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Tripathi A, Bartosh A, Mata J, Jacks C, Madeshiya AK, Hussein U, Hong LE, Zhao Z, Pillai A. Microglial type I interferon signaling mediates chronic stress-induced synapse loss and social behavior deficits. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02675-6. [PMID: 39095477 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation and synapse loss have been associated with deficits in social behavior and are involved in pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Synapse loss, characterized by reduction in dendritic spines can significantly disrupt synaptic connectivity and neural circuitry underlying social behavior. Chronic stress is known to induce loss of spines and dendrites in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region implicated in social behavior. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of type I Interferon (IFN-I) signaling in chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced synapse loss and behavior deficits in mice. We found increased expression of type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) in microglia following CUS. Conditional knockout of microglial IFNAR in adult mice rescued CUS-induced social behavior deficits and synapse loss. Bulk RNA sequencing data show that microglial IFNAR deletion attenuated CUS-mediated changes in the expression of genes such as Keratin 20 (Krt20), Claudin-5 (Cldn5) and Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 1 (Nr4a1) in the PFC. Cldn5 and Nr4a1 are known for their roles in synaptic plasticity. Krt20 is an intermediate filament protein responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells. The reduction in Krt20 following CUS presents a novel insight into the potential contribution of cytokeratin in stress-induced alterations in neuroplasticity. Overall, these results suggest that microglial IFNAR plays a critical role in regulating synaptic plasticity and social behavior deficits associated with chronic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Tripathi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alona Bartosh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jocelyn Mata
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chale Jacks
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amit Kumar Madeshiya
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Usama Hussein
- Center for Precision Health, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision Health, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anilkumar Pillai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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2
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Yu Y, Li X, Teng T, He Y, Jiang Y, Liu X, Zhou X, Luo Y, Xie P. Comparative analysis of the nucleus accumbens transcriptional features in multiple depressive animal models. Behav Brain Res 2024; 463:114890. [PMID: 38309372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Chronic stress is deemed a significant clinical contributor to depression. The use of animal models of chronic stress can fully reveal the complex pathological mechanisms and their changing trends in the pathogenesis of depression, which is crucial for both disease prevention and therapy. It is also unknown how various forms of stress differ in their impact on animal physiology and behavior. The nucleus accumbens (NAc), an essential brain area for the pathophysiology of depression, and its underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we systematically compared transcriptional signatures in the NAc of four chronic stress models in rats: chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), learned helplessness (LH), chronic restraint stress (CRS). The majority of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were unique to a single depression model, while the rank-rank hypergeometric overlap analysis showed that the CSDS and CRS models had the greatest overlap, and the CRS and CUMS models had the least. Then, we performed pathway analysis of the differential genes and found that the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway was significantly enriched not only in the LH, CRS and CSDS stress models, but also significantly enriched in stress genes that were also altered in at least two stress models. Finally, we found three hub genes (Dcx, Tnc and Wdfy4) by constructing co-expression networks for stress genes. In summary, our research has the potential to offer fresh insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying depression induced by different types of stress, highlighting both their similarities and differences. It may provide valuable clues for understanding the pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqian He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanliang Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueer Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Rawat R, Tunc-Ozcan E, Dunlop S, Tsai YH, Li F, Bertossi R, Peng CY, Kessler JA. Ketamine's rapid and sustained antidepressant effects are driven by distinct mechanisms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:105. [PMID: 38413417 PMCID: PMC10899278 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Administration of multiple subanesthetic doses of ketamine increases the duration of antidepressant effects relative to a single ketamine dose, but the mechanisms mediating this sustained effect are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ketamine's rapid and sustained effects on affective behavior are mediated by separate and temporally distinct mechanisms. The rapid effects of a single dose of ketamine result from increased activity of immature neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus without an increase in neurogenesis. Treatment with six doses of ketamine over two weeks doubled the duration of behavioral effects after the final ketamine injection. However, unlike ketamine's rapid effects, this more sustained behavioral effect did not correlate with increased immature neuron activity but instead correlated with increased numbers of calretinin-positive and doublecortin-positive immature neurons. This increase in neurogenesis was associated with a decrease in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, a known inhibitor of neurogenesis. Injection of a BMP4-expressing lentivirus into the dentate gyrus maintained BMP signaling in the niche and blocked the sustained - but not the rapid - behavioral effects of ketamine, indicating that decreased BMP signaling is necessary for ketamine's sustained effects. Thus, although the rapid effects of ketamine result from increased activity of immature neurons in the dentate gyrus without requiring an increase in neurogenesis, ketamine's sustained effects require a decrease in BMP signaling and increased neurogenesis along with increased neuron activity. Understanding ketamine's dual mechanisms of action should help with the development of new rapid-acting therapies that also have safe, reliable, and sustained effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Rawat
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Elif Tunc-Ozcan
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sara Dunlop
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Yung-Hsu Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Fangze Li
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ryan Bertossi
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Chian-Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - John A Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Ward 10-233, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Lisco G, Giagulli VA, De Pergola G, Guastamacchia E, Jirillo E, Vitale E, Triggiani V. Chronic Stress as a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes: Endocrine, Metabolic, and Immune Implications. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:321-332. [PMID: 37534489 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230803095118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress is a condition of pressure on the brain and whole body, which in the long term may lead to a frank disease status, even including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Stress activates the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis with release of glucocorticoids (GCs) and catecholamines, as well as activation of the inflammatory pathway of the immune system, which alters glucose and lipid metabolism, ultimately leading to beta-cell destruction, insulin resistance and T2D onset. Alteration of the glucose and lipid metabolism accounts for insulin resistance and T2D outcome. Furthermore, stress-related subversion of the intestinal microbiota leads to an imbalance of the gut-brain-immune axis, as evidenced by the stress-related depression often associated with T2D. A condition of generalized inflammation and subversion of the intestinal microbiota represents another facet of stress-induced disease. In fact, chronic stress acts on the gut-brain axis with multiorgan consequences, as evidenced by the association between depression and T2D. Oxidative stress with the production of reactive oxygen species and cytokine-mediated inflammation represents the main hallmarks of chronic stress. ROS production and pro-inflammatory cytokines represent the main hallmarks of stress-related disorders, and therefore, the use of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substances (nutraceuticals) may offer an alternative therapeutic approach to combat stress-related T2D. Single or combined administration of nutraceuticals would be very beneficial in targeting the neuro-endocrine-immune axis, thus, regulating major pathways involved in T2D onset. However, more clinical trials are needed to establish the effectiveness of nutraceutical treatment, dosage, time of administration and the most favorable combinations of compounds. Therefore, in view of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, the use of natural products or nutraceuticals for the treatment of stress-related diseases, even including T2D, will be discussed. Several evidences suggest that chronic stress represents one of the main factors responsible for the outcome of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lisco
