1
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Zacchi F, Carles J, Gonzalez M, Maldonado X, Perez-Lopez R, Semidey ME, Mateo J. Case report: Exceptional and durable response to Radium-223 and suspension of androgen deprivation therapy in a metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patient. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1331643. [PMID: 38525428 PMCID: PMC10959003 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1331643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of new therapies in the last few years, metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is still a lethal disease. Radium-223 (Ra-223) is approved for patients with advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with bone metastases and no visceral disease. However, patients' outcomes are heterogenous, and there is lack of validated predictive biomarkers of response, while biomarkers for early identification of patients who benefit from treatment are limited. This case report describes a remarkable and durable response to Ra-223 in a CRPC patient with bone metastases who had rapidly progressed to many previous therapies; this response is now lasting for 5 years even after having stopped backbone androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Here, we present the clinical course of this exceptional response, as well as comprehensive genomic and histopathology analyses on sequential biopsies acquired before and after therapy. Additionally, we review current knowledge on predictive and response biomarkers to Ra-223 in metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zacchi
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine-Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona and University and Hospital Trust (AOUI) of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Macarena Gonzalez
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Maldonado
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Joaquin Mateo
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Kouroukli O, Bravou V, Giannitsas K, Tzelepi V. Tissue-Based Diagnostic Biomarkers of Aggressive Variant Prostate Cancer: A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:805. [PMID: 38398199 PMCID: PMC10887410 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is a common malignancy among elderly men, characterized by great heterogeneity in its clinical course, ranging from an indolent to a highly aggressive disease. The aggressive variant of prostate cancer (AVPC) clinically shows an atypical pattern of disease progression, similar to that of small cell PC (SCPC), and also shares the chemo-responsiveness of SCPC. The term AVPC does not describe a specific histologic subtype of PC but rather the group of tumors that, irrespective of morphology, show an aggressive clinical course, dictated by androgen receptor (AR) indifference. AR indifference represents an adaptive response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), driven by epithelial plasticity, an inherent ability of tumor cells to adapt to their environment by changing their phenotypic characteristics in a bi-directional way. The molecular profile of AVPC entails combined alterations in the tumor suppressor genes retinoblastoma protein 1 (RB1), tumor protein 53 (TP53), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). The understanding of the biologic heterogeneity of castration-resistant PC (CRPC) and the need to identify the subset of patients that would potentially benefit from specific therapies necessitate the development of prognostic and predictive biomarkers. This review aims to discuss the possible pathophysiologic mechanisms of AVPC development and the potential use of emerging tissue-based biomarkers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kouroukli
- Department of Pathology, Evaggelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Bravou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | | | - Vasiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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3
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Dudka I, Lundquist K, Wikström P, Bergh A, Gröbner G. Metabolomic profiles of intact tissues reflect clinically relevant prostate cancer subtypes. J Transl Med 2023; 21:860. [PMID: 38012666 PMCID: PMC10683247 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PC) is a heterogenous multifocal disease ranging from indolent to lethal states. For improved treatment-stratification, reliable approaches are needed to faithfully differentiate between high- and low-risk tumors and to predict therapy response at diagnosis. METHODS A metabolomic approach based on high resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR MAS NMR) analysis was applied on intact biopsies samples (n = 111) obtained from patients (n = 31) treated by prostatectomy, and combined with advanced multi- and univariate statistical analysis methods to identify metabolomic profiles reflecting tumor differentiation (Gleason scores and the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade) and subtypes based on tumor immunoreactivity for Ki67 (cell proliferation) and prostate specific antigen (PSA, marker for androgen receptor activity). RESULTS Validated metabolic profiles were obtained that clearly distinguished cancer tissues from benign prostate tissues. Subsequently, metabolic signatures were identified that further divided cancer tissues into two clinically relevant groups, namely ISUP Grade 2 (n = 29) and ISUP Grade 3 (n = 17) tumors. Furthermore, metabolic profiles associated with different tumor subtypes were identified. Tumors with low Ki67 and high PSA (subtype A, n = 21) displayed metabolite patterns significantly different from tumors with high Ki67 and low PSA (subtype B, n = 28). In total, seven metabolites; choline, peak for combined phosphocholine/glycerophosphocholine metabolites (PC + GPC), glycine, creatine, combined signal of glutamate/glutamine (Glx), taurine and lactate, showed significant alterations between PC subtypes A and B. CONCLUSIONS The metabolic profiles of intact biopsies obtained by our non-invasive HR MAS NMR approach together with advanced chemometric tools reliably identified PC and specifically differentiated highly aggressive tumors from less aggressive ones. Thus, this approach has proven the potential of exploiting cancer-specific metabolites in clinical settings for obtaining personalized treatment strategies in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Dudka
