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Wang N, Zhang L, Yu J, Chang K, Fan M, Liu Z, Ma L, Cao J, Huang G. Identification of an Alepterolic Acid Derivative as a Potent Anti-Breast-Cancer Agent via Inhibition of the Akt/p70 S6K Signaling Pathway. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301248. [PMID: 37739929 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Alepterolic acid is a diterpene occurring in the fern Aleuritopteris argentea with potential biological activity that warrants further structural modification. In the present work, sixteen alepterolic acid derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activities. Among them, N-[m-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl] alepterolamide displayed comparable activity (IC50=4.20±0.21 μM) in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, mechanistic investigations indicated this compound was significantly capable of diminishing cell proliferation and viability of MCF-7 cells. After treatment with N-[m-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl] alepterolamide, a significant increase in cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and Bax/Bcl2 ratio were observed in MCF-7 cells, leading to caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways. Further studies showed this compound promoted cellular apoptosis and inhibited migration in MCF-7 cells via modulation of the Akt/p70S6K signaling pathway. All these results revealed the potential of N-[m-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl] alepterolamide as an appealing therapeutic drug candidate for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 201418, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 201418, P.R. China
| | - Kaili Chang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Minghui Fan
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Zi Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 201418, P.R. China
| | - Guozheng Huang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 201418, P.R. China
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2
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Cavallo MR, Yo JC, Gallant KC, Cunanan CJ, Amirfallah A, Daniali M, Sanders AB, Aplin AE, Pribitkin EA, Hartsough EJ. Mcl-1 mediates intrinsic resistance to RAF inhibitors in mutant BRAF papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:175. [PMID: 38622136 PMCID: PMC11018618 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent form of thyroid cancer. PTC commonly presents with mutations of the serine/threonine kinase BRAF (BRAFV600E), which drive ERK1/2 pathway activation to support growth and suppress apoptosis. PTC patients often undergo surgical resection; however, since the average age of PTC patients is under 50, adverse effects associated with prolonged maintenance therapy following total thyroidectomy are a concern. The development of mutant-selective BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi), like vemurafenib, has been efficacious in patients with metastatic melanoma, but the response rate is low for mutant BRAF PTC patients. Here, we assay the therapeutic response of BRAFi in a panel of human PTC cell lines and freshly biopsied patient samples. We observed heterogeneous responses to BRAFi, and multi-omic comparisons between susceptible and resistant mutant BRAF PTC revealed overrepresented stress response pathways and the absence of compensatory RTK activation - features that may underpin innate resistance. Importantly, resistant cell lines and patient samples had increased hallmarks of failed apoptosis; a cellular state defined by sublethal caspase activation and DNA damage. Further analysis suggests that the failed apoptotic phenotypes may have features of "minority mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP)" - a stress-related response characterized by fragmented and porous mitochondria known to contribute to cancer aggressiveness. We found that cells presenting with minority MOMP-like phenotypes are dependent on the apoptotic regulator, Mcl-1, as treatment with the Mcl-1 inhibitor, AZD5991, potently induced cell death in resistant cells. Furthermore, PI3K/AKT inhibitors sensitized resistant cells to BRAFi; an effect that was at least in part associated with reduced Mcl-1 levels. Together, these data implicate minority MOMP as a mechanism associated with intrinsic drug resistance and underscore the benefits of targeting Mcl-1 in mutant BRAF PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Cavallo
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Jacob C Yo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Kayla C Gallant
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Camille J Cunanan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Amirali Amirfallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Marzieh Daniali
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Alyssa B Sanders
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Edmund A Pribitkin
- Departments of Otolargynology-Head & Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Edward J Hartsough
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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3
