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Xia M, Xia Y, Sun Y, Wang J, Lu J, Wang X, Xia D, Xu X, Sun B. Gut microbiome is associated with personality traits of free-ranging Tibetan macaques ( Macaca thibetana). Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1381372. [PMID: 38711972 PMCID: PMC11070476 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1381372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have emphasized that there is a strong link between the gut microbiome and the brain that affects social behavior and personality in animals. However, the interface between personality and the gut microbiome in wild primates remains poorly understood. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing and ethological methods in primate behavioral ecology to investigate the relationship between gut microbiome and personality in Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana). The behavioral assessment results indicated three personality dimensions including socialization, shyness, and anxiety. There was significant variation in alpha diversity only for shyness, with a significantly lower alpha diversity indices (including Shannon, Chao1, and PD) for bold individuals than for shy individuals. Using regression models to control for possible confounding factors, we found that the relative abundance of three genera, Akkermansia, Dialister, and Asteroleplasma, was significantly and positively correlated with the sociability scores in the macaques. In addition, Oscillospiraceae exhibited a positive correlation with scores for Shy Dimension. Furthermore, we found that the predicted functional genes for propionate and pyruvate, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolic pathways related to animal behavior, were significant enriched in shyness group. We propose that the gut microbiome may play an important role in the formation of personality of Tibetan macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Xia
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yingna Xia
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiakai Lu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Dongpo Xia
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China
| | - Binghua Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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Krzyściak W, Bystrowska B, Karcz P, Chrzan R, Bryll A, Turek A, Mazur P, Śmierciak N, Szwajca M, Donicz P, Furman K, Pilato F, Kozicz T, Popiela T, Pilecki M. Association of Blood Metabolomics Biomarkers with Brain Metabolites and Patient-Reported Outcomes as a New Approach in Individualized Diagnosis of Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2294. [PMID: 38396971 PMCID: PMC10888632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Given its polygenic nature, there is a need for a personalized approach to schizophrenia. The aim of the study was to select laboratory biomarkers from blood, brain imaging, and clinical assessment, with an emphasis on patients' self-report questionnaires. Metabolomics studies of serum samples from 51 patients and 45 healthy volunteers, based on the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), led to the identification of 3 biochemical indicators (cortisol, glutamate, lactate) of schizophrenia. These metabolites were sequentially correlated with laboratory tests results, imaging results, and clinical assessment outcomes, including patient self-report outcomes. The hierarchical cluster analysis on the principal components (HCPC) was performed to identify the most homogeneous clinical groups. Significant correlations were noted between blood lactates and 11 clinical and 10 neuroimaging parameters. The increase in lactate and cortisol were significantly associated with a decrease in immunological parameters, especially with the level of reactive lymphocytes. The strongest correlations with the level of blood lactate and cortisol were demonstrated by brain glutamate, N-acetylaspartate and the concentrations of glutamate and glutamine, creatine and phosphocreatine in the prefrontal cortex. Metabolomics studies and the search for associations with brain parameters and self-reported outcomes may provide new diagnostic evidence to specific schizophrenia phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirginia Krzyściak
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Beata Bystrowska
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Paulina Karcz
- Department of Electroradiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Health Sciences, 31-126 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Robert Chrzan
- Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, 31-503 Krakow, Poland; (R.C.); (A.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Amira Bryll
- Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, 31-503 Krakow, Poland; (R.C.); (A.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Aleksander Turek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.T.); (N.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.D.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Paulina Mazur
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Natalia Śmierciak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.T.); (N.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.D.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Marta Szwajca
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.T.); (N.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.D.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Paulina Donicz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.T.); (N.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.D.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Furman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.T.); (N.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.D.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Fabio Pilato
- Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Tadeusz Popiela
- Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, 31-503 Krakow, Poland; (R.C.); (A.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Maciej Pilecki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.T.); (N.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.D.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
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Boyko M, Gruenbaum BF, Oleshko A, Merzlikin I, Zlotnik A. Diet's Impact on Post-Traumatic Brain Injury Depression: Exploring Neurodegeneration, Chronic Blood-Brain Barrier Destruction, and Glutamate Neurotoxicity Mechanisms. Nutrients 2023; 15:4681. [PMID: 37960334 PMCID: PMC10649677 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has a profound impact on cognitive and mental functioning, leading to lifelong impairment and significantly diminishing the quality of life for affected individuals. A healthy blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a crucial role in guarding the brain against elevated levels of blood glutamate, making its permeability a vital aspect of glutamate regulation within the brain. Studies have shown the efficacy of reducing excess glutamate in the brain as a treatment for post-TBI depression, anxiety, and aggression. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the involvement of dietary glutamate in the development of depression after TBI. We performed a literature search to examine the effects of diets abundant in glutamate, which are common in Asian populations, when compared to diets low in glutamate, which are prevalent in Europe and America. We specifically explored these effects in the context of chronic BBB damage after TBI, which may initiate neurodegeneration and subsequently have an impact on depression through the mechanism of chronic glutamate neurotoxicity. A glutamate-rich diet leads to increased blood glutamate levels when contrasted with a glutamate-poor diet. Within the context of chronic BBB disruption, elevated blood glutamate levels translate to heightened brain glutamate concentrations, thereby intensifying neurodegeneration due to glutamate neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Boyko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Benjamin F Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Anna Oleshko
- Department of Biology and Methods of Teaching Biology, A. S. Makarenko Sumy State Pedagogical University, Sumy 40002, Ukraine
| | - Igor Merzlikin
- Department of Biology and Methods of Teaching Biology, A. S. Makarenko Sumy State Pedagogical University, Sumy 40002, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
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Dehhaghi M, Heng B, Guillemin GJ. The kynurenine pathway in traumatic brain injuries and concussion. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1210453. [PMID: 37360356 PMCID: PMC10289013 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1210453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 10 million people per annum experience traumatic brain injury (TBI), 80-90% of which are categorized as mild. A hit to the brain can cause TBI, which can lead to secondary brain injuries within minutes to weeks after the initial injury through unknown mechanisms. However, it is assumed that neurochemical changes due to inflammation, excitotoxicity, reactive oxygen species, etc., that are triggered by TBI are associated with the emergence of secondary brain injuries. The kynurenine pathway (KP) is an important pathway that gets significantly overactivated during inflammation. Some KP metabolites such as QUIN have neurotoxic effects suggesting a possible mechanism through which TBI can cause secondary brain injury. That said, this review scrutinizes the potential association between KP and TBI. A more detailed understanding of the changes in KP metabolites during TBI is essential to prevent the onset or at least attenuate the severity of secondary brain injuries. Moreover, this information is crucial for the development of biomarker/s to probe the severity of TBI and predict the risk of secondary brain injuries. Overall, this review tries to fill the knowledge gap about the role of the KP in TBI and highlights the areas that need to be studied.
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