1
|
Asif M, Yousuf MH, Farooqui US, Nashwan AJ, Ullah I. Cutaneous signs of selected cardiovascular disorders: A narrative review. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240897. [PMID: 38463529 PMCID: PMC10921438 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Clinicians must know cutaneous signs of cardiovascular disease, including petechiae, macules, purpura, lentigines, and rashes. Although cutaneous manifestations of diseases like infectious endocarditis and acute rheumatic fever are well established, there is an indispensable need to evaluate other important cardiovascular diseases accompanied by cutaneous signs. Moreover, discussing the latest management strategies in this regard is equally imperative. This review discusses distinctive skin findings that help narrow the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and recommendations on appropriate treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marium Asif
- Faculty of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou N, Weng H, Zhao W, Tang L, Ge Z, Tian F, Meng F, Pan C, Shu X. Gene-echocardiography: refining genotype-phenotype correlations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 25:127-135. [PMID: 37561025 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jead200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to clarify the association between hypertrophic patterns and genetic variants in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, contributing to the advancement of personalized management strategies for HCM. METHODS AND RESULTS A comprehensive evaluation of genetic mutations was conducted in 392 HCM-affected families using Whole Exome Sequencing. Concurrently, relevant echocardiographic data from these individuals were collected. Our study revealed an increased susceptibility to enhanced septal and interventricular septal thickness in HCM patients harbouring gene mutations compared with those without. Mid-septal hypertrophy was found to be associated predominantly with myosin binding protein C3 (MYBPC3) variants, while a higher septum-to-posterior wall ratio correlated with myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) variants. Mutations in MYH7, MYBPC3, and other sarcomeric or myofilament genes (troponin I3 [TNNI3], tropomyosin 1 [TPM1], and troponin T2 [TNNT2]) showed a relationship with increased hypertrophy in the anterior wall, interventricular septum, and lateral wall of the left ventricle. In contrast, alpha kinase 3 (ALPK3)-associated hypertrophy chiefly presented in the apical region, while hypertrophy related to titin (TTN) and obscurin (OBSCN) mutations exhibited a uniform distribution across the myocardium. Hypertrophic patterns varied with the type and category of gene mutations, offering valuable diagnostic insights. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore a strong link between hypertrophic patterns and genetic variants in HCM, providing a foundation for more accurate genetic testing and personalized management of HCM patients. The novel concept of 'gene-echocardiography' may enhance the precision and efficiency of genetic counselling and testing in HCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nianwei Zhou
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fenglin Road 180, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haobo Weng
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fenglin Road 180, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weipeng Zhao
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fenglin Road 180, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fenglin Road 180, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhendan Ge
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fenglin Road 180, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fangyan Tian
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fenglin Road 180, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fangmin Meng
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fenglin Road 180, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cuizhen Pan
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fenglin Road 180, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xianhong Shu
- Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fenglin Road 180, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Echocardiography, Shanghai Xuhui District Central Hospital, Huaihai Middle Road 966, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chan CH, Chu MF, Lam UP, Mok TM, Tam WC, Tomlinson B, Coelho R, Évora M. Case report: Distinctive cardiac features and phenotypic characteristics of Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines among three generations in one family. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1225667. [PMID: 37692036 PMCID: PMC10484218 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1225667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML, formerly known as LEOPARD syndrome) is a variant of Noonan syndrome which is an autosomal dominant disorder. Most cases of NSML are secondary to mutations of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 11 (PTPN11). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains the most frequent and serious cardiac abnormality in this inherited syndrome, and it may lead to sudden cardiac death related to HCM-associated outflow obstruction and fatal arrhythmia. Beyond cardiac involvement, NSML may present with multiple lentigines, ocular hypertelorism, genital anomalies, short stature and deafness. Herein, we report three patients with NSML among three generations in one family, all presenting with multiple lentigines, HCM and other distinctive clinical and molecular features, including facial dysmorphism, deafness, family history of sudden death and PTPN11 mutations. This case series highlights the importance of early echocardiography examinations for patients with NSML. Careful family screening and genetic counselling are also necessary, especially in patients with diffuse lentigines or a history of sudden death among family members. We also discuss the distinctive cardiac features and phenotypic characteristics at different stages of NSML, including childhood, adulthood and elderhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chon-Hou Chan
- Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar Conde São Januário, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Man-Fong Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Conde São Januário, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - U-Po Lam
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Conde São Januário, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Toi-Meng Mok
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Conde São Januário, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Weng-Chio Tam
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Conde São Januário, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ricardo Coelho
- Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar Conde São Januário, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Màrio Évora
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Conde São Januário, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Östman-Smith I. Lessons From a Genotype-Phenotype Study About the Clinical Spectrum of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Associated With Noonan Syndrome With Multiple Lentigines and PTPN11-Mutations. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2023; 16:359-362. [PMID: 37325916 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.123.004206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingegerd Östman-Smith
- Institute of Clinical Specialties, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University & Children´s Heart Center, Queen Silvia Children´s Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Delogu AB, Blandino R, Leoni C, Tartaglia M, Zampino G. RASopathies and sigmoid-shaped ventricular septum morphology: evidence of a previously unappreciated cardiac phenotype. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:752-754. [PMID: 35794250 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Bibiana Delogu
- Unit of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Delogu AB, Limongelli G, Versacci P, Adorisio R, Kaski JP, Blandino R, Maiolo S, Monda E, Putotto C, De Rosa G, Chatfield KC, Gelb BD, Calcagni G. The heart in RASopathies. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2022; 190:440-451. [PMID: 36408797 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular phenotype associated with RASopathies has expanded far beyond the original descriptions of pulmonary valve stenosis by Dr Jaqueline Noonan in 1968 and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by Hirsch et al. in 1975. Because of the common underlying RAS/MAPK pathway dysregulation, RASopathy syndromes usually present with a typical spectrum of overlapping cardiovascular anomalies, although less common cardiac defects can occur. The identification of the causative genetic variants has enabled the recognition of specific correlations between genotype and cardiac phenotype. Characterization and understanding of genotype-phenotype associations is not only important for counseling a family of an infant with a new diagnosis of a RASopathy condition but is also critical for their clinical prognosis with respect to cardiac disease, neurodevelopment and other organ system involvement over the lifetime of the patient. This review will focus on the cardiac manifestations of the most common RASopathy syndromes, the relationship between cardiac defects and causal genetic variation, the contribution of cardiovascular abnormalities to morbidity and mortality and the most relevant follow-up issues for patients affected by RAS/MAPK pathway diseases, with respect to cardiac clinical outcomes and management, in children and in the adult population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Bibiana Delogu
- Unit of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy.,European Reference Network for rare, low-prevalence, or complex disease of the heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy. Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Versacci
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Adorisio
- European Reference Network for rare, low-prevalence, or complex disease of the heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy. Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology, Heart and Lung Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Juan Pablo Kaski
- Centre for Pediatric Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease, University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK.,Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Stella Maiolo
- European Reference Network for rare, low-prevalence, or complex disease of the heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy. Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology, Heart and Lung Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Monda
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy.,European Reference Network for rare, low-prevalence, or complex disease of the heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy. Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Putotto
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella De Rosa
- Unit of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Kathryn C Chatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and the Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Giulio Calcagni
- European Reference Network for rare, low-prevalence, or complex disease of the heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy. Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiology, Heart and Lung Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|