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Foley KG, Adli M, Kim JJ. Single-nuclei sequencing of uterine serous carcinoma reveals racial differences in immune signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402998121. [PMID: 39133838 PMCID: PMC11348309 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402998121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant racial disparities exist between Black and White patients with uterine serous carcinoma (USC). While the reasons for these disparities are unclear, several studies have demonstrated significantly different rates of driver mutations between racial groups, including TP53. However, limited research has investigated the transcriptional differences of tumors or the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) between these groups. Here, we report the single-nuclei RNA-sequencing profiles of primary USC tumors from diverse racial backgrounds. We find that there are significant differences between the tumors of Black and White patients. Tumors from Black patients exhibited higher expression of specific genes associated with aggressiveness, such as PAX8, and axon guidance and synaptic signaling pathways. We also demonstrated that T cell populations are reduced in the tumor tissue compared to matched benign, while anti-inflammatory macrophage populations are retained within the TME. Furthermore, we investigated the connection between PAX8 overexpression and immunosuppression in USC through regulation of several cytokines and chemokines. Notably, we show that PAX8 activity can influence macrophage gene expression and protein secretion. These studies provide a detailed understanding of the USC transcriptome and TME, and identify differences in tumor biology from patients of different racial backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Grace Foley
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Mazhar Adli
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - J. Julie Kim
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
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Liu KT, Chang YC, Lin YC, Chang JL. An unusual uterine papillary serous carcinoma with post therapy disseminating metastasis presenting as primary renal malignancy: a case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:456-462. [PMID: 38222732 PMCID: PMC10783217 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) is a highly aggressive endometrial carcinoma that often presents as a high-stage disease. UPSC has a high propensity for metastasis and recurrence, even with little or no myometrial invasion. It usually metastasizes to the pelvis, retroperitoneal lymph nodes, upper abdomen, or peritoneum. However, renal metastasis of UPSC is extremely rare. Case presentation The authors reported a unique UPSC case in a 75-year-old unmarried woman. Twenty years ago, she had a history of right breast cancer and underwent a modified radical mastectomy. Three years ago, she was diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma, and six courses of chemotherapy and radiotherapy were administered. Computed tomography and retrograde pyelography revealed a right renal pelvic tumor, and a right nephroureterectomy was performed. Renal metastatic UPSC was diagnosed. The patient was administered adjuvant chemotherapy. Clinical discussion Metastatic UPSCs initially presenting at distant sites are uncommon manifestations. This tumor should be differentially diagnosed in patients presenting with metastatic high-grade serous papillary carcinoma of unknown primary origin. Conclusion Diagnosing metastatic renal UPSC, based on preoperative and imaging examinations, is often challenging. Thus, a review of the past history, histopathology, and immunohistochemical evaluation plays a crucial and valuable role in the definite and differential diagnosis of this tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Ting Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital
- Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management
| | - Yueh-Ching Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital
- Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management
| | - Yu-Chieh Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Junn-Liang Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuaan City
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Szoka L, Nazaruk J, Giegiel J, Isidorov V. Prolidase-proline oxidase axis is engaged in apoptosis induction by birch buds flavonol santin in endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1247536. [PMID: 37745688 PMCID: PMC10512030 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1247536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer of the corpus uteri and cervix uteri, collectively ranks second among new cancer cases in women after breast cancer. Therefore, investigation of new anticancer agents and identifying new molecular targets presents a challenge to improve effectiveness of chemotherapy. In this study, antiproliferative activity of flavonoids derived from the buds of silver birch and downy birch was evaluated in endometrial cancer Ishikawa cells and cervical cancer HeLa cells. It was found that flavanol santin reduced viability of both cell lines better than other flavonoids, including apigenin and luteolin. Moreover, this activity was slightly higher than that induced by the chemotherapy drug, cisplatin. Santin promoted intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways in cancer cells, but it had low toxicity in normal fibroblasts. The mechanisms of impairing cancer cell viability included induction of oxidative proline catabolism, however in different ways in the cell lines used. In HeLa cells, increase of proline oxidation was due to activation of p53 leading to proline oxidase upregulation. In contrast, in Ishikawa cells, having basal proline oxidase level significantly higher than HeLa cells, santin treatment decreased its expression. Nevertheless, proline oxidation was induced in these cells since santin increased expression and activity of prolidase, an enzyme providing proline from protein degradation. In both cell lines, proline oxidation was associated with generation of reactive oxygen species leading to reduction in cell viability. Our findings reveal the involvement of proline oxidase in induction of apoptosis by santin and identify a role of prolidase in proline oxidase-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Szoka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jolanta Nazaruk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Giegiel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Valery Isidorov
