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Heng B, Pires AS, Chow S, Krishnamurthy S, Bonnell B, Bustamante S, Guillemin GJ. Stability Studies of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites in Blood Components Define Optimal Blood Processing Conditions. Int J Tryptophan Res 2023; 16:11786469231213521. [PMID: 38106464 PMCID: PMC10725091 DOI: 10.1177/11786469231213521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the main pathway of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism that generates energy for multiple cellular processes. The activity of this pathway has been shown to be dysregulated in multiple human diseases. The resultant modulation of metabolites has been suggested to comprise biomarkers to track disease progression or could identify new therapeutic targets. While metabolite changes can be measured readily in blood, there is limited knowledge on the effect of blood matrices and sample processing time may have on the stability of KP metabolites. Understanding the stability of KP metabolites in blood is integral to obtaining accurate KP data to correlate with clinical pathology. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the concentration of KP metabolites in matched whole blood, plasma and serum. The impact of pre-analytical sample processing time in the various blood matrices was also analysed. Serum and plasma had the higher concentration of KP metabolites compared to whole blood. Furthermore, concentrations of KP metabolites declined when the collected blood was processed after 24 hours storage at 4°C. Our study shows that that type of blood matrix and the time to processing have an impact on the stability of the KP metabolites. Serum or plasma are the preferred choice of matrix and the isolation of these matrices from whole blood is best performed immediately after collection for optimal analytical KP data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Heng
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ananda Staats Pires
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharron Chow
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shivani Krishnamurthy
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brooke Bonnell
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Bustamante
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Kavyani B, Ahn SB, Missailidis D, Annesley SJ, Fisher PR, Schloeffel R, Guillemin GJ, Lovejoy DB, Heng B. Dysregulation of the Kynurenine Pathway, Cytokine Expression Pattern, and Proteomics Profile Link to Symptomology in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03784-z. [PMID: 38015302 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) is believed to play a significant role in neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders. While some evidence links the KP to myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), further studies are needed to clarify the overall picture of how inflammation-driven KP disturbances may contribute to symptomology in ME/CFS. Here, we report that plasma levels of most bioactive KP metabolites differed significantly between ME/CFS patients and healthy controls in a manner consistent with their known contribution to symptomology in other neurological disorders. Importantly, we found that enhanced production of the first KP metabolite, kynurenine (KYN), correlated with symptom severity, highlighting the relationship between inflammation, KP dysregulation, and ME/CFS symptomology. Other significant changes in the KP included lower levels of the downstream KP metabolites 3-HK, 3-HAA, QUIN, and PIC that could negatively impact cellular energetics. We also rationalized KP dysregulation to changes in the expression of inflammatory cytokines and, for the first time, assessed levels of the iron (Fe)-regulating hormone hepcidin that is also inflammation-responsive. Levels of hepcidin in ME/CFS decreased nearly by half, which might reflect systemic low Fe levels or possibly ongoing hypoxia. We next performed a proteomics screen to survey for other significant differences in protein expression in ME/CFS. Interestingly, out of the seven most significantly modulated proteins in ME/CFS patient plasma, 5 proteins have roles in maintaining gut health, which considering the new appreciation of how gut microbiome and health modulates systemic KP could highlight a new explanation of symptomology in ME/CFS patients and potential new prognostic biomarker/s and/or treatment avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Kavyani
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Seong Beom Ahn
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Missailidis
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah J Annesley
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul R Fisher
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David B Lovejoy
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Kazemi Shariat Panahi H, Dehhaghi M, Guillemin GJ, Peng W, Aghbashlo M, Tabatabaei M. Targeting microRNAs as a promising anti-cancer therapeutic strategy against traffic-related air pollution-mediated lung cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023:10.1007/s10555-023-10142-x. [PMID: 37910296 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants are increasingly emitted into the atmosphere because of the high dependency of humans on fossil-derived fuels. Wind speed and direction assisted high dispersibility and uncontrolled nature of air pollution across geo-/demographical borders, making it one of the major global concerns. Besides climate change, air pollution has been found to be associated with various diseases, such as cancer. Lung cancer, which is the world's most common type of cancer, has been found to be associated with traffic-related air pollution. Research and political efforts have been taken to explore green/renewable energy sources. However, these efforts at the current intensity cannot cope with the increasing need for fossil fuels. More specifically, political tensions such as the Russian-Ukraine war, economic tension (e.g., China-USA economic tensions), and other issues (e.g., pandemic, higher inflation rate, and poverty) significantly hindered phasing out fossil fuels. In this context, an increasing global population will be exposed to traffic-related air pollution, which justifies the current uptrend in the number of lung cancer patients. To combat this health burden, novel treatments with higher efficiency and specificity must be designed. One of the potential "life changer" options is microRNA (miRNA)-based therapy to target the expression of oncogenic genes. That said, this review discusses the association of traffic-related air pollution with lung cancer, the changes in indigenous miRNAs in the body during lung cancer, and the current status of miRNA therapeutics for lung cancer treatment. We believe that the article will significantly appeal to a broad readership of oncologists, environmentalists, and those who work in the field of (bio)energy. It may also gain the policymakers' attention to establish better health policies and regulations about air pollution, for example, by promoting (bio)fuel exploration, production, and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kazemi Shariat Panahi
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mona Dehhaghi
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India.