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Pernilla Wikström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Anders Bergh
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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4
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Ge Q, Li J, Yang F, Tian X, Zhang M, Hao Z, Liang C, Meng J. Molecular classifications of prostate cancer: basis for individualized risk stratification and precision therapy. Ann Med 2023; 55:2279235. [PMID: 37939258 PMCID: PMC10653710 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2279235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour classifications play a pivotal role in prostate cancer (PCa) management. It can predict the clinical outcomes of PCa as early as the disease is diagnosed and then guide therapeutic schemes, such as active monitoring, standalone surgical intervention, or surgery supplemented with postoperative adjunctive therapy, thereby circumventing disease exacerbation and excessive treatment. Classifications based on clinicopathological features, such as prostate cancer-specific antigen, Gleason score, and TNM stage, are still the main risk stratification strategies and have played an essential role in standardized clinical decision-making. However, mounting evidence indicates that clinicopathological parameters in isolation fail to adequately capture the heterogeneity exhibited among distinct PCa patients, such as those sharing identical Gleason scores yet experiencing divergent prognoses. As a remedy, molecular classifications have been introduced. Currently, molecular studies have revealed the characteristic genomic alterations, epigenetic modulations, and tumour microenvironment associated with different types of PCa, which provide a chance for urologists to refine the PCa classification. In this context, numerous invaluable molecular classifications have been devised, employing disparate statistical methodologies and algorithmic approaches, encompassing self-organizing map clustering, unsupervised cluster analysis, and multifarious algorithms. Interestingly, the classifier PAM50 was used in a phase-2 multicentre open-label trial, NRG-GU-006, for further validation, which hints at the promise of molecular classification for clinical use. Consequently, this review examines the extant molecular classifications, delineates the prevailing panorama of clinically pertinent molecular signatures, and delves into eight emblematic molecular classifications, dissecting their methodological underpinnings and clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qintao Ge
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Feixiang Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | | | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Zongyao Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
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5
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Zhong H, Zhu J, Liu S, Ghoneim DH, Surendran P, Liu T, Fahle S, Butterworth A, Ashad Alam M, Deng HW, Yu H, Wu C, Wu L. Identification of blood protein biomarkers associated with prostate cancer risk using genetic prediction models: analysis of over 140,000 subjects. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:3181-3193. [PMID: 37622920 PMCID: PMC10630250 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) brings huge public health burden in men. A growing number of conventional observational studies report associations of multiple circulating proteins with PCa risk. However, the existing findings may be subject to incoherent biases of conventional epidemiologic studies. To better characterize their associations, herein, we evaluated associations of genetically predicted concentrations of plasma proteins with PCa risk. We developed comprehensive genetic prediction models for protein levels in plasma. After testing 1308 proteins in 79 194 cases and 61 112 controls of European ancestry included in the consortia of BPC3, CAPS, CRUK, PEGASUS, and PRACTICAL, 24 proteins showed significant associations with PCa risk, including 16 previously reported proteins and eight novel proteins. Of them, 14 proteins showed negative associations and 10 showed positive associations with PCa risk. For 18 of the identified proteins, potential functional somatic changes of encoding genes were detected in PCa patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Genes encoding these proteins were significantly involved in cancer-related pathways. We further identified drugs targeting the identified proteins, which may serve as candidates for drug repurposing for treating PCa. In conclusion, this study identifies novel protein biomarker candidates for PCa risk, which may provide new perspectives on the etiology of PCa and improve its therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhong
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Shuai Liu
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Dalia H Ghoneim
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Praveen Surendran
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States
| | - Sarah Fahle
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Butterworth
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, United Kingdom
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, United Kingdom
| | - Md Ashad Alam