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Wang N, Qin L, Liu Z, Cao J, Huang J, Ma L, Huang G. Discovery of a Pimaradiene that Decreases Viability of MDA-MB-468 Cells Through Inhibition of EGFR Signaling Pathway. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400288. [PMID: 38415947 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by strong invasiveness, high relapse rates, and poor overall survival. It occurs in approximately 15-20 % of all breast cancer cases. Natural compounds are a promising option for managing breast cancer. ent-8(14),15-Pimaradiene-2β,19-diol (JXE-23), is a pimaradiene isolated from the fern Aleuritopteris albofusca. However, the effects and molecular mechanisms of JXE-23 on cancer cells are still unknown. Thus, this study was designed to determine the potential of JXE-23 for its anticancer properties in TNBC cells. JXE-23 was evaluated for its antiproliferative activity in vitro against human breast cancer cell lines, and showed selectively cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-468, an EGFR-overexpressing TNBC cancer cell line, with an IC50 value of 1.17±0.04 μM. Moreover, mechanistic investigations indicated that JXE-23 was significantly capable of inhibiting cell proliferation and viability in MDA-MB-468 cells. In addition, JXE-23 exerted an anticancer effect against MDA-MB-468 cells via restraining cell migration in a dose-dependent mode. Moreover, after treatment with JXE-23, the protein expressions of pEGFR, pERK, pAkt and p-p70S6K were significantly reduced in MDA-MB-468 cells. The results underscored that JXE-23 could be a potential lead compound for the treatment of EGFR-overexpressing TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, P. R. China
| | - Li Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, P. R. China
| | - Zi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, P. R. China
| | - Liang Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, P. R. China
| | - Guozheng Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, P. R. China
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4
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Xie Y, Jiang H. The exploration of mitochondrial-related features helps to reveal the prognosis and immunotherapy methods of colorectal cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e1914. [PMID: 37903487 PMCID: PMC10809275 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism are all intertwined with mitochondria. However, a complete description of how the features of mitochondria relate to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immunological landscape of colorectal cancer (CRC) has yet to be made. We performed subgroup analysis on CRC patient data obtained from the databases using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering. Construct a prognostic model using the mitochondrial-related gene (MRG) risk score, and then compare it to other models for accuracy. Comprehensive analyses of the risk score, in conjunction with the TME and immune landscape, were performed, and the relationship between the model and different types of cell death, radiation and chemotherapy, and drug resistance was investigated. Results from immunohistochemistry and single-cell sequencing were utilized to verify the model genes, and a drug sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate possible therapeutic medicines. The pan-cancer analysis is utilized to further investigate the role of genes in a wider range of malignancies. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that CRC patients based on MRG were divided into two groups with significant differences in survival outcomes and TME between groups. The predictive power of the risk score was further shown by building a prognostic model and testing it extensively in both internal and external cohorts. Multiple immune therapeutic responses and the expression of immunological checkpoints demonstrate that the risk score is connected to immunotherapy success. The correlation analysis of the risk score provide more ideas and guidance for prognostic models in clinical treatment. CONCLUSION The TME, immune cell infiltration, and responsiveness to immunotherapy in CRC were all thoroughly evaluated on the basis of MRG features. The comparative validation of multiple queues and models combined with clinical data ensures the effectiveness and clinical practicality of MRG features. Our studies help clinicians create individualized treatment programs for individuals with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun‐hui Xie
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of ChengduAffiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hui‐zhong Jiang
- College of GraduateGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina
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5
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Nguyen TT, Wei S, Nguyen TH, Jo Y, Zhang Y, Park W, Gariani K, Oh CM, Kim HH, Ha KT, Park KS, Park R, Lee IK, Shong M, Houtkooper RH, Ryu D. Mitochondria-associated programmed cell death as a therapeutic target for age-related disease. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1595-1619. [PMID: 37612409 PMCID: PMC10474116 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, ubiquitous double-membrane-bound organelles, regulate energy production, support cellular activities, harbor metabolic pathways, and, paradoxically, mediate cell fate. Evidence has shown mitochondria as points of convergence for diverse cell death-inducing pathways that trigger the various mechanisms underlying apoptotic and nonapoptotic programmed cell death. Thus, dysfunctional cellular pathways eventually lead or contribute to various age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Thus, mitochondrion-associated programmed cell death-based treatments show great therapeutic potential, providing novel insights in clinical trials. This review discusses mitochondrial quality control networks with activity triggered by stimuli and that maintain cellular homeostasis via mitohormesis, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, and mitophagy. The review also presents details on various forms of mitochondria-associated programmed cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, and paraptosis, and highlights their involvement in age-related disease pathogenesis, collectively suggesting therapeutic directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh T Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Thu Ha Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunju Jo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Park
