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Sun J, Zhang C, Su X, Zhou H, Zhou S, Jiang M, Fang B. Several first-line anti-hypertensives act on fibrosarcoma progression and PD1ab blockade therapy. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:147. [PMID: 38373964 PMCID: PMC10875773 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04627-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients are typically diagnosed with both hypertension and fibrosarcoma. Medical oncologists must prescribe suitable anti-hypertensive medications while considering anti-tumor drugs. Recently, immunotherapy has become prominent in cancer treatment. Nonetheless, it is unknown what role anti-hypertensive medications will play in immunotherapy. METHODS We examined the effects of six first-line anti-hypertensive medications on programmed cell death protein 1 antibody (PD1ab) in tumor treatment using a mouse model of subcutaneous fibrosarcoma. The drugs examined were verapamil, losartan, furosemide, spironolactone, captopril, and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). The infiltration of CD8+ T cells was examined by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, several in vitro and in vivo assays were used to study the effects of HCTZ on human fibrosarcoma cancer cells to explore its mechanism. RESULTS Verapamil suppressed tumor growth and showed an improved effect on the tumor inhibition of PD1ab. Captopril did not affect tumor growth but brought an unexpected benefit to PD1ab treatment. In contrast, spironolactone and furosemide showed no effect on tumor growth but had an offset effect on the PD1ab therapy. Consequently, the survival time of mice was also significantly reduced. Notably, losartan and HCTZ, especially HCTZ, promoted tumor growth and weakened the effect of PD1ab treatment. Consistent results were observed in vivo and in vitro using the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080. We determined that the Solute Carrier Family 12 Member 3 (SLC12A3), a known target of HCTZ, may be the principal factor underlying its effect-enhancing properties through mechanism studies employing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data and in vivo and in vitro assays. CONCLUSION Verapamil and captopril potentiated the anti-tumor effect of PD1ab, whereas spironolactone and furosemide weakened the effect of PD1ab on tumor inhibition. Alarmingly, losartan and HCTZ promoted tumor growth and impaired the effect of PD1ab. Furthermore, we preliminarily found that HCTZ may promote tumor progression through SLC12A3. Based on this study, futher mechanism researches and clinical trials should be conducted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, The People's Hospital of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, Jishou, China
| | | | - Xinhao Su
- Department of Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Haoyun Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyun Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minjie Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binbo Fang
- Department of Medicine, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, China.
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Kumar S, Wadhwa P. Synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation of 1,2,4-oxadiazole based novel non-steroidal derivatives against prostate cancer. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107029. [PMID: 38091717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in men leading to second most death causing cancer in men. Despite the availability of multiple treatment still the prevalence is high for prostate cancer. Steroidal antagonists associated with poor bioavailability, side effects while non-steroidal antagonists show serious side effects like gynecomastia. Therefore, there is a need of potential candidate for the treatment of prostate cancer with better bioavailability, good therapeutic effect and minimal side effects. In the same context, we have designed the series, SP1-SP25 based 3-phenyl-5-styryl-1,2,4-oxadiazole as the core structure. We successfully synthesized all 25 molecules in this series and characterized them using 1H, 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Subsequently, we conducted MTT assays using PC-3 cells and observed that all the compounds exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability. Notably, compounds SP04, SP16, and SP19 demonstrated a significant decrease in cell viability and exhibited potent activity compared to the other synthesized molecules and standard drug bicalutamide. Among them, SP04 emerged as the one of the most potent compounds with an IC50 value of 238.13 nM and an 89.99 % inhibition of PC-3 cells, compared to synthesized molecules and standard drug bicalutamide. Furthermore, we conducted ROS assays and androgen receptor inhibition assays using the potent compound SP04 and bicalutamide. The results indicated that SP04 increased ROS production and decreased androgen receptor expression dose-dependent manner. Additionally, we conducted a docking study to analyse the interaction patterns within the active site of the androgen receptor. ADMET analysis revealed that all the compounds exhibited favorable physicochemical properties and manageable toxicity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Pankaj Wadhwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
