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Kal S, Mahata S, Jati S, Mahata SK. Mitochondrial-derived peptides: Antidiabetic functions and evolutionary perspectives. Peptides 2024; 172:171147. [PMID: 38160808 PMCID: PMC10838678 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are a novel class of bioactive microproteins encoded by short open-reading frames (sORF) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Currently, three types of MDPs have been identified: Humanin (HN), MOTS-c (Mitochondrial ORF within Twelve S rRNA type-c), and SHLP1-6 (small Humanin-like peptide, 1 to 6). The 12 S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR1) gene harbors the sequence for MOTS-c, whereas HN and SHLP1-6 are encoded by the 16 S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR2) gene. Special genetic codes are used in mtDNA as compared to nuclear DNA: (i) ATA and ATT are used as start codons in addition to the standard start codon ATG; (ii) AGA and AGG are used as stop codons instead of coding for arginine; (iii) the standard stop codon UGA is used to code for tryptophan. While HN, SHLP6, and MOTS-c are encoded by the H (heavy owing to high guanine + thymine base composition)-strand of the mtDNA, SHLP1-5 are encoded by the L (light owing to less guanine + thymine base composition)-strand. MDPs attenuate disease pathology including Type 1 diabetes (T1D), Type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes, Alzheimer's disease (AD), cardiovascular diseases, prostate cancer, and macular degeneration. The current review will focus on the MDP regulation of T2D, T1D, and gestational diabetes along with an emphasis on the evolutionary pressures for conservation of the amino acid sequences of MDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satadeepa Kal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sumana Mahata
- Department of Anesthesiology, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA, USA
| | - Suborno Jati
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Jati S, Mahata S, Das S, Chatterjee S, Mahata SK. Catestatin: Antimicrobial Functions and Potential Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051550. [PMID: 37242791 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health crisis. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have escaped bacterial resistance throughout evolution, AMPs are a category of potential alternatives for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs". The Chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide Catestatin (CST: hCgA352-372; bCgA344-364) was initially identified in 1997 as an acute nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist. Subsequently, CST was established as a pleiotropic hormone. In 2005, it was reported that N-terminal 15 amino acids of bovine CST (bCST1-15 aka cateslytin) exert antibacterial, antifungal, and antiyeast effects without showing any hemolytic effects. In 2017, D-bCST1-15 (where L-amino acids were changed to D-amino acids) was shown to exert very effective antimicrobial effects against various bacterial strains. Beyond antimicrobial effects, D-bCST1-15 potentiated (additive/synergistic) antibacterial effects of cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and methicillin. Furthermore, D-bCST1-15 neither triggered bacterial resistance nor elicited cytokine release. The present review will highlight the antimicrobial effects of CST, bCST1-15 (aka cateslytin), D-bCST1-15, and human variants of CST (Gly364Ser-CST and Pro370Leu-CST); evolutionary conservation of CST in mammals; and their potential as a therapy for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs".
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Affiliation(s)
- Suborno Jati
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sumana Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Science, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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Mahata SK, Liu MA, Jati S, Tang K, Bogaart G, Ghosh G. Chromogranin A plays a crucial role in age‐related development of insulin resistance and hypertension. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r3302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Liu MA, Shahabi S, Jati S, Tang K, Gao H, Jin Z, Miller W, Meunier FA, Ying W, van den Bogaart G, Ghosh G, Mahata SK. Gut microbial DNA and immune checkpoint gene Vsig4/CRIg are key antagonistic players in healthy aging and age-associated development of hypertension and diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1037465. [PMID: 36440192 PMCID: PMC9691654 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1037465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Aging is associated with the development of insulin resistance and hypertension which may stem from inflammation induced by accumulation of toxic bacterial DNA crossing the gut barrier. The aim of this study was to identify factors counter-regulating these processes. Taking advantage of the Chromogranin A (CgA) knockout (CgA-KO) mouse as a model for healthy aging, we have identified Vsig4 (V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 4) as the critical checkpoint gene in offsetting age-associated hypertension and diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS The CgA-KO mice display two opposite aging phenotypes: hypertension but heightened insulin sensitivity at young age, whereas the blood pressure normalizes at older age and insulin sensitivity further improves. In comparison, aging WT mice gradually lost glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and developed hypertension. The gut barrier, compromised in aging WT mice, was preserved in CgA KO mice leading to major 35-fold protection against bacterial DNA-induced inflammation. Similarly, RNA sequencing showed increased expression of the Vsig4 gene (which removes bacterial DNA) in the liver of 2-yr-old CgA-KO mice, which may account for the very low accumulation of microbial DNA in the heart. The reversal of hypertension in aging CgA-KO mice likely stems from (i) low accumulation of microbial DNA, (ii) decreased spillover of norepinephrine in the heart and kidneys, and (iii) reduced inflammation. CONCLUSION We conclude that healthy aging relies on protection from bacterial DNA and the consequent low inflammation afforded by CgA-KO. Vsig4 also plays a crucial role in "healthy aging" by counteracting age-associated insulin resistance and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shandy Shahabi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Suborno Jati