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Karim Gariani
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
| | - Chang-Myung Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ho Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Raekil Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Wu B, Wei X, Wang N, Xia C, Bao R, Cao J, Zhong Z, Liu Z, Ma L, Huang G. Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Antiproliferative Evaluation of Phenylalkylamino-containing Alepterolic Acid Derivatives. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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7
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ATX-LPA-Dependent Nuclear Translocation of Endonuclease G in Respiratory Epithelial Cells: A New Mode Action for DNA Damage Induced by Crystalline Silica Particles. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030865. [PMID: 36765823 PMCID: PMC9913843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Crystalline silica particles (CSi) are an established human carcinogen, but it is not clear how these particles cause necessary mutations. A well-established scenario includes inflammation caused by retained particles in the bronchioles, activated macrophages, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause DNA damage. In previous studies, we showed that CSi in contact with the plasma membrane of human bronchial epithelium induced double strand breaks within minutes. A signaling pathway implicating the ATX-LPA axis, Rac1, NLRP3, and mitochondrial depolarization upstream of DSB formation was delineated. In this paper, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that this signaling pathway triggers endonuclease G (EndoG) translocation from the mitochondria to the nucleus. The DNA damage is documented as γH2AX and p53BP1 nuclear foci, strand breaks in the Comet assay, and as micronuclei. In addition, the DNA damage is induced by low doses of CSi that do not induce apoptosis. By inhibiting the ATX-LPA axis or by EndoG knockdown, we prevent EndoG translocation and DSB formation. Our data indicate that CSi in low doses induces DSBs by sub-apoptotic activation of EndoG, adding CSi to a list of carcinogens that may induce mutations via sub-apoptotic and "minority MOMP" effects. This is the first report linking the ATX-LPA axis to this type of carcinogenic effect.
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8
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Riley JS, Bock FJ. Voices from beyond the grave: The impact of apoptosis on the microenvironment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119341. [PMID: 35987283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death, in particular apoptosis, has vital functions in every healthy organism. In a highly regulated manner cells which are no longer needed or are harmful to the organism undergo suicide. More than just the mere elimination of a cell, apoptosis is increasingly being recognized performing important roles in cellular communication with the microenvironment. These interactions with surrounding cells can have various, and sometimes competing outcomes. Apoptotic cells can promote survival, proliferation and inflammation, but depending on the context also prevent survival and inflammation. In this review, we will summarize the emerging literature on how dying cells can transfer information to their neighbours, and which outcomes this communication has for the whole tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel S Riley
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Florian J Bock
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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9
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Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Akbari H, Bahadori M, Behnam B. Targeted Anti-Mitochondrial Therapy: The Future of Oncology. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101728. [PMID: 36292613 PMCID: PMC9602426 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Like living organisms, cancer cells require energy to survive and interact with their environment. Mitochondria are the main organelles for energy production and cellular metabolism. Recently, investigators demonstrated that cancer cells can hijack mitochondria from immune cells. This behavior sheds light on a pivotal piece in the cancer puzzle, the dependence on the normal cells. This article illustrates the benefits of new functional mitochondria for cancer cells that urge them to hijack mitochondria. It describes how functional mitochondria help cancer cells’ survival in the harsh tumor microenvironment, immune evasion, progression, and treatment resistance. Recent evidence has put forward the pivotal role of mitochondria in the metabolism of cancer stem cells (CSCs), the tumor components responsible for cancer recurrence and metastasis. This theory highlights the mitochondria in cancer biology and explains how targeting mitochondria may improve oncological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1445613131, Iran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1445613131, Iran
- Correspondence: or (F.T.-H.); or (B.B.); Tel.: +98-912-608-6713 (F.T.-H.); Tel.: +1-407-920-4420 (B.B.)
| | - Hassan Akbari
- Department of Pathology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 4739-19395, Iran
- Traditional Medicine School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 14155-6559, Iran
| | - Moslem Bahadori
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 14155-6559, Iran
| | - Babak Behnam
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, Amarex Clinical Research, Germantown, MD 20874, USA
- Correspondence: or (F.T.-H.); or (B.B.); Tel.: +98-912-608-6713 (F.T.-H.); Tel.: +1-407-920-4420 (B.B.)