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Sapienza J, Spangaro M, Guillemin GJ, Comai S, Bosia M. Importance of the dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway on cognition in schizophrenia: a systematic review of clinical studies. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:1317-1328. [PMID: 36460745 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic psychotic disease burdened by cognitive deficits which hamper daily functioning causing disability and costs for society. Biological determinants underlying cognitive impairment are only partially understood and there are no convincing pharmacological targets able to improve cognitive outcome. Mounting evidence has shown the involvement of the kynurenine pathway in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, also concerning cognitive symptoms. Therefore, the action of specific metabolites of kynurenine could affects cognition in schizophrenia. To evaluate the impact of the metabolites of kynurenine pathway on cognitive functions in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, with a focus on the modulating role of gender, to identify predictors of cognitive functioning and hypothetical pharmacological targets able to resize disability by improving cognition, thus functioning and quality of life. A systematic review was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. All studies measuring the direct impact of kynurenine metabolites on cognitive performances in living individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were included in the review. Six studies were included. The activation of the kynurenine pathway resulted associated with greater cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia and both elevations and reduction of metabolites seemed able to affect cognitive outcome. No modulating role of sex emerged. This systematic review provides evidence that the activation of the kynurenine pathway affects cognition in patients with schizophrenia and highlights this pathway as a possible future target for developing novel drugs toward this still unmet clinical need. However, evidence is still limited and future studies are needed to further clarify the relationship between kynurenine pathway and cognition in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie Medicine School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stefano Comai
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Marta Bosia
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Al-Sibani N, Chan MF, Al-Huseini S, Al Kharusi N, Guillemin GJ, Al-Abri M, Ganesh A, Al Hasani Y, Al-Adawi S. Exploring Hikikomori-like idiom of distress a year into the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Oman: Factorial validity of the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire, prevalence and associated factors. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279612. [PMID: 37549148 PMCID: PMC10406187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing literature that examines the Hikikomori-like idiom of distress (HLID) initially labelled this phenomenon as a culture-bound syndrome. However, the increasing number of reports from other parts of the world suggest that HLID could instead be a culture-reactive idiom of distress, originating from biopsychosocial disequilibrium and cultural upheaval. The impact of imposed social withdrawal due to the Coronavirus 2 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic on the growing prevalence of HLID has not yet been adequately explored. Aims: The first objective is to examine the factorial validity of the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25) in Oman. Second, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of HLID following the lifting of SARS-COV-2 restrictions in the Arabian Gulf country of Oman. The third related objective is to examine factors associated with the variation of HLID. METHODS This cross-sectional online survey was widely distributed across the diverse socio-demographic population residing in Oman. After the validation of the questionnaire and the factorial validity, the Arabic version of HQ-25 was used to explore the prevalence and factors associated with HLID. RESULTS A total of 1529 participants were included in the study (response rate = 76.5%), of whom 44% (n = 673) expressed HLID. We randomly split it into half, one for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (n = 764) and the other half for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 765). From the EFA results, a three-factor model was found for the Omani version of HQ-25, which represented 52.87% of the variance with good internal reliability (Overall Cronbach's: 0.92; Socialisation: 0.92; Isolation: 0.84; Emotional support: 0.73). The CFA results report acceptable goodness-of-fit indices (χ2/df = 17.92, p < .001; CFI = 0.90; TLI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.04, 95% CI 0.02-0.07; SRMR = 0.05) of the three-factor model of the collected samples. All 1529 data were used in the respondents. The results of the logistic regression