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Lee HN, Lee S, Hong J, Yoo H, Jeong J, Kim YW, Shin HM, Jang M, Lee CH, Kim HR, Seong J. Novel FRET-based Immunological Synapse Biosensor for the Prediction of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Function. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2401016. [PMID: 39258379 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. CARs are activated at the immunological synapse (IS) when their single-chain variable fragment (scFv) domain engages with an antigen, allowing them to directly eliminate cancer cells. Here, an innovative IS biosensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for the real-time assessment of CAR-IS architecture and signaling competence is presented. Using this biosensor, scFv variants for mesothelin-targeting CARs and identified as a novel scFv with enhanced CAR-T cell functionality despite its lower affinity than the original screened. The original CAR promoted internalization and trogocytosis, disrupting stable IS formation and impairing functionality are further observed. These findings emphasize the importance of enhancing IS quality rather than maximizing scFv affinity for superior CAR-T cell responses. Therefore, the FRET-based IS biosensor is a powerful tool for predicting CAR-T cell function, enabling the efficient engineering of next-generation CARs with enhanced antitumor potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Nim Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, 25159, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Yoo
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, 25159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Mu Shin
- Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, 25159, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihue Jang
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Han Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, 25159, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hang-Rae Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, 25159, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Seong
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, 25159, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
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Xin Q, Chen Y, Sun X, Li R, Wu Y, Huang X. CAR-T therapy for ovarian cancer: Recent advances and future directions. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116349. [PMID: 38852648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common gynecological tumor with high mortality, which is difficult to control its progression with conventional treatments and is prone to recurrence. Recent studies have identified OC as an immunogenic tumor that can be recognized by the host immune system. Immunotherapy for OC is being evaluated, but approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibitors have limited efficacy, adoptive cell therapy is an alternative therapy, in which CAR(chimeric antigen receptor)-T therapy has been applied to the clinical treatment of hematological malignancies. In addition, CAR-NK and CAR-macrophage (CAR-M) have also shown great potential in the treatment of solid tumors. Here, we discuss recent advances in preclinical and clinical studies of CAR-T for OC treatment, introduce the efforts made by researchers to modify the structure of CAR in order to achieve effective OC immunotherapy, as well as the research status of CAR-NK and CAR-M, and highlight emerging therapeutic opportunities that can be utilized to improve the survival of patients with OC using CAR-based adoptive cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianling Xin
- Anhui Women and Children's Medical Center, Hefei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yizhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojing Sun
- Anhui Women and Children's Medical Center, Hefei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Ruilin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei First People's Hospital, Hefei, China.
| | - Yujing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Xuegui Huang
- Anhui Women and Children's Medical Center, Hefei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hefei, China.
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Gu M, Carvalho EJ, Read KA, Nardo DP, Riley JL. Rab5 Overcomes CAR T Cell Dysfunction Induced by Tumor-Mediated CAR Capture. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.26.605334. [PMID: 39211164 PMCID: PMC11361039 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.26.605334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Continuous interaction between chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell (CART) and tumors often result in CART dysfunction and tumor escape. We observed that tumors can take up CAR molecules, leaving CARTs without surface-expressed CARs and thus unable to kill tumors after prolonged exposure. Overexpression of Rab5 resulted in augmented clathrin-independent endocytosis, preventing loss of surface-expressed CARs, and enhanced CART activity. Interestingly, we observed membrane protrusions on the CART cell surface which disappeared after multiple tumor challenges. Rab5 maintained these protrusions after repeated tumor engagements and their presence correlated with effective tumor clearance, suggesting a link between endocytosis, membrane protrusions, and cytolytic activity. In vivo , Rab5-expressing CARTs demonstrated improved activity and were able to clear an otherwise refractory mesothelin-expressing solid cancer in humanized mice by maintaining CAR surface expression within the tumor. Thus, pairing Rab5 with CAR expression could improve the clinical efficacy of CART therapy. Highlights "CAR-jacking" occurs when surface CAR is internalized by target tumor cells.Rab5 overexpression prevents "CAR-jacking" and enhances CART function.Rab5 promotes CAR endocytic recycling and maintains membrane protrusions.Rab5-expressing CARTs exhibit enhanced therapeutic efficacy against solid tumors.
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Olifirenko V, Barlev NA. A Review of CAR-T Combination Therapies for Treatment of Gynecological Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6595. [PMID: 38928301 PMCID: PMC11204235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
CAR-T cell therapy offers a promising way for prolonged cancer remission, specifically in the case of blood cancers. However, its application in the treatment of solid tumors still faces many limitations. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges and strategies associated with CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors, with a focus on gynecological cancer. This study discusses the limitations of CAR-T therapy for solid tumor treatment, such as T cell exhaustion, stromal barrier, and antigen shedding. Additionally, it addresses possible approaches to increase CAR-T efficacy in solid tumors, including combination therapies with checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy, as well as the novel approach of combining CAR-T with oncolytic virotherapy. Given the lack of comprehensive research on CAR-T combination therapies for treating gynecological cancers, this review aims to provide insights into the current landscape of combination therapies for solid tumors and highlight the potential of such an approach in gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolai A. Barlev
- Department of Biomedical Studies, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan;
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Liu Z, Lei W, Wang H, Liu X, Fu R. Challenges and strategies associated with CAR-T cell therapy in blood malignancies. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:22. [PMID: 38402232 PMCID: PMC10893672 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular immunotherapy, particularly CAR-T cells, has shown potential in the improvement of outcomes in patients with refractory and recurrent malignancies of the blood. However, achieving sustainable long-term complete remission for blood cancer remains a challenge, with resistance and relapse being expected outcomes for many patients. Although many studies have attempted to clarify the mechanisms of CAR-T cell therapy failure, the mechanism remains unclear. In this article, we discuss and describe the current state of knowledge regarding these factors, which include elements that influence the CAR-T cell, cancer cells as a whole, and the microenvironment surrounding the tumor. In addition, we propose prospective approaches to overcome these obstacles in an effort to decrease recurrence rates and extend patient survival subsequent to CAR-T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Failure and Malignant Hemopoietic Clone46Control, Tianjin, 300052, P. R. China.
| | - Wenhui Lei
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Failure and Malignant Hemopoietic Clone46Control, Tianjin, 300052, P. R. China
- Department of Nephrology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Failure and Malignant Hemopoietic Clone46Control, Tianjin, 300052, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Failure and Malignant Hemopoietic Clone46Control, Tianjin, 300052, P. R. China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Failure and Malignant Hemopoietic Clone46Control, Tianjin, 300052, P. R. China.
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