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Barrett's Metaplasia Progression towards Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: An Attempt to Select a Panel of Molecular Sensors and to Reflect Clinical Alterations by Experimental Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063312. [PMID: 35328735 PMCID: PMC8955539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular processes that predispose the development of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) towards esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) induced by gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) are still under investigation. In this study, based on a scientific literature screening and an analysis of clinical datasets, we selected a panel of 20 genes covering BE- and EAC-specific molecular markers (FZD5, IFNGR1, IL1A, IL1B, IL1R1, IL1RN, KRT4, KRT8, KRT15, KRT18, NFKBIL1, PTGS1, PTGS2, SOCS3, SOX4, SOX9, SOX15, TIMP1, TMEM2, TNFRSF10B). Furthermore, we aimed to reflect these alterations within an experimental and translational in vitro model of BE to EAC progression. We performed a comparison between expression profiles in GSE clinical databases with an in vitro model of GERD involving a BE cell line (BAR-T) and EAC cell lines (OE33 and OE19). Molecular responses of cells treated with acidified bile mixture (BM) at concentration of 100 and 250 μM for 30 min per day were evaluated. We also determined a basal mRNA expression within untreated, wild type cell lines on subsequent stages of BE and EAC development. We observed that an appropriately optimized in vitro model based on the combination of BAR-T, OE33 and OE19 cell lines reflects in 65% and more the clinical molecular alterations observed during BE and EAC development. We also confirmed previous observations that exposure to BM (GERD in vitro) activated carcinogenesis in non-dysplastic cells, inducing molecular alternations in the advanced stages of BE. We conclude that it is possible to induce, to a high extent, the molecular profile observed clinically within appropriately and carefully optimized experimental models, triggering EAC development. This experimental scheme and molecular marker panel might be implemented in further research, e.g., aiming to develop and evaluate novel compounds and prodrugs targeting GERD as well as BE and EAC prevention and treatment.
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11
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Cranberry Polyphenols in Esophageal Cancer Inhibition: New Insights. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050969. [PMID: 35267943 PMCID: PMC8912450 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a cancer characterized by rapidly rising incidence and poor survival, resulting in the need for new prevention and treatment options. We utilized two cranberry polyphenol extracts, one proanthocyanidin enriched (C-PAC) and a combination of anthocyanins, flavonoids, and glycosides (AFG) to assess inhibitory mechanisms utilizing premalignant Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and EAC derived cell lines. We employed reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) and Western blots to examine cancer-associated pathways and specific signaling cascades modulated by C-PAC or AFG. Viability results show that C-PAC is more potent than AFG at inducing cell death in BE and EAC cell lines. Based on the RPPA results, C-PAC significantly modulated 37 and 69 proteins in JH-EsoAd1 (JHAD1) and OE19 EAC cells, respectively. AFG treatment significantly altered 49 proteins in both JHAD1 and OE19 cells. Bioinformatic analysis of RPPA results revealed many previously unidentified pathways as modulated by cranberry polyphenols including NOTCH signaling, immune response, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Collectively, these results provide new insight regarding mechanisms by which cranberry polyphenols exert cancer inhibitory effects targeting EAC, with implications for potential use of cranberry constituents as cancer preventive agents.