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Division of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
- Center for Outcomes Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121, United States
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Division of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Chong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Lang Wu
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
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6
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Logotheti S, Papadaki E, Zolota V, Logothetis C, Vrahatis AG, Soundararajan R, Tzelepi V. Lineage Plasticity and Stemness Phenotypes in Prostate Cancer: Harnessing the Power of Integrated "Omics" Approaches to Explore Measurable Metrics. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4357. [PMID: 37686633 PMCID: PMC10486655 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), the most frequent and second most lethal cancer type in men in developed countries, is a highly heterogeneous disease. PCa heterogeneity, therapy resistance, stemness, and lethal progression have been attributed to lineage plasticity, which refers to the ability of neoplastic cells to undergo phenotypic changes under microenvironmental pressures by switching between developmental cell states. What remains to be elucidated is how to identify measurements of lineage plasticity, how to implement them to inform preclinical and clinical research, and, further, how to classify patients and inform therapeutic strategies in the clinic. Recent research has highlighted the crucial role of next-generation sequencing technologies in identifying potential biomarkers associated with lineage plasticity. Here, we review the genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic events that have been described in PCa and highlight those with significance for lineage plasticity. We further focus on their relevance in PCa research and their benefits in PCa patient classification. Finally, we explore ways in which bioinformatic analyses can be used to determine lineage plasticity based on large omics analyses and algorithms that can shed light on upstream and downstream events. Most importantly, an integrated multiomics approach may soon allow for the identification of a lineage plasticity signature, which would revolutionize the molecular classification of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souzana Logotheti
- Department of Pathology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.L.); (E.P.); (V.Z.)
| | - Eugenia Papadaki
- Department of Pathology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.L.); (E.P.); (V.Z.)
- Department of Informatics, Ionian University, 49100 Corfu, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Zolota
- Department of Pathology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.L.); (E.P.); (V.Z.)
| | - Christopher Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | | | - Rama Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vasiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.L.); (E.P.); (V.Z.)
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7
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Bang S, Won D, Shin S, Cho KS, Park JW, Lee J, Choi YD, Kang S, Lee ST, Choi JR, Han H. Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis on Metastatic Prostate Cancer with Disease Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3998. [PMID: 37568814 PMCID: PMC10416850 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The positivity rate of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) next-generation sequencing (NGS) varies among patients with metastatic prostate cancer (mPC), complicating its incorporation into regular practice. This retrospective study analyzed the ctDNA sequencing results of 100 mPC patients from May 2021 to March 2023 to identify the factors associated with positive ctDNA. Three custom gene panels were used for sequencing. Overall, 63% of the patients exhibited tier I/II somatic alterations, while 12% had pathogenic/likely pathogenic germline alterations. The key genes that were altered included AR, TP53, RB1, PTEN, and APC. Mutations in BRCA1/2, either germline or somatic, were observed in 21% of the patients. Among the metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients, the ctDNA-positive samples generally showed higher median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and were more likely to be at the radiographic and clinical progressive disease stages, although they were not significantly associated with PSA progression. Our results suggest that ctDNA analysis could detect meaningful genetic changes in mPC patients, especially during disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungun Bang
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.B.); (J.L.); (Y.D.C.)
- Department of Urology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10444, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dongju Won
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.S.); (S.-T.L.); (J.R.C.)
| | - Saeam Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.S.); (S.-T.L.); (J.R.C.)
| | - Kang Su Cho
- Department of Urology, Prostate Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae Won Park
- Department of Urology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10444, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jongsoo Lee
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.B.); (J.L.); (Y.D.C.)
| | - Young Deuk Choi
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.B.); (J.L.); (Y.D.C.)
| | - Suwan Kang
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.B.); (J.L.); (Y.D.C.)
| | - Seung-Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.S.); (S.-T.L.); (J.R.C.)
| | - Jong Rak Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.S.); (S.-T.L.); (J.R.C.)
| | - Hyunho Han
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.B.); (J.L.); (Y.D.C.)