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Angelo Giagulli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Edoardo Guastamacchia
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Elsa Vitale
- Department of Mental Health, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Local Health Authority Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Meneses-San Juan D, Lamas M, Ramírez-Rodríguez GB. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Reduces Depressive-like Behaviors, Modifies Dendritic Plasticity, and Generates Global Epigenetic Changes in the Frontal Cortex and Hippocampus in a Rodent Model of Chronic Stress. Cells 2023; 12:2062. [PMID: 37626872 PMCID: PMC10453847 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is the most common affective disorder worldwide, accounting for 4.4% of the global population, a figure that could increase in the coming decades. In depression, there exists a reduction in the availability of dendritic spines in the frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampus (Hp). In addition, histone modification and DNA methylation are also dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms in depression. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a technique that is used to treat depression. However, the epigenetic mechanisms of its therapeutic effect are still not known. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the antidepressant effect of 5 Hz rTMS and examined its effect on dendritic remodeling, immunoreactivity of synapse proteins, histone modification, and DNA methylation in the FC and Hp in a model of chronic mild stress. Our data indicated that stress generated depressive-like behaviors and that rTMS reverses this effect, romotes the formation of dendritic spines, and favors the presynaptic connection in the FC and DG (dentate gyrus), in addition to increasing histone H3 trimethylation and DNA methylation. These results suggest that the antidepressant effect of rTMS is associated with dendritic remodeling, which is probably regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. These data are a first approximation of the impact of rTMS at the epigenetic level in the context of depression. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze in future studies as to which genes are regulated by these mechanisms, and how they are associated with the neuroplastic modifications promoted by rTMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Meneses-San Juan
- National Institute of Psychiatry “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
- Center of Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Mónica Lamas
- Center of Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
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Vergil Andrews JF, Selvaraj DB, Kumar A, Roshan SA, Anusuyadevi M, Kandasamy M. A Mild Dose of Aspirin Promotes Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Working Memory in Experimental Ageing Mice. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1108. [PMID: 37509038 PMCID: PMC10376986 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspirin has been reported to prevent memory decline in the elderly population. Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus has been recognized as an underlying basis of learning and memory. This study investigated the effect of aspirin on spatial memory in correlation with the regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis and microglia in the brains of ageing experimental mice. Results from the novel object recognition (NOR) test, Morris water maze (MWM), and cued radial arm maze (cued RAM) revealed that aspirin treatment enhances working memory in experimental mice. Further, the co-immunohistochemical assessments on the brain sections indicated an increased number of doublecortin (DCX)-positive immature neurons and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/neuronal nuclei (NeuN) double-positive newly generated neurons in the hippocampi of mice in the aspirin-treated group compared to the control group. Moreover, a reduced number of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule (Iba)-1-positive microglial cells was evident in the hippocampus of aspirin-treated animals. Recently, enhanced activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in circulation has been identified as an indicative biomarker of dementia. The biochemical assessment in the blood of aspirin-treated mice showed decreased activity of AChE in comparison with that of the control group. Results from this study revealed that aspirin facilitates hippocampal neurogenesis which might be linked to enhanced working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemi Feiona Vergil Andrews
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Divya Bharathi Selvaraj
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Syed Aasish Roshan
- Molecular Neuro-Gerontology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Muthuswamy Anusuyadevi
- Molecular Neuro-Gerontology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Mahesh Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
- University Grants Commission-Faculty Recharge Programme (UGC-FRP), New Delhi 110002, India
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7
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Cheng S, Wang W, Zhu Z, Zhao M, Li H, Liu D, Pan F. Involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor methylation in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress in male mice. J Neurochem 2023; 164:624-642. [PMID: 36453259 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress alters brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promoter IV methylation and BDNF expression, which is closely related to the pathophysiological process of depression. However, the role of abnormal methylation of BDNF induced by stress during adolescence due to depression has not yet been clarified. In this study, adolescent mice were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Depression-like behaviors, BDNF promoter IV methylation, expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), demethylation machinery enzymes, BDNF protein levels, and neuronal development in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP) were assessed in adolescent and adult mice. The DNMT inhibitor, 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-AzaD), was used as an intervention. Stress in adolescence induces behavioral dysfunction, elevated methylation levels of BDNF promoter IV, changes in the expression of DNMT, and demethylation machinery enzymes in adolescent and adult mice. Additionally, the stress in adolescence induced lower levels of BDNF and abnormal hippocampal doublecortin (DCX) expression in adolescent and adult mice. However, DNMT inhibitor treatment in adolescent-stressed mice relieved the abnormal behaviors, normalized the methylation level of BDNF promoter IV, BDNF protein expression, expression of DNMTs, and demethylation machinery enzymes, and improved the neuronal development of adult mice. These results suggest that stress in adolescence induces short- and long-term hypermethylation of BDNF promoter IV, which is regulated by DNMTs, and leads to the development of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Cheng
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zemeng Zhu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hannao Li
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexiang Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Pan
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Subramaniam CB, Wardill HR, Davies MR, Heng V, Gladman MA, Bowen JM. 5-Fluorouracil Induces an Acute Reduction in Neurogenesis and Persistent Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of the Neuropsychological Complications of Chemotherapy. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1408-1424. [PMID: 36449255 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The neuropsychological symptoms associated with chemotherapy treatment remain a major challenge with their prevention hampered by insufficient understanding of pathophysiology. While long-term neuroimmune changes have been identified as a hallmark feature shared by neurological symptoms, the exact timeline of mechanistic events preceding neuroinflammation, and the relationship between the glial cells driving this neuroinflammatory response, remain unclear. We therefore aimed to longitudinally characterize the neuroimmunological changes following systemic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment to gain insight into the timeline of events preceding the well-documented chronic neuroinflammation seen following chemotherapy. Eighteen female C57Bl/6 mice received a single intraperitoneal dose of 5-FU and groups were killed at days 1 and 2 (acute timepoint), days 4 and 8 (subacute timepoint), and days 16 and 32 (chronic timepoint). A further six mice were administered with vehicle control with tissues collected from three mice on day 1 and day 32 of the study. The expression of key genes of interest, BCL2, BDNF, TIMP1, MMP-9, MMP-2, TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6R were assessed using real time polymerase chain reaction. Levels of neurogenesis were determined through immunofluorescent staining of doublecortin (DCX). The density of microglia and astrocytes were assessed using immunofluorescence staining of Iba1 and GFAP respectively. 5-FU treatment caused significant decreases to DCX staining at acute timepoints (p = 0.0030) which was positively correlated with BCL2 expression levels. An increase to microglial density was observed in the prefrontal cortex (p = 0.0256), CA3 region (p = 0.0283), and dentate gyrus (p = 0.0052) of the hippocampus at acute timepoints. 5-FU caused increases to astrocyte density, across multiple brains regions, at subacute and chronic timepoints which were positively correlated with TNFα, TIMP-1, MMP-2, and IL-6R expression. This study has identified acute objective neuroinflammatory changes suggesting that the role of early intervention should be explored to prevent the development of neuropsychological deficits in the longer-term following chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney B Subramaniam
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Medicine (Cancer), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Hannah R Wardill
- Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Medicine (Cancer), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maya R Davies
- Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Medicine (Cancer), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vivien Heng
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marc A Gladman
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne M Bowen
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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9
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Kuga N, Sasaki T. Memory-related neurophysiological mechanisms in the hippocampus underlying stress susceptibility. Neurosci Res 2022:S0168-0102(22)00213-9. [PMID: 35931215 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress-induced psychiatric symptoms, such as increased anxiety, decreased sociality, and depression, differ considerably across individuals. The cognitive model of depression proposes that biased negative memory is a crucial determinant in the development of mental stress-induced disorders. Accumulating evidence from both clinical and animal studies has demonstrated that such biased memory processing could be triggered by the hippocampus, a region well known to be involved in declarative memories. This review mainly describes how memory-related neurophysiological mechanisms in the hippocampus and their interactions with other related brain regions are involved in the regulation of stress susceptibility and discusses potential interventions to prevent and treat stress-related psychiatric symptoms. Further neurophysiological insights based on memory mechanisms are expected to devise personalized prevention and therapy to confer stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahoko Kuga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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10
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Neuromodulation and Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Depression: A Scoping Review. Brain Res Bull 2022; 188:92-107. [PMID: 35853529 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The 'neurogenesis hypothesis of depression' emphasizes the importance of upregulated hippocampal neurogenesis for the efficacy of antidepressant treatment. Neuromodulation is a promising therapeutic method that stimulates neural circuitries to treat neuropsychiatric illnesses. We conducted a scoping review on the neurogenic and antidepressant outcomes of neuromodulation in animal models of depression. PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo were comprehensively searched for full-text English articles from inception to October 5, 2021. Data screening and extraction were conducted independently by two researchers. Seventeen eligible studies were included in this review. The majority of studies used non-invasive neuromodulation (n = 14) and assessed neurogenesis using neural proliferation (n = 16) and differentiation markers (n = 9). Limited reports (n = 2) used neurogenic inhibitors to evaluate the role of neurogenesis on the depressive-like behavioral outcomes. Overall, neuromodulation substantially effectuated both hippocampal cell proliferation and antidepressant-like behavior in animal models of depression, with some providing evidence for enhanced neuronal differentiation and maturation. The proposed neurogenic-related mechanisms mediating the neuromodulation efficacies included neurotrophic processes, anti-apoptotic pathways, and normalization of HPA axis functions. Further research is warranted to explore the role of neuromodulation-induced neurogenic effects on treatment efficacies and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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11
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Delprato A, Xiao E, Manoj D. Connecting DCX, COMT and FMR1 in social behavior and cognitive impairment. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2022; 18:7. [PMID: 35590332 PMCID: PMC9121553 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-022-00191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants of DCX, COMT and FMR1 have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders related to intellectual disability and social behavior. In this systematic review we examine the roles of the DCX, COMT and FMR1 genes in the context of hippocampal neurogenesis with respect to these disorders with the aim of identifying important hubs and signaling pathways that may bridge these conditions. Taken together our findings indicate that factors connecting DCX, COMT, and FMR1 in intellectual disability and social behavior may converge at Wnt signaling, neuron migration, and axon and dendrite morphogenesis. Data derived from genomic research has identified a multitude of genes that are linked to brain disorders and developmental differences. Information about where and how these genes function and cooperate is lagging behind. The approach used here may help to shed light on the biological underpinnings in which key genes interface and may prove useful for the testing of specific hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Delprato
- Department of Research and Education, BioScience Project, Wakefield, MA, 01880, USA.
| | - Emily Xiao
- Department of Research and Education, BioScience Project, Wakefield, MA, 01880, USA.,Alexander Mackenzie High School, Richmond Hill, ON, 14519, Canada
| | - Devika Manoj
- Department of Research and Education, BioScience Project, Wakefield, MA, 01880, USA.,Lambert High School, Suwanee, GA, 30024, USA
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12
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Computational synthesis of cortical dendritic morphologies. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110586. [PMID: 35385736 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal morphologies provide the foundation for the electrical behavior of neurons, the connectomes they form, and the dynamical properties of the brain. Comprehensive neuron models are essential for defining cell types, discerning their functional roles, and investigating brain-disease-related dendritic alterations. However, a lack of understanding of the principles underlying neuron morphologies has hindered attempts to computationally synthesize morphologies for decades. We introduce a synthesis algorithm based on a topological descriptor of neurons, which enables the rapid digital reconstruction of entire brain regions from few reference cells. This topology-guided synthesis generates dendrites that are statistically similar to biological reconstructions in terms of morpho-electrical and connectivity properties and offers a significant opportunity to investigate the links between neuronal morphology and brain function across different spatiotemporal scales. Synthesized cortical networks based on structurally altered dendrites associated with diverse brain pathologies revealed principles linking branching properties to the structure of large-scale networks.
