1
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Jin X, Wang Y, Chen J, Niu M, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Bao G. Novel dual-targeting inhibitors of NSD2 and HDAC2 for the treatment of liver cancer: structure-based virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulation, and in vitro and in vivo biological activity evaluations. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2289355. [PMID: 38059332 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2289355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer exhibits a high degree of heterogeneity and involves intricate mechanisms. Recent research has revealed the significant role of histone lysine methylation and acetylation in the epigenetic regulation of liver cancer development. In this study, five inhibitors capable of targeting both histone lysine methyltransferase nuclear receptor-binding SET domain 2 (NSD2) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) were identified using a structure-based virtual screening approach. Notably, DT-NH-1 displayed a potent inhibition of NSD2 (IC50 = 0.08 ± 0.03 μM) and HDAC2 (IC50 = 5.24 ± 0.87 nM). DT-NH-1 also demonstrated a strong anti-proliferative activity against various liver cancer cell lines, particularly HepG2 cells, and exhibited a high level of biological safety. In an experimental xenograft model involving HepG2 cells, DT-NH-1 showed a significant reduction in tumour growth. Consequently, these findings indicate that DT-NH-1 will be a promising lead compound for the treatment of liver cancer with epigenetic dual-target inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Niu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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2
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Elbialy A, Kappala D, Desai D, Wang P, Fadiel A, Wang SJ, Makary MS, Lenobel S, Sood A, Gong M, Dason S, Shabsigh A, Clinton S, Parwani AV, Putluri N, Shvets G, Li J, Liu X. Patient-Derived Conditionally Reprogrammed Cells in Prostate Cancer Research. Cells 2024; 13:1005. [PMID: 38920635 PMCID: PMC11201841 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a leading cause of mortality among American men, with metastatic and recurrent disease posing significant therapeutic challenges due to a limited comprehension of the underlying biological processes governing disease initiation, dormancy, and progression. The conventional use of PCa cell lines has proven inadequate in elucidating the intricate molecular mechanisms driving PCa carcinogenesis, hindering the development of effective treatments. To address this gap, patient-derived primary cell cultures have been developed and play a pivotal role in unraveling the pathophysiological intricacies unique to PCa in each individual, offering valuable insights for translational research. This review explores the applications of the conditional reprogramming (CR) cell culture approach, showcasing its capability to rapidly and effectively cultivate patient-derived normal and tumor cells. The CR strategy facilitates the acquisition of stem cell properties by primary cells, precisely recapitulating the human pathophysiology of PCa. This nuanced understanding enables the identification of novel therapeutics. Specifically, our discussion encompasses the utility of CR cells in elucidating PCa initiation and progression, unraveling the molecular pathogenesis of metastatic PCa, addressing health disparities, and advancing personalized medicine. Coupled with the tumor organoid approach and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), CR cells present a promising avenue for comprehending cancer biology, exploring new treatment modalities, and advancing precision medicine in the context of PCa. These approaches have been used for two NCI initiatives (PDMR: patient-derived model repositories; HCMI: human cancer models initiatives).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Elbialy
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Computational Oncology Unit, The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, 900 E 57th Street, KCBD Bldg., STE 4144, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Deepthi Kappala
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
| | - Dhruv Desai
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
| | - Peng Wang
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
| | - Ahmed Fadiel
- Computational Oncology Unit, The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, 900 E 57th Street, KCBD Bldg., STE 4144, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shang-Jui Wang
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mina S. Makary
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Scott Lenobel
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Akshay Sood
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael Gong
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shawn Dason
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ahmad Shabsigh
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Steven Clinton
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
| | - Anil V. Parwani
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Jenny Li
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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3
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Azani A, Omran SP, Ghasrsaz H, Idani A, Eliaderani MK, Peirovi N, Dokhani N, Lotfalizadeh MH, Rezaei MM, Ghahfarokhi MS, KarkonShayan S, Hanjani PN, Kardaan Z, Navashenagh JG, Yousefi M, Abdolahi M, Salmaninejad A. MicroRNAs as biomarkers for early diagnosis, targeting and prognosis of prostate cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154618. [PMID: 37331185 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Globally, prostate cancer (PC) is leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men worldwide. Despite significant advances in the treatment and management of this disease, the cure rates for PC remains low, largely due to late detection. PC detection is mostly reliant on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE); however, due to the low positive predictive value of current diagnostics, there is an urgent need to identify new accurate biomarkers. Recent studies support the biological role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the initiation and progression of PC, as well as their potential as novel biomarkers for patients' diagnosis, prognosis, and disease relapse. In the advanced stages, cancer-cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) may constitute a significant part of circulating vesicles and cause detectable changes in the plasma vesicular miRNA profile. Recent computational model for the identification of miRNA biomarkers discussed. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that miRNAs can be utilized to target PC cells. In this article, the current understanding of the role of microRNAs and exosomes in the pathogenesis and their significance in PC prognosis, early diagnosis, chemoresistance, and treatment are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Azani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sima Parvizi Omran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Ghasrsaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Asra Idani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Niloufar Peirovi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Dokhani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Sepideh KarkonShayan
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Parisa Najari Hanjani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zahra Kardaan
- Department of Cellular Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Meysam Yousefi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mitra Abdolahi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Regenerative Medicine, Organ Procurement and Transplantation Multi-Disciplinary Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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4
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Shortall J, Vasquez Osorio E, Green A, McWilliam A, Elumalai T, Reeves K, Johnson-Hart C, Beasley W, Hoskin P, Choudhury A, van Herk M. Dose outside of the prostate is associated with improved outcomes for high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with brachytherapy boost. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1200676. [PMID: 37397380 PMCID: PMC10311256 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1200676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One in three high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy recur. Detection of lymph node metastasis and microscopic disease spread using conventional imaging is poor, and many patients are under-treated due to suboptimal seminal vesicle or lymph node irradiation. We use Image Based Data Mining (IBDM) to investigate association between dose distributions, and prognostic variables and biochemical recurrence (BCR) in prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. We further test whether including dose information in risk-stratification models improves performance. Method Planning CTs, dose distributions and clinical information were collected for 612 high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with conformal hypo-fractionated radiotherapy, intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), or IMRT plus a single fraction high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy boost. Dose distributions (including HDR boost) of all studied patients were mapped to a reference anatomy using the prostate delineations. Regions where dose distributions significantly differed between patients that did and did-not experience BCR were assessed voxel-wise using 1) a binary endpoint of BCR at four-years (dose only) and 2) Cox-IBDM (dose and prognostic variables). Regions where dose was associated with outcome were identified. Cox proportional-hazard models with and without region dose information were produced and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to assess model performance. Results No significant regions were observed for patients treated with hypo-fractionated radiotherapy or IMRT. Regions outside the target where higher dose was associated with lower BCR were observed for patients treated with brachytherapy boost. Cox-IBDM revealed that dose response was influenced by age and T-stage. A region at the seminal vesicle tips was identified in binary- and Cox-IBDM. Including the mean dose in this region in a risk-stratification model (hazard ratio=0.84, p=0.005) significantly reduced AIC values (p=0.019), indicating superior performance, compared with prognostic variables only. The region dose was lower in the brachytherapy boost patients compared with the external beam cohorts supporting the occurrence of marginal misses. Conclusion Association was identified between BCR and dose outside of the target region in high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with IMRT plus brachytherapy boost. We show, for the first-time, that the importance of irradiating this region is linked to prognostic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Shortall
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Eliana Vasquez Osorio
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Green
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alan McWilliam
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Thriaviyam Elumalai
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberley Reeves
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Corinne Johnson-Hart
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - William Beasley
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hoskin
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ananya Choudhury
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel van Herk
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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5
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Yedla P, Babalghith AO, Andra VV, Syed R. PROTACs in the Management of Prostate Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093698. [PMID: 37175108 PMCID: PMC10179857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatments with targeted therapy have gained immense interest due to their low levels of toxicity and high selectivity. Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) have drawn special attention in the development of cancer therapeutics owing to their unique mechanism of action, their ability to target undruggable proteins, and their focused target engagement. PROTACs selectively degrade the target protein through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which describes a different mode of action compared to conventional small-molecule inhibitors or even antibodies. Among different cancer types, prostate cancer (PC) is the most prevalent non-cutaneous cancer in men. Genetic alterations and the overexpression of several genes, such as FOXA1, AR, PTEN, RB1, TP53, etc., suppress the immune response, resulting in drug resistance to conventional drugs in prostate cancer. Since the progression of ARV-110 (PROTAC for PC) into clinical phases, the focus of research has quickly shifted to protein degraders targeting prostate cancer. The present review highlights an overview of PROTACs in prostate cancer and their superiority over conventional inhibitors. We also delve into the underlying pathophysiology of the disease and explain the structural design and linkerology strategies for PROTAC molecules. Additionally, we touch on the various targets for PROTAC in prostate cancer, including the androgen receptor (AR) and other critical oncoproteins, and discuss the future prospects and challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornachandra Yedla
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology Hospitals, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500082, India
| | - Ahmed O Babalghith
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vindhya Vasini Andra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Omega Hospitals, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Riyaz Syed
- Department of Chemiinformatics, Centella Scientific, JHUB, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad 500085, India
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6
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Microbiota and prostate cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1058-1065. [PMID: 34536504 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed non-skin malignancy in male patients, still representing one of the main causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Evidence is mounting that suggests the putative role of microbiota in the carcinogenesis as well as in modulating the efficacy and activity of anticancer treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies) in a large number of hematological and solid tumors. However, few data are available regarding the interactions between prostate cancer and microbiome so far, in particular in terms of the impact of microbiota on disease development, pathogenesis, and response to medical treatments in this genitourinary malignancy. Herein, we provide an overview of current knowledge, novel insights and emerging therapeutic approaches related to gastrointestinal and genitourinary microbiome in prostate cancer patients, especially focusing on available evidence and published trials on this topic.
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7
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Morais M, Machado V, Dias F, Figueiredo P, Palmeira C, Martins G, Fernandes R, Malheiro AR, Mikkonen KS, Teixeira AL, Medeiros R. Glucose-Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles as a Potential New Therapy Agent Targeting Hormone-Resistant Prostate Cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4321-4337. [PMID: 36147546 PMCID: PMC9489222 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s364862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have shown great potential as anticancer agents, namely in therapies’ resistant forms of cancer. The progression of prostate cancer (PCa) to resistant forms of the disease (castration-resistant PCa, CRPC) is associated with poor prognosis and life quality, with current limited therapeutic options. CRPC is characterized by a high glucose consumption, which poses as an opportunity to direct AgNPs to these cancer cells. Thus, this study explores the effect of glucose functionalization of AgNPs in PCa and CRPC cell lines (LNCaP, Du-145 and PC-3). Methods AgNPs were synthesized, further functionalized, and their physical and chemical composition was characterized both in water and in culture medium, through UV-visible spectrum, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Their effect was assessed in the cell lines regarding AgNPs’ entering pathway, cellular proliferation capacity, ROS production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis evaluation. Results AgNPs displayed an average size of 61nm and moderate monodispersity with a slight increase after functionalization, and a round shape. These characteristics remained stable when redispersed in culture medium. Both AgNPs and G-AgNPs were cytotoxic only to CRPC cells and not to hormone-sensitive ones and their effect was higher after functionalization showing the potential of glucose to favor AgNPs’ uptake by cancer cells. Entering through endocytosis and being encapsulated in lysosomes, the NPs increased the ROS, inducing mitochondrial damage, and arresting cell cycle in S Phase, therefore blocking proliferation, and inducing apoptosis. Conclusion The nanoparticles synthesized in the present study revealed good characteristics and stability for administration to cancer cells. Their uptake through endocytosis leads to promising cytotoxic effects towards CRPC cells, revealing the potential of G-AgNPs as a future therapeutic approach to improve the management of patients with PCa resistant to hormone therapy or metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Morais
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Research Center-LAB2, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.,ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-513, Portugal
| | - Vera Machado
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Research Center-LAB2, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Francisca Dias
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Research Center-LAB2, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Figueiredo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Carlos Palmeira
- Department of Immunology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.,Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Research Center-LAB2, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.,Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University (UFP), Porto, 4249-004, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Martins
- Department of Immunology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.,Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Research Center-LAB2, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Rui Fernandes
- HEMS-Histology and Electron Microscopy, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.,IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Malheiro
- HEMS-Histology and Electron Microscopy, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.,IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kirsi S Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Ana Luísa Teixeira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Research Center-LAB2, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.,ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-513, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Research Center-LAB2, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.,ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-513, Portugal.,Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University (UFP), Porto, 4249-004, Portugal.,Research Department, LPCC- Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal
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8
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Cresta Morgado P, Mateo J. Clinical implications of homologous recombination repair mutations in prostate cancer. Prostate 2022; 82 Suppl 1:S45-S59. [PMID: 35657156 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a disease with significant interpatient genomics, with a proportion of patients presenting mutations in key homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene aberrations, particularly in late-stage disease. A better understanding of the genomic landscape of prostate cancer and the prognostic and predictive value of HRR mutations could lead to more precise care for prostate cancer patients. BRCA1/2 mutations are associated with a more aggressive disease course and higher risk of developing lethal prostate cancer, but also identify patients who could benefit from directed therapeutic strategies with PARP inhibitors. Other HRR mutations are also frequent but their prognostic and predictive value for prostate cancer patients is less clear. Moreover, a proportion of these mutations are associated with inherited germline defects, being relevant for the patients' risk of second malignancies but also to inform their relatives' risk of cancer through cascade testing. In this manuscript, we review current knowledge of the prognostic and predictive value for different HHR alterations across the different prostate cancer disease states. Additionally, we assess the challenges to implement genomic testing in clinical practice for prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cresta Morgado
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Prostate Cancer Translational Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Mateo
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Prostate Cancer Translational Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Prostate cancer histopathology using label-free multispectral deep-UV microscopy quantifies phenotypes of tumor aggressiveness and enables multiple diagnostic virtual stains. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9329. [PMID: 35665770 PMCID: PMC9167293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying prostate cancer patients that are harboring aggressive forms of prostate cancer remains a significant clinical challenge. Here we develop an approach based on multispectral deep-ultraviolet (UV) microscopy that provides novel quantitative insight into the aggressiveness and grade of this disease, thus providing a new tool to help address this important challenge. We find that UV spectral signatures from endogenous molecules give rise to a phenotypical continuum that provides unique structural insight (i.e., molecular maps or “optical stains") of thin tissue sections with subcellular (nanoscale) resolution. We show that this phenotypical continuum can also be applied as a surrogate biomarker of prostate cancer malignancy, where patients with the most aggressive tumors show a ubiquitous glandular phenotypical shift. In addition to providing several novel “optical stains” with contrast for disease, we also adapt a two-part Cycle-consistent Generative Adversarial Network to translate the label-free deep-UV images into virtual hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images, thus providing multiple stains (including the gold-standard H&E) from the same unlabeled specimen. Agreement between the virtual H&E images and the H&E-stained tissue sections is evaluated by a panel of pathologists who find that the two modalities are in excellent agreement. This work has significant implications towards improving our ability to objectively quantify prostate cancer grade and aggressiveness, thus improving the management and clinical outcomes of prostate cancer patients. This same approach can also be applied broadly in other tumor types to achieve low-cost, stain-free, quantitative histopathological analysis.
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Shiradkar R, Ghose S, Mahran A, Li L, Hubbard I, Fu P, Tirumani SH, Ponsky L, Purysko A, Madabhushi A. Prostate Surface Distension and Tumor Texture Descriptors From Pre-Treatment MRI Are Associated With Biochemical Recurrence Following Radical Prostatectomy: Preliminary Findings. Front Oncol 2022; 12:841801. [PMID: 35669420 PMCID: PMC9163353 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.841801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To derive and evaluate the association of prostate shape distension descriptors from T2-weighted MRI (T2WI) with prostate cancer (PCa) biochemical recurrence (BCR) post-radical prostatectomy (RP) independently and in conjunction with texture radiomics of PCa. Methods This retrospective study comprised 133 PCa patients from two institutions who underwent 3T-MRI prior to RP and were followed up with PSA measurements for ≥3 years. A 3D shape atlas-based approach was adopted to derive prostate shape distension descriptors from T2WI, and these descriptors were used to train a random forest classifier (CS) to predict BCR. Texture radiomics was derived within PCa regions of interest from T2WI and ADC maps, and another machine learning classifier (CR) was trained for BCR. An integrated classifier CS+R was then trained using predictions from CS and CR. These models were trained on D1 (N = 71, 27 BCR+) and evaluated on independent hold-out set D2 (N = 62, 12 BCR+). CS+R was compared against pre-RP, post-RP clinical variables, and extant nomograms for BCR-free survival (bFS) at 3 years. Results CS+R resulted in a higher AUC (0.75) compared to CR (0.70, p = 0.04) and CS (0.69, p = 0.01) on D2 in predicting BCR. On univariable analysis, CS+R achieved a higher hazard ratio (2.89, 95% CI 0.35–12.81, p < 0.01) compared to other pre-RP clinical variables for bFS. CS+R, pathologic Gleason grade, extraprostatic extension, and positive surgical margins were associated with bFS (p < 0.05). CS+R resulted in a higher C-index (0.76 ± 0.06) compared to CAPRA (0.69 ± 0.09, p < 0.01) and Decipher risk (0.59 ± 0.06, p < 0.01); however, it was comparable to post-RP CAPRA-S (0.75 ± 0.02, p = 0.07). Conclusions Radiomic shape descriptors quantifying prostate surface distension complement texture radiomics of prostate cancer on MRI and result in an improved association with biochemical recurrence post-radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Shiradkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Rakesh Shiradkar,
| | - Soumya Ghose
- GE Global Research, Niskayuna, NY, United States
| | - Amr Mahran
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Isaac Hubbard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Pingfu Fu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sree Harsha Tirumani
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Lee Ponsky
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Andrei Purysko
- Department of Abdominal Imaging and Nuclear Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anant Madabhushi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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SNAP25 is a potential prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:144. [PMID: 35392903 PMCID: PMC8991690 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most lethal cancers in male individuals. The synaptosome associated protein 25 (SNAP25) gene is a key mediator of multiple biological functions in tumors. However, its significant impact on the prognosis in PCa remains to be elucidated. METHODS We performed a comprehensive analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas dataset (TCGA) to identify the differentially expressed genes between PCa and normal prostate tissue. We subjected the differentially expressed genes to gene ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional analysis, and constructed a protein-protein interaction network. We then screened for pivotal genes to identify the hub genes of prognostic significance by performing Cox regression analysis. We identified SNAP25 as one such gene and analyzed the relationship between its expression in PCa to poor prognosis using GEPIA interactive web server. RESULTS TCGA database demonstrated that SNAP25 was significantly downregulated in PCa. The progressive decrease in SNAP25 expression with the increase in the clinical staging and grading of PCa demonstrates that reduced SNAP25 expression considerably exacerbates the clinical presentation. Our findings confirm that SNAP25 expression strongly correlates with overall survival, which was determined using the Gleason score. We also validated the role of SNAP25 expression in the prognosis of patients with PCa. We used Gene Set Enrichment and Gene Ontology analyses to evaluate the function of SNAP25 and further explored the association between SNAP25 expression and tumor-infiltrating immune cells using the Tumor Immune Assessment Resource database. We found for the first time that SNAP25 is involved in the activation, differentiation, and migration of immune cells in PCa. Its expression was positively correlated with immune cell infiltration, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells. SNAP25 expression also positively correlated with chemokines/chemokine receptors, suggesting that SNAP25 may regulate the migration of immune cells. In addition, our experimental results verified the low expression of SNAP25 in PCa cells. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate a relationship between SNAP25 expression and PCa, demonstrating that SNAP25 is a potential prognostic biomarker due to its vital role in immune infiltration.
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Mangolini A, Rocca C, Bassi C, Ippolito C, Negrini M, Dell'Atti L, Lanza G, Gafà R, Bianchi N, Pinton P, Aguiari G. DETECTION OF DISEASE‐CAUSING MUTATIONS IN PROSTATE CANCER BY NGS SEQUENCING. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1047-1061. [PMID: 35347810 PMCID: PMC9320837 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gene mutations may affect the fate of many tumors including prostate cancer (PCa); therefore, the research of specific mutations associated with tumor outcomes might help the urologist to identify the best therapy for PCa patients such as surgical resection, adjuvant therapy or active surveillance. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from 48 paraffin‐embedded PCa samples and normal paired tissues. Next, gDNA was amplified and analyzed by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) using a specific gene panel for PCa. Raw data were refined to exclude false‐positive mutations; thus, variants with coverage and frequency lower than 100× and 5%, respectively were removed. Mutation significance was processed by Genomic Evolutionary Rate Profiling, ClinVar, and Varsome tools. Most of 3000 mutations (80%) were single nucleotide variants and the remaining 20% indels. After raw data elaboration, 312 variants were selected. Most mutated genes were KMT2D (26.45%), FOXA1 (16.13%), ATM (15.81%), ZFHX3 (9.35%), TP53 (8.06%), and APC (5.48%). Hot spot mutations in FOXA1, ATM, ZFHX3, SPOP, and MED12 were also found. Truncating mutations of ATM, lesions lying in hot spot regions of SPOP and FOXA1 as well as mutations of TP53 correlated with poor prognosis. Importantly, we have also found some germline mutations associated with hereditary cancer‐predisposing syndrome. gDNA sequencing of 48 cancer tissues by NGS allowed to detect new tumor variants as well as confirmed lesions in genes linked to prostate cancer. Overall, somatic and germline mutations linked to good/poor prognosis could represent new prognostic tools to improve the management of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mangolini
- Department of Neuroscience and RehabilitationUniversity of Ferraravia fossato di mortara, 7444121FerraraItaly
| | - Christian Rocca
- UO Urology, St Anna Hospital, via Aldo Moro 844124FerraraItaly
| | - Cristian Bassi
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Ferraravia Luigi Borsari 4644121FerraraItaly
| | | | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Ferraravia Luigi Borsari 4644121FerraraItaly
| | - Lucio Dell'Atti
- Division of Urology, Department of Clinical, Special and Dental Science, University Hospital "Ospedali Riuniti", Marche Polytechnic University, 71 Conca Street60126AnconaItaly
| | - Giovanni Lanza
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Ferraravia Luigi Borsari 4644121FerraraItaly
| | - Roberta Gafà
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Ferraravia Luigi Borsari 4644121FerraraItaly
| | - Nicoletta Bianchi
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Ferraravia Luigi Borsari 4644121FerraraItaly
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of Ferraravia fossato di mortara, 64/B44121FerraraItaly
| | - Gianluca Aguiari
- Department of Neuroscience and RehabilitationUniversity of Ferraravia fossato di mortara, 7444121FerraraItaly
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13
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Liu Z, Wang Q, Zhai G, Ke S, Yu X, Guo J. SLC4A4 promotes prostate cancer progression in vivo and in vitro via AKT-mediated signalling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:127. [PMID: 35305629 PMCID: PMC8933877 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related male deaths worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of homo sapiens solute carrier family 4 member 4 (SLC4A4), which encodes the electrogenic Na+/HCO3− cotransporter isoform 1 (NBCe1), in the development and progression of PCa.
Methods
The expression levels of SLC4A4 in PCa and normal prostate tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The SLC4A4 knockdown cell model was structured by lentiviral infection, and the knockdown efficiency was validated by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The effects of SLC4A4 knockdown on cell proliferation, apoptosis and cycle, migration, and invasion were detected by Celigo cell counting assay and CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry analysis, wound-healing, and Transwell assay, respectively. Tumor growth in nude mice was surveyed by in vivo imaging and Ki-67 staining. Furthermore, underlying mechanism of SLC4A4 silence induced inhibition of PCa progression was explored by human phospho-kinase array.
Results
Our results revealed that SLC4A4 expression was up-regulated in PCa tissues and human PCa cell lines. High expression of SLC4A4 in tumor specimens was significantly correlated with disease progression. SLC4A4 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while facilitated apoptosis, which was also confirmed in vivo. Moreover, SLC4A4 promoted PCa progression through the AKT-mediated signalling pathway.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicated that SLC4A4 overexpression was closely associated with the progression of PCa; SLC4A4 knockdown suppressed PCa development in vitro and in vivo. SLC4A4 acts as a tumor promotor in PCa by regulating key components of the AKT pathway and may therefore act as a potential therapeutic target for PCa treatment.
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Palicelli A, Croci S, Bisagni A, Zanetti E, De Biase D, Melli B, Sanguedolce F, Ragazzi M, Zanelli M, Chaux A, Cañete-Portillo S, Bonasoni MP, Ascani S, De Leo A, Giordano G, Landriscina M, Carrieri G, Cormio L, Gandhi J, Nicoli D, Farnetti E, Piana S, Tafuni A, Bonacini M. What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review (Part 6): Correlation of PD-L1 Expression with the Status of Mismatch Repair System, BRCA, PTEN, and Other Genes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:236. [PMID: 35203446 PMCID: PMC8868626 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) is allowed in selected metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PC) patients showing microsatellite instability/mismatch repair system deficiency (MSI-H/dMMR). BRCA1/2 loss-of-function is linked to hereditary PCs and homologous recombination DNA-repair system deficiency: poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase inhibitors can be administered to BRCA-mutated PC patients. Recently, docetaxel-refractory metastatic castration-resistant PC patients with BRCA1/2 or ATM somatic mutations had higher response rates to pembrolizumab. PTEN regulates cell cycle/proliferation/apoptosis through pathways including the AKT/mTOR, which upregulates PD-L1 expression in PC. Our systematic literature review (PRISMA guidelines) investigated the potential correlations between PD-L1 and MMR/MSI/BRCA/PTEN statuses in PC, discussing few other relevant genes. Excluding selection biases, 74/677 (11%) PCs showed dMMR/MSI; 8/67 (12%) of dMMR/MSI cases were PD-L1+. dMMR-PCs included ductal (3%) and acinar (14%) PCs (all cases tested for MSI were acinar-PCs). In total, 15/39 (39%) PCs harbored BRCA1/2 aberrations: limited data are available for PD-L1 expression in these patients. 13/137 (10%) PTEN- PCs were PD-L1+; 10/29 (35%) PD-L1+ PCs showed PTEN negativity. SPOP mutations may increase PD-L1 levels, while the potential correlation between PD-L1 and ERG expression in PC should be clarified. Further research should verify how the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in metastatic castration-resistant PCs is related to dMMR/MSI, DNA-damage repair genes defects, or PD-L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palicelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (S.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Stefania Croci
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Alessandra Bisagni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (S.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Eleonora Zanetti
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (S.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Melli
- Fertility Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Moira Ragazzi
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (S.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Magda Zanelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (S.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Alcides Chaux
- Department of Scientific Research, School of Postgraduate Studies, Norte University, Asuncion 1614, Paraguay;
| | - Sofia Cañete-Portillo
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Maria Paola Bonasoni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (S.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Stefano Ascani
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy;
- Haematopathology Unit, CREO, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio De Leo
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Guido Giordano
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Luigi Cormio
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Jatin Gandhi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Davide Nicoli
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.N.); (E.F.)
| | - Enrico Farnetti
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.N.); (E.F.)
| | - Simonetta Piana
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (S.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Alessandro Tafuni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (S.P.); (A.T.)
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Bonacini
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
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Role of Precision Oncology in Type II Endometrial and Prostate Cancers in the African Population: Global Cancer Genomics Disparities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020628. [PMID: 35054814 PMCID: PMC8776204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision oncology can be defined as molecular profiling of tumors to identify targetable alterations. Emerging research reports the high mortality rates associated with type II endometrial cancer in black women and with prostate cancer in men of African ancestry. The lack of adequate genetic reference information from the African genome is one of the major obstacles in exploring the benefits of precision oncology in the African context. Whilst external factors such as the geography, environment, health-care access and socio-economic status may contribute greatly towards the disparities observed in type II endometrial and prostate cancers in black populations compared to Caucasians, the contribution of African ancestry to the contribution of genetics to the etiology of these cancers cannot be ignored. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) continue to emerge as important regulators of gene expression and the key molecular pathways involved in tumorigenesis. Particular attention is focused on activated/repressed genes and associated pathways, while the redundant pathways (pathways that have the same outcome or activate the same downstream effectors) are often ignored. However, comprehensive evidence to understand the relationship between type II endometrial cancer, prostate cancer and African ancestry remains poorly understood. The sub-Saharan African (SSA) region has both the highest incidence and mortality of both type II endometrial and prostate cancers. Understanding how the entire transcriptomic landscape of these two reproductive cancers is regulated by ncRNAs in an African cohort may help elucidate the relationship between race and pathological disparities of these two diseases. This review focuses on global disparities in medicine, PCa and ECa. The role of precision oncology in PCa and ECa in the African population will also be discussed.
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Arginine and Arginases Modulate Metabolism, Tumor Microenvironment and Prostate Cancer Progression. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124503. [PMID: 34960055 PMCID: PMC8704013 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine availability and activation of arginine-related pathways at cancer sites have profound effects on the tumor microenvironment, far beyond their well-known role in the hepatic urea cycle. Arginine metabolism impacts not only malignant cells but also the surrounding immune cells behavior, modulating growth, survival, and immunosurveillance mechanisms, either through an arginase-mediated effect on polyamines and proline synthesis, or by the arginine/nitric oxide pathway in tumor cells, antitumor T-cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and macrophages. This review presents evidence concerning the impact of arginine metabolism and arginase activity in the prostate cancer microenvironment, highlighting the recent advances in immunotherapy, which might be relevant for prostate cancer. Even though further research is required, arginine deprivation may represent a novel antimetabolite strategy for the treatment of arginine-dependent prostate cancer.
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Palicelli A, Croci S, Bisagni A, Zanetti E, De Biase D, Melli B, Sanguedolce F, Ragazzi M, Zanelli M, Chaux A, Cañete-Portillo S, Bonasoni MP, Soriano A, Ascani S, Zizzo M, Castro Ruiz C, De Leo A, Giordano G, Landriscina M, Carrieri G, Cormio L, Berney DM, Gandhi J, Nicoli D, Farnetti E, Santandrea G, Bonacini M. What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 5: Epigenetic Regulation of PD-L1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12314. [PMID: 34830196 PMCID: PMC8619683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations (including DNA methylation or miRNAs) influence oncogene/oncosuppressor gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Prostate cancer (PC) displays a complex genetic and epigenetic regulation of cell-growth pathways and tumor progression. We performed a systematic literature review (following PRISMA guidelines) focused on the epigenetic regulation of PD-L1 expression in PC. In PC cell lines, CpG island methylation of the CD274 promoter negatively regulated PD-L1 expression. Histone modifiers also influence the PD-L1 transcription rate: the deletion or silencing of the histone modifiers MLL3/MML1 can positively regulate PD-L1 expression. Epigenetic drugs (EDs) may be promising in reprogramming tumor cells, reversing epigenetic modifications, and cancer immune evasion. EDs promoting a chromatin-inactive transcriptional state (such as bromodomain or p300/CBP inhibitors) downregulated PD-L1, while EDs favoring a chromatin-active state (i.e., histone deacetylase inhibitors) increased PD-L1 expression. miRNAs can regulate PD-L1 at a post-transcriptional level. miR-195/miR-16 were negatively associated with PD-L1 expression and positively correlated to longer biochemical recurrence-free survival; they also enhanced the radiotherapy efficacy in PC cell lines. miR-197 and miR-200a-c positively correlated to PD-L1 mRNA levels and inversely correlated to the methylation of PD-L1 promoter in a large series. miR-570, miR-34a and miR-513 may also be involved in epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palicelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Stefania Croci
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Alessandra Bisagni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Eleonora Zanetti
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Melli
- Fertility Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | | | - Moira Ragazzi
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Magda Zanelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Alcides Chaux
- Department of Scientific Research, School of Postgraduate Studies, Norte University, Asunción 1614, Paraguay;
| | - Sofia Cañete-Portillo
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Maria Paola Bonasoni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Alessandra Soriano
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Gastroenterology Division, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Ascani
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy;
- Haematopathology Unit, CREO, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zizzo
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Carolina Castro Ruiz
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Antonio De Leo
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Guido Giordano
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Luigi Cormio
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Daniel M. Berney
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 5PZ, UK;
| | - Jatin Gandhi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Davide Nicoli
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.N.); (E.F.)
| | - Enrico Farnetti
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.N.); (E.F.)