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12
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Yang R, Qian L. Research on Gut Microbiota-Derived Secondary Bile Acids in Cancer Progression. Integr Cancer Ther 2022; 21:15347354221114100. [PMID: 35880833 PMCID: PMC9421216 DOI: 10.1177/15347354221114100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between gut microbiota-derived metabolites and the body plays a
significant role in the occurrence and development of cancer. Secondary bile
acids (BAs) are the important products produced from gut microbial fermentation
of primary BAs, mainly deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA). In the
gut, they can influence the structure of the microbial communities. Several
studies have demonstrated that secondary BAs, as signaling molecules, can
activate a variety of signaling pathways. They can inhibit the apoptosis of
cancer cells, induce the progression of cancer cell cycles, enhance the ability
of metastasis and invasion of cancer cells, and promote the transformation of
cells into cancer stem cells (CSCs). Moreover, secondary BAs promote cancer by
regulating the function of immune cells. Therefore, targeted manipulation of gut
microbial and secondary BAs has the potential to be developed as for treatment
and prevention of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Qian
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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13
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Xu Y. Commentary: Choosing the Right Model for Bile Reflux Induced Esophageal Disease Research. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 34:1336-1337. [PMID: 34525392 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2021.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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Surman DR, Xu Y, Lee MJ, Trepel J, Brown K, Ramineni M, Splawn TG, Diggs LP, Hodges HC, Davis JL, Lee HS, Burt BM, Ripley RT. Therapeutic Synergy in Esophageal Cancer and Mesothelioma Is Predicted by Dynamic BH3 Profiling. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1469-1480. [PMID: 34088830 PMCID: PMC8338890 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 20,000 patients per year are diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM); fewer than 20% survive 5 years. Effective therapeutic strategies are limited although patients receive a combination of chemotherapeutics. These tumors harbor thousands of mutations that contribute to tumor development. Downstream of oncogenic driving mutations, altered tumor mitochondria promote resistance to apoptosis. Dynamic Bcl-2 homology-3 profiling (DBP) is a functional assay of live cells that identifies the mitochondrial proteins responsible for resistance to apoptosis. We hypothesized that DBP will predict which protein to target to overcome resistance thereby enhancing combinatorial therapy.DBP predicted that targeting either Mcl-1 or Bcl-xL increases the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin, whereas targeting Bcl-2 does not. We performed these assays by treating EAC and MPM cells with a combination of Bcl-2 homology-3 (BH3) mimetics and cisplatin. Following treatments, we performed efficacy assessments including apoptosis assays, IC50 calculations, and generation of a combinatorial index. DBP confirmed that targeting mitochondria with BH3 mimetics alters the threshold of apoptosis. These apoptotic effects were abolished when the mitochondrial pathway was disrupted. We validated our findings by developing knockdown models of antiapoptotic proteins Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and the mitochondrial effector proteins Bax/Bak. Knockdown of Mcl-1 or Bcl-xL recapitulated the results of BH3 mimetics. In addition, we report an approach for BH3 profiling directly from patient tumor samples. We demonstrate that the DBP assay on living tumor cells measures the dynamic changes of resistance mechanisms, assesses response to combinatorial therapy, and provides results in a clinically feasible time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah R Surman
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery and the Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Baylor, College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- NCI, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yuan Xu
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery and the Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Baylor, College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- NCI, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Min-Jung Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jane Trepel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kate Brown
- NCI, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maheshwari Ramineni
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Taylor G Splawn
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery and the Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Baylor, College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - H Courtney Hodges
- Center for Precision Environmental Health and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeremy L Davis
- NCI, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hyun-Sung Lee
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery and the Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Baylor, College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Bryan M Burt
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery and the Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Baylor, College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert Taylor Ripley
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery and the Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Baylor, College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
- NCI, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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15