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kechun Tang
- Veterans Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Zhongmou Jin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Wyatt Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- Clem Jones Center for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wei Ying
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Veterans Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
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Jati S, Sengupta S, Sen M. Wnt5A-Mediated Actin Organization Regulates Host Response to Bacterial Pathogens and Non-Pathogens. Front Immunol 2021; 11:628191. [PMID: 33664738 PMCID: PMC7921742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.628191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt5A signaling facilitates the killing of several bacterial pathogens, but not the non-pathogen E. coli DH5α. The basis of such pathogen vs. non-pathogen distinction is unclear. Accordingly, we analyzed the influence of Wnt5A signaling on pathogenic E. coli K1 in relation to non-pathogenic E. coli K12-MG1655 and E. coli DH5α eliminating interspecies variability from our study. Whereas cell internalized E. coli K1 disrupted cytoskeletal actin organization and multiplied during Wnt5A depletion, rWnt5A mediated activation revived cytoskeletal actin assembly facilitating K1 eradication. Cell internalized E. coli K12-MG1655 and E. coli DH5α, which did not perturb actin assembly appreciably, remained unaffected by rWnt5A treatment. Phagosomes prepared separately from Wnt5A conditioned medium treated K1 and K12-MG1655 infected macrophages revealed differences in the relative levels of actin and actin network promoting proteins, upholding that the Wnt5A-Actin axis operates differently for internalized pathogen and non-pathogen. Interestingly, exposure of rWnt5A treated K1 and K12-MG1655/DH5α infected macrophages to actin assembly inhibitors reversed the scenario, blocking killing of K1, yet promoting killing of both K12-MG1655 and DH5α. Taken together, our study illustrates that the state of activation of the Wnt5A/Actin axis in the context of the incumbent bacteria is crucial for directing host response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suborno Jati
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Soham Sengupta
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Malini Sen
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Jati S, Sengupta S, Sen M. Wnt5A Signaling Mediated Cytoskeletal Actin Modulations Shape the Outcome of Host‐Bacteria Interactions. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.02078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Malini Sen
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
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Abstract
Wnt ligands interact with the transmembrane cell surface receptors Frizzled and ROR/RYK to initiate complex signaling cascades that are crucial for cell physiology and the proper functioning of the immune system. Wnt signaling is instrumental in maintaining immune surveillance and during infections by pathogenic microbes helps mount host resistance to infection. Some pathogens, however, utilize Wnt signaling to build a niche for their survival. The goal of this review is to summarize current and developing concepts about the tug of war between Wnt signaling and pathogens for deployment of host resources, focusing mostly on macrophages and cytoskeletal actin dynamics. An additional objective is to outline the interrelation between Wnt signaling and the host microbiota, which is vital for immune defense, discussing in the same perspective, how Wnt signaling could be differentiating pathogen from non-pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suborno Jati
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Tresa Rani Sarraf
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Debdut Naskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Kolkata, India
| | - Malini Sen
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Jati S, Kundu S, Chakraborty A, Mahata SK, Nizet V, Sen M. Wnt5A Signaling Promotes Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens by Activating a Host Autophagy Circuit. Front Immunol 2018; 9:679. [PMID: 29686674 PMCID: PMC5900007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens are associated with severe infections (e.g., sepsis) and exacerbation of debilitating conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The interactions of bacterial pathogens with macrophages, a key component of innate immunity and host defense, are not clearly understood and continue to be intensively studied. Having previously demonstrated a role of Wnt5A signaling in phagocytosis, we proceeded to decipher the connection of Wnt5A signaling with infection by pathogenic bacteria, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP), which are related with the progression of COPD and sepsis. We found that during the initial hours of infection with PA and SP, there is decrease in the steady state levels of the Wnt5A protein in macrophages. Suppression of Wnt5A signaling, moreover, impairs macrophage clearance of the bacterial infection both in vitro and in vivo. Activation of Wnt5A signaling, on the other hand, enhances clearance of the infection. Macrophage-mediated containment of bacterial infection in our study is dependant on Wnt5A-induced Rac1/Disheveled activation and cytochalasin D inhibitable actin assembly, which is associated with ULK1 kinase activity and LC3BII accumulation. Our experimental findings are consistent with Wnt5A signaling-dependent induction of autophagic killing (xenophagy) of PA and SP, as further substantiated by transmission electron microscopy. Overall, our study unveils the prevalence of a Wnt5A-Rac1-Disheveled-mediated actin-associated autophagy circuit as an important component of innate immunity in host macrophages that may turn out crucial for restricting infection by leading bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suborno Jati