showed that married marital status (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.12-2.03, p = 0.007), older age (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95-0.99, p = 0.008), living in an urban area (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56-0.91, p = 0.006), unemployed occupational status (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.30-2.88, p < .001), screen time (7+ hours vs. <4 hours: OR = 4.50, 95% CI: 3.16-6.41, p < .001; 4-7 hours vs. <4 hours: OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.61-2.70, p < .001), history of mental illness (OR = 3.70, 95% CI: 2.29-5.91, p < .001), and adverse childhood experiences (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 2.03-3.20, p < .001) were significant risk factors for HLID. CONCLUSION The factorial validity of the HQ-25 performed in this study appears to mirror the previously reported 3-factor structures. Some of the associated factors appear to support and, conversely, dissent from the findings of previous studies. These are discussed in terms of the attributions of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic, demographic trends in Oman, and sociocultural factors specific to the region of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Al-Sibani
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Moon Fai Chan
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Salim Al-Huseini
- Department of Psychiatry, Al Masarrah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Nutaila Al Kharusi
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohammed Al-Abri
- Clinical Physiology, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Aishwarya Ganesh
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Yousuf Al Hasani
- Organizational Development & Education, Curative Services, Directorate General of Medical Services, Muscat, Oman
| | - Samir Al-Adawi
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
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Cysique LA, Jakabek D, Bracken SG, Allen‐Davidian Y, Heng B, Chow S, Dehhaghi M, Staats Pires A, Darley DR, Byrne A, Phetsouphanh C, Kelleher A, Dore GJ, Matthews GV, Guillemin GJ, Brew BJ. The kynurenine pathway relates to post-acute COVID-19 objective cognitive impairment and PASC. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:1338-1352. [PMID: 37318955 PMCID: PMC10424655 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and natural history of post-acute COVID-19 objective cognitive impairment and function, and their relationship to demographic, clinical factors, post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), and biomarkers. METHODS A total of 128 post-acute COVID-19 patients (age = 46 ± 15; 42% women, acute disease severity: not hospitalized: 38.6% mild: 0-1 symptoms, 52% 2+ symptoms; 9.4% hospitalized) completed standard cognition, olfaction, and mental health examinations 2-, 4-, and 12-month post diagnosis. Over the same time frame, WHO-defined PASC was determined. Blood cytokines, peripheral neurobiomarkers, and kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites were measured. Objective cognitive function was demographically/practice corrected, and impairment prevalence was determined using the evidence-based Global Deficit Score method to detect at least mild cognitive impairment (GDS > 0.5). Linear mixed effect regression models with time effect (month post diagnosis) evaluated the relationships to cognition. RESULTS Across the 12-month study period, mild to moderate cognitive impairment ranged from 16% to 26%, and 46.5% were impaired at least once. Impairment associated with poorer work capacity (p < 0.05), and 2-month objectively tested anosmia (p < 0.05). PASC with (p = 0.01) and without disability (p < 0.03) associated with acute COVID-19 severity. KP measures showed prolonged activation (2 to 8 months) (p < 0.0001) linked to IFN-beta in those with PASC. Of the blood analytes, only the KP metabolites (elevated quinolinic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, kynurenine, the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio) associated (p < 0.001) with poorer cognitive performance and greater likelihood of impairment. PASC, independent of disability associated with abnormal kynurenine/tryptophan (p < 0.03). INTERPRETATION The kynurenine pathway relates to post-acute COVID-19 objective cognitive impairment and PASC, thereby enabling biomarker and therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucette A. Cysique
- Peter Duncan Neuroscience Research UnitSt. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
- School of PsychologyUNSWSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David Jakabek
- Neurology DepartmentSt. Vincent's HospitalDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Yasmin Allen‐Davidian
- Peter Duncan Neuroscience Research UnitSt. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
- School of PsychologyMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Macquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- PANDIS.orgSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sharron Chow
- Macquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mona Dehhaghi
- Macquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- PANDIS.orgSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - David R. Darley
- Faculty of MedicineUNSWSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Respiratory Medicine DepartmentSt. Vincent's HospitalDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Anthony Byrne
- Faculty of MedicineUNSWSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Respiratory Medicine DepartmentSt. Vincent's HospitalDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Anthony Kelleher
- Kirby InstituteUNSWSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Infectious Disease and Immunology DepartmentSt. Vincent's HospitalDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Gregory J. Dore
- Kirby InstituteUNSWSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Infectious Disease and Immunology DepartmentSt. Vincent's HospitalDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Gail V. Matthews
- Kirby InstituteUNSWSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Infectious Disease and Immunology DepartmentSt. Vincent's HospitalDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Macquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- PANDIS.orgSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Bruce J. Brew
- Peter Duncan Neuroscience Research UnitSt. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
- Neurology DepartmentSt. Vincent's HospitalDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineUNSWSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Girithar HN, Staats Pires A, Ahn SB, Guillemin GJ, Gluch L, Heng B. Involvement of the kynurenine pathway in breast cancer: updates on clinical research and trials. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:185-203. [PMID: 37041200 PMCID: PMC10338682 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BrCa) is the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality in women worldwide. While BrCa treatment has been shown to be highly successful if detected at an early stage, there are few effective strategies to treat metastatic tumours. Hence, metastasis remains the main cause in most of BrCa deaths, highlighting the need for new approaches in this group of patients. Immunotherapy has been gaining attention as a new treatment for BrCa metastasis and the kynurenine pathway (KP) has been suggested as one of the potential targets. The KP is the major biochemical pathway in tryptophan (TRP) metabolism, catabolising TRP to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The KP has been reported to be elevated under inflammatory conditions such as cancers and that its activity suppresses immune surveillance. Dysregulation of the KP has previously been reported implicated in BrCa. This review aims to discuss and provide an update on the current mechanisms involved in KP-mediated immune suppression and cancer growth. Furthermore, we also provide a summary on 58 studies about the involvement of the KP and BrCa and five clinical trials targeting KP enzymes and their outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemaasri-Neya Girithar
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ananda Staats Pires
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Seong Beom Ahn
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurence Gluch
- The Strathfield Breast Centre, Strathfield, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Dehhaghi M, Heng B, Guillemin GJ. The kynurenine pathway in traumatic brain injuries and concussion. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1210453. [PMID: 37360356 PMCID: PMC10289013 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1210453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 10 million people per annum experience traumatic brain injury (TBI), 80-90% of which are categorized as mild. A hit to the brain can cause TBI, which can lead to secondary brain injuries within minutes to weeks after the initial injury through unknown mechanisms. However, it is assumed that neurochemical changes due to inflammation, excitotoxicity, reactive oxygen species, etc., that are triggered by TBI are associated with the emergence of secondary brain injuries. The kynurenine pathway (KP) is an important pathway that gets significantly overactivated during inflammation. Some KP metabolites such as QUIN have neurotoxic effects suggesting a possible mechanism through which TBI can cause secondary brain injury. That said, this review scrutinizes the potential association between KP and TBI. A more detailed understanding of the changes in KP metabolites during TBI is essential to prevent the onset or at least attenuate the severity of secondary brain injuries. Moreover, this information is crucial for the development of biomarker/s to probe the severity of TBI and predict the risk of secondary brain injuries. Overall, this review tries to fill the knowledge gap about the role of the KP in TBI and highlights the areas that need to be studied.