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Castillo Ferrer C, Berthenet K, Ichim G. Apoptosis - Fueling the oncogenic fire. FEBS J 2021; 288:4445-4463. [PMID: 33179432 PMCID: PMC8451771 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, the most extensively studied form of programmed cell death, is essential for organismal homeostasis. Apoptotic cell death has widely been reported as a tumor suppressor mechanism. However, recent studies have shown that apoptosis exerts noncanonical functions and may paradoxically promote tumor growth and metastasis. The hijacking of apoptosis by cancer cells may arise at different levels, either via the interaction of apoptotic cells with their local or distant microenvironment, or through the abnormal pro-oncogenic roles of the main apoptosis effectors, namely caspases and mitochondria, particularly upon failed apoptosis. In this review, we highlight some of the recently described mechanisms by which apoptosis and these effectors may promote cancer aggressiveness. We believe that a better understanding of the noncanonical roles of apoptosis may be crucial for developing more efficient cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Castillo Ferrer
- Cancer Target and Experimental TherapeuticsInstitute for Advanced BiosciencesINSERM U1209CNRS UMR5309Grenoble Alpes UniversityFrance
- EPHEPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Kevin Berthenet
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052CNRS 5286LyonFrance
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, part of LabEx DEVweCANUniversité de LyonFrance
| | - Gabriel Ichim
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052CNRS 5286LyonFrance
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, part of LabEx DEVweCANUniversité de LyonFrance
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16
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Fan RZ, Chen L, Su T, Li W, Huang JL, Sang J, Tang GH, Yin S. Discovery of 8,9-seco- ent-Kaurane Diterpenoids as Potential Leads for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9926-9942. [PMID: 34236840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a lethal malignancy without safe and effective therapeutic drugs. In this study, the anti-TNBC bioassay-guided isolation of the medicinal plant Croton kongensis followed by the structural modification led to the construction of a small ent-kaurane diterpenoid library (1-25). With subsequent biological screening, 20 highly potent compounds (IC50s < 3 μM) were identified. Among them, 8,9-seco-ent-kaurane 6 displayed comparable activity (IC50s ∼ 80 nM) to doxorubicin but with better selectivity. The analysis of structure-activity relationships suggested that the cleavage of the C8-C9 bond and the presence of α,β-unsaturated ketone moiety were essential for the activity. The mechanistic study revealed that 6 induced apoptosis, autophagy, and metastasis suppression in TNBC cells via inhibition of Akt. In vivo, 6 significantly suppressed the TNBC tumor growth without causing side effects. All these results suggested that 6 may serve as a promising lead for the development of novel anti-TNBC agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Zhu Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Tong Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Luo Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jun Sang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Hua Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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17
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Zakharov II, Savitskaya MA, Onishchenko GE. The Problem of Apoptotic Processes Reversibility. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1145-1158. [PMID: 33202200 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792010003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the best understood variant of regulated cell death, which has been considered irreversible for a long time. To date, an increasing amount of data has been accumulating indicating that key events of apoptosis, such as the externalization of phosphatidylserine, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, caspase activation, DNA damage, and cytoplasmic blebbing are not irreversible and can be involved in the normal cell functioning not associated with the induction of apoptosis. Anastasis - cell recovery after induction of apoptosis - can occur following elimination of proapoptotic stimuli. This can facilitate survival of damaged or tumor cells. This review describes key processes of apoptosis, which do not necessarily lead to cell death during normal cell activity as well as anastasis. Understanding mechanisms and consequences of apoptotic processes reversibility, on the one hand, could contribute to the improvement of existing therapeutic approaches for various diseases, including malignant neoplasms, and, on the other hand, could open up new possibilities for protecting cellular elements of tissues and organs from death during treatment of degenerative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Zakharov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - M A Savitskaya
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - G E Onishchenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
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18
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Yang D, Yao M, Yan Y, Liu Y, Wen X, Chen X, Lu F. Deoxycholic Acid Upregulates Serum Golgi Protein 73 through Activating NF-κB Pathway and Destroying Golgi Structure in Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:205. [PMID: 33540642 PMCID: PMC7913056 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi protein 73 (GP73) is upregulated in a variety of liver diseases, yet the detailed mechanism is poorly characterized. We analyzed GP73 in a retrospective cohort including 4211 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The effect of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) on expression and release of GP73 in Huh-7 and SMMC7721 cells were studied. A mouse study was used to confirm our findings in vivo. A positive correlation was found between serum GP73 and total bile acid (TBA) in cirrhotic patients (r = 0.540, p < 0.001), higher than that in non-cirrhotic CLD (r = 0.318, p < 0.001) and HCC (r = 0.353, p < 0.001) patients. In Huh-7 and SMMC7721 cells, DCA upregulated the expression and release of GP73 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After overexpressing NF-κB p65, the promoter activity, GP73 messenger RNA (mRNA) level, and supernatant GP73 level were increased. The promotion effect of DCA on GP73 release was attenuated after inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Mutating the binding sites of NF-κB in the sequence of the GP73 promoter led to a declined promoting effect of DCA on GP73. The upregulation role of DCA in GP73 expression through the NF-κB pathway was confirmed in vivo. In addition, exposure to DCA caused disassembly of Golgi apparatus. In summary, DCA upregulates the expression and release of GP73 via activating the NF-κB pathway and destroying the Golgi structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danli Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (D.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Mingjie Yao
