of cancer medicine. Furthermore, the elucidation of the mechanisms involved is seen as a bridgehead to the pharmacologic suppression of such refractory cancers as pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Ryota Chijimatsu
- Department of Medical Data ScienceGraduate School of MedicineCenter of Medical Innovation and Translational ResearchOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Ken Ofusa
- Department of Medical Data ScienceGraduate School of MedicineCenter of Medical Innovation and Translational ResearchOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Prophoenix DivisionFood and Life‐Science LaboratoryIdea Consultants, IncOsaka‐cityJapan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Medical Data ScienceGraduate School of MedicineCenter of Medical Innovation and Translational ResearchOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
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14
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Cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma - from origin to clinical implications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:26-44. [PMID: 34504325 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive disease with a poor clinical outcome. The cancer stem cell (CSC) model states that tumour growth is powered by a subset of tumour stem cells within cancers. This model explains several clinical observations in HCC (as well as in other cancers), including the almost inevitable recurrence of tumours after initial successful chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, as well as the phenomena of tumour dormancy and treatment resistance. The past two decades have seen a marked increase in research on the identification and characterization of liver CSCs, which has encouraged the design of novel diagnostic and treatment strategies for HCC. These studies revealed novel aspects of liver CSCs, including their heterogeneity and unique immunobiology, which are suggestive of opportunities for new research directions and potential therapies. In this Review, we summarize the present knowledge of liver CSC markers and the regulators of stemness in HCC. We also comprehensively describe developments in the liver CSC field with emphasis on experiments utilizing single-cell transcriptomics to understand liver CSC heterogeneity, lineage-tracing and cell-ablation studies of liver CSCs, and the influence of the CSC niche and tumour microenvironment on liver cancer stemness, including interactions between CSCs and the immune system. We also discuss the potential application of liver CSC-based therapies for treatment of HCC.
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15
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Masoumi J, Jafarzadeh A, Abdolalizadeh J, Khan H, Philippe J, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei HR. Cancer stem cell-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy: Challenges and prospects. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1721-1739. [PMID: 34386318 PMCID: PMC8343118 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) with their self-renewal ability are accepted as cells which initiate tumors. CSCs are regarded as interesting targets for novel anticancer therapeutic agents because of their association with tumor recurrence and resistance to conventional therapies, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells are engineered T cells which express an artificial receptor specific for tumor associated antigens (TAAs) by which they accurately target and kill cancer cells. In recent years, CAR-T cell therapy has shown more efficiency in cancer treatment, particularly regarding blood cancers. The expression of specific markers such as TAAs on CSCs in varied cancer types makes them as potent tools for CAR-T cell therapy. Here we review the CSC markers that have been previously targeted with CAR-T cells, as well as the CSC markers that may be used as possible targets for CAR-T cell therapy in the future. Furthermore, we will detail the most important obstacles against CAR-T cell therapy and suggest solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Masoumi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan 77181759111, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Jalal Abdolalizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Jeandet Philippe
- Research Unit “Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection”, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 8713781147, Iran
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +98 31 55540022; Tel./fax: +98 21 66419536.
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +98 31 55540022; Tel./fax: +98 21 66419536.
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16
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Zhao MJ, Cheng L, Huang YJ, Tao Y, Gu X, Zheng JQ. Establishment and Validation of an ICP-MS Method for Simultaneous Measurement of 24 Elemental Impurities in Ubenimex APIs According to USP/ICH guidelines. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916999200423103711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
To control the potential presence of heavy metals in pharmaceuticals, the United States
Pharmacopeia (USP) and International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) have put forth new requirements and
guidelines. USP <232> and ICH Q3D specify 24 elemental impurities and their concentration limits in consideration of
the permitted daily exposure (PDE) of different drug categories (oral, parenteral and inhalation). while USP <233>
describes more information about sample preparation and method validation procedure.
Objective:
To establish and verify an ICP-MS method for the determination of 24 elemental impurities (Cd, Pb, As, Hg,
Co, V, Ni, Tl, Au, Pd, Ir, Os, Ph, Ru, Se, Ag, Pt, Li, Sb, Ba, Mo, Cu, Sn, Cr) in ubenimex APIs according to USP/ICH
guidelines.
Method:
Samples were analyzed by ICP-MS after direct dissolution in diluted acid solution. All elements were detected
in He/HEHe mode (except for Li, which was in No gas mode).
Results:
The spiked recoveries were within 80-120% except Hg (79.4% at 0.5J level in HEHe mode) and Cd (121.9%
at 0.5J level in HE mode). The RSD of repeatability (N = 6) for all elements were < 7.0% and intermediate precision (N
= 12) were < 9.0%. The correlation coefficients of linear (R) for 24 elements were all > 0.998. The limits of detection
(LOD) were < 1 ng/mL except that Ni was 1.23 ng/mL in HEHe mode. The contents of 24 elements in 3 batches of
samples were significantly lower than the actual target limit of ICH, while the highest content of Pd did not exceed 10
μg/g.