| | - Giacomo Santandrea
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Martina Bonacini
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
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Palicelli A, Croci S, Bisagni A, Zanetti E, De Biase D, Melli B, Sanguedolce F, Ragazzi M, Zanelli M, Chaux A, Cañete-Portillo S, Bonasoni MP, Soriano A, Ascani S, Zizzo M, Castro Ruiz C, De Leo A, Giordano G, Landriscina M, Carrieri G, Cormio L, Berney DM, Gandhi J, Copelli V, Bernardelli G, Santandrea G, Bonacini M. What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 3: PD-L1, Intracellular Signaling Pathways and Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12330. [PMID: 34830209 PMCID: PMC8618001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes immune (T, B, NK, dendritic), stromal, mesenchymal, endothelial, adipocytic cells, extracellular matrix, and cytokines/chemokines/soluble factors regulating various intracellular signaling pathways (ISP) in tumor cells. TME influences the survival/progression of prostate cancer (PC), enabling tumor cell immune-evasion also through the activation of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. We have performed a systematic literature review according to the PRISMA guidelines, to investigate how the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is influenced by TME and ISPs. Tumor immune-escape mechanisms include suppression/exhaustion of tumor infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes, inhibition of tumor suppressive NK cells, increase in immune-suppressive immune cells (regulatory T, M2 macrophagic, myeloid-derived suppressor, dendritic, stromal, and adipocytic cells). IFN-γ (the most investigated factor), TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, IL-15, IL-27, complement factor C5a, and other soluble molecules secreted by TME components (and sometimes increased in patients' serum), as well as and hypoxia, influenced the regulation of PD-L1. Experimental studies using human and mouse PC cell lines (derived from either androgen-sensitive or androgen-resistant tumors) revealed that the intracellular ERK/MEK, Akt-mTOR, NF-kB, WNT and JAK/STAT pathways were involved in PD-L1 upregulation in PC. Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling by using immunotherapy drugs can prevent tumor immune-escape, increasing the anti-tumor activity of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palicelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Stefania Croci
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Alessandra Bisagni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Eleonora Zanetti
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Melli
- Fertility Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | | | - Moira Ragazzi
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Magda Zanelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Alcides Chaux
- Department of Scientific Research, School of Postgraduate Studies, Norte University, Asunción 1614, Paraguay;
| | - Sofia Cañete-Portillo
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Maria Paola Bonasoni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Alessandra Soriano
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Gastroenterology Division, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Ascani
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy;
- Haematopathology Unit, CREO, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zizzo
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Carolina Castro Ruiz
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Antonio De Leo
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Guido Giordano
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Luigi Cormio
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Daniel M. Berney
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 5PZ, UK;
| | - Jatin Gandhi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Valerio Copelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuditta Bernardelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Giacomo Santandrea
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Martina Bonacini
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
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Parra-Medina R, Barahona-Correa J, Chaves JJ, Páyan-Gomez C, Ramirez-Clavijo S, Fenández-Ávila DG, Rosselli D. Prevalence and Demographic Characteristics of Prostate Cancer Patients in Colombia: data from the National Health Registry from 2015 to 2019. Rev Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective Prostate cancer is a multifactorial disease and is among the top five causes of death in men worldwide. The Colombian Ministry of Health has adopted the Integrated Information System on Social Protection (Sistema Integrado de Información de la Protección Social, SISPRO, by its Spanish acronym) registry to collect comprehensive information from the Colombian health system. The system provides close to universal coverage (around 95%). We aimed to establish the prevalence of prostate cancer in Colombia and to describe its demographics, based on data provided by SISPRO, openly available for scientific analysis.
Methods Using the SISPRO data from 2015 through 2019, we analyzed the prevalence and demographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer.
Results We identified a total of 43,862 patients with prostate cancer in the 5-year period and estimated a prevalence of 4.54 cases per 1,000 habitants, using as denominator males over 35 years old. We calculated a prevalence of early-onset prostate cancer (i.e., 35–54 years) of 0.14 per 1,000 habitants (791 cases in 5 years). The highest prevalence was observed in patients > 80 years (33.45 per 1,000 habitants). The departments with the highest prevalence were Bogotá, Valle del Cauca, Risaralda, and Boyacá, and the region with the lowest prevalence was Amazonas.
Conclusion We describe the prevalence and demographics of prostate cancer in Colombia using the national healthcare system database. We observed that the prevalence has been increasing over time, and the distribution is variable according to regions, which may be related to racial or environmental causes, or access to the urologist. These factors should be addressed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Parra-Medina
- Department of Pathology, Instituto de Investigación, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Juan Jose Chaves
- Department of Pathology, Instituto de Investigación, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - César Páyan-Gomez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sandra Ramirez-Clavijo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniel G. Fenández-Ávila
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego Rosselli
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Zhang M, Sun Y, Huang CP, Luo J, Zhang L, Meng J, Liang C, Chang C. Targeting the Lnc-OPHN1-5/androgen receptor/hnRNPA1 complex increases Enzalutamide sensitivity to better suppress prostate cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:855. [PMID: 34545067 PMCID: PMC8452728 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to play critical roles in regulating gene expression, but their function in translational control is poorly understood. We found lnc-OPHN1-5, which lies close to the androgen receptor (AR) gene on chromosome X, increased prostate cancer (PCa) Enzalutamide (Enz) sensitivity via decreasing AR protein expression and associated activity. Mechanism dissection revealed that lnc-OPHN1-5 interacted with AR-mRNA to minimize its interaction with the RNA binding protein (RBP) hnRNPA1. Suppressing lnc-OPHN1-5 expression promoted the interaction between AR-mRNA and hnRNPA1, followed by an increase of ribosome association with AR-mRNA and translation. This effect was reversed by increasing lnc-OPHN1-5 expression. Consistently, the in vivo mice model confirmed that knocking down lnc-OPHN1-5 expression in tumors significantly increased the tumor formation rate and AR protein expression compared with the control group. Furthermore, knocking down hnRNPA1 blocked/reversed shlnc-OPHN1-5-increased AR protein expression and re-sensitized cells to Enz treatment efficacy. Evidence from Enz-resistant cell lines, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, clinical samples, and a human PCa study accordantly suggested that patients with low expression of lnc-OPHN1-5 likely have unfavorable prognoses and probably are less sensitive to Enz treatment. In summary, targeting this newly identified lnc-OPHN1-5/AR/hnRNPA1 complex may help develop novel therapies to increase Enz treatment sensitivity for suppressing the PCa at an advanced stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Institute of Urology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yin Sun
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chi-Ping Huang
- Department of Urology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jie Luo
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jialin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Urology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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21
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Lopes N, Pacheco MB, Soares-Fernandes D, Correia MP, Camilo V, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Hydralazine and Enzalutamide: Synergistic Partners against Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080976. [PMID: 34440180 PMCID: PMC8391120 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancers frequently develop resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy with serious implications for patient survival. Considering their importance in this type of neoplasia, epigenetic modifications have drawn attention as alternative treatment strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the antitumoral effects of the combination of hydralazine, a DNA methylation inhibitor, with enzalutamide, an antagonist of the androgen receptor, in prostate cancer cell lines. Several biological parameters, such as cell viability, proliferation, DNA damage, and apoptosis, as well as clonogenic and invasive potential, were evaluated. The individual treatments with hydralazine and enzalutamide exerted growth-inhibitory effects in prostate cancer cells and their combined treatment displayed synergistic effects. The combination of these two drugs was very effective in decreasing malignant features of prostate cancer and may become an alternative therapeutic option for prostate cancer patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nair Lopes
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (N.L.); (M.B.P.); (D.S.-F.); (M.P.C.); (V.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Mariana Brütt Pacheco
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (N.L.); (M.B.P.); (D.S.-F.); (M.P.C.); (V.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Diana Soares-Fernandes
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (N.L.); (M.B.P.); (D.S.-F.); (M.P.C.); (V.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Margareta P. Correia
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (N.L.); (M.B.P.); (D.S.-F.); (M.P.C.); (V.C.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vânia Camilo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (N.L.); (M.B.P.); (D.S.-F.); (M.P.C.); (V.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (N.L.); (M.B.P.); (D.S.-F.); (M.P.C.); (V.C.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (N.L.); (M.B.P.); (D.S.-F.); (M.P.C.); (V.C.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225-084-000; Fax: +351-225-084-047
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22
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Fusion Protein Vaccine Based on Ag85B and STEAP1 Induces a Protective Immune Response against Prostate Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070786. [PMID: 34358202 PMCID: PMC8310044 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: There are currently limited treatments for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Immunotherapy involving Sipuleucel-T has increasingly drawn attention for prostate cancer management. BCG plays a vital role in treating bladder cancer, mainly by inducing immune activation, but is rarely used for prostate cancer. (2) Methods: The TCGA database, PCR, and Western blotting were used to analyze the expression of STEAP1 in mouse and human tissues. Then, we constructed a fusion protein vaccine with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ag85B and three repeated octapeptide epitopes of a six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1186-193), Ag85B-3×STEAP1186-193. The uptake of the fusion protein vaccine by DCs was evaluated by confocal microscopy, and DC markers were detected using flow cytometry after incubation with the fusion protein. The immune response against prostate cancer was evaluated by the LDH assay and xenografts in vitro and in vivo. Then, the tumor microenvironment was determined using IHC and ELISA. In addition, the epitope was mutated using CRISPR-Cas9 to illustrate that the fusion protein elicited immunization against STEAP1. (3) Results: The TCGA database analysis, PCR, and Western blotting showed that STEAP1 was highly expressed in human and murine prostate cancer. After the uptake of the purified fusion protein vaccine by DCs, CD11c, CD80, CD86, and MHC II were upregulated and triggered a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against TRAMP-C1 and RM1 cells in vitro. Furthermore, the fusion protein vaccine inhibited tumor growth and improved the tumor microenvironment in vivo, with more CD3+ cells and fewer FOXP3+ cells in the tumor. Serum IFN-γ and IL-2 were significantly higher than in the control group, while IL-4 expression was lower, indicating that the fusion protein vaccine activated Th1 immunity. The immune response against prostate cancer was greatly suppressed when the antigen targets were knocked out using CRISPR-Cas9. (4) Conclusion: In summary, our results provide the first evidence that a vaccine based on a fusion protein consisting of Ag85B and a prostate cancer octapeptide epitope with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), triggers a robust immune response and inhibits tumor growth in murine prostate cancer.