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (D.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Yanna Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (D.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiajie Wen
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (D.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (D.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (D.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
- Hepatology Institute, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450052, China
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19
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Koren E, Fuchs Y. Modes of Regulated Cell Death in Cancer. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:245-265. [PMID: 33462123 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell suicide pathways, termed regulated cell death (RCD), play a critical role in organismal development, homeostasis, and pathogenesis. Here, we provide an overview of key RCD modalities, namely apoptosis, entosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. We explore how various RCD modules serve as a defense mechanism against the emergence of cancer as well as the manner in which they can be exploited to drive oncogenesis. Furthermore, we outline current therapeutic agents that activate RCD and consider novel RCD-based strategies for tumor elimination. SIGNIFICANCE: A variety of antitumor therapeutics eliminate cancer cells by harnessing the devastating potential of cellular suicide pathways, emphasizing the critical importance of RCD in battling cancer. This review supplies a mechanistic perspective of distinct RCD modalities and explores the important role they play in tumorigenesis. We discuss how RCD modules serve as a double-edged sword as well as novel approaches aimed at selectively manipulating RCD for tumor eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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20
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English J, Son JM, Cardamone MD, Lee C, Perissi V. Decoding the rosetta stone of mitonuclear communication. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105161. [PMID: 32846213 PMCID: PMC7755734 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis in eukaryotic cells requires synchronized coordination of multiple organelles. A key role in this stage is played by mitochondria, which have recently emerged as highly interconnected and multifunctional hubs that process and coordinate diverse cellular functions. Beyond producing ATP, mitochondria generate key metabolites and are central to apoptotic and metabolic signaling pathways. Because most mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nuclear genome, the biogenesis of new mitochondria and the maintenance of mitochondrial functions and flexibility critically depend upon effective mitonuclear communication. This review addresses the complex network of signaling molecules and pathways allowing mitochondria-nuclear communication and coordinated regulation of their independent but interconnected genomes, and discusses the extent to which dynamic communication between the two organelles has evolved for mutual benefit and for the overall maintenance of cellular and organismal fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin English
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jyung Mean Son
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | - Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA; Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Valentina Perissi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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21
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Xu X, Cheng J, Luo S, Gong X, Huang D, Xu J, Qian Y, Wan X, Zhou H. Deoxycholic acid-stimulated macrophage-derived exosomes promote spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia in the stomach. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:649-655. [PMID: 32033746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) is an important risk factor for the occurrence of gastric cancer. It may be driven by a chronic inflammatory environment in which macrophage is involved. Studies have shown that intestinal metaplasia may originate from SPEM, and bile acid-induced chronic inflammation plays an important role in the process of intestinal metaplasia. However, whether bile acids are involved in the development of SPEM and the specific mechanism are unclear. Meanwhile, macrophages are known to be involved in inflammation regulation by releasing various factors, including exosomes. In this study, we hypothesized that the exosomes released from macrophages stimulated by deoxycholic acid participated in the development of SPME. METHODS In vivo, mice were gavaged with deoxycholic acid for 4 weeks, and gastric tissues were harvested. In vitro, deoxycholic acid-induced macrophage-derived exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and cocultured with the gastric organoids of mice. Immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time PCR were used to analyze markers of macrophages and SPEM. RESULTS In vivo, after 4 weeks of deoxycholic acid intragastric administration, macrophage markers (F4/80) and SPEM markers (TFF2 and GSII lectin) were increased in from treated mice compared with those from normal control mice. In vitro, macrophage-derived exosomes labeled with PKH67 were internalized by gastric organoids. Deoxycholic acid-induced macrophage-derived exosomes increased the expression of SPEM markers (TFF2 and GSII lectin) in gastric organoids compared to exosomes derived from macrophages without deoxycholic acid stimulation. CONCLUSION Macrophage-derived exosomes may be a novel mechanism by which deoxycholic acid promotes SPEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinnian Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengzheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxian Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqin Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjian Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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