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McLaughlin AP, Lambert E, Milton R, Mariani N, Kose M, Nikkheslat N, Patsalos O, Ferraro L, Chamseddine G, Panagiotopoulos S, Chang A, Ramar S, Patel A, Rubino F, Mondelli V. Peripheral inflammation associated with depression and reduced weight loss: a longitudinal study of bariatric patients. Psychol Med 2024; 54:601-610. [PMID: 37652080 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research implicates inflammation in the vicious cycle between depression and obesity, yet few longitudinal studies exist. The rapid weight loss induced by bariatric surgery is known to improve depressive symptoms dramatically, but preoperative depression diagnosis may also increase the risk for poor weight loss. Therefore, we investigated longitudinal associations between depression and inflammatory markers and their effect on weight loss and clinical outcomes in bariatric patients. METHODS This longitudinal observational study of 85 patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery included 41 cases with depression and 44 controls. Before and 6 months after surgery, we assessed depression by clinical interview and measured serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10. RESULTS Before surgery, depression diagnosis was associated with significantly higher serum hsCRP, IL-6, and IL-6/10 ratio levels after controlling for confounders. Six months after surgery, patients with pre-existing depression still had significantly higher inflammation despite demonstrating similar weight loss to controls. Hierarchical regression showed higher baseline hsCRP levels predicted poorer weight loss (β = -0.28, p = 0.01) but had no effect on depression severity at follow-up (β = -0.02, p = 0.9). Instead, more severe baseline depressive symptoms and childhood emotional abuse predicted greater depression severity after surgery (β = 0.81, p < 0.001; and β = 0.31, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Depression was significantly associated with higher inflammation beyond the effect of obesity and other confounders. Higher inflammation at baseline predicted poorer weight loss 6 months after surgery, regardless of depression diagnosis. Increased inflammation, rather than depression, may drive poor weight loss outcomes among bariatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P McLaughlin
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ellen Lambert
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Milton
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicole Mariani
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Melisa Kose
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Naghmeh Nikkheslat
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Olivia Patsalos
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luca Ferraro
- ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territorale Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
- Department of Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Diabetes & Nutritional Science Division, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ghassan Chamseddine
- Department of Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Diabetes & Nutritional Science Division, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Spyros Panagiotopoulos
- Department of Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Diabetes & Nutritional Science Division, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Avril Chang
- Department of Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Diabetes & Nutritional Science Division, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sasindran Ramar
- Department of Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Diabetes & Nutritional Science Division, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ameet Patel
- Department of Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Diabetes & Nutritional Science Division, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Francesco Rubino
- Department of Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Diabetes & Nutritional Science Division, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and King's College London, London, UK
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Yang L, Zhao Y, Qu R, Fu Y, Zhou C, Yu J. A network pharmacology and molecular docking approach to reveal the mechanism of Chaihu Anxin Capsule in depression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1256045. [PMID: 37745719 PMCID: PMC10513492 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1256045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction As one of the most frequently diagnosed mental disorders, depression is expected to become the most common disease worldwide by 2030. Previous studies have shown that Chaihu Anxin Capsule has powerful antidepressant effects. However, its mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of our research is to reveal the mechanisms of Chaihu Anxin Capsule in treating depression. Methods Information about the ingredients of the herb was gathered using the TCMSP. Genes associated with antidepressants were gathered from the GeneCards database. An "herbal-ingredient-target" network was constructed and analyzed using Cytoscape software. The PPI network of the antidepressant targets of Chaihu Anxin Capsule was constructed using the STRING database. KEGG pathway and GO enrichment were used to analyze the antidepressant targets. Molecular docking technology was used to confirm the capacity of the primary active ingredients of Chaihu Anxin Capsule to bind to central targets using AutoDock Vina and PyMOL software. Results Network analysis showed that five targets might be therapeutic targets of Chaihu Anxin Capsule in depression, namely, JUN, IL6, AKT1, TP53, and STAT3. The gene enrichment analysis implied that Chaihu Anxin Capsule benefits patients with depression by modulating pathways related to lipids and atherosclerosis and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. Molecular docking analyses revealed that JUN, IL6, AKT1, TP53, and STAT3 had good affinities for quercetin, beta-sitosterol and kaempferol. Conclusion According to the bioinformatics data, the antidepressant effects of Chaihu Anxin Capsule may be primarily linked to cholesterol and atherosclerosis as well as the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. These results emphasize that the expected therapeutic targets may be possible indicators for antidepressant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruochen Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Core Facilities and Centers, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Rahal D, Tashjian SM, Karan M, Eisenberger N, Galván A, Fuligni AJ, Hastings PD, Cole SW. Positive and negative emotion are associated with generalized transcriptional activation in immune cells. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106103. [PMID: 37054596 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in immune system gene expression have been implicated in psychopathology, but it remains unclear whether similar associations occur for intraindividual variations in emotion. The present study examined whether positive emotion and negative emotion were related to expression of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes in circulating leukocytes from a community sample of 90 adolescents (Mage = 16.3 years, SD = 0.7; 51.1% female). Adolescents reported their positive emotion and negative emotion and provided blood samples twice, five weeks apart. Using a multilevel analytic framework, we found that within-individual increases in positive emotion were associated with reduced expression of both pro-inflammatory and Type I interferon (IFN) response genes, even after adjusting for demographic and biological covariates, and for leukocyte subset abundance. By contrast, increases in negative emotion were related to higher expression of pro-inflammatory and Type I IFN genes. When tested in the same model, only associations with positive emotion emerged as significant, and increases in overall emotional valence were associated with both lower pro-inflammatory and antiviral gene expression. These results are distinct from the previously observed Conserved Transcriptional Response to Adversity (CTRA) gene regulation pattern characterized by reciprocal changes in pro-inflammatory and antiviral gene expression and may reflect alterations in generalized immunologic activation. These findings highlight one biological pathway by which emotion may potentially impact health and physiological function in the context of the immune system, and future studies can investigate whether fostering positive emotion may promote adolescent health through changes in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Rahal
- Edna Bennet Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Sarah M Tashjian
- Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Maira Karan
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Naomi Eisenberger
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adriana Galván
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew J Fuligni
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paul D Hastings
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Steve W Cole
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Yan M, Bo X, Zhang X, Zhang J, Liao Y, Zhang H, Cheng Y, Guo J, Cheng J. Mangiferin Alleviates Postpartum Depression-Like Behaviors by Inhibiting MAPK Signaling in Microglia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:840567. [PMID: 35721155 PMCID: PMC9204178 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.840567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD), a severe mental health disorder, is closely associated with decreased gonadal hormone levels during the postpartum period. Mangiferin (MGF) possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation. Growing evidence has suggested that neuroinflammation is involved in the development of depression. However, the role of MGF in the development of PPD is largely unknown. In the present study, by establishing a hormone-simulated pregnancy PPD mouse model, we found that the administration of MGF significantly alleviated PPD-like behaviors. Mechanistically, MGF treatment inhibited microglial activation and neuroinflammation. Moreover, we found that MGF treatment inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in vivo and in vitro. Together, these results highlight an important role of MGF in microglial activation and thus give insights into the potential therapeutic strategy for PPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Yan
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xuena Bo
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xinchao Zhang
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jingdan Zhang
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yajin Liao
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Junxia Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Dong M, Du H, Li X, Zhang L, Wang X, Wang Z, Jiang H. Discovery of Biomarkers and Potential Mechanisms of Agarwood Incense Smoke Intervention by Untargeted Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:265-278. [PMID: 35115762 PMCID: PMC8801373 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s348028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Agarwood, as a traditional Chinese medicine, has great potential value for the treatment of tranquilization. However, its potential mechanisms and biomarkers are still unclear. Methods In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS)-based metabonomics was adopted to discover the potential biomarkers in mice after agarwood incense smoke (AIS) intervention. Furthermore, the chemical components in agarwood were identified based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS. The global view of potential compound-target-pathway (C-T-B) network was constructed through network pharmacology to understand the potentially material basis of biomarkers. Results Metabolic profiling indicated that the metabolic changed significantly in mice serum after AIS intervention. A total of 18 potential biomarkers closely related to insomnia and emotional disease were identified, mainly involving in tryptophan metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways. A total of 138 components in agarwood were identified based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS. The results showed that mainly compounds such as flidersia type 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones (FTPECs) and sesquiterpenes exerted good docking abilities with key target proteins, which were involved in multiple diseases including depression and hypnosis. Conclusion In conclusion, this study enhanced current understanding of the change of metabolic markers after AIS intervention. Meanwhile, it also confirmed the feasibility of combining metabolomics and network pharmacology to identify active components and elucidate the material basis of biomarkers and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyue Dong