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Braidy N, Brew BJ, Inestrosa NC, Chung R, Sachdev P, Guillemin GJ. Retraction Note to: Changes in Cathepsin D and Beclin-1 mRNA and protein expression by the excitotoxin quinolinic acid in human astrocytes and neurons. Metab Brain Dis 2023:10.1007/s11011-023-01241-3. [PMID: 37273082 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bruce J Brew
- Peter Duncan Neuroscience Unit, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centro de Envejecimiento Y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biologìa Celular Y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roger Chung
- Neuro Pharmacology Group, MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, Balaclava Rd, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2013, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuro Pharmacology Group, MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, Balaclava Rd, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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Panahi HKS, Dehhaghi M, Amiri H, Guillemin GJ, Gupta VK, Rajaei A, Yang Y, Peng W, Pan J, Aghbashlo M, Tabatabaei M. Current and emerging applications of saccharide-modified chitosan: a critical review. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 66:108172. [PMID: 37169103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, as the main component of the exoskeleton of Arthropoda, is a highly available natural polymer that can be processed into various value-added products. Its most important derivative, i.e., chitosan, comprising β-1,4-linked 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-d-glucose (deacetylated d-glucosamine) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine units, can be prepared via alkaline deacetylation process. Chitosan has been used as a biodegradable, biocompatible, non-antigenic, and nontoxic polymer in some in-vitro applications, but the recently found potentials of chitosan for in-vivo applications based on its biological activities, especially antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, have upgraded the chitosan roles in biomaterials. Chitosan approval, generally recognized as a safe compound by the United States Food and Drug Administration, has attracted much attention toward its possible applications in diverse fields, especially biomedicine and agriculture. Even with some favorable characteristics, the chitosan's structure should be customized for advanced applications, especially due to its drawbacks, such as low drug-load capacity, low solubility, high viscosity, lack of elastic properties, and pH sensitivity. In this context, derivatization with relatively inexpensive and highly available mono- and di-saccharides to soluble branched chitosan has been considered a "game changer". This review critically reviews the emerging technologies based on the synthesis and application of lactose- and galactose-modified chitosan as two important chitosan derivatives. Some characteristics of chitosan derivatives and biological activities have been detailed first to understand the value of these natural polymers. Second, the saccharide modification of chitosan has been discussed briefly. Finally, the applications of lactose- and galactose-modified chitosan have been scrutinized and compared to native chitosan to provide an insight into the current state-of-the research for stimulating new ideas with the potential of filling research gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kazemi Shariat Panahi
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Mona Dehhaghi
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Hamid Amiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran; Environmental Research Institute, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Ahmad Rajaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Yadong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Junting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, India.
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11
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Eichwald T, da Silva LDB, Staats Pires AC, Niero L, Schnorrenberger E, Filho CC, Espíndola G, Huang WL, Guillemin GJ, Abdenur JE, Latini A. Tetrahydrobiopterin: Beyond Its Traditional Role as a Cofactor. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1037. [PMID: 37237903 PMCID: PMC10215290 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an endogenous cofactor for some enzymatic conversions of essential biomolecules, including nitric oxide, and monoamine neurotransmitters, and for the metabolism of phenylalanine and lipid esters. Over the last decade, BH4 metabolism has emerged as a promising metabolic target for negatively modulating toxic pathways that may result in cell death. Strong preclinical evidence has shown that BH4 metabolism has multiple biological roles beyond its traditional cofactor activity. We have shown that BH4 supports essential pathways, e.g., to generate energy, to enhance the antioxidant resistance of cells against stressful conditions, and to protect from sustained inflammation, among others. Therefore, BH4 should not be understood solely as an enzyme cofactor, but should instead be depicted as a cytoprotective pathway that is finely regulated by the interaction of three different metabolic pathways, thus assuring specific intracellular concentrations. Here, we bring state-of-the-art information about the dependency of mitochondrial activity upon the availability of BH4, as well as the cytoprotective pathways that are enhanced after BH4 exposure. We also bring evidence about the potential use of BH4 as a new pharmacological option for diseases in which mitochondrial disfunction has been implicated, including chronic metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and primary mitochondriopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuany Eichwald
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo—LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-100, SC, Brazil; (T.E.); (L.N.); (C.C.F.); (G.E.)
- Laboratory for Energy Metabolism, Division of Metabolