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Zhang S, Kang T, Malacrinò A, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Lin W, Wu H. Pseudostellaria heterophylla improves intestinal microecology through modulating gut microbiota and metabolites in mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:6174-6185. [PMID: 38459926 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudostellaria heterophylla is a Chinese medicine and healthy edible that is widely used to for its immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic and antitussive properties. However, the potential function of P. heterophylla in intestinal microecology remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of P. heterophylla on immune functions and evaluated its potential to regulate the gut microbiota and metabolome. RESULTS The results showed that P. heterophylla significantly increased the content of red blood cells, total antioxidant capacity and expression of immune factors, and decreased platelet counts when compared to the control under cyclophosphamide injury. In addition, P. heterophylla altered the diversity and composition of the gut bacterial community; increased the abundance of potentially beneficial Akkermansia, Roseburia, unclassified Clostridiaceae, Mucispirillum, Anaeroplasma and Parabacteroides; and decreased the relative abundance of pathogenic Cupriavidus and Staphylococcus in healthy mice. Metabolomic analyses showed that P. heterophylla significantly increased the content of functional oligosaccharides, common oligosaccharides, vitamins and functional substances. Probiotics and pathogens were regulated by metabolites across 11 pathways in the bacterial-host co-metabolism network. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that P. heterophylla increased the abundance of probiotics and decreased pathogens, and further stimulated host microbes to produce beneficial secondary metabolites for host health. Our studies highlight the role of P. heterophylla in gut health and provide new insights for the development of traditional Chinese medicine in the diet. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkai Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Kang
- Laboratory of Rhizosphere Ecology Processes and Management, College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Antonino Malacrinò
- Department of Agriculture, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Laboratory of Rhizosphere Ecology Processes and Management, College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongmiao Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Laboratory of Rhizosphere Ecology Processes and Management, College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Nayak G, Dimitriadis K, Pyrpyris N, Manti M, Kamperidis N, Kamperidis V, Ziakas A, Tsioufis K. Gut Microbiome and Its Role in Valvular Heart Disease: Not a "Gutted" Relationship. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:527. [PMID: 38672797 PMCID: PMC11051562 DOI: 10.3390/life14040527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of the gut microbiome (GM) and oral microbiome (OM) in cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been increasingly being understood in recent years. It is well known that GM is a risk factor for various CVD phenotypes, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart failure and atrial fibrillation. However, its role in valvular heart disease (VHD) is less well understood. Research shows that, direct, microbe-mediated and indirect, metabolite-mediated damage as a result of gut dysbiosis and environmental factors results in a subclinical, chronic, systemic inflammatory state, which promotes inflammatory cell infiltration in heart valves and subsequently, via pro-inflammatory molecules, initiates a cascade of reaction, resulting in valve calcification, fibrosis and dysfunction. This relationship between GM and VHD adds a pathophysiological link to the pathogenesis of VHD, which can be aimed therapeutically, in order to prevent or regress any risk for valvular pathologies. Therapeutic interventions include dietary modifications and lifestyle interventions, in order to influence environmental factors that can promote gut dysbiosis. Furthermore, the combination of probiotics and prebiotics, as well as fecal m transplantation and targeted treatment with inducers or inhibitors of microbial enzymes have showed promising results in animal and/or clinical studies, with the potential to reduce the inflammatory state and restore the normal gut flora in patients. This review, thus, is going to discuss the pathophysiological links behind the relationship of GM, CVD and VHD, as well as explore the recent data regarding the effect of GM-altering treatment in CVD, cardiac function and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanaranjan Nayak
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (G.N.); (N.P.); (K.T.)
| | - Kyriakos Dimitriadis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (G.N.); (N.P.); (K.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Pyrpyris
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (G.N.); (N.P.); (K.T.)
| | - Magdalini Manti
- St Mark’s Hospital, Imperial College London, London HA1 3UJ, UK (N.K.)
| | | | - Vasileios Kamperidis
- First Cardiology Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54453 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Antonios Ziakas
- First Cardiology Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54453 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (G.N.); (N.P.); (K.T.)
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Jati S, Mahata S, Das S, Chatterjee S, Mahata SK. Catestatin: Antimicrobial Functions and Potential Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1550. [PMID: 37242791 PMCID: PMC10220906 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health crisis. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have escaped bacterial resistance throughout evolution, AMPs are a category of potential alternatives for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs". The Chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide Catestatin (CST: hCgA352-372; bCgA344-364) was initially identified in 1997 as an acute nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist. Subsequently, CST was established as a pleiotropic hormone. In 2005, it was reported that N-terminal 15 amino acids of bovine CST (bCST1-15 aka cateslytin) exert antibacterial, antifungal, and antiyeast effects without showing any hemolytic effects. In 2017, D-bCST1-15 (where L-amino acids were changed to D-amino acids) was shown to exert very effective antimicrobial effects against various bacterial strains. Beyond antimicrobial effects, D-bCST1-15 potentiated (additive/synergistic) antibacterial effects of cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and methicillin. Furthermore, D-bCST1-15 neither triggered bacterial resistance nor elicited cytokine release. The present review will highlight the antimicrobial effects of CST, bCST1-15 (aka cateslytin), D-bCST1-15, and human variants of CST (Gly364Ser-CST and Pro370Leu-CST); evolutionary conservation of CST in mammals; and their potential as a therapy for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs".
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Affiliation(s)
- Suborno Jati
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Sumana Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Science, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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