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Kumar S, Arora P, Wadhwa P, Kaur P. A Rationalized Approach to Design and Discover Novel Non-steroidal Derivatives through Computational Aid for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2024; 20:575-589. [PMID: 37365786 DOI: 10.2174/1573409919666230626113346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in men, leading to the second most common cause of death in men. Despite the availability of multiple treatments, the prevalence of prostate cancer remains high. Steroidal antagonists are associated with poor bioavailability and side effects, while non-steroidal antagonists show serious side effects, such as gynecomastia. Therefore, there is a need for a potential candidate for the treatment of prostate cancer with better bioavailability, good therapeutic effects, and minimal side effects. OBJECTIVE This current research work focused on identifying a novel non-steroidal androgen receptor antagonist through computational tools, such as docking and in silico ADMET analysis. METHODS Molecules were designed based on a literature survey, followed by molecular docking of all designed compounds and ADMET analysis of the hit compounds. RESULTS A library of 600 non-steroidal derivatives (cis and trans) was designed, and molecular docking was performed in the active site of the androgen receptor (PDBID: 1Z95) using Auto- Dock Vina 1.5.6. Docking studies resulted in 15 potent hits, which were then subjected to ADME analysis using SwissADME. ADME analysis predicted three compounds (SK-79, SK-109, and SK-169) with the best ADME profile and better bioavailability. Toxicity studies using Protox-II were performed on the three best compounds (SK-79, SK-109, and SK-169), which predicted ideal toxicity for these lead compounds. CONCLUSION This research work will provide ample opportunities to explore medicinal and computational research areas. It will facilitate the development of novel androgen receptor antagonists in future experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar- Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Pinky Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Pankaj Wadhwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar- Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Paranjeet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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4
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Axfors C, Patel CJ, Ioannidis JPA. Published registry-based pharmacoepidemiologic associations show limited concordance with agnostic medication-wide analyses. J Clin Epidemiol 2023; 160:33-45. [PMID: 37224981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess how the results of published national registry-based pharmacoepidemiology studies (where select associations are of interest) compare with an agnostic medication-wide approach (where all possible drug associations are tested). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We systematically searched for publications that reported drug associations with any, breast, colon/colorectal, or prostate cancer in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Registry. Results were compared against a previously performed agnostic medication-wide study on the same registry. PROTOCOL https://osf.io/kqj8n. RESULTS Most published studies (25/32) investigated previously reported associations. 421/913 (46%) associations had statistically significant results. 134 of the 162 unique drug-cancer associations could be paired with 70 associations in the agnostic study (corresponding drug categories and cancer types). Published studies reported smaller effect sizes and absolute effect sizes than the agnostic study, and generally used more adjustments. Agnostic analyses were less likely to report statistically significant protective associations (based on a multiplicity-corrected threshold) than their paired associations in published studies (McNemar odds ratio 0.13, P = 0.0022). Among 162 published associations, 36 (22%) showed increased risk signal and 25 (15%) protective signal at P < 0.05, while for agnostic associations, 237 (11%) showed increased risk signal and 108 (5%) protective signal at a multiplicity-corrected threshold. Associations belonging to drug categories targeted by individual published studies vs. nontargeted had smaller average effect sizes; smaller P values; and more frequent risk signals. CONCLUSION Published pharmacoepidemiology studies using a national registry addressed mostly previously proposed associations, were mostly "negative", and showed only modest concordance with their respective agnostic analyses in the same registry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Axfors
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department for Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Chirag J Patel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Departments of Medicine, of Epidemiology and Population Health, of Biomedical Data Science, and of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Sehgal I. Review of adult gender transition medications: mechanisms, efficacy measures, and pharmacogenomic considerations. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1184024. [PMID: 37476490 PMCID: PMC10355117 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1184024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender dysphoria is the imparity between a person's experienced gender and their birth-assigned gender. Gender transition is the process of adapting a person's sexual characteristics to match their experienced gender. The number of adults receiving sex hormone therapy for gender dysphoria is increasingly and these pharmacotherapies are increasing being prescribed in a general practice setting. The role of hormone therapy is to reverse or reduce physical sexual characteristics of the birth-assigned gender and enhance and build characteristics aligning to the expressed gender and these therapies apply to both transgender and gender nonconforming patients. Recognizing the options and interpreting the effects of gender transition therapies are fundamental to the discussion and treatment of gender dysphoria. This review summarizes pharmacodynamics, comparative dosing, adverse effects, monitoring, and potential pharmacogenetic influence of current pharmacotherapy. These include the use of 17-beta-estradiol, spironolactone, testosterone, GnRH agonists as well as adjunctive phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. The article also addresses gaps within the published literature including optimal routes of administration for individual patients, risks of malignancy and dosing reductions as transgender patients age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inder Sehgal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT, United States