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Dzobo K, Dandara C. Broadening Drug Design and Targets to Tumor Microenvironment? Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Marker Expression in Cancers and Relevance for Survival Outcomes. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 24:340-351. [PMID: 32496971 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2020.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors have complex biology and structure comprising cancer cells, stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix. While most therapeutics target the cancer cells, recent data suggest that cancer cell behavior and response to treatment are markedly influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME). In particular, the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant stromal cells, and play a significant contextual role in shaping tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. CAFs have therefore emerged as part of the next-generation cancer drug design and discovery innovation strategy. We report here new findings on differential expression and prognostic significance of CAF markers in several cancers. We utilized two publicly available resources: The Cancer Genomic Atlas and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis. We examined the expression of CAF markers, ACTA2, S100A4, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta [PDGFR-β], CD10, and fibroblast activation protein-alpha (FAP-α), in tumor tissues versus the adjacent normal tissues. We found that CAF markers were differentially expressed in various different tumors such as colon, breast, and esophageal cancers and melanoma. No CAF marker is expressed in the same pattern in all cancers, however. Importantly, we report that patients with colon adenocarcinoma and esophageal carcinoma expressing high FAP-α and CD10, respectively, had significantly shorter overall survival, compared with those with low levels of these CAF markers (p < 0.05). We call for continued research on TME biology and clinical evaluation of the CAF markers ACTA2, S100A4, PDGFR-β, CD10, and FAP-α in relation to prognosis of solid cancers in large population samples. An effective cancer drug design and discovery roadmap in the 21st century ought to be broadly framed, and include molecular targets informed by both cancer cell and TME variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Collet Dandara
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Cronin R, Brooke GN, Prischi F. The role of the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase family in prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance. Oncogene 2021; 40:3775-3785. [PMID: 33972681 PMCID: PMC8175238 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly occurring cancer in men, with over a million new cases every year worldwide. Tumor growth and disease progression is mainly dependent on the Androgen Receptor (AR), a ligand dependent transcription factor. Standard PCa therapeutic treatments include androgen-deprivation therapy and AR signaling inhibitors. Despite being successful in controlling the disease in the majority of men, the high frequency of disease progression to aggressive and therapy resistant stages (termed castrate resistant prostate cancer) has led to the search for new therapeutic targets. The p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK1-4) family is a group of highly conserved Ser/Thr kinases that holds promise as a novel target. RSKs are effector kinases that lay downstream of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, and aberrant activation or expression of RSKs has been reported in several malignancies, including PCa. Despite their structural similarities, RSK isoforms have been shown to perform nonredundant functions and target a wide range of substrates involved in regulation of transcription and translation. In this article we review the roles of the RSKs in proliferation and motility, cell cycle control and therapy resistance in PCa, highlighting the possible interplay between RSKs and AR in mediating disease progression. In addition, we summarize the current advances in RSK inhibitor development and discuss their potential clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Cronin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Greg N Brooke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
| | - Filippo Prischi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
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25
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Biopolymer and Biomaterial Conjugated Iron Oxide Nanomaterials as Prostate Cancer Theranostic Agents: A Comprehensive Review. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13060974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men and the leading cause of death for men all over the world. Early diagnosis is the key to start treatment at an early stage of PCa and to reduce the death toll. Generally, PCa expresses characteristic morphologic features and serum biomarkers; however, early diagnosis is challenging due to its heterogeneity and long-term indolent phase in the early stage. Following positive diagnosis, PCa patients receive conventional treatments including surgery, radiation therapy, androgen deprivation therapy, focal therapy, and chemotherapy to enhance survival time and alleviate PCa-related complications. However, these treatment strategies have both short and long-term side effects, notably impotence, urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunctions, and recurrence of cancer. These limitations warrant the quest for novel PCa theranostic agents with robust diagnostic and therapeutic potentials to lessen the burden of PCa-related suffering. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have recently drawn attention for their symmetrical usage in the diagnosis and treatment of several cancer types. Here, we performed a systematic search in four popular online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science) for the articles regarding PCa and IONPs. Published literature confirmed that the surface modification of IONPs with biopolymers and diagnostic biomarkers improved the early diagnosis of PCa, even in the metastatic stage with reliable accuracy and sensitivity. Furthermore, fine-tuning of IONPs with biopolymers, nucleic acids, anticancer drugs, and bioactive compounds can improve the therapeutic efficacy of these anticancer agents against PCa. This review covers the symmetrical use of IONPs in the diagnosis and treatment of PCa, investigates their biocompatibility, and examines their potential as PCa theranostic agents.
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26
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Tong D. Unravelling the molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer evolution from genotype to phenotype. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 163:103370. [PMID: 34051300 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the Western society. Unfortunately, although the vast majority of patients are initially responsive to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), most cases eventually develop from hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The main reason is PC heterogeneity and evolution during therapy. PC evolution is a continuously progressive process with combination of genomic alterations including canonical AR, TMPRSS2-ERG fusion, SPOP/FOXA1, TP53/RB1/PTEN, BRCA2. Meanwhile, signaling pathways including PI3K, WNT/β-catenin, SRC, IL-6/STAT3 are activated, to promote epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cell (CSC)-like features/stemness and neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of PC. These improve our understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationships. The identification of canonical genetic alterations and signaling pathway activation in PC has shed more insight into genetic background, molecular subtype and disease landscape of PC evolution, resulting in a more flexible role of individual therapies targeting diverse genotype and phenotype presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Tong
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China.
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27
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Liu S, Huang D, Huang J, Yan J, Chen T, Zhang N, Jiang G, Gao Y, Xu D, Na R. Genome-wide Expression Analysis Identifies the Association between SEC14L2 and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Survival. J Cancer 2021; 12:2173-2180. [PMID: 33758595 PMCID: PMC7974876 DOI: 10.7150/jca.50299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mechanism of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is still unclear. Our objective is to investigate the association between genes expression and CRPC through the genome-wide approach and functional researches. Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PCa and CRPC tissues were identified using expression profile obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). Survival analysis was performed using online database Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Oncomine database was further used to explore the relationship between DEGs expression levels with clinical parameters. After in silico study, SEC14L2-knockdown CRPC cells and normal prostatic epithelial cells were used for in vitro study to verify its biological functions. Results: A total of 3 consistently changed DEGs (SEC14L2, DMD, SEL1L) were identified correlating with CRPC after cross validation in three independent datasets. Low expression of SEC14L2 was associated with poorer disease-free survival and higher Gleason score than normal/high expression of SEC14L2. SEC14L2 knockdown promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion as well as cell cycle progression in CRPC cells (all P<0.05) while no significant effects were observed in normal prostatic epithelial cells. Conclusions: Low expression of SEC14L2 was significantly associated with CRPC, and correlated with PCa aggressiveness and poorer prognosis. SEC14L2 might be a potential biomarker or drug target for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Liu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Huang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhe Chen
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangliang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danfeng Xu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Na
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem (Teaching affiliation of University of Chicago), Evanston, IL 60201, USA
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28
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Yuan P, Ling L, Gao X, Sun T, Miao J, Yuan X, Liu J, Wang Z, Liu B. Identification of RNA-binding protein SNRPA1 for prognosis in prostate cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:2895-2911. [PMID: 33460399 PMCID: PMC7880319 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in men. RNA-binding proteins play a critical role in human cancers; however, whether they have a significant effect on the prognosis of prostate cancer has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of RNA sequencing and clinical data from the Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and obtained differentially expressed RNA-binding proteins between prostate cancer and benign tissues. We constructed a protein-protein interaction network and Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify prognostic hub RNA-binding proteins. SNRPA1 was associated with the highest risk of poor prognosis and was therefore selected for further analysis. SNRPA1 expression was positively correlated with Gleason score and pathological TNM stage in prostate cancer patients. Furthermore, the expression profile of SNRPA1 was validated using the Oncomine, Human Protein Atlas, and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia databases. Meanwhile, the prognostic profile of SNRPA1 was successfully verified in GSE70769. Additionally, the results of molecular experiments revealed the proliferative role of SNRPA1 in prostate cancer cells. In summary, our findings evidenced a relationship between RNA-binding proteins and prostate cancer and indicated the prognostic significance of SNRPA1 in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Yuan
- Department of Urology Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Le Ling
- Department of Urology Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xintao Gao
- Department of Urology Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Taotao Sun
- Department of Urology Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jianping Miao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Urology Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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29
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tRNA Lys-Derived Fragment Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010055. [PMID: 33406670 PMCID: PMC7824007 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a standard treatment for prostate cancer, which is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men globally. However, patients who have undergone cisplatin can rxperience relapse. tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are small non-coding RNAs generated via tRNA cleavage; their physiological activities are linked to the development of human diseases. Specific tRFs, including tRF-315 derived from tRNALys, are highly expressed in prostate cancer patients. However, whether tRF-315 regulates prostate cancer cell proliferation or apoptosis is unclear. Herein, we confirmed that tRF-315 expression was higher in prostate cancer cells (LNCaP, DU145, and PC3) than in normal prostate cells. tRF-315 prevented cisplatin-induced apoptosis and alleviated cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in LNCaP and DU145 cells. Moreover, transfection of tRF-315 inhibitor increased the expression of apoptotic pathway-related proteins in LNCaP and DU145 cells. Furthermore, tRF-315 targeted the tumor suppressor gene GADD45A, thus regulating the cell cycle, which was altered by cisplatin in LNCaP and DU145 cells. Thus, tRF-315 protects prostate cancer cells from mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis induced by cisplatin treatment.
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30
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Chou YE, Yang PJ, Lin CY, Chen YY, Chiang WL, Lin PX, Huang ZY, Huang M, Ho YC, Yang SF. The Impact of HMGB1 Polymorphisms on Prostate Cancer Progression and Clinicopathological Characteristics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197247. [PMID: 33023053 PMCID: PMC7579148 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the major cancers of the genitourinary tract. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was suggested as a promising therapeutic target for prostate cancer. In this study, we aim to elucidate the associations of HMGB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with prostate cancer susceptibility and clinicopathological characteristics. The HMGB1 SNPs rs1412125, rs2249825, rs1045411, and rs1360485 in 579 prostate cancer patients and 579 cancer-free controls were analyzed with real-time polymerase chain reactions (real-time PCR). All of the data were evaluated with SAS statistical software. Our results showed that the HMGB1 rs1045411 T allele genotype was significantly associated with advanced pathologic T stage (odds ratio (OR) = 1.433, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.021–2.012; p = 0.037) and pathologic N1 stage (OR = 2.091, 95% CI = 1.160–3.767; p = 0.012), and the rs1360485 polymorphic CT + TT genotype was associated with pathologic Gleason grade group (4 + 5) (OR = 1.583, 95% CI = 1.017–2.462; p = 0.041), pathologic T stage (3 + 4) (OR = 1.482, 95% CI = 1.061–2.070; p = 0.021), and pathologic N1 stage (OR = 2.131, 95% CI = 1.178–3.852; p = 0.011) compared with their wild-type carriers. In conclusion, our results revealed that the HMGB1 SNPs were associated with the clinical status of prostate cancer. The HMGB1 SNPs may have the potential to predict prostate cancer disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Erh Chou
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-E.C.); (P.-J.Y.)
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Yang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-E.C.); (P.-J.Y.)
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Chen
- School of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Whei-Ling Chiang
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (P.-X.L.); (Z.-Y.H.)
| | - Pei-Xuan Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (P.-X.L.); (Z.-Y.H.)
| | - Zih-Yun Huang
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (P.-X.L.); (Z.-Y.H.)
| | - Matthew Huang
- White Oaks Secondary School, Oakville, ON L6H 1Z5, Canada;
| | - Yung-Chuan Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.H.); (S.-F.Y.)
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.H.); (S.-F.Y.)