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8
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Yu X, Liu R, Gao W, Wang X, Zhang Y. Single-cell omics traces the heterogeneity of prostate cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:38. [PMID: 37161356 PMCID: PMC10170780 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the more heterogeneous tumour types. In recent years, with the rapid development of single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptome technologies, researchers have gained a more intuitive and comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneity of prostate cancer. Tumour-associated epithelial cells; cancer-associated fibroblasts; the complexity of the immune microenvironment, and the heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of tumour cells and other cancer-promoting molecules play a crucial role in the growth, invasion, and metastasis of prostate cancer. Single-cell multi-omics biotechnology, especially single-cell transcriptome sequencing, reveals the expression level of single cells with higher resolution and finely dissects the molecular characteristics of different tumour cells. We reviewed the recent literature on prostate cancer cells, focusing on single-cell RNA sequencing. And we analysed the heterogeneity and spatial distribution differences of different tumour cell types. We discussed the impact of novel single-cell omics technologies, such as rich omics exploration strategies, multi-omics joint analysis modes, and deep learning models, on future prostate cancer research. In this review, we have constructed a comprehensive catalogue of single-cell omics studies in prostate cancer. This article aimed to provide a more thorough understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. We summarised and proposed several key issues and directions on applying single-cell multi-omics and spatial transcriptomics to understand the heterogeneity of prostate cancer. Finally, we discussed single-cell omics trends and future directions in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Beijing Tumour Minimally Invasive Medical Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, 101121, China
| | - Ruijia Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wenfeng Gao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xuyun Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Yaosheng Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
- Beijing Tumour Minimally Invasive Medical Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, 101121, China.
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9
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Characteristics of BRCA2 Mutated Prostate Cancer at Presentation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113426. [PMID: 36362213 PMCID: PMC9659116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations of DNA repair genes, particularly BRCA2 in patients with prostate cancer, are associated with aggressive behavior of the disease. It has reached consensus that somatic and germline tests are necessary when treating advanced prostate cancer patients. Yet, it is unclear whether the mutations are associated with any presenting clinical features. We assessed the incidences and characteristics of BRCA2 mutated cancers by targeted sequencing in 126 sets of advanced prostate cancer tissue sequencing data. At the time of diagnosis, cT3/4, N1 and M1 stages were 107 (85%), 54 (43%) and 35 (28%) samples, respectively. BRCA2 alterations of clinical significance by AMP/ASCO/CAP criteria were found in 19 of 126 samples (15.1%). The BRCA2 mutated cancer did not differ in the distributions of TNM stage, Gleason grade group or histological subtype compared to BRCA2 wild-type cancers. Yet, they had higher tumor mutation burden, and higher frequency of ATM and BRCA1 mutations (44% vs. 10%, p = 0.002 and 21% vs. 4%, p = 0.018, respectively). Of the metastatic subgroup (M1, n = 34), mean PSA was significantly lower in BRCA2 mutated cancers than wild-type (p = 0.018). In the non-metastatic subgroup (M0, n = 64), PSA was not significantly different (p = 0.425). A similar trend was noted in multiple metastatic prostate cancer public datasets. We conclude that BRCA2 mutated metastatic prostate cancers may present in an advanced stage with relatively low PSA.
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10
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Guo L, Kang Y, Xia D, Ren Y, Yang X, Xiang Y, Tang L, Ren D, Yu J, Wang J, Liang T. Characterization of Immune-Based Molecular Subtypes and Prognostic Model in Prostate Adenocarcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1087. [PMID: 35741849 PMCID: PMC9223199 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD), also named prostate cancer, the most common visceral malignancy, is diagnosed in male individuals. Herein, in order to obtain immune-based subtypes, we performed an integrative analysis to characterize molecular subtypes based on immune-related genes, and further discuss the potential features and differences between identified subtypes. Simultaneously, we also construct an immune-based risk model to assess cancer prognosis. Our findings showed that the two subtypes, C1 and C2, could be characterized, and the two subtypes showed different characteristics that could clearly describe the heterogeneity of immune microenvironments. The C2 subtype presented a better survival rate than that in the C1 subtype. Further, we constructed an immune-based prognostic model based on four screened abnormally expressed genes, and they were selected as predictors of the robust prognostic model (AUC = 0.968). Our studies provide reference for characterization of molecular subtypes and immunotherapeutic agents against prostate cancer, and the developed robust and useful immune-based prognostic model can contribute to cancer prognosis and provide reference for the individualized treatment plan and health resource utilization. These findings further promote the development and application of precision medicine in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (L.G.); (Y.K.); (D.X.); (Y.R.); (X.Y.); (Y.X.); (L.T.); (D.R.)