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Wikramanayake TC, Haberland NI, Akhundlu A, Laboy Nieves A, Miteva M. Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia: What Is Available and What Is Coming? Curr Oncol 2023; 30:3609-3626. [PMID: 37185388 PMCID: PMC10137043 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30040275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of new cancer patients receive chemotherapy each year. In addition to killing cancer cells, chemotherapy is likely to damage rapidly proliferating healthy cells, including the hair follicle keratinocytes. Chemotherapy causes substantial thinning or loss of hair, termed chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA), in approximately 65% of patients. CIA is often ranked as one of the most distressing adverse effects of chemotherapy, but interventional options have been limited. To date, only scalp cooling has been cleared by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to prevent CIA. However, several factors, including the high costs not always covered by insurance, preclude its broader use. Here we review the current options for CIA prevention and treatment and discuss new approaches being tested. CIA interventions include scalp cooling systems (both non-portable and portable) and topical agents to prevent hair loss, versus topical and oral minoxidil, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, among others, to stimulate hair regrowth after hair loss. Evidence-based studies are needed to develop and validate methods to prevent hair loss and/or accelerate hair regrowth in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, which could significantly improve cancer patients’ quality of life and may help improve compliance and consequently the outcome of cancer treatment.
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Bommareddy K, Hamade H, Lopez-Olivo MA, Wehner M, Tosh T, Barbieri JS. Association of Spironolactone Use With Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol 2022; 158:275-282. [PMID: 35138351 PMCID: PMC8829743 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.5866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE While originally approved for the management of heart failure, hypertension, and edema, spironolactone is commonly used off label in the management of acne, hidradenitis, androgenetic alopecia, and hirsutism. However, spironolactone carries an official warning from the US Food and Drug Administration regarding potential for tumorigenicity. OBJECTIVE To determine the pooled occurrence of cancers, in particular breast and prostate cancers, among those who were ever treated with spironolactone. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception through June 11, 2021. The search was restricted to studies in the English language. STUDY SELECTION Included studies reported the occurrence of cancers in men and women 18 years and older who were exposed to spironolactone. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two independent reviewers (K.B. and H.H.) selected studies, extracted data, and appraised the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Studies were synthesized using random effects meta-analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cancer occurrence, with a focus on breast and prostate cancers. RESULTS Seven studies met eligibility criteria, with sample sizes ranging from 18 035 to 2.3 million and a total population of 4 528 332 individuals (mean age, 62.6-72.0 years; in the studies without stratification by sex, women accounted for 17.2%-54.4%). All studies were considered to be of low risk of bias. No statistically significant association was observed between spironolactone use and risk of breast cancer (risk ratio [RR], 1.04; 95% CI, 0.86-1.22; certainty of evidence very low). There was an association between spironolactone use and decreased risk of prostate cancer (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68-0.90; certainty of evidence very low). There was no statistically significant association between spironolactone use and risk of ovarian cancer (RR, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.84-2.20; certainty of evidence very low), bladder cancer (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.71-1.07; certainty of evidence very low), kidney cancer (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.85-1.07; certainty of evidence low), gastric cancer (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.80-1.24; certainty of evidence low), or esophageal cancer (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.91-1.27; certainty of evidence low). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this systematic review and meta-analysis, spironolactone use was not associated with a substantial increased risk of cancer and was associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer. However, the certainty of the evidence was low and future studies are needed, including among diverse populations such as younger individuals and those with acne or hirsutism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanthi Bommareddy
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Hassan Hamade
- Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
| | - Maria A. Lopez-Olivo
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Mackenzie Wehner
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston,Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Traci Tosh
- Schaffer Library of Health Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - John S. Barbieri
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,CME/Clinical Review and Education Editor, JAMA Dermatology
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Vicente-Valor J, Escudero-Vilaplana V, Collado-Borrell R, López-López C, Villanueva-Bueno C, Revuelta-Herrero JL, Ruiz-Briones P, Somoza-Fernández B, Herranz A, Sanjurjo M. Potential negative pharmacodynamic interaction of spironolactone and abiraterone in two prostate cancer patients. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2022:10781552221074621. [PMID: 35037798 DOI: 10.1177/10781552221074621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spironolactone when combined with abiraterone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) may theoretically exert androgenic properties, thereby compromising the therapeutic effectiveness of abiraterone. CASE REPORT Two patients with a medical history of cardiovascular disease and mCRPC combined spironolactone within the course of abiraterone regimen. The abiraterone-spironolactone interaction was identified using the Lexicomp® interaction tool (classified as risk C). MANAGEMENT & OUTCOME Spironolactone treatment was maintained as it was considered beneficial due to the cardiac condition. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels started to rise when these two drugs were used together. Eventually, tumour progression was observed. DISCUSSION There is increasing evidence that spironolactone behaves as a selective androgen receptor modulator. Strategies to overcome abiraterone-spironolactone interaction could involve the use of eplerenone, although this drug is also controversial. The best strategy should imply a multidisciplinary evaluation by cardiologists and oncologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Vicente-Valor