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13
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Abstract
In order to survive and thrive, organisms must adapt to constantly changing environmental pressures. When there are significant shifts in the environment, the brain and body engage a set of physiological and behavioral countermeasures collectively known as the "stress response". These responses, which include changes at the cellular, systems, and organismal level, are geared toward protecting homeostasis and adapting physiological operating parameters so as to enable the organism to overcome short-term challenges. It is the shift of these well-organized acute responses to dysregulated chronic responses that leads to pathologies. In a sense, the protective measures become destructive, causing the myriad health problems that are associated with chronic stress. To further complicate the situation, these challenges need not be purely physical in nature. Indeed, psychosocial stressors such as ruminating about challenges at work, resource insecurity, and unstable social environments can engage the very same emergency threat systems and eventually lead to the same types of pathologies that sometimes are described as "burnout" in humans. This short review focuses on very recent empirical work exploring the effects of chronic stress on key brain circuits, metabolism and metabolic function, and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Roberts
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ilia N Karatsoreos
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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14
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Loureiro-Campos E, Mateus-Pinheiro A, Patrício P, Soares-Cunha C, Silva J, Sardinha VM, Mendes-Pinheiro B, Silveira-Rosa T, Domingues AV, Rodrigues AJ, Oliveira J, Sousa N, Alves ND, Pinto L. Constitutive deficiency of the neurogenic hippocampal modulator AP2γ promotes anxiety-like behavior and cumulative memory deficits in mice from juvenile to adult periods. eLife 2021; 10:70685. [PMID: 34859784 PMCID: PMC8709574 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor activating protein two gamma (AP2γ) is an important regulator of neurogenesis both during embryonic development as well as in the postnatal brain, but its role for neurophysiology and behavior at distinct postnatal periods is still unclear. In this work, we explored the neurogenic, behavioral, and functional impact of a constitutive and heterozygous AP2γ deletion in mice from early postnatal development until adulthood. AP2γ deficiency promotes downregulation of hippocampal glutamatergic neurogenesis, altering the ontogeny of emotional and memory behaviors associated with hippocampus formation. The impairments induced by AP2γ constitutive deletion since early development leads to an anxious-like phenotype and memory impairments as early as the juvenile phase. These behavioral impairments either persist from the juvenile phase to adulthood or emerge in adult mice with deficits in behavioral flexibility and object location recognition. Collectively, we observed a progressive and cumulative impact of constitutive AP2γ deficiency on the hippocampal glutamatergic neurogenic process, as well as alterations on limbic-cortical connectivity, together with functional behavioral impairments. The results herein presented demonstrate the modulatory role exerted by the AP2γ transcription factor and the relevance of hippocampal neurogenesis in the development of emotional states and memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Loureiro-Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António Mateus-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Patrício
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carina Soares-Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Morais Sardinha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Mendes-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago Silveira-Rosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Verónica Domingues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana João Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal.,IPCA-EST-2Ai, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Applied Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Campus of IPCA, Barcelos, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Dinis Alves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
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15
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Short high fat diet triggers reversible and region specific effects in DCX + hippocampal immature neurons of adolescent male mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21499. [PMID: 34728755 PMCID: PMC8563989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence represents a crucial period for maturation of brain structures involved in cognition. Early in life unhealthy dietary patterns are associated with inferior cognitive outcomes at later ages; conversely, healthy diet is associated with better cognitive results. In this study we analyzed the effects of a short period of hypercaloric diet on newborn hippocampal doublecortin+ (DCX) immature neurons in adolescent mice. Male mice received high fat diet (HFD) or control low fat diet (LFD) from the 5th week of age for 1 or 2 weeks, or 1 week HFD followed by 1 week LFD. After diet supply, mice were either perfused for immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis or their hippocampi were dissected for biochemical assays. Detailed morphometric analysis was performed in DCX+ cells that displayed features of immature neurons. We report that 1 week-HFD was sufficient to dramatically reduce dendritic tree complexity of DCX+ cells. This effect occurred specifically in dorsal and not ventral hippocampus and correlated with reduced BDNF expression levels in dorsal hippocampus. Both structural and biochemical changes were reversed by a return to LFD. Altogether these studies increase our current knowledge on potential consequences of hypercaloric diet on brain and in particular on dorsal hippocampal neuroplasticity.
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16
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FKBP5 and early life stress affect the hippocampus by an age-dependent mechanism. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 9:100143. [PMID: 34589890 PMCID: PMC8474669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) adversely affects the brain and is commonly associated with the etiology of mental health disorders, like depression. In addition to the mood-related symptoms, patients with depression show dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, increased peripheral inflammation, and structural brain alterations. Although the underlying causes are unknown, polymorphisms in the FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) gene, a regulator of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity, interact with childhood adversities to increase vulnerability to depressive disorders. We hypothesized that high FKBP5 protein levels combined with early life stress (ELS) would alter the HPA axis and brain, promoting depressive-like behaviors. To test this, we exposed males and females of a mouse model overexpressing FKBP5 in the brain (rTgFKBP5 mice), or littermate controls, to maternal separation for 14 days after birth. Then, we evaluated neuroendocrine, behavioral, and brain changes in young adult and aged mice. We observed lower basal corticosterone (CORT) levels in rTgFKBP5 mice, which was exacerbated in females. Aged, but not young, rTgFKBP5 mice showed increased depressive-like behaviors. Moreover, FKBP5 overexpression reduced hippocampal neuron density in aged mice, while promoting markers of microglia expression, but these effects were reversed by ELS. Together, these results demonstrate that high FKBP5 affects basal CORT levels, depressive-like symptoms, and numbers of neurons and microglia in the hippocampus in an age-dependent manner. High FKBP5 reduces basal corticosterone levels in mice, especially in females. ELS prevents FKBP5-induced susceptibility to depressive-like behavior in aged mice. FKBP5 overexpression reduces hippocampal neuron density in aged mice, while increasing microglial markers.
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17
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Martins-Macedo J, Salgado AJ, Gomes ED, Pinto L. Adult brain cytogenesis in the context of mood disorders: From neurogenesis to the emergent role of gliogenesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:411-428. [PMID: 34555383 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders severely impact patients' lives. Motivational, cognitive and emotional deficits are the most common symptoms observed in these patients and no effective treatment is still available, either due to the adverse side effects or the low rate of efficacy of currently available drugs. Neurogenesis recovery has been one important focus in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, which undeniably contributes to the therapeutic action of antidepressants. However, glial plasticity is emerging as a new strategy to explore the deficits observed in mood disorders and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Thus, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms behind glio- and neurogenesis to better define treatments and preventive therapies, once adult cytogenesis is of pivotal importance to cognitive and emotional components of behavior, both in healthy and pathological contexts, including in psychiatric disorders. Here, we review the concepts and history of neuro- and gliogenesis, providing as well a reflection on the functional importance of cytogenesis in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Martins-Macedo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo D Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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18
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Vega-Rivera NM, González-Monroy E, Morelos-Santana E, Estrada-Camarena E. The relevance of the endocrine condition in microglia morphology and dendrite complexity of doublecortin-associated neurons in young adult and middle-aged female rats exposed to acute stress. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:5293-5309. [PMID: 34302304 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Menopause, natural or surgical, might facilitate the onset of psychiatric pathologies. Some reports suggest that their severity could increase if the decline of ovarian hormones occurs abruptly and before natural endocrine senescence. Therefore, we compared the effects of ovariectomy on microglia's morphological alterations, the complexity of newborn neurons, and the animal's ability to cope with stress. Young adult (3 months) and middle-aged (15 months) female Wistar rats were subjected to an ovariectomy (OVX) or were sham-operated. After 3 weeks, animals were assigned to one of the following independent groups: (1) young adult OVX + no stress; (2) young adult sham + no stress; (3) young adult OVX + stress; (4) young adult sham + stress; (5) middle-aged OVX + no stress; (6) middle-aged sham + no stress; (7) middle-aged OVX + stress; (8) middle-aged sham + stress. Acute stress was induced by forced swimming test (FST) exposure. Immobility behavior was scored during FST and 30 min after; animals were euthanized, their brains collected and prepared for immunohistochemical detection of Iba-1 to analyze morphological alterations in microglia, and doublecortin (DCX) detection to evaluate the dendrite complexity of newborn neurons. OVX increased immobility behavior, induced microglia morphological alterations, and reduced dendrite complexity of newborn neurons in young adult rats. FST further increased this effect. In middle-aged rats, the main effects were related to the aging process without OVX or stress exposure. In conclusion, surgical menopause favors in young adult rats, but not in middle-aged, the vulnerability to develop immobility behavior, retracted morphology of microglial cells, and decreased dendrite complexity of newborn neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Maritza Vega-Rivera
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Neurosciences, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar González-Monroy
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Neurosciences, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erik Morelos-Santana
- Division of Clinical Investigations, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Neurosciences, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
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19
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Hong Y, Wu W, Wang S, Hao Q, Zheng H, Li S, Zhang X, Sun R. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade attenuates posttraumatic stress disorder-related chronic pain by inhibiting glial activation in the spinal cord. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108704. [PMID: 34252405 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain are highly comorbid conditions, but the underlying mechanisms of and therapeutic strategies against PTSD-related pain remain unclear. Our previous studies suggested that dysregulation of neuroinflammation contributes to the development of stress-induced hyperalgesia. Recent studies reported that angiotensin II was a 'stress-related hormone', and could induce glial activation by stimulating the type 1 receptor (AT1R). In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether AT1R blockade could attenuate mechanical allodynia induced by PTSD-like stress. Adult male rats were exposed to single prolonged stress (SPS) to establish a model of PTSD-pain comorbidity. Our results showed that SPS exposure increased the levels of angiotensin II in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex (PFC) and spinal cord; intraperitoneal injection of losartan attenuated SPS-induced mechanical allodynia, and suppressed SPS-induced glial activation (both microglia and astrocytes) and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the PFC and spinal cord, but not in the hippocampus. We further showed that intrathecal injection of losartan also exerted anti-hyperalgesic effect and suppressed SPS-induced glial activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the spinal cord. These results indicated that AT1R blockade by losartan attenuated mechanical allodynia induced by PTSD-like stress, and this may be attributed to the suppression of glial activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the spinal cord. Although further research is warranted to verify our findings in female rodents and to assess pharmacological effects of AT1R blockade in PFC and hippocampus, our study suggested the therapeutic potential of targeting AT1R in the treatment of PTSD-related chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishun Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quanshui Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Rao Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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20
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Mampay M, Flint MS, Sheridan GK. Tumour brain: Pretreatment cognitive and affective disorders caused by peripheral cancers. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3977-3996. [PMID: 34029379 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
People that develop extracranial cancers often display co-morbid neurological disorders, such as anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment, even before commencement of chemotherapy. This suggests bidirectional crosstalk between non-CNS tumours and the brain, which can regulate peripheral tumour growth. However, the reciprocal neurological effects of tumour progression on brain homeostasis are not well understood. Here, we review brain regions involved in regulating peripheral tumour development and how they, in turn, are adversely affected by advancing tumour burden. Tumour-induced activation of the immune system, blood-brain barrier breakdown and chronic neuroinflammation can lead to circadian rhythm dysfunction, sleep disturbances, aberrant glucocorticoid production, decreased hippocampal neurogenesis and dysregulation of neural network activity, resulting in depression and memory impairments. Given that cancer-related cognitive impairment diminishes patient quality of life, reduces adherence to chemotherapy and worsens cancer prognosis, it is essential that more research is focused at understanding how peripheral tumours affect brain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe Mampay
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Melanie S Flint
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Graham K Sheridan
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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21
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liu N, Ren S, Xia C, Yang X, Lou Y, Wang H, Zhang N, Yan X, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Chen N. Comparative Proteomic Characterization of Ventral Hippocampus in Susceptible and Resilient Rats Subjected to Chronic Unpredictable Stress. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:675430. [PMID: 34220431 PMCID: PMC8249003 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.675430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is an essential factor leading to depression. However, there exist individual differences in people exposed to the same stressful stimuli. Some people display negative psychology and behavior, while others are normal. Given the importance of individual difference, finding differentially expressed proteins in stress-resistant and stress-susceptible groups has great significance for the study of pathogenesis and treatment of depression. In this study, stress-susceptible rats and stress-resilient rats were first distinguished by sucrose preference test. These stress-susceptible rats also displayed depression-like behaviors in forced swimming test and open field test. Then, we employed label-free quantitative proteomics to analyze proteins in the ventral hippocampus. There were 4,848 proteins totally identified. Based on statistical analysis, we found 276 differentially expressed proteins. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the biological processes of these differential proteins were related to mitochondrion organization, protein localization, coenzyme metabolic process, cerebral cortex tangential migration, vesicle-mediated transport, and so on. The KEGG pathways were mainly involved in metabolic pathways, axon guidance, autophagy, and tight junction. Furthermore, we ultimately found 20 stress-susceptible proteins and two stress-resilient proteins. These stress-related proteins could not only be potential biomarkers for depression diagnosis but also contribute to finding new therapeutic targets and providing personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Congyuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxia Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Naihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Dioli C, Patrício P, Pinto LG, Marie C, Morais M, Vyas S, Bessa JM, Pinto L, Sotiropoulos I. Adult neurogenic process in the subventricular zone-olfactory bulb system is regulated by Tau protein under prolonged stress. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13027. [PMID: 33988263 PMCID: PMC8249793 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The area of the subventricular zone (SVZ) in the adult brain exhibits the highest number of proliferative cells, which, together with the olfactory bulb (OB), maintains constant brain plasticity through the generation, migration and integration of newly born neurons. Despite Tau and its malfunction is increasingly related to deficits of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and brain plasticity under pathological conditions [e.g. in Alzheimer's disease (AD)], it remains unknown whether Tau plays a role in the neurogenic process of the SVZ and OB system under conditions of chronic stress, a well‐known sculptor of brain and risk factor for AD. Materials and methods Different types of newly born cells in SVZ and OB were analysed in animals that lack Tau gene (Tau‐KO) and their wild‐type littermates (WT) under control or chronic stress conditions. Results We demonstrate that chronic stress reduced the number of proliferating cells and neuroblasts in the SVZ leading to decreased number of newborn neurons in the OB of adult WT, but not Tau‐KO, mice. Interestingly, while stress‐evoked changes were not detected in OB granular cell layer, Tau‐KO exhibited increased number of mature neurons in this layer indicating altered neuronal migration due to Tau loss. Conclusions Our findings suggest the critical involvement of Tau in the neurogenesis suppression of SVZ and OB neurogenic niche under stressful conditions highlighting the role of Tau protein as an essential regulator of stress‐driven plasticity deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Dioli
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Team Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors, Department of Neurosciences Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130, Paris, France
| | - Patrícia Patrício
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Lucilia-Goreti Pinto
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Clemence Marie
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mónica Morais
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sheela Vyas
- Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Team Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors, Department of Neurosciences Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130, Paris, France
| | - João M Bessa
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luisa Pinto
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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23
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Planchez B, Lagunas N, Le Guisquet AM, Legrand M, Surget A, Hen R, Belzung C. Increasing Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Promotes Resilience in a Mouse Model of Depression. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050972. [PMID: 33919292 PMCID: PMC8143348 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies evaluated the functional role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and its key role in cognitive functions and mood regulation. The effects of promoting AHN on the recovery of stress-induced symptoms have been well studied, but its involvement in stress resilience remains elusive. We used a mouse model enabling us to foster AHN before the exposure to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) to evaluate the potential protective effects of AHN on stress, assessing the depressive-like phenotype and executive functions. For this purpose, an inducible transgenic mouse model was used to delete the pro-apoptotic gene Bax from neural progenitors four weeks before UCMS, whereby increasing the survival of adult-generated neurons. Our results showed that UCMS elicited a depressive-like phenotype, highlighted by a deteriorated coat state, a higher immobility duration in the tail suspension test (TST), and a delayed reversal learning in a water maze procedure. Promoting AHN before UCMS was sufficient to prevent the development of stressed-induced behavioral changes in the TST and the water maze, reflecting an effect of AHN on stress resilience. Taken together, our data suggest that increasing AHN promotes stress resilience on some depressive-like symptoms but also in cognitive symptoms, which are often observed in MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Planchez
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France; (B.P.); (N.L.); (A.-M.L.G.); (M.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Natalia Lagunas
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France; (B.P.); (N.L.); (A.-M.L.G.); (M.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Anne-Marie Le Guisquet
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France; (B.P.); (N.L.); (A.-M.L.G.); (M.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Marc Legrand
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France; (B.P.); (N.L.); (A.-M.L.G.); (M.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexandre Surget
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France; (B.P.); (N.L.); (A.-M.L.G.); (M.L.); (A.S.)
| | - René Hen
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry & Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Catherine Belzung
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France; (B.P.); (N.L.); (A.-M.L.G.); (M.L.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Stadtler H, Shaw G, Neigh GN. Mini-review: Elucidating the psychological, physical, and sex-based interactions between HIV infection and stress. Neurosci Lett 2021; 747:135698. [PMID: 33540057 PMCID: PMC9258904 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stress is generally classified as any mental or emotional strain resulting from difficult circumstances, and can manifest in the form of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or other neurocognitive disorders. Neurocognitive disorders such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD are large contributors to disability worldwide, and continue to affect individuals and communities. Although these disorders affect men and women, women are disproportionately represented among those diagnosed with affective disorders, a result of both societal gender roles and physical differences. Furthermore, the incidence of these neurocognitive disorders is augmented among People Living with HIV (PLWH); the physical ramifications of stress increase the likelihood of HIV acquisition, pathogenesis, and treatment, as both stress and HIV infection are characterized by chronic inflammation, which creates a more opportunistic environment for HIV. Although the stress response is facilitated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, when the response involves a psychological component, additional brain regions are engaged. The impact of chronic stress exposure and the origin of individual variation in stress responses and resilience are at least in part attributable to regions outside the primary stress circuity, including the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. This review aims to elucidate the relationship between stress and HIV, how these interact with sex, and to understand the physical ramifications of these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Stadtler
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gladys Shaw
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gretchen N Neigh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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25
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Sharma VK, Singh TG. Navigating Alzheimer's Disease via Chronic Stress: The Role of Glucocorticoids. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:433-444. [PMID: 31625472 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191017114735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic intensifying incurable progressive disease leading to neurological deterioration manifested as impairment of memory and executive brain functioning affecting the physical ability like intellectual brilliance, common sense in patients. The recent therapeutic approach in Alzheimer's disease is only the symptomatic relief further emerging the need for therapeutic strategies to be targeted in managing the underlying silent killing progression of dreaded pathology. Therefore, the current research direction is focused on identifying the molecular mechanisms leading to the evolution of the understanding of the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. The resultant saturation in the area of current targets (amyloid β, τ Protein, oxidative stress etc.) has led the scientific community to rethink of the mechanistic neurodegenerative pathways and reprogram the current research directions. Although, the role of stress has been recognized for many years and contributing to the development of cognitive impairment, the area of stress has got the much-needed impetus recently and is being recognized as a modifiable menace for AD. Stress is an unavoidable human experience that can be resolved and normalized but chronic activation of stress pathways unsettle the physiological status. Chronic stress mediated activation of neuroendocrine stimulation is generally linked to a high risk of developing AD. Chronic stress-driven physiological dysregulation and hypercortisolemia intermingle at the neuronal level and leads to functional (hypometabolism, excitotoxicity, inflammation) and anatomical remodeling of the brain architecture (senile plaques, τ tangles, hippocampal atrophy, retraction of spines) ending with severe cognitive deterioration. The present review is an effort to collect the most pertinent evidence that support chronic stress as a realistic and modifiable therapeutic earmark for AD and to advocate glucocorticoid receptors as therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Sharma
- Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh-171207, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab-140401, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab-140401, India
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26
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Kafetzopoulos V, Kokras N, Sousa N, Antoniou K, Sotiropoulos I, Dalla C. Nucleus Reuniens Lesion and Antidepressant Treatment Prevent Hippocampal Neurostructural Alterations Induced by Chronic Mild Stress in Male Rats. Neuroscience 2020; 454:85-93. [PMID: 32828941 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus-prefrontal cortex circuit plays a major role in stress and in the neurobiology of depression and its treatment. Disruption of this circuit by lesioning the thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE) has been shown to prevent the detrimental effects of chronic mild stress on prefrontal cortex neuroplasticity indices in male rats. However, it remains unknown whether hippocampal neurostructural response to stress is modified by RE lesion. In the present study, adult male rats were subjected to the chronic mild stress model of depression and were treated with either vehicle or an antidepressant (i.e. sertraline). Moreover, a group of animals was subjected to RE lesion before stress exposure with or without sertraline treatment. We demonstrated that chronic mild stress induced hippocampal CA1 dendritic atrophy and this was prevented by pre-stress RE lesion to the same extent that antidepressant treatment reversed it. The present findings highlight the importance of hippocampal-prefrontal cortex communication in chronic stress effects on hippocampal neuroplasticity and contribute to the elucidation of the role of RE in neurostructural changes underlying stress-driven depression and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Kafetzopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kokras
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Katerina Antoniou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Christina Dalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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27
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Zhang H, Wei M, Sun Q, Yang T, Lu X, Feng X, Song M, Cui L, Fan H. Lycopene ameliorates chronic stress-induced hippocampal injury and subsequent learning and memory dysfunction through inhibiting ROS/JNK signaling pathway in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111688. [PMID: 32810585 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The natural carotenoid lycopene (LYC) has strong antioxidant and neuroprotective capacities. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of LYC on chronic stress-induced hippocampal lesions and learning and memory dysfunction. Rats were administered LYC and/or chronic restraint stress (CRS) for 21 days. Morris water maze results demonstrated that LYC prevented CRS-induced learning and memory dysfunction. Histopathological staining and transmission electron microscopy observation revealed that LYC ameliorated CRS-induced hippocampal microstructural and ultrastructural damage. Furthermore, LYC alleviated CRS-induced oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. LYC also improved CRS-induced hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction by recovering mitochondrial membrane potential, and complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) and II (succinate dehydrogenase) activities. Moreover, LYC reduced CRS-induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and decreased the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end-labeled positive cells. Additionally, western blot analysis demonstrated that LYC inhibited CRS-induced activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. Correlation analysis indicated that ROS levels, JNK activation, and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway were positively correlated. Further investigation of the underlying mechanisms revealed that the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine inhibited CRS-induced JNK activation. Furthermore, the JNK inhibitor SP600125 relieved CRS-induced hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and learning and memory dysfunction. Together, these results suggest that LYC alleviates hippocampal oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis by inhibiting the ROS/JNK signaling pathway, thereby improving CRS-induced hippocampal injury and learning and memory dysfunction. This study provides a theoretical basis and new therapeutic strategies for the application of LYC to relieve chronic stress encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Mian Wei
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Qinghong Sun
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Tianyuan Yang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Lu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiujing Feng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Miao Song
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Lin Cui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Honggang Fan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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28
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Ang MJ, Kang S, Moon C. Melatonin alters neuronal architecture and increases cysteine-rich protein 1 signaling in the male mouse hippocampus. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:2333-2348. [PMID: 32754943 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal plasticity describes changes in structure, function, and connections of neurons. The hippocampus, in particular, has been shown to exhibit considerable plasticity regarding both physiological and morphological functions. Melatonin, a hormone released by the pineal gland, promotes cell survival and dendrite maturation of neurons in the newborn brain and protects against neurological disorders. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous melatonin on neuronal architecture and its possible mechanism in the hippocampus of adult male C57BL/6 mice. Melatonin treatment significantly increased the total length and complexity of dendrites in the apical and basal cornu ammonis (CA) 1 and in the dentate gyrus in mouse hippocampi. Spine density in CA1 apical dendrites was increased, but no significant differences in other subregions were observed. In primary cultured hippocampal neurons, the length and arborization of neurites were significantly augmented by melatonin treatment. Additionally, western blot and immunohistochemical analyses in both in vivo and in vitro systems revealed significant increases in the level of cysteine-rich protein 1 (crp-1) protein, which is known to be involved in dendritic branching in mouse hippocampal neurons after melatonin treatment. Our results suggest that exogenous melatonin leads to significant alterations of neuronal micromorphometry in the adult hippocampus, possibly via crp-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jasmin Ang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sohi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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29
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Sex Hormone Depletion Augments Glucocorticoid Induction of Tau Hyperphosphorylation in Male Rat Brain. Neuroscience 2020; 454:140-150. [PMID: 32512138 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones secreted by the gonads (sex steroids) and adrenal glands (glucocorticoids, GC) are known to influence brain structure and function. While levels of sex steroids wane in late adulthood, corticosteroid levels tend to rise in many individuals due to age-related impairments in their feedback on central mechanisms regulating adrenal function. These fluctuations in sex and adrenal steroid secretion may be relevant to age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) in which hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein is a key pathological event. We here report that both, long-term GC deprivation (by adrenalectomy) and exogenous GC administration with natural or synthetic glucocorticoid receptor ligands (corticosterone and dexamethasone, respectively) induce Tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus and frontocortical regions at epitopes associated with disruption of cytoskeletal and synaptic function. Interestingly, we observed that the changes in Tau induced by manipulation of the GC milieu of male rats were exacerbated by testosterone depletion (by orchiectomy). While this finding supports previous suggestions of a neuroprotective role of male sex hormones, this is the first study to address interactions between adrenal and sex steroids on Tau hyperphosphorylation and accumulation that are known to endanger neuronal function and plasticity. These results are particularly important for understanding the mechanisms that can precipitate AD because, besides being modulated by age, GC are elevated by stress, a phenomenon now established as a trigger of deficits in neural plasticity and survival, cognitive behaviour and AD-like Tau pathology.