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31
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Darrell CM, Montironi R, Paner GP. Potential biomarkers and risk assessment models to enhance the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging classification of urologic cancers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:921-932. [PMID: 32876523 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1816827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The anatomic-based TNM classification is considered the benchmark in cancer staging and has been regularly updated since its inception. In the current era of precision medicine, the added intention for future TNM modifications is to heighten its impact in the more 'personalized' level of cancer care. In urologic cancers, this goal may be achieved by incorporating 'non-anatomic' factors into TNM, such as biomarkers (e.g. gene alterations, molecular subtypes, genomic classifiers) and risk assessment models (e.g. nomogram, look-up table), while maintaining the anatomic extent as the foundation of staging. These different prognosticators can be combined and integrated, may serve as substratifiers for T, N, or M categories, and perhaps, incorporated as elements in TNM stage groupings to enhance their prognostic capability in urologic cancers. AREAS COVERED This review highlights candidate biomarkers and risk assessment models that can be explored to potentially improve TNM prognostication of bladder, prostate, kidney, and testicular cancers. EXPERT OPINION Recent advances in molecular analysis have increased the understanding of the genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic features for biomarker use in prognostication of urologic cancers, which together with the available risk assessment models, may complement and overcome the limitations of the traditional TNM staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Darrell
- Departments of Pathology, Section of Urology, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- School of Medicine, Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region , Ancona, Italy
| | - Gladell P Paner
- Departments of Pathology, Section of Urology, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA.,Departments of Surgery, Section of Urology, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
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32
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Ou A, Schmidberger JW, Wilson KA, Evans CW, Hargreaves JA, Grigg M, O'Mara ML, Iyer KS, Bond CS, Smith NM. High resolution crystal structure of a KRAS promoter G-quadruplex reveals a dimer with extensive poly-A π-stacking interactions for small-molecule recognition. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:5766-5776. [PMID: 32313953 PMCID: PMC7261167 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant KRAS signaling is a driver of many cancers and yet remains an elusive target for drug therapy. The nuclease hypersensitive element of the KRAS promoter has been reported to form secondary DNA structures called G-quadruplexes (G4s) which may play important roles in regulating KRAS expression, and has spurred interest in structural elucidation studies of the KRAS G-quadruplexes. Here, we report the first high-resolution crystal structure (1.6 Å) of a KRAS G-quadruplex as a 5'-head-to-head dimer with extensive poly-A π-stacking interactions observed across the dimer. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that the poly-A π-stacking interactions are also maintained in the G4 monomers. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations with two G4 ligands that display high stabilization of the KRAS G4 indicated the poly-A loop was a binding site for these ligands in addition to the 5'-G-tetrad. Given sequence and structural variability in the loop regions provide the opportunity for small-molecule targeting of specific G4s, we envisage this high-resolution crystal structure for the KRAS G-quadruplex will aid in the rational design of ligands to selectively target KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Ou
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jason W Schmidberger
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Katie A Wilson
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Cameron W Evans
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jessica A Hargreaves
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Melanie Grigg
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Megan L O'Mara
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - K Swaminathan Iyer
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Charles S Bond
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nicole M Smith
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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33
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Shin SH, Kim I, Lee JE, Lee M, Park JW. Loss of EGR3 is an independent risk factor for metastatic progression in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:5839-5854. [PMID: 32796959 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Identification of pro-metastatic genomic alterations is urgently needed to help understand and prevent the fatal course of prostate cancer. Here, we found that the transcription factor EGR3, located at chromosome 8p21.3, is a critical metastasis suppressor. Aberrant deletion of EGR3 was found in up to 59.76% (deep deletions, 16.87%; shallow deletions, 42.89%) of prostate cancer patients. In informatics analysis, EGR3 loss was associated with prostate cancer progression and low survival rates. EGR3 expression inversely correlated with the expressions of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis-related gene sets in prostate cancer tissues. In prostate cancer cells, EGR3 blocked the EMT process and suppressed cell migration and invasion. In a mouse model for cancer metastasis, EGR3 overexpression significantly suppressed bone metastases of PC3 and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells. Mechanistically, EGR3 transcriptionally activated ZFP36, GADD45B, and SOCS3 genes by directly binding to their promoter regions. The EMT-inhibitory and tumor-suppressive roles of the EGR3 downstream genes were identified through in vitro and in silico analyses. Together, our results showed that EGR3 may be a biomarker to predict clinical outcomes and that it plays an important role in the metastatic progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Iljin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Eun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mingyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Prostate cancer-derived holoclones: a novel and effective model for evaluating cancer stemness. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11329. [PMID: 32647229 PMCID: PMC7347552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer accounts for approximately 13.5% of all newly diagnosed male cancer cases. Significant clinical burdens remain in terms of ineffective prognostication, with overtreatment of insignificant disease. Additionally, the pathobiology underlying disease heterogeneity remains poorly understood. As the role of cancer stem cells in the perpetuation of aggressive carcinoma is being substantiated by experimental evidence, it is crucially important to understand the molecular mechanisms, which regulate key features of cancer stem cells. We investigated two methods for in vitro cultivation of putative prostate cancer stem cells based on ‘high-salt agar’ and ‘monoclonal cultivation’. Data demonstrated ‘monoclonal cultivation’ as the superior method. We demonstrated that ‘holoclones’ expressed canonical stem markers, retained the exclusive ability to generate poorly differentiated tumours in NOD/SCID mice and possessed a unique mRNA-miRNA gene signature. miRNA:Target interactions analysis visualised potentially critical regulatory networks, which are dysregulated in prostate cancer holoclones. The characterisation of this tumorigenic population lays the groundwork for this model to be used in the identification of proteomic or small non-coding RNA therapeutic targets for the eradication of this critical cellular population. This is significant, as it provides a potential route to limit development of aggressive disease and thus improve survival rates.
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35
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PAWI-2: A novel inhibitor for eradication of cancer. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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36
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Mehdi A, Cheishvili D, Arakelian A, Bismar TA, Szyf M, Rabbani SA. DNA methylation signatures of Prostate Cancer in peripheral T-cells. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:588. [PMID: 32576165 PMCID: PMC7310561 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men where advancements have been made for early detection using imaging techniques, however these are limited by lesion size. Immune surveillance has emerged as an effective approach for early detection and to monitor disease progression. In recent studies, we have shown that host peripheral blood immune cells undergo changes in DNA methylation in liver and breast cancer. Methods In the current study, we examined the DNA methylation status of peripheral blood T cells of men with positive biopsy for PCa versus men with negative biopsy having benign prostate tissue, defined as controls. T cells DNA was isolated and subjected to Illumina Infinium methylation EPIC array and validated using Illumina amplicon sequencing and pyrosequencing platforms. Results Differential methylation of 449 CG sites between control and PCa T cell DNA showed a correlation with Gleason score (p < 0.05). Two hundred twenty-three differentially methylated CGs between control and PCa (∆ß +/− 10%, p < 0.05), were enriched in pathways involved in immune surveillance system. Three CGs which were found differentially methylated following DMP (Differentially methylated probes) analysis of ChAMP remained significant after BH (Benjamini-Hochberg) correction, of which, 2 CGs were validated. Predictive ability of combination of these 3 CGs (polygenic methylation score, PMS) to detect PCa had high sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy. PMS also showed strong positive correlation with Gleason score and tumor volume of PCa patients. Conclusions Results from the current study provide for the first-time a potential role of DNA methylation changes in peripheral T cells in PCa. This non-invasive methodology may allow for early intervention and stratification of patients into different prognostic groups to reduce PCa associated morbidity from repeat invasive prostate biopsies and design therapeutic strategy to reduce PCa associated mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mehdi
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Cheishvili
- HKG Epitherapeutics, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ani Arakelian
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tarek A Bismar
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Oncology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shafaat A Rabbani
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd. (Glen site), Room EM1.3232, Montréal, QC, H4A3J1, Canada.
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Urupocidin C: a new marine guanidine alkaloid which selectively kills prostate cancer cells via mitochondria targeting. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9764. [PMID: 32555282 PMCID: PMC7299949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
New bicyclic guanidine alkaloid, urupocidin C (Ur-C) along with the previously known urupocidin A (Ur-A) were isolated from the rare deep-sea marine sponge Monanchora pulchra, harvested in Northwestern Pacific waters. The unique structure of Ur-C was elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as mass spectra. We discovered a promising selectivity of both alkaloids for human prostate cancer (PCa) cells, including highly drug-resistant lines, compared to non-malignant cells. In cancer cells, marine derived compounds were able to induce G1- and S-cell cycle arrest as well as caspase-mediated cell death. For the first time we have identified mitochondrial targeting as a central mechanism of anticancer action for these and similar molecules. Thus, treatment with the isolated alkaloids resulted in mitochondrial membrane permeabilization consequently leading to the release of cytotoxic mitochondrial proteins to cellular cytoplasm, ROS upregulation, consequent activation of caspase-9 and -3, followed by PARP cleavage, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis. Moreover, synergistic effects were observed when Ur-A and Ur-C were combined with clinically approved PARP inhibitor olaparib. Finally, these alkaloids exhibited additive effects in combination with docetaxel and androgen receptor inhibitor enzalutamide, both applied in PCa therapy. In conclusion, urupocidin-like compounds are promising lead molecules for the development of new drugs for the treatment of advanced PCa.
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38
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Adekoya TO, Smith N, Aladeniyi T, Blumer JB, Chen XL, Richardson RM. Activator of G protein signaling 3 modulates prostate tumor development and progression. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:1504-1513. [PMID: 31215992 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer death among men, with greater prevalence of the disease among the African American population in the USA. Activator of G-protein signaling 3 (AGS3/G-protein signaling modulator 1) was shown to be overexpressed in prostate adenocarcinoma relative to the prostate gland. In this study, we investigated the correlation between AGS3 overexpression and PCa malignancy. Immunoblotting analysis and real-time quantitative-PCR showed increase in AGS3 expression in the metastatic cell lines LNCaP (~3-fold), MDA PCa 2b (~2-fold), DU 145 (~2-fold) and TRAMP-C1 (~20-fold) but not in PC3 (~1-fold), relative to control RWPE-1. Overexpression of AGS3 in PC3, LNCaP and MDA PCa 2b enhanced tumor growth. AGS3 contains seven tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR) and four G-protein regulatory (GPR) motifs. Overexpression of the TPR or the GPR motifs in PC3 cells had no effect in tumor growth. Depletion of AGS3 in the TRAMP-C1 cells (TRAMP-C1-AGS3-/-) decreased cell proliferation and delayed wound healing and tumor growth in both C57BL/6 (~3-fold) and nude mice xenografts, relative to control TRAMP-C1 cells. TRAMP-C1-AGS3-/- tumors also exhibited a marked increase (~5-fold) in both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, which correlated with a significant increase (~3-fold) in androgen receptor (AR) expression, relative to TRAMP-C1 xenografts. Interestingly, overexpression of AGS3 in TRAMP-C1-AGS3-/- cells inhibited ERK activation and AR overexpression as compared with control TRAMP-C1 cells. Taken together, the data indicate that the effect of AGS3 in prostate cancer development and progression is probably mediated via a MAPK/AR-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy O Adekoya
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nikia Smith
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Temilade Aladeniyi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joe B Blumer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Xiaoxin L Chen
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ricardo M Richardson
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
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Pathway Analysis of Genes Identified through Post-GWAS to Underpin Prostate Cancer Aetiology. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050526. [PMID: 32397189 PMCID: PMC7291227 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the functional role of risk regions identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has made considerable recent progress and is referred to as the post-GWAS era. Annotation of functional variants to the genes, including cis or trans and understanding their biological pathway/gene network enrichments, is expected to give rich dividends by elucidating the mechanisms underlying prostate cancer. To this aim, we compiled and analysed currently available post-GWAS data that is validated through further studies in prostate cancer, to investigate molecular biological pathways enriched for assigned functional genes. In total, about 100 canonical pathways were significantly, at false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05), enriched in assigned genes using different algorithms. The results have highlighted some well-known cancer signalling pathways, antigen presentation processes and enrichment in cell growth and development gene networks, suggesting risk loci may exert their functional effect on prostate cancer by acting through multiple gene sets and pathways. Additional upstream analysis of the involved genes identified critical transcription factors such as HDAC1 and STAT5A. We also investigated the common genes between post-GWAS and three well-annotated gene expression datasets to endeavour to uncover the main genes involved in prostate cancer development/progression. Post-GWAS generated knowledge of gene networks and pathways, although continuously evolving, if analysed further and targeted appropriately, will have an important impact on clinical management of the disease.