Conclusion:
The established method was proved to be simple, sensitive and accurate. It successfully applied to the
elemental impurity determination in 3 batches of ubenimex APIs from different manufactories. This method also
provided technical guidance for determination of multiple elements in pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Juan Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control (Key Laboratory of Core Technology for Generic Drug Evaluation, China Drug Administration), Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Yu-Jia Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Ying Tao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Xiao Gu
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control (Key Laboratory of Core Technology for Generic Drug Evaluation, China Drug Administration), Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Jin-Qi Zheng
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control (Key Laboratory of Core Technology for Generic Drug Evaluation, China Drug Administration), Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
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17
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Liu L, Borlak J. Advances in Liver Cancer Stem Cell Isolation and their Characterization. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1215-1238. [PMID: 33432485 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade research on cancer stem cells (CSC) significantly contributed to a better understanding of tumor biology. Given their similarity to normal stem cells, i.e. self-renewal and pluripotency the need arises to develop robust protocols for the isolation and characterization of CSCs. As with other malignancies, hepatic tumors are composed of a heterogeneous population of cells including liver cancer stem cells (LCSC). Yet, a precise understanding of why stem cells become cancerous is still lacking. There is unmet need to develop robust protocols for the successful isolation of LCSCs from human tissue resection material as to assist in the development of molecular targeted therapies. Here we review the research progress made in the isolation and characterization of LCSCs by considering a wide range of cell surface markers and sorting methods, as applied to side populations, microsphere cultures and the gradient centrifugation method. We emphasize the different fluorescence activated cell sorting methods and the possibility to enrich LCSCs by immunomagnetic beads. We review the specificity of functional assays by considering ABCG transporter and ALDH1 enzyme activities and evaluate the in vivo tumorigenicity of LCSCs in highly sensitive bioassays. Finally, we evaluate different LCSC markers in association with viral and non-viral liver disease and explore the potential of novel drug delivery systems targeting CD133, EpCAM, CD13 and CD90 for the development of molecular targeted therapies. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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18
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Asai A, Konno M, Ozaki M, Otsuka C, Vecchione A, Arai T, Kitagawa T, Ofusa K, Yabumoto M, Hirotsu T, Taniguchi M, Eguchi H, Doki Y, Ishii H. COVID-19 Drug Discovery Using Intensive Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2839. [PMID: 32325767 PMCID: PMC7215413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in China during December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread on a global scale, causing the World Health Organization (WHO) to issue a warning. While novel vaccines and drugs that target SARS-CoV-2 are under development, this review provides information on therapeutics which are under clinical trials or are proposed to antagonize SARS-CoV-2. Based on the information gained from the responses to other RNA coronaviruses, including the strains that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronaviruses and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), drug repurposing might be a viable strategy. Since several antiviral therapies can inhibit viral replication cycles or relieve symptoms, mechanisms unique to RNA viruses will be important for the clinical development of antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. Given that several currently marketed drugs may be efficient therapeutic agents for severe COVID-19 cases, they may be beneficial for future viral pandemics and other infections caused by RNA viruses when standard treatments are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Asai
- Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.A.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (C.O.); (T.A.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (M.Y.); (T.H.); (H.E.); (Y.D.)
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan;
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Konno
- Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.A.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (C.O.); (T.A.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (M.Y.); (T.H.); (H.E.); (Y.D.)
| | - Miyuki Ozaki
- Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.A.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (C.O.); (T.A.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (M.Y.); (T.H.); (H.E.); (Y.D.)
| | - Chihiro Otsuka
- Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.A.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (C.O.); (T.A.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (M.Y.); (T.H.); (H.E.); (Y.D.)
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Santo Andrea Hospital, via di Grottarossa, 1035-00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Takahiro Arai
- Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.A.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (C.O.); (T.A.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (M.Y.); (T.H.); (H.E.); (Y.D.)
- Unitech Co., Ltd., Kashiwa 277-0005, Japan
| | - Toru Kitagawa
- Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.A.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (C.O.); (T.A.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (M.Y.); (T.H.); (H.E.); (Y.D.)
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Kyowa-kai Medical Corporation, Osaka 540-0008, Japan
| | - Ken Ofusa
- Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.A.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (C.O.); (T.A.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (M.Y.); (T.H.); (H.E.); (Y.D.)