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Du
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueling Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqiang Jiang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People's Republic of China
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Bioinformatics and Network Pharmacology-Based Approaches to Explore the Potential Mechanism of the Antidepressant Effect of Cyperi Rhizoma through Soothing the Liver. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2021:8614963. [PMID: 35126596 PMCID: PMC8816580 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8614963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has become the second most common disease worldwide, making it a threat to human health. Cyperi Rhizoma (CR) is a traditional herbal medicine with antidepressant properties. Traditional Chinese medicine theory states that CR relieves MDD by dispersing stagnated liver qi to soothe the liver, but the material basis and underlying mechanism have not been elucidated. In this study, we identified the active compounds and potential anti-MDD targets of CR by network pharmacology-based approaches. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, we hypothesized that the anti-MDD effect of CR may be mediated by an altered response of the liver to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and glucose metabolism. Through bioinformatics analysis, comparing normal and MDD liver tissue in rats with spontaneous diabetes, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and selected PAI-1 (SERPINE1) as a target of CR in combating MDD. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis also verified the binding of the active compound quercetin to PAI-1. It can be concluded that quercetin is the active compound of CR that acts against MDD by targeting PAI-1 to enhance the liver response to LPS and glucose metabolism. This study not only reveals the material basis and underlying mechanism of CR against MDD through soothing the liver but also provides evidence for PAI-1 as a potential target and quercetin as a potential agent for MDD treatment.
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Wu C, Wang D, Niu K, Feng Q, Chen H, Zhu H, Xiang H. Gene expression profiling in peripheral blood lymphocytes for major depression: preliminary cues from Chinese discordant sib-pair study. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:540. [PMID: 34667146 PMCID: PMC8526709 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) involves many factors such as heredity and environment. There are very few MDD-related studies in Chinese population using twin or sib-pairs for depression-control samples. Here we used the microarray approach and compared gene expression profiling of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 6 sib-pairs discordant on lifetime history of MDD. Within sib-pair differentially expressed genes are obvious fewer in the 1st, 2nd, and 5th compared with those in the 3rd, 4th, and 6th sib-pairs. Gene expression pattern of these DEGs distinguished MDD individuals from the normal one in 3rd, 4th, and 6th sib-pair but not in the 1st, 2nd, and 5th pair, suggesting heterogeneity of different sib-pairs and somewhat commonalities among the 3rd, 4th, and 6th sib-pairs. Comprehensive protein interaction network analysis revealed two key genes PTH and FGF2 in a dominant network where the majority of the genes were significantly down-regulated. PTH was significantly down-regulated in all the sib-pairs while FGF2 was in the 3rd, 4th, and 6th sib-pairs. KEGG enrichment analysis of all the DEGs in networks showed that PTH and related genes were significantly enriched in the pathway of parathyroid hormone secretion, synthesis, and action while FGF2 and related genes were significantly enriched in the pathways of cancer and specifically breast cancer. Generally reduced expression of these genes in peripheral blood lymphocytes of MDD individuals implied their functional repression associated with MDD. Pending validation in more samples, the findings in this study provided valuable cues for understanding the potential mechanism of MDD, as well as potential markers for the diagnosis and treatment of depression in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Wu
- grid.459864.20000 0004 6005 705XSouth China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medical Research, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China ,grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Danfeng Wang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangkang Niu
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Qili Feng
- grid.459864.20000 0004 6005 705XSouth China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medical Research, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China ,grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Hanwei Chen
- grid.459864.20000 0004 6005 705XSouth China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medical Research, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibing Zhu
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medical Research, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hui Xiang
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medical Research, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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