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Bazaz MR, Asthana A, Dandekar MP. Chitosan revokes controlled-cortical impact generated neurological aberrations in circadian disrupted mice via TLR4-NLRP3 axis. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 969:176436. [PMID: 38423243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The severity of inevitable neurological deficits and long-term psychiatric disorders in the aftermath of traumatic brain injury is influenced by pre-injury biological factors. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic effect of chitosan lactate on neurological and psychiatric aberrations inflicted by circadian disruption (CD) and controlled-cortical impact (CCI) injury in mice. Firstly, CD was developed in mice by altering sporadic day-night cycles for 2 weeks. Then, CCI surgery was performed using a stereotaxic ImpactOne device. Mice subjected to CCI displayed a significant disruption of motor coordination at 1-, 3- and 5-days post-injury (DPI) in the rotarod test. These animals showed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze and forced-swim test at 14 and 15 DPI, respectively. Notably, mice subjected to CD + CCI exhibited severe cognitive impairment in Y-maze and novel object recognition tasks. The compromised neurological, psychiatric, and cognitive functions were mitigated in chitosan-treated mice (1 and 3 mg/mL). Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR assay results revealed the magnified responses of prima facie biomarkers like glial-fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 in the pericontusional brain region of the CD + CCI group, indicating aggravated inflammation. We also noted the depleted levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and augmented expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-leucine-rich-containing family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling [apoptosis-associated-speck-like protein (ASC), caspase-1, and interleukin 1-β] in the pericontusional area of CD + CCI group. CCI-induced changes in the astrocyte-glia and aggravated immune responses were ameliorated in chitosan-treated mice. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of chitosan in CCI-induced brain injury may be mediated by inhibition of the TLR4-NLRP3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Rabi Bazaz
- Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology and Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Amit Asthana
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology and Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, 500037, India.
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Frank D, Gruenbaum BF, Zvenigorodsky V, Shelef I, Oleshko A, Matalon F, Tsafarov B, Zlotnik A, Frenkel A, Boyko M. Establishing a 3-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging Method for Assessing Diffuse Axonal Brain Injury in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4234. [PMID: 38673818 PMCID: PMC11050572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) significantly contributes to death and disability worldwide. However, treatment options remain limited. Here, we focus on a specific pathology of TBI, diffuse axonal brain injury (DABI), which describes the process of the tearing of nerve fibers in the brain after blunt injury. Most protocols to study DABI do not incorporate a specific model for that type of pathology, limiting their ability to identify mechanisms and comorbidities of DABI. In this study, we developed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol for DABI in a rat model using a 3-T clinical scanner. We compared the neuroimaging outcomes with histologic and neurologic assessments. In a sample size of 10 rats in the sham group and 10 rats in the DABI group, we established neurological severity scores before the intervention and at 48 h following DABI induction. After the neurological evaluation after DABI, all rats underwent MRI scans and were subsequently euthanized for histological evaluation. As expected, the neurological assessment showed a high sensitivity for DABI lesions indicated using the β-APP marker. Surprisingly, however, we found that the MRI method had greater sensitivity in assessing DABI lesions compared to histological methods. Out of the five MRI parameters with pathological changes in the DABI model, we found significant changes compared to sham rats in three parameters, and, as shown using comparative tests with other models, MRI was the most sensitive parameter, being even more sensitive than histology. We anticipate that this DABI protocol will have a significant impact on future TBI and DABI studies, advancing research on treatments specifically targeted towards improving patient quality of life and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Frank
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel; (D.F.)
| | - Benjamin F. Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Vladislav Zvenigorodsky
- Department of Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel; (V.Z.); (I.S.)
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Department of Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel; (V.Z.); (I.S.)
| | - Anna Oleshko
- Department of Biology and Methods of Teaching Biology, A. S. Makarenko Sumy State Pedagogical University, 40002 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Frederic Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel; (D.F.)
| | - Beatris Tsafarov
- Department of Histology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel; (D.F.)
| | - Amit Frenkel
- Department of Emergency Medicine Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel;
| | - Matthew Boyko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel; (D.F.)