- Prophoenix Division, Food and Life-Science Laboratory, Idea Consultants, Inc., Osaka-City, Osaka 559-8519, Japan
| | - Masami Yabumoto
- Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.A.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (C.O.); (T.A.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (M.Y.); (T.H.); (H.E.); (Y.D.)
- Kinshu-Kai Medical Corporation, Osaka 558-0041, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hirotsu
- Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.A.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (C.O.); (T.A.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (M.Y.); (T.H.); (H.E.); (Y.D.)
- Hirotsu Bio Science Inc., Tokyo 107-0062, Japan
| | - Masateru Taniguchi
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan;
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.A.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (C.O.); (T.A.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (M.Y.); (T.H.); (H.E.); (Y.D.)
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.A.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (C.O.); (T.A.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (M.Y.); (T.H.); (H.E.); (Y.D.)
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.A.); (M.K.); (M.O.); (C.O.); (T.A.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (M.Y.); (T.H.); (H.E.); (Y.D.)
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19
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The Cancer Stem Cell in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030684. [PMID: 32183251 PMCID: PMC7140091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition of intra-tumoral cellular heterogeneity has given way to the concept of the cancer stem cell (CSC). According to this concept, CSCs are able to self-renew and differentiate into all of the cancer cell lineages present within the tumor, placing the CSC at the top of a hierarchical tree. The observation that these cells—in contrast to bulk tumor cells—are able to exclusively initiate new tumors, initiate metastatic spread and resist chemotherapy implies that CSCs are solely responsible for tumor recurrence and should be therapeutically targeted. Toward this end, dissecting and understanding the biology of CSCs should translate into new clinical therapeutic approaches. In this article, we review the CSC concept in cancer, with a special focus on hepatocellular carcinoma.
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20
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Melnyk T, Đorđević S, Conejos-Sánchez I, Vicent MJ. Therapeutic potential of polypeptide-based conjugates: Rational design and analytical tools that can boost clinical translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:136-169. [PMID: 33091502 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The clinical success of polypeptides as polymeric drugs, covered by the umbrella term "polymer therapeutics," combined with related scientific and technological breakthroughs, explain their exponential growth in the development of polypeptide-drug conjugates as therapeutic agents. A deeper understanding of the biology at relevant pathological sites and the critical biological barriers faced, combined with advances regarding controlled polymerization techniques, material bioresponsiveness, analytical methods, and scale up-manufacture processes, have fostered the development of these nature-mimicking entities. Now, engineered polypeptides have the potential to combat current challenges in the advanced drug delivery field. In this review, we will discuss examples of polypeptide-drug conjugates as single or combination therapies in both preclinical and clinical studies as therapeutics and molecular imaging tools. Importantly, we will critically discuss relevant examples to highlight those parameters relevant to their rational design, such as linking chemistry, the analytical strategies employed, and their physicochemical and biological characterization, that will foster their rapid clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Melnyk
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Snežana Đorđević
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Conejos-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - María J Vicent
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
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21
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Mathiyalagan R, Wang C, Kim YJ, Castro-Aceituno V, Ahn S, Subramaniyam S, Simu SY, Jiménez-Pérez ZE, Yang DC, Jung SK. Preparation of Polyethylene Glycol-Ginsenoside Rh1 and Rh2 Conjugates and Their Efficacy against Lung Cancer and Inflammation. Molecules 2019; 24:E4367. [PMID: 31795352 PMCID: PMC6930446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low solubility and tumor-targeted delivery of ginsenosides to avoid off-target cytotoxicity are challenges for clinical trials. In the present study, we report on a methodology for the synthesis of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-ginsenoside conjugates through a hydrolysable ester bond using the hydrophilic polymer polyethylene glycol with the hydrophobic ginsenosides Rh1 and Rh2 to enhance water solubility and passive targeted delivery. The resulting conjugates were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 1H NMR revealed that the C-6 and C-3 sugar hydroxyl groups of Rh1 and Rh2 were esterified. The conjugates showed spherical shapes that were monitored by field-emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), and the average sizes of the particles were 62 ± 5.72 nm and 134 ± 8.75 nm for PEG-Rh1and PEG-Rh2, respectively (measured using a particle size analyzer). Owing to the hydrophilic enhancing properties of PEG, PEG-Rh1 and PEG-Rh2 solubility was greatly enhanced compared to Rh1 and Rh2 alone. The release rates of Rh1 and Rh2 were increased in lower pH conditions (pH 5.0), that for pathophysiological sites as well as for intracellular endosomes and lysosomes, compared to normal-cell pH conditions (pH 7.4). In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed that the PEG-Rh1conjugates had greater anticancer activity in a human non-small cell lung cancer cell line (A549) compared to Rh1 alone, whereas PEG-Rh2 showed lower cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells. On the other hand, both PEG-Rh1 and PEG-Rh2 showed non-cytotoxicity in a nondiseased murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) compared to free Rh1 and Rh2, but PEG-Rh2 exhibited increased efficacy against inflammation by greatly inhibiting nitric oxide production. Thus, the overall conclusion of our study is that PEG conjugation promotes the properties of Rh1 for anticancer and Rh2 for inflammation treatments. Depends on the disease models, they could be potential drug candidates for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (R.M.); (S.Y.S.); (Z.E.J.-P.)