- Pharmacy Department, 571545Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Escudero-Vilaplana
- Pharmacy Department, 571545Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Collado-Borrell
- Pharmacy Department, 571545Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina López-López
- Medical Oncology Department, 16483Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Villanueva-Bueno
- Pharmacy Department, 571545Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Revuelta-Herrero
- Pharmacy Department, 571545Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Ruiz-Briones
- Pharmacy Department, 571545Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza-Fernández
- Pharmacy Department, 571545Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Herranz
- Pharmacy Department, 571545Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sanjurjo
- Pharmacy Department, 571545Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Doctor Esquerdo, Madrid, Spain
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Carlos-Escalante JA, de Jesús-Sánchez M, Rivas-Castro A, Pichardo-Rojas PS, Arce C, Wegman-Ostrosky T. The Use of Antihypertensive Drugs as Coadjuvant Therapy in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:660943. [PMID: 34094953 PMCID: PMC8173186 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.660943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex group of diseases that constitute the second largest cause of mortality worldwide. The development of new drugs for treating this disease is a long and costly process, from the discovery of the molecule through testing in phase III clinical trials, a process during which most candidate molecules fail. The use of drugs currently employed for the management of other diseases (drug repurposing) represents an alternative for developing new medical treatments. Repurposing existing drugs is, in principle, cheaper and faster than developing new drugs. Antihypertensive drugs, primarily belonging to the pharmacological categories of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptors, direct aldosterone antagonists, β-blockers and calcium channel blockers, are commonly prescribed and have well-known safety profiles. Additionally, some of these drugs have exhibited pharmacological properties useful for the treatment of cancer, rendering them candidates for drug repurposing. In this review, we examine the preclinical and clinical evidence for utilizing antihypertensive agents in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Carlos-Escalante
- Plan de Estudios Combinados En Medicina (PECEM) (MD/PhD), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela de Jesús-Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba-Córdoba, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Rivas-Castro
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Claudia Arce
- Medical Oncology/Breast Tumors, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
- Basic Research Subdirection, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
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The Value of Real-World Data in Understanding Prostate Cancer Risk and Improving Clinical Care: Examples from Swedish Registries. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040875. [PMID: 33669624 PMCID: PMC7923148 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Real-world data (RWD), i.e., data reflecting normal clinical practice collected outside the constraints of randomised controlled trials, provide important insights into our understanding of prostate cancer and its management. Clinical cancer registries are an important source of RWD. Depending on their scope and the potential linkage to other data sources, registry-based data can be utilised to address a variety of questions including risk factors, healthcare utilisation, treatment effectiveness, adverse effects, disparities in healthcare access, quality of care and healthcare economics. This review describes the various registry-based RWD sources for prostate cancer research in Sweden (namely the National Prostate Cancer Register, the Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden (PCBaSe) and the Patient-overview Prostate Cancer) and documents their utility for better understanding prostate cancer aetiology and improving clinical care. Abstract Real-world data (RWD), that is, data from sources other than controlled clinical trials, play an increasingly important role in medical research. The development of quality clinical registers, increasing access to administrative data sources, growing computing power and data linkage capacities have contributed to greater availability of RWD. Evidence derived from RWD increases our understanding of prostate cancer (PCa) aetiology, natural history and effective management. While randomised controlled trials offer the best level of evidence for establishing the efficacy of medical interventions and making causal inferences, studies using RWD offer complementary evidence about the effectiveness, long-term outcomes and safety of interventions in real-world settings. RWD provide the only means of addressing questions about risk factors and exposures that cannot be “controlled”, or when assessing rare outcomes. This review provides examples of the value of RWD for generating evidence about PCa, focusing on studies using data from a quality clinical register, namely the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR) Sweden, with longitudinal data on advanced PCa in Patient-overview Prostate Cancer (PPC) and data linkages to other sources in Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden (PCBaSe).