| | - Yihao Kang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (L.G.); (Y.K.); (D.X.); (Y.R.); (X.Y.); (Y.X.); (L.T.); (D.R.)
| | - Daoliang Xia
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (L.G.); (Y.K.); (D.X.); (Y.R.); (X.Y.); (Y.X.); (L.T.); (D.R.)
| | - Yujie Ren
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (L.G.); (Y.K.); (D.X.); (Y.R.); (X.Y.); (Y.X.); (L.T.); (D.R.)
| | - Xueni Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (L.G.); (Y.K.); (D.X.); (Y.R.); (X.Y.); (Y.X.); (L.T.); (D.R.)
| | - Yangyang Xiang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (L.G.); (Y.K.); (D.X.); (Y.R.); (X.Y.); (Y.X.); (L.T.); (D.R.)
| | - Lihua Tang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (L.G.); (Y.K.); (D.X.); (Y.R.); (X.Y.); (Y.X.); (L.T.); (D.R.)
| | - Dekang Ren
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (L.G.); (Y.K.); (D.X.); (Y.R.); (X.Y.); (Y.X.); (L.T.); (D.R.)
| | - Jiafeng Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China;
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Smart Health Big Data Analysis and Location Services Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province, School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (L.G.); (Y.K.); (D.X.); (Y.R.); (X.Y.); (Y.X.); (L.T.); (D.R.)
| | - Tingming Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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11
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Lorenzin F, Demichelis F. Past, Current, and Future Strategies to Target ERG Fusion-Positive Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051118. [PMID: 35267426 PMCID: PMC8909394 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In addition to its role in development and in the vascular and hematopoietic systems, ERG plays a central role in prostate cancer. Approximately 40–50% of prostate cancer cases are characterized by ERG gene fusions, which lead to ERG overexpression. Importantly, inhibition of ERG activity in prostate cancer cells decreases their viability. Therefore, inhibiting ERG might represent an important step to improve treatment efficacy for patients with ERG-positive prostate tumors. Here, we summarize the attempts made over the past years to repress ERG activity, the current use of ERG fusion detection and the strategies that might be utilized in the future to treat ERG fusion-positive tumors. Abstract The ETS family member ERG is a transcription factor with physiological roles during development and in the vascular and hematopoietic systems. ERG oncogenic activity characterizes several malignancies, including Ewing’s sarcoma, leukemia and prostate cancer (PCa). In PCa, ERG rearrangements with androgen-regulated genes—mostly TMPRSS2—characterize a large subset of patients across disease progression and result in androgen receptor (AR)-mediated overexpression of ERG in the prostate cells. Importantly, PCa cells overexpressing ERG are dependent on ERG activity for survival, further highlighting its therapeutic potential. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of ERG and its partners in PCa. We discuss the strategies developed in recent years to inhibit ERG activity, the current therapeutic utility of ERG fusion detection in PCa patients, and the possible future approaches to target ERG fusion-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lorenzin
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (F.D.)
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
- The Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (F.D.)