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (C.W.); (Y.J.K.); (V.C.-A.); (S.A.); (S.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (C.W.); (Y.J.K.); (V.C.-A.); (S.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Verónica Castro-Aceituno
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (C.W.); (Y.J.K.); (V.C.-A.); (S.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Sungeun Ahn
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (C.W.); (Y.J.K.); (V.C.-A.); (S.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Sathiyamoorthy Subramaniyam
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (C.W.); (Y.J.K.); (V.C.-A.); (S.A.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr.N.G.P., Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641048, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shakina Yesmin Simu
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (R.M.); (S.Y.S.); (Z.E.J.-P.)
| | - Zuly Elizabeth Jiménez-Pérez
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (R.M.); (S.Y.S.); (Z.E.J.-P.)
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (R.M.); (S.Y.S.); (Z.E.J.-P.)
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (C.W.); (Y.J.K.); (V.C.-A.); (S.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Seok-Kyu Jung
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (C.W.); (Y.J.K.); (V.C.-A.); (S.A.); (S.S.)
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22
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Wang Y, Pang B, Zhang R, Fu Y, Pang Q. Ubenimex induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death in rat GH3 and MMQ cells through the ROS/ERK pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3217-3228. [PMID: 31571825 PMCID: PMC6750015 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s218371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Ubenimex, an aminopeptidase N (APN) inhibitor, is widely known for its use as an adjunct therapy for cancer therapy. However, in recent studies, it has also conferred antitumour effects in many cancers, but its anticancer mechanism is largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the specific anticancer activities and mechanisms of ubenimex in GH3 and MMQ cells. Materials and methods In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of ubenimex in GH3 and MMQ cells. Cell viability and cell death were assessed by the Cell Counting Kit-8 kit (CCK-8) and a LIVE/DEAD cell imaging kit. Apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were assessed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Autophagosome formation was detected by transmission electron microscopy, and autophagic flux was measured with mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenoviral transfection. The protein expression level was detected by Western blotting. Results The results revealed that treatment with ubenimex induced apoptotic and autophagic cell death in GH3 and MMQ cells, which resulted in decreased viability, an increased proportion of apoptotic cells, and autophagosome formation. Further experiments showed that ubenimex induced ROS generation and activated the ROS/ERK pathway. The ROS scavenger NAC could attenuate ubenimex-induced apoptosis and autophagy. Conclusion Our studies revealed that ubenimex exerted anticancer effects by inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death in GH3 and MMQ cells, rendering it a possible effective adjunctive therapy for pituitary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibing Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Cao J, Zhao M, Liu J, Zhang X, Pei Y, Wang J, Yang X, Shen B, Zhang J. RACK1 Promotes Self-Renewal and Chemoresistance of Cancer Stem Cells in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Stabilizing Nanog. Theranostics 2019; 9:811-828. [PMID: 30809310 PMCID: PMC6376462 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been proposed as a new strategy to eradicate malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms by which CSCs sustain their self-renewal and chemoresistance remain elusive. Nanog is a master transcriptional regulator of stemness, especially in CSCs. Its expression is tightly regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Whether the suppression of Nanog ubiquitination contributes to its over-expression in CSCs has not been explored. In addition, the role of receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1), an adaptor protein implicated in HCC growth, in liver CSC-like traits remains to be determined. Methods: In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate the role of RACK1 in liver CSC-like phenotype and murine ESC function. How RACK1 regulates Nanog expression was explored by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. The interaction of RACK1 with Nanog and the consequent effects on Nanog ubiquitination and stemness were then analyzed. Results: RACK1 promotes self-renewal and chemoresistance of human liver CSCs and maintains murine ESC function. Consistently, RACK1 enhances the expression of Nanog in human HCC cells and murine ESCs. The protein levels of RACK1 in clinical HCC tissues positively correlate with those of Nanog. Further exploration indicates that RACK1 directly binds to Nanog, which prevents its recruitment of E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW8 and ubiquitin-dependent degradation. The interaction with Nanog is essential for RACK1 to promote stemness. Conclusions: Our data provide novel insights into the regulation of Nanog protein levels, as well the key role of RACK1 to enhance self-renewal and chemoresistance of CSCs in human HCC.
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