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Parker J, Crawley D, Garmo H, Lindahl B, Styrke J, Adolfsson J, Lambe M, Stattin P, Van Hemelrijck M, Beckmann K. Use of Warfarin or Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Risk of Prostate Cancer in PCBaSe: A Nationwide Case-Control Study. Front Oncol 2020; 10:571838. [PMID: 33134172 PMCID: PMC7578339 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.571838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing literature examining warfarin's association with prostate cancer (PCa) risk provides conflicting results, while the association with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has not yet been studied. We investigated the association of warfarin and DOAC use on PCa risk among men within the population-based Prostate Cancer database Sweden (PCBaSe), using a case-control design. The study population included PCa cases diagnosed 2014–2016 and five age-matched PCa-free controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for PCa associated with warfarin and DOAC use, adjusted for marital status, education level, other drug use, and comorbidities. Among 31,591 cases and 156,802 controls, there were 18,522 (9.8%) warfarin and 4,455 (2.4%) DOAC users. Warfarin ever-use was associated with reduced risk of PCa overall (OR 0.92 95% CI 0.88–0.96) as were both past and current use. DOAC use was not associated with PCa risk. For some warfarin exposures, decreased risk was observed for unfavorable PCa (high risk/locally advanced/distant metastatic) but not with favorable PCa (low/intermediate risk). Increased risk of favorable PCa was observed for men whose initial warfarin exposure occurred in the 12 month period before diagnosis (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.13–1.70). Our findings are consistent with previous publications reporting decreased PCa risk with warfarin exposure. Increased risk of favorable PCa suggests detection bias due to increased prostate specific antigen testing when starting on warfarin. Decreased overall PCa risk could reflect bias due to reduced biopsy rates among long-term warfarin users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Parker
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Crawley
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Garmo
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Regional Cancer Centre Uppsala Orebro, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bertil Lindahl
- Clinical Research Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Styrke
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Lambe
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kerri Beckmann
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Cancer Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Zhang Z, Zhou L, Xie N, Nice EC, Zhang T, Cui Y, Huang C. Overcoming cancer therapeutic bottleneck by drug repurposing. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:113. [PMID: 32616710 PMCID: PMC7331117 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever present hurdles for the discovery of new drugs for cancer therapy have necessitated the development of the alternative strategy of drug repurposing, the development of old drugs for new therapeutic purposes. This strategy with a cost-effective way offers a rare opportunity for the treatment of human neoplastic disease, facilitating rapid clinical translation. With an increased understanding of the hallmarks of cancer and the development of various data-driven approaches, drug repurposing further promotes the holistic productivity of drug discovery and reasonably focuses on target-defined antineoplastic compounds. The "treasure trove" of non-oncology drugs should not be ignored since they could target not only known but also hitherto unknown vulnerabilities of cancer. Indeed, different from targeted drugs, these old generic drugs, usually used in a multi-target strategy may bring benefit to patients. In this review, aiming to demonstrate the full potential of drug repurposing, we present various promising repurposed non-oncology drugs for clinical cancer management and classify these candidates into their proposed administration for either mono- or drug combination therapy. We also summarize approaches used for drug repurposing and discuss the main barriers to its uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Tao Zhang
- The School of Biological Science and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, 610083, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yongping Cui
- Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, and Cancer Institute, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen, 518035, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
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