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Boyko M, Gruenbaum BF, Oleshko A, Merzlikin I, Zlotnik A. Diet's Impact on Post-Traumatic Brain Injury Depression: Exploring Neurodegeneration, Chronic Blood-Brain Barrier Destruction, and Glutamate Neurotoxicity Mechanisms. Nutrients 2023; 15:4681. [PMID: 37960334 PMCID: PMC10649677 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has a profound impact on cognitive and mental functioning, leading to lifelong impairment and significantly diminishing the quality of life for affected individuals. A healthy blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a crucial role in guarding the brain against elevated levels of blood glutamate, making its permeability a vital aspect of glutamate regulation within the brain. Studies have shown the efficacy of reducing excess glutamate in the brain as a treatment for post-TBI depression, anxiety, and aggression. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the involvement of dietary glutamate in the development of depression after TBI. We performed a literature search to examine the effects of diets abundant in glutamate, which are common in Asian populations, when compared to diets low in glutamate, which are prevalent in Europe and America. We specifically explored these effects in the context of chronic BBB damage after TBI, which may initiate neurodegeneration and subsequently have an impact on depression through the mechanism of chronic glutamate neurotoxicity. A glutamate-rich diet leads to increased blood glutamate levels when contrasted with a glutamate-poor diet. Within the context of chronic BBB disruption, elevated blood glutamate levels translate to heightened brain glutamate concentrations, thereby intensifying neurodegeneration due to glutamate neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Boyko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Benjamin F Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Anna Oleshko
- Department of Biology and Methods of Teaching Biology, A. S. Makarenko Sumy State Pedagogical University, Sumy 40002, Ukraine
| | - Igor Merzlikin
- Department of Biology and Methods of Teaching Biology, A. S. Makarenko Sumy State Pedagogical University, Sumy 40002, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
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Boyko M, Gruenbaum BF, Frank D, Natanel D, Negev S, Azab AN, Barsky G, Knyazer B, Kofman O, Zlotnik A. The Integrity of the Blood-Brain Barrier as a Critical Factor for Regulating Glutamate Levels in Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065897. [PMID: 36982969 PMCID: PMC10056818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy blood-brain barrier (BBB) shields the brain from high concentrations of blood glutamate, which can cause neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. It is believed that traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes long-term BBB disruption, subsequently increasing brain glutamate in the blood, in addition to increased glutamate resulting from the neuronal injury. Here, we investigate the relationship between blood and brain glutamate levels in the context of BBB permeability. Rats exposed to BBB disruption through an osmotic model or TBI and treated with intravenous glutamate or saline were compared to control rats with an intact BBB treated with intravenous glutamate or saline. After BBB disruption and glutamate administration, the concentrations of glutamate in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood and brain tissue were analyzed. The results showed a strong correlation between the brain and blood glutamate concentrations in the groups with BBB disruption. We conclude that a healthy BBB protects the brain from high levels of blood glutamate, and the permeability of the BBB is a vital component in regulating levels of glutamate in the brain. These findings bring a new approach to treating the consequences of TBI and other diseases where long-term disruption of the BBB is the central mechanism of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Boyko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Benjamin F Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Dmitry Frank
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Dmitry Natanel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Shahar Negev
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Abed N Azab
- Department of Nursing, Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Guy Barsky
- Department of Surgery B, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Boris Knyazer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Ora Kofman
- Department of Psychology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
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Frank D, Gruenbaum BF, Shelef I, Zvenigorodsky V, Severynovska O, Fleidervish I, Knyazer B, Frenkel A, Zlotnik A, Kofman O, Boyko M. Blood glutamate scavenging as a novel glutamate-based therapeutic approach for post-traumatic brain injury anxiety and social impairment. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:41. [PMID: 36739271 PMCID: PMC9899234 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious condition that is associated with an increased risk of severe, long-term psychiatric consequences. Drugs that target the glutamatergic system have proven successful in treating both TBI and many of its psychiatric sequelae. Blood glutamate scavengers (BGS) cause a decrease in blood glutamate levels, leading to a reduction in glutamate's concentration gradient from the brain to the blood and decreased levels of brain glutamate. This study evaluated the BGS pyruvate as a treatment for TBI-related neuropsychiatric conditions in a rat model. 213 rats were divided into four groups in a 2 × 2 design: Sham or TBI rats treated with pyruvate or control treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging, neurological status, brain glutamate and blood glutamate levels were assessed following the injury. Four weeks after the start of treatment, all rats underwent behavioral tests to assess anxious behavior and social impairment (aggressive and hierarchical behavior). Rats responded positively to pyruvate in several tasks, lowering brain glutamate levels and reducing anxiety and depression, as well as modulating TBI-related changes in social behavior. Glutamate scavenging with pyruvate may be an effective therapeutic option for post-TBI behavioral changes by reducing associated elevations in brain glutamate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Frank
- grid.412686.f0000 0004 0470 8989Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Benjamin F. Gruenbaum
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Ilan Shelef
- grid.412686.f0000 0004 0470 8989Department of Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Vladislav Zvenigorodsky
- grid.412686.f0000 0004 0470 8989Department of Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Olena Severynovska
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of the Faculty of Biology and Ecology, Oles Gonchar of the Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Ilya Fleidervish
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben–Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105 Israel
| | - Boris Knyazer
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Department of Ophthalmology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Amit Frenkel
- grid.412686.f0000 0004 0470 8989Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- grid.412686.f0000 0004 0470 8989Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ora Kofman
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Psychology Department, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105 Israel
| | - Matthew Boyko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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