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Suman Kundu
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Arijit Chakraborty
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Mahata
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Malini Sen
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Ernandes-Silva J, Ragonha FH, Jati S, Takeda AM. Limnoperna fortunei Dunker, 1857 larvae in different environments of a Neotropical floodplain: relationships of abiotic variables and phytoplankton with different stages of development. BRAZ J BIOL 2016; 76:154-61. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.15514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Limnoperna fortunei Dunker, 1857 is an Asian invasive freshwater bivalve. Although there need to contain their spread, studies about the biology of the larvae are scarce. We correlated the larval stages of L. fortunei with biotic factors such as phytoplankton and main abiotic variables in lotic environments of the Upper Paraná River floodplain. The four samples were taken quarterly during the year 2012. The Principal component analysis (PCA) showed only spatial differences, as did a Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). High densities of larvae were recorded in all samples the Paraná River and Baía River only in December, especially those in their initial stage. In the biovolume of Class of algae, Bacillarophyceae showed the highest value, but Chlorophycea who was strongly correlated with the density of D-stage larvae. The large variety of phytoplankton, especially microplankton Chlorophyceae, high values of PO4, NH4 and temperature were positively correlated with high densities of D-stage larvae. We conclude that high temperature, and food availability, indicated by phytoplankton community, favored the reproduction of L. fortunei and enhance the ability of specie dispersion due to the increase in the emission of propagules. Therefore, studies that address the biology of golden mussel larvae should be performed in order to prevent its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. Jati
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil
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Jati S, Rodrigues LC, Bortolini JC, Paula ACM, Moresco GA, Reis LM, Zanco BF, Train S. First record of the occurrence of Ceratium furcoides (Levander) Langhans (Dinophyceae) in the Upper Paraná River Floodplain (PR/MS), Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2014; 74:S235-6. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.19313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Jati
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá – UEM, Brazil
| | | | | | - ACM Paula
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá – UEM, Brazil
| | - GA Moresco
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá – UEM, Brazil
| | - LM Reis
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá – UEM, Brazil
| | - BF Zanco
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá – UEM, Brazil
| | - S Train
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá – UEM, Brazil
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Rodrigues LC, Train S, Bovo-Scomparin VM, Jati S, Borsalli CCJ, Marengoni E. Interannual variability of phytoplankton in the main rivers of the Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil: influence of upstream reservoirs. BRAZ J BIOL 2009; 69:501-16. [PMID: 19738958 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842009000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interannual variation of phytoplankton communities in the three main rivers of the Upper Paraná River floodplain is evaluated in relation to changes in the hydrosedimentological regime. These changes are a result of climatic variability and the formation of Porto Primavera Reservoir, located at the upper Paraná River. Phytoplankton species richness and density were investigated in rivers during a prior period (1993-1994) and eight years after reservoir impoundment (2000-2007). Multiple analyses were conducted to test the differences between these time periods in order to find predictor variables for phytoplankton attributes. A total of 454 phytoplanktonic taxa were found. The regression analysis revealed significant differences between periods. In the years following construction of the Porto Primavera dam, species richness was lower in the Paraná River and density was higher in the three rivers. In general, the algal density decreased from 2005 to 2007. Diatoms and cyanobacteria contributed significantly to the total density during the period from March 1993 to February 1994. The years 2000-2007 presented the lowest diatom contribution to species richness and the highest cyanobacteria contribution. From 2000 on, cryptomonads and cyanobacteria dominated. The interannual variability of phytoplankton was probably influenced by changes in hydrosedimentological regime due to climatic variations (La Niña and El Niño-Southern Oscillation events--ENSO) and the operational procedures associated with an upstream reservoirs. Studies on climatic variability and its effects on hydrosedimentological regimes of the Paraná, Baía and Ivinhema rivers and the biota therein are necessary to obtain subsidies for management, including decisions related to the operation of dams upstream and downstream of the study area, with the purpose of minimizing risks to the Environmental Protection Area.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Rodrigues
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá-UEM, Av. Colombo, 5790, Bloco H-90, Sala 23, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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Jati S. Low cost aids for teaching science subjects in nursing institutions. Nurs J India 1993; 84:50-2. [PMID: 8361854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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