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40
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Cui S, Lei Z, Guan T, Fan L, Li Y, Geng X, Fu D, Jiang H, Xu S. Targeting USP1-dependent KDM4A protein stability as a potential prostate cancer therapy. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1567-1581. [PMID: 32133742 PMCID: PMC7226285 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The histone demethylase lysine-specific demethylase 4A (KDM4A) is reported to be overexpressed and plays a vital in multiple cancers through controlling gene expression by epigenetic regulation of H3K9 or H3K36 methylation marks. However, the biological role and mechanism of KDM4A in prostate cancer (PC) remain unclear. Herein, we reported KDM4A expression was upregulation in phosphatase and tensin homolog knockout mouse prostate tissue. Depletion of KDM4A in PC cells inhibited their proliferation and survival in vivo and vitro. Further studies reveal that USP1 is a deubiquitinase that regulates KDM4A K48-linked deubiquitin and stability. Interestingly, we found c-Myc was a key downstream effector of the USP1-KDM4A/androgen receptor axis in driving PC cell proliferation. Notably, upregulation of KDM4A expression with high USP1 expression was observed in most prostate tumors and inhibition of USP1 promotes PC cells response to therapeutic agent enzalutamide. Our studies propose USP1 could be an anticancer therapeutic target in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu‐Zhong Cui
- Department of Abdominal SurgeryAffiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zi‐Ying Lei
- Department of Abdominal SurgeryAffiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tian‐Pei Guan
- Department of Abdominal SurgeryAffiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ling‐Ling Fan
- Department of BiochemistryMarlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - You‐Qiang Li
- Department of BiochemistryMarlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Xin‐Yan Geng
- Department of BiochemistryMarlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - De‐Xue Fu
- Department of SurgeryMarlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Hao‐Wu Jiang
- Department of AnesthesiologyCenter for the Study of ItchWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Song‐Hui Xu
- Department of Abdominal SurgeryAffiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of BiochemistryMarlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
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Poret B, Desrues L, Bonin MA, Pedard M, Dubois M, Leduc R, Modzelewski R, Decazes P, Morin F, Vera P, Castel H, Bohn P, Gandolfo P. Development of Novel 111-In-Labelled DOTA Urotensin II Analogues for Targeting the UT Receptor Overexpressed in Solid Tumours. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030471. [PMID: 32204509 PMCID: PMC7175314 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in tumours is widely used to develop GPCR-targeting radioligands for solid tumour imaging in the context of diagnosis and even treatment. The human vasoactive neuropeptide urotensin II (hUII), which shares structural analogies with somatostatin, interacts with a single high affinity GPCR named UT. High expression of UT has been reported in several types of human solid tumours from lung, gut, prostate, or breast, suggesting that UT is a valuable novel target to design radiolabelled hUII analogues for cancer diagnosis. In this study, two original urotensinergic analogues were first conjugated to a DOTA chelator via an aminohexanoic acid (Ahx) hydrocarbon linker and then -hUII and DOTA-urantide, complexed to the radioactive metal indium isotope to successfully lead to radiolabelled DOTA-Ahx-hUII and DOTA-Ahx-urantide. The 111In-DOTA-hUII in human plasma revealed that only 30% of the radioligand was degraded after a 3-h period. DOTA-hUII and DOTA-urantide exhibited similar binding affinities as native peptides and relayed calcium mobilization in HEK293 cells expressing recombinant human UT. DOTA-hUII, not DOTA-urantide, was able to promote UT internalization in UT-expressing HEK293 cells, thus indicating that radiolabelled 111In-DOTA-hUII would allow sufficient retention of radioactivity within tumour cells or radiolabelled DOTA-urantide may lead to a persistent binding on UT at the plasma membrane. The potential of these radioligands as candidates to target UT was investigated in adenocarcinoma. We showed that hUII stimulated the migration and proliferation of both human lung A549 and colorectal DLD-1 adenocarcinoma cell lines endogenously expressing UT. In vivo intravenous injection of 111In-DOTA-hUII in C57BL/6 mice revealed modest organ signals, with important retention in kidney. 111In-DOTA-hUII or 111In-DOTA-urantide were also injected in nude mice bearing heterotopic xenografts of lung A549 cells or colorectal DLD-1 cells both expressing UT. The observed significant renal uptake and low tumour/muscle ratio (around 2.5) suggest fast tracer clearance from the organism. Together, DOTA-hUII and DOTA-urantide were successfully radiolabelled with 111Indium, the first one functioning as a UT agonist and the second one as a UT-biased ligand/antagonist. To allow tumour-specific targeting and prolong body distribution in preclinical models bearing some solid tumours, these radiolabelled urotensinergic analogues should be optimized for being used as potential molecular tools for diagnosis imaging or even treatment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Poret
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000 Rouen, France; (B.P.); (L.D.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (F.M.); (P.G.)
- EA 4108, Laboratory of Computer Science, Information Processing and Systems (LITIS), team “QuantIF”, Centre Henri Becquerel, 76000 Rouen, France; (R.M.); (P.D.); (P.V.); (P.B.)
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Institute of Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (M.-A.B.); (R.L.)
| | - Laurence Desrues
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000 Rouen, France; (B.P.); (L.D.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (F.M.); (P.G.)
- EA 4108, Laboratory of Computer Science, Information Processing and Systems (LITIS), team “QuantIF”, Centre Henri Becquerel, 76000 Rouen, France; (R.M.); (P.D.); (P.V.); (P.B.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marc-André Bonin
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Institute of Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (M.-A.B.); (R.L.)
| | - Martin Pedard
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000 Rouen, France; (B.P.); (L.D.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (F.M.); (P.G.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Martine Dubois
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000 Rouen, France; (B.P.); (L.D.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (F.M.); (P.G.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Richard Leduc
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Institute of Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (M.-A.B.); (R.L.)
| | - Romain Modzelewski
- EA 4108, Laboratory of Computer Science, Information Processing and Systems (LITIS), team “QuantIF”, Centre Henri Becquerel, 76000 Rouen, France; (R.M.); (P.D.); (P.V.); (P.B.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Decazes
- EA 4108, Laboratory of Computer Science, Information Processing and Systems (LITIS), team “QuantIF”, Centre Henri Becquerel, 76000 Rouen, France; (R.M.); (P.D.); (P.V.); (P.B.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Fabrice Morin
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000 Rouen, France; (B.P.); (L.D.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (F.M.); (P.G.)
- EA 4108, Laboratory of Computer Science, Information Processing and Systems (LITIS), team “QuantIF”, Centre Henri Becquerel, 76000 Rouen, France; (R.M.); (P.D.); (P.V.); (P.B.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Vera
- EA 4108, Laboratory of Computer Science, Information Processing and Systems (LITIS), team “QuantIF”, Centre Henri Becquerel, 76000 Rouen, France; (R.M.); (P.D.); (P.V.); (P.B.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Hélène Castel
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000 Rouen, France; (B.P.); (L.D.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (F.M.); (P.G.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(33)-2-35-14-66-23
| | - Pierre Bohn
- EA 4108, Laboratory of Computer Science, Information Processing and Systems (LITIS), team “QuantIF”, Centre Henri Becquerel, 76000 Rouen, France; (R.M.); (P.D.); (P.V.); (P.B.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Pierrick Gandolfo
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM U1239, DC2N, 76000 Rouen, France; (B.P.); (L.D.); (M.P.); (M.D.); (F.M.); (P.G.)
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
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Brown LC, Lu C, Antonarakis ES, Luo J, Armstrong AJ. Androgen receptor variant-driven prostate cancer II: advances in clinical investigation. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2020; 23:367-380. [PMID: 32094489 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-0215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 10-30% of men with mCRPC will test positive for AR-V7 using one of two analytically and clinically validated circulating tumor cell (CTC)-based assays. These men have poor outcomes with approved AR-targeting therapies but may retain sensitivity to chemotherapy. Here, we discuss the clinical implications of testing and strategies that may benefit AR splice variant (AR-V)-positive men and discuss whether such variants are passengers or drivers of aggressive clinical behavior. METHODS We conducted a systemic review of the literature, covering updates since our 2016 review on androgen receptor variants in mCRPC, outcomes, and existing and novel approaches to therapy. We provide an expert opinion about management strategies for AR-V7-positive men and key unanswered research questions. RESULTS AR-V7-positive men, defined by Epic nuclear protein detection or the modified AdnaTest mRNA detection in CTCs, identify a subset of men with mCRPC that have a low probability of response to AR-targeting therapy with short progression-free and overall survival in multivariable analyses. AR-variants do not exist in isolation, but rather in the context of a complex, heterogeneous, and evolving mCRPC genome and phenotype as well as patient-specific clinical heterogeneity, and multiple mechanisms of resistance likely exist in patients regardless of AR-V7 detection. Efforts to develop broader resistance assays are needed, and effective treatment strategies beyond taxanes are needed to address the causal driver role of AR-variants and to benefit patients with AR-V-expressing prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS CTC AR-V7 detection using the AdnaTest mRNA or Epic nuclear protein assays represents the first analytically and prospective clinically validated liquid biopsy assays that may inform treatment decisions in men with mCRPC, particularly after failure of first-line AR-therapy. The importance of AR-variants is likely to increase with the earlier use of AR-targeting strategies in other settings, and novel interventions for these men are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon C Brown
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Divisions of Medical Oncology and Urology, Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Changxue Lu
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Divisions of Medical Oncology and Urology, Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Cheng J, Moore S, Gomez-Galeno J, Lee DH, Okolotowicz KJ, Cashman JR. A Novel Small Molecule Inhibits Tumor Growth and Synergizes Effects of Enzalutamide on Prostate Cancer. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:703-712. [PMID: 31582422 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.261040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death for men in the United States. Approximately 35% of PCa recurs and is often transformed to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPCa), the most deadly and aggressive form of PCa. However, the CRPCa standard-of-care treatment (enzalutamide with abiraterone) usually has limited efficacy. Herein, we report a novel molecule (PAWI-2) that inhibits cellular proliferation of androgen-sensitive and androgen-insensitive cells (LNCaP and PC-3, respectively). In vivo studies in a PC-3 xenograft model showed that PAWI-2 (20 mg/kg per day i.p., 21 days) inhibited tumor growth by 49% compared with vehicle-treated mice. PAWI-2 synergized currently clinically used enzalutamide in in vitro inhibition of PCa cell viability and resensitized inhibition of in vivo PC-3 tumor growth. Compared with vehicle-treated mice, PC-3 xenograft studies also showed that PAWI-2 (20 mg/kg per day i.p., 21 days) and enzalutamide (5 mg/kg per day i.p., 21 days) inhibited tumor growth by 63%. Synergism was mainly controlled by the imbalance of prosurvival factors (e.g., Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1) and antisurvival factors (e.g., Bax, Bak) induced by affecting mitochondrial membrane potential/mitochondria dynamics. Thus, PAWI-2 utilizes a distinct mechanism of action to inhibit PCa growth independently of androgen receptor signaling and overcomes enzalutamide-resistant CRPCa. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPCa) is the most aggressive human prostate cancer (PCa) but standard chemotherapies for CRPCa are largely ineffective. PAWI-2 potently inhibits PCa proliferation in vitro and in vivo regardless of androgen receptor status and uses a distinct mechanism of action. PAWI-2 has greater utility in treating CRPCa than standard-of-care therapy. PAWI-2 possesses promising therapeutic potency in low-dose combination therapy with a clinically used drug (e.g., enzalutamide). This study describes a new approach to address the overarching challenge in clinical treatment of CRPCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongjia Cheng
- Human BioMolecular Research Institute and ChemRegen Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Stephanie Moore
- Human BioMolecular Research Institute and ChemRegen Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Jorge Gomez-Galeno
- Human BioMolecular Research Institute and ChemRegen Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Dong-Hoon Lee
- Human BioMolecular Research Institute and ChemRegen Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Karl J Okolotowicz
- Human BioMolecular Research Institute and ChemRegen Inc., San Diego, California
| | - John R Cashman
- Human BioMolecular Research Institute and ChemRegen Inc., San Diego, California
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Khan S, Ayub H, Khan T, Wahid F. MicroRNA biogenesis, gene silencing mechanisms and role in breast, ovarian and prostate cancer. Biochimie 2019; 167:12-24. [PMID: 31493469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are important class of short regulatory RNA molecules involved in regulation of several essential biological processes. In addition to Dicer and Drosha, over the past few years several other gene products are discovered that regulates miRNA biogenesis pathways. Similarly, various models of molecular mechanisms underlying miRNA mediated gene silencing have been uncovered through which miRNA contribute in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Dysregulated miRNA expression has been reported in many cancers manifesting tumor suppressive or oncogenic role. In this review, critical overview of recent findings in miRNA biogenesis, silencing mechanisms and specifically the role of miRNA in breast, ovarian and prostate cancer will be described. Recent advancements in miRNA research summarized in this review will enhance the molecular understanding of miRNA biogenesis and mechanism of action. Also, role of miRNAs in pathogenesis of breast, ovarian and prostate cancer will provide the insights for the use of miRNAs as biomarker or therapeutic agents for the cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Ayub
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Taous Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Wahid
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan.