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Białystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland
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Di Palma T, Zannini M. PAX8 as a Potential Target for Ovarian Cancer: What We Know so Far. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1273-1280. [PMID: 36275185 PMCID: PMC9584354 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s361511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fallopian tube epithelium harbors the origin cells for the majority of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSCs), the most lethal form of gynecologic malignancies. PAX8 belongs to the paired-box gene family of transcription factors and it is a marker of the FTE secretory cell lineage. Its role has been investigated in migration, invasion, proliferation, cell survival, stem cell maintenance, angiogenesis and tumor growth. In this review, we focus on the pro-tumorigenic role of PAX8 in ovarian cancer; in this context, PAX8 possibly continues to exert its transcriptional activity on its physiological targets but may also function on newly available targets after the tumorigenic hits. Acquiring new insights into the different PAX8 mechanism(s) of action in the tumor microenvironment could uncover new viable therapeutic targets and thus improve the current treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Di Palma
- IEOS - Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology ‘G. Salvatore’, National Research Council, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Mariastella Zannini
- IEOS - Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology ‘G. Salvatore’, National Research Council, Napoli, 80131, Italy,Correspondence: Mariastella Zannini, IEOS - Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology ‘G. Salvatore’, National Research Council, via S. Pansini 5, Napoli, 80131, Italy, Tel +39-081-5465530, Fax +39-081-2296674, Email
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Hu S, Gan H, Yang F. Significance analysis of PAX8 expression in endometrial carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31159. [PMID: 36281161 PMCID: PMC9592497 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To analyze the expression and prognostic value of paired-box 8 (PAX8) expression in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) by bioinformatics. The expression of PAX8 gene in UCEC was analyzed by R language and immunohistochemistry. The correlation between PAX8 expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed by R language. The prognostic factors was analyzed by univariate/multivariate regression. The survival curve of patients was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier Plotter (K-M Plotter). The diagnostic value of PAX8 in UCEC was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve, and the relationship between PAX8 expression and methylation was analyzed by Ualcan. The relationship between methylation and prognosis was analyzed by MethSurv database. The expression of PAX8 in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. The expression of PAX8 was related to clinical stage, age, histological type, histologic grade, tumor invasion and disease-specific survival event. Univariate/multivariate regression analysis showed that clinical stage, tumor invasion, and PAX8 expression were the influence factors of overall survival (OS), while histologic grade and PAX8 expression were the influence factors of disease-specific survival, and patients with low expression had a longer OS. The area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.81 for PAX8 diagnosis of UCEC. PAX8 was hypomethylated in cancer tissue, and patients with hypermethylated PAX8 had a longer OS. The high expression of PAX8 induced by hypomethylation may play an important role in the occurrence and prognosis of UCEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hua Gan
- Department of Orthopaedic, XiangZhou District Renmin Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Fengmei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, P.R. China
- * Correspondence: Fengmei Yang, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Southern 32, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China (e-mail: )
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Kakun RR, Melamed Z, Perets R. PAX8 in the Junction between Development and Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137410. [PMID: 35806410 PMCID: PMC9266416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal processes of embryonic development and abnormal transformation to cancer have many parallels, and in fact many aberrant cancer cell capabilities are embryonic traits restored in a distorted, unorganized way. Some of these capabilities are cell autonomous, such as proliferation and resisting apoptosis, while others involve a complex interplay with other cells that drives significant changes in neighboring cells. The correlation between embryonic development and cancer is driven by shared proteins. Some embryonic proteins disappear after embryogenesis in adult differentiated cells and are restored in cancer, while others are retained in adult cells, acquiring new functions upon transformation to cancer. Many embryonic factors embraced by cancer cells are transcription factors; some are master regulators that play a major role in determining cell fate. The paired box (PAX) domain family of developmental transcription factors includes nine members involved in differentiation of various organs. All paired box domain proteins are involved in different cancer types carrying pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic roles. This review focuses on PAX8, a master regulator of transcription in embryonic development of the thyroid, kidney, and male and female genital tracts. We detail the role of PAX8 in each of these organ systems, describe its role during development and in the adult if known, and highlight its pro-tumorigenic role in cancers that emerge from PAX8 expressing organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reli Rachel Kakun
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Zohar Melamed
- Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
| | - Ruth Perets
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
- Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Correspondence:
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