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12
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The LEDGF/p75 Integrase Binding Domain Interactome Contributes to the Survival, Clonogenicity, and Tumorsphere Formation of Docetaxel-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102723. [PMID: 34685704 PMCID: PMC8534522 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with prostate cancer (PCa) receiving docetaxel chemotherapy invariably develop chemoresistance. The transcription co-activator lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 (LEDGF/p75), also known as DFS70 and PSIP1, is upregulated in several human cancers, including PCa and promotes resistance to docetaxel and other drugs. The C-terminal region of LEDGF/p75 contains an integrase binding domain (IBD) that tethers nuclear proteins, including the HIV-1 integrase and transcription factors, to active chromatin to promote viral integration and transcription of cellular survival genes. Here, we investigated the contribution of the LEDGF/p75 IBD interactome to PCa chemoresistance. Quantitative immunoblotting revealed that LEDGF/p75 and its IBD-interacting partners are endogenously upregulated in docetaxel-resistant PCa cell lines compared to docetaxel-sensitive parental cells. Using specific human autoantibodies, we co-immunoprecipitated LEDGF/p75 with its endogenous IBD-interacting partners JPO2, menin, MLL, IWS1, ASK1, and PogZ, as well as transcription factors c-MYC and HRP2, in docetaxel-resistant cells, and confirmed their nuclear co-localization by confocal microscopy. Depletion of LEDGF/p75 and selected interacting partners robustly decreased the survival, clonogenicity, and tumorsphere formation capacity of docetaxel-resistant cells. These results implicate the LEDGF/p75 IBD interactome in PCa chemoresistance and could lead to novel therapeutic strategies targeting this protein complex for the treatment of docetaxel-resistant tumors.
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13
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Giunta EF, Annaratone L, Bollito E, Porpiglia F, Cereda M, Banna GL, Mosca A, Marchiò C, Rescigno P. Molecular Characterization of Prostate Cancers in the Precision Medicine Era. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4771. [PMID: 34638258 PMCID: PMC8507555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) therapy has been recently revolutionized by the approval of new therapeutic agents in the metastatic setting. However, the optimal therapeutic strategy in such patients should be individualized in the light of prognostic and predictive molecular factors, which have been recently studied: androgen receptor (AR) alterations, PTEN-PI3K-AKT pathway deregulation, homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd), and tumor microenvironment (TME) modifications. In this review, we highlighted the clinical impact of prognostic and predictive molecular factors in PCa patients' outcomes, identifying biologically distinct subtypes. We further analyzed the relevant methods to detect these factors, both on tissue, i.e., immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular tests, and blood, i.e., analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Moreover, we discussed the main pros and cons of such techniques, depicting their present and future roles in PCa management, throughout the precision medicine era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Francesco Giunta
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Laura Annaratone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.A.); (C.M.)
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Bollito
- Department of Pathology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Francesco Porpiglia
- Department of Urology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Matteo Cereda
- Cancer Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS Candiolo, 10060 Turin, Italy;
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO—IRCCS, Str. Prov.le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Luigi Banna
- Department of Oncology, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth PO2 8QD, UK;
| | - Alessandra Mosca
- Multidisciplinary Outpatient Oncology Clinic, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Turin, Italy;
| | - Caterina Marchiò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.A.); (C.M.)
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Turin, Italy
| | - Pasquale Rescigno
- Interdisciplinary Group for Translational Research and Clinical Trials, Urological Cancers (GIRT-Uro), Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Turin, Italy
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14
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Iacobas S, Iacobas DA. A Personalized Genomics Approach of the Prostate Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071644. [PMID: 34209090 PMCID: PMC8305988 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research identified genomic similarities among prostate cancer patients and proposed general solutions for diagnostic and treatments. However, each human is a dynamic unique with never repeatable transcriptomic topology and no gene therapy is good for everybody. Therefore, we propose the Genomic Fabric Paradigm (GFP) as a personalized alternative to the biomarkers approach. Here, GFP is applied to three (one primary—“A”, and two secondary—“B” & “C”) cancer nodules and the surrounding normal tissue (“N”) from a surgically removed prostate tumor. GFP proved for the first time that, in addition to the expression levels, cancer alters also the cellular control of the gene expression fluctuations and remodels their networking. Substantial differences among the profiled regions were found in the pathways of P53-signaling, apoptosis, prostate cancer, block of differentiation, evading apoptosis, immortality, insensitivity to anti-growth signals, proliferation, resistance to chemotherapy, and sustained angiogenesis. ENTPD2, AP5M1 BAIAP2L1, and TOR1A were identified as the master regulators of the “A”, “B”, “C”, and “N” regions, and potential consequences of ENTPD2 manipulation were analyzed. The study shows that GFP can fully characterize the transcriptomic complexity of a heterogeneous prostate tumor and identify the most influential genes in each cancer nodule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanda Iacobas
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Dumitru A. Iacobas
- Personalized Genomics Laboratory, Center for Computational Systems Biology, Roy G Perry College of Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-936-261-9926
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