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30
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Wulaer B, Kunisawa K, Hada K, Jaya Suento W, Kubota H, Iida T, Kosuge A, Nagai T, Yamada K, Nitta A, Yamamoto Y, Saito K, Mouri A, Nabeshima T. Shati/Nat8l deficiency disrupts adult neurogenesis and causes attentional impairment through dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction in the dentate gyrus. J Neurochem 2020; 157:642-655. [PMID: 32275776 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Successful completion of daily activities relies on the ability to select the relevant features of the environment for memory and recall. Disruption to these processes can lead to various disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Dopamine is a neurotransmitter implicated in the regulation of several processes, including attention. In addition to the higher-order brain function, dopamine is implicated in the regulation of adult neurogenesis. Previously, we generated mice lacking Shati, an N-acetyltransferase-8-like protein on a C57BL/6J genetic background (Shati/Nat8l-/- ). These mice showed a series of changes in the dopamine system and ADHD-like behavioral phenotypes. Therefore, we hypothesized that deficiency of Shati/Nat8l would affect neurogenesis and attentional behavior in mice. We found aberrant morphology of neurons and impaired neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of Shati/Nat8l-/- mice. Additionally, research has suggested that impaired neurogenesis might be because of the reduction of dopamine in the hippocampus. Galantamine (GAL) attenuated the attentional impairment observed in the object-based attention test via increasing the dopamine release in the hippocampus of Shati/Nat8l-/- mice. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, methyllycaconitine, and dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390, blocked the ameliorating effect of GAL on attentional impairment in Shati/Nat8l-/- mice. These results suggest that the ameliorating effect of GAL on Shati/Nat8l-/- attentional impairment is associated with activation of D1 receptors following increased dopamine release in the hippocampus via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. In summary, Shati/Nat8l is important in both morphogenesis and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and attention, possible via modulation of dopaminergic transmission. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15061.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolati Wulaer
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kunisawa
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Willy Jaya Suento
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Hasanuddin University, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Hisayoshi Kubota
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Iida
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Aika Kosuge
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.,Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsumi Nitta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yamamoto
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan.,Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mouri
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan.,Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan.,Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, Japan
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31
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Khayum MA, Moraga-Amaro R, Buwalda B, Koole M, den Boer JA, Dierckx RAJO, Doorduin J, de Vries EFJ. Ovariectomy-induced depressive-like behavior and brain glucose metabolism changes in female rats are not affected by chronic mild stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 115:104610. [PMID: 32088632 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The increased incidence of depression in women going through peri-menopause suggests that fluctuations in estrogen levels may increase the risk of developing depression. Nonetheless, this psychiatric disorder is likely to be multifactorial and consequently an additional trigger may be needed to induce depression in this population. Stress could be such a trigger. We therefore investigated the effect of ovarian estrogen depletion and chronic mild stress (CMS) on depressive-like behavior and brain metabolism in female rats. Approximately 2 and 9 weeks after estrogen depletion by ovariectomy, behavioral changes were assessed in the open-field test and the forced swim test, and brain metabolism was measured with [18F]FDG PET imaging. A subset of animals was subjected to a 6-weeks CMS protocol starting 17 days after ovariectomy. Short-term estrogen depletion had a significant effect on brain metabolism in subcortical areas, but not on behavior. Differences in depressive-like behavior were only found after prolonged estrogen depletion, leading to an increased immobility time in the forced swim test. Prolonged estrogen depletion also resulted in an increase in glucose metabolism in frontal cortical areas and hippocampus, whereas a decrease glucose metabolism was found in temporal cortical areas, hypothalamus and brainstem. Neither short-term nor prolonged estrogen depletion caused anxiety-like behavior. Changes in body weight, behavior and brain glucose metabolism were not significantly affected by CMS. In conclusion, ovarian estrogen depletion resulted in changes in brain metabolism and depressive-like behavior, but these changes were not enhanced by CMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Khayum
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R Moraga-Amaro
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands; Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Buwalda
- Behavioral Physiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Koole
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J A den Boer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands; PRA-Health Sciences, Van Swietenlaan, 9728 NZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - E F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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32
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Tyrtyshnaia A, Manzhulo I. Neuropathic Pain Causes Memory Deficits and Dendrite Tree Morphology Changes in Mouse Hippocampus. J Pain Res 2020; 13:345-354. [PMID: 32104056 PMCID: PMC7023911 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s238458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuropathic pain manifests in a diverse combination of sensory symptoms and disorders of higher nervous activity, such as memory deficiency, anxiety, depression, anhedonia, etc. This suggests the participation of brain structures, including the hippocampus, in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. The elucidation of central sensitization mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain cognitive and affective symptoms may be useful in the development of new and effective treatments for these common disorders. The study aims to elucidate the effect of chronic neuropathic pain on cognitive function and underlying neuronal plasticity in the hippocampus. METHODS Chronic constriction injury of mouse right hind limb sciatic nerve was used as a model of neuropathic pain. The presence of neuropathic pain was confirmed by the thermal and mechanical allodynia. The morphology of the CA1 pyramidal neurons and the dentate gyrus (DG) granule neurons were studied using Golgi-Cox staining. The hippocampal proteins concentration was determined by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. RESULTS Behavioral testing revealed reduced locomotor activity as well as impaired working and long-term memory in mice with a ligated nerve. We revealed changes in the dendritic tree morphology in CA1 and the dentate gyrus hippocampal subregions. We found the atrophy of the CA1 pyramidal neurons and an increase in the dendritic tree complexity in DG. Moreover, changes in the density of dendritic spines were observed in these regions. In addition, we revealed increased expression of the Arc protein in DG granule neurons and decreased surface expression of AMPA receptors within the hippocampus. Decreased AMPA receptors expression underlies observed altered dendrite arborization and dendritic spines morphology. DISCUSSION We found that pain information entering the hippocampus causes neuronal plasticity changes. The changes in neurite arborization, dendritic length and dendritic spines morphology as well as protein expression are observed within the hippocampal regions involved in the processing of pain information. Moreover, changes in the dendrite morphology in hippocampal subregions are different due to the anatomical and functional heterogeneity of the hippocampus. Apparently, the detected morphological and biochemical changes can underlie the observed hippocampus-dependent behavioral and cognitive impairment in animals with neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tyrtyshnaia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Manzhulo
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
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Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and antidepressants effects. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 50:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Planchez B, Surget A, Belzung C. WITHDRAWN: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and antidepressants effects. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 50:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Prolactin, Estradiol and Testosterone Differentially Impact Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis in an In Vitro Model. Neuroscience 2020; 454:15-39. [PMID: 31930958 PMCID: PMC7839971 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human hippocampal progenitor cells (HPCs) and tissue express classical sex hormone receptors. Prolactin does not impact human HPCs maintained in a proliferative state. Prolactin increases neuronal differentiation of human HPCs only in the short term. Estradiol and testosterone both increase the cell density of proliferating HPCs. Estradiol and testosterone have no observed effect on differentiating HPCs.
Previous studies have indicated that sex hormones such as prolactin, estradiol and testosterone may play a role in the modulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in rodents and non-human primates, but so far there has been no investigation of their impact on human hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we quantify the expression levels of the relevant receptors in human post-mortem hippocampal tissue and a human hippocampal progenitor cell (HPC) line. Secondly, we investigate how these hormones modulate hippocampal neurogenesis using a human in vitro cellular model. Human female HPCs were cultured with biologically relevant concentrations of either prolactin, estradiol or testosterone. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, immunocytochemistry (ICC) and high-throughput analyses were used to quantify markers determining cell fate after HPCs were either maintained in a proliferative state or allowed to differentiate in the presence of these hormones. In proliferating cells, estrogen and testosterone increased cell density but had no clear effect on markers of proliferation or cell death to account for this. In differentiating cells, a 3-day treatment of prolactin elicited a transient effect, whereby it increased the proportion of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2)-positive and Doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells, but this effect was not apparent after 7-days. At this timepoint we instead observe a decrease in proliferation. Overall, our study demonstrates relatively minor, and possibly short-term effects of sex hormones on hippocampal neurogenesis in human cells. Further work will be needed to understand if our results differ to previous animal research due to species-specific differences, or whether it relates to limitations of our in vitro model.
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