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Kang M, Cho E, Jang J, Lee J, Jeon Y, Jeong BC, Seo SI, Jeon SS, Lee HM, Choi HY, Jeon HG. Genomic analysis of Korean patients with advanced prostate cancer by use of a comprehensive next-generation sequencing panel and low-coverage, whole-genome sequencing. Investig Clin Urol 2019; 60:227-234. [PMID: 31294131 PMCID: PMC6607069 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2019.60.4.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the characteristics of somatic mutations and copy number alterations (CNAs) in Korean patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) by use of the Oncomine Comprehensive Panel (ThermoFisher Scientific) and low-coverage, whole-genome sequencing (LC-WGS). Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed PCa tissues obtained from 14 patients with advanced PCa (metastatic tumor, 12 [85.7%]; nonmetastatic castration-resistant PCa, 1 [7.1%]; pT3b, 1 [7.1%]) from 2009 to 2017. The Oncomine Comprehensive Panel included a total of 143 genes. Moreover, LC-WGS was performed to detect CNAs of the entire genome. Two plasma samples matched with tumor tissues were analyzed using LC-WGS to compare the chromosomal aberration patterns between circulating tumor DNA and tumor tissue. Results Genetic alterations were most frequently observed in the androgen receptor (AR) (42.9%, n=6/14), TP53 (14.3%, n=2/14), and PTEN (14.3%, n=2/14) genes in the Oncomine panel. AR amplification was the most common CNA (35.7%, n=5/14). As a result of LC-WGS, CNAs were confirmed in about 92.9% (n=13/14) of the samples in regions Xq12, 8q24.21, and 11q13.3 (gains) and in regions 6q16.1, 8p23.1, 10q25.1, 16q24.2, 18q12.3, Xq25, and Xq26.3 (losses). All CNAs identified in the Oncomine panel matched the results of LC-WGS. Additionally, LC-WGS of two plasma samples that matched tumor tissues revealed that CNA patterns of plasma samples (circulating tumor DNA) were very similar to those detected in tumor samples. Conclusions Our data showed that the characteristics of mutations and CNAs in Korean patients with advanced PCa were similar to those observed in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyong Kang
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Junnam Lee
- Green Cross Genome, Yongin, Korea.,Department of Bioinformatics, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Byong Chang Jeong
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Il Seo
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Soo Jeon
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Moo Lee
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Yong Choi
- Department of Urology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwang Gyun Jeon
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Cirello V, Colombo C, Pogliaghi G, Proverbio MC, Rossi S, Mussani E, Tosi D, Bulfamante G, Bonoldi E, Gherardi G, Persani L, Fugazzola L. Genetic variants of PARP4 gene and PARP4P2 pseudogene in patients with multiple primary tumors including thyroid cancer. Mutat Res 2019; 816-818:111672. [PMID: 31203137 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2019.111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the PARP4 gene has been identified as a possible susceptibility gene of primary thyroid and breast cancers. We analyzed PARP4 in 53 patients with multiple primary cancers including a thyroid cancer (TC), in 74 patients with TC alone, and in 88 healthy donors. Two PARP4 intronic variants within the IVS29 (c.3543 + 44T > C) and the IVS22 (c.2758 + 9G > A) were found only in the two patient groups. Moreover, we found a rare variant (r.522C > A) within a PARP4 pseudogene (PARP4P2) in one patient with four primary tumors, and with a familial cancer history. PARP4 mRNA was absent in all primary tumors and matched normal tissues, whereas the pseudogene variant transcript was always expressed. Consistently, immunostaining for PARP4 protein was negative at nuclear level in all tissues, thus suggesting that PARP4P2 pseudogene variant could alter its regulatory role on PARP4, inducing the down-regulation of PARP4 expression at both tumor and normal tissues level. In conclusion, germline intronic PARP4 variants could be a risk factor for the development of TC, and PARP4P2 pseudogene variations associated with PARP4 down-regulation may confer susceptibility to develop multiple metachronous cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cirello
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Colombo
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pogliaghi
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Proverbio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Rossi
- ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, UOC Anatomia Patologica Fatenefratelli, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Mussani
- ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, UOC Anatomia Patologica Fatenefratelli, Milan, Italy
| | - Delfina Tosi
- Unit of Pathology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Mila, Italy
| | - Gaetano Bulfamante
- Unit of Pathology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Mila, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Gherardi
- ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, UOC Anatomia Patologica Fatenefratelli, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fugazzola
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Verma S, Shukla S, Pandey M, MacLennan GT, Gupta S. Differentially Expressed Genes and Molecular Pathways in an Autochthonous Mouse Prostate Cancer Model. Front Genet 2019; 10:235. [PMID: 30972102 PMCID: PMC6445055 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains a major public health problem and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in the United States. The present study aims to understand the molecular pathway(s) of prostate cancer which is essential for early detection and treatment. Dorsolateral prostate from 20 week transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice, which spontaneously develops prostate cancer and recapitulates human disease and age-matched non-transgenic littermates were utilized for microarray analysis. Mouse genome network and pathway analyses were mapped to the human genome using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery. In total, 136 differentially expressed genes, including 32 downregulated genes and 104 upregulated genes were identified in the dorsolateral prostate of TRAMP, compared to non-transgenic mice. A subset of differentially expressed genes were validated by qRT-PCR. Alignment with human genome database identified 18 different classes of proteins, among these, 36% were connected to the nucleic acid binding, including ribosomal proteins, which play important role in protein synthesis—the most enriched pathway in the development of prostate cancer. Furthermore, the results suggest deregulation of signaling molecules (9%) and enzyme modulators (8%) affect various pathways. An imbalance in other protein classes, including transporter proteins (7%), hydrolases (6%), oxidoreductases, and cytoskeleton proteins (5%), contribute to cancer progression. Our study evaluated the underlying pathways and its connection to human prostate cancer, which may further help assess the risk of disease development and progression and identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Verma
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mitali Pandey
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Vancouver Prostate Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gregory T MacLennan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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48
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Barbosa FDG, Queiroz MA, Nunes RF, Marin JFG, Buchpiguel CA, Cerri GG. Clinical perspectives of PSMA PET/MRI for prostate cancer. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e586s. [PMID: 30281701 PMCID: PMC6142859 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e586s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer imaging has become an important diagnostic modality for tumor evaluation. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) has been extensively studied, and the results are robust and promising. The advent of the PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has added morphofunctional information from the standard of reference MRI to highly accurate molecular information from PET. Different PSMA ligands have been used for this purpose including 68gallium and 18fluorine-labeled PET probes, which have particular features including spatial resolution, imaging quality and tracer biodistribution. The use of PSMA PET imaging is well established for evaluating biochemical recurrence, even at low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, but has also shown interesting applications for tumor detection, primary staging, assessment of therapeutic responses and treatment planning. This review will outline the potential role of PSMA PET/MRI for the clinical assessment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe de Galiza Barbosa
- Departamento de Radiologia, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Marcelo Araújo Queiroz
- Departamento de Radiologia, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Instituto de Radiologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | | | - José Flávio Gomes Marin
- Departamento de Radiologia, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Instituto de Radiologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
- Departamento de Radiologia, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Instituto de Radiologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Giovanni Guido Cerri
- Departamento de Radiologia, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Instituto de Radiologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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Nunes-Xavier CE, Mingo J, López JI, Pulido R. The role of protein tyrosine phosphatases in prostate cancer biology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:102-113. [PMID: 30401533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent malignancy in the male population of Western countries. Although earlier detection and more active surveillance have improved survival, it is still a challenge how to treat advanced cases. Since androgen receptor (AR) and AR-related signaling pathways are fundamental in the growth of normal and neoplastic prostate cells, targeting androgen synthesis or AR activity constitutes the basis of the current hormonal therapies in PCa. However, resistance to these treatments develops, both by AR-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Thus, alternative therapeutic approaches should be developed to target more efficiently advanced disease. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are direct regulators of the protein- and residue-specific phosphotyrosine (pTyr) content of cells, and dysregulation of the cellular Tyr phosphorylation/dephosphorylation balance is a major driving event in cancer, including PCa. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of classical PTPs in the growth, differentiation, and survival of epithelial prostate cells, and their potential as important players and therapeutic targets for modulation in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Nunes-Xavier
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Janire Mingo
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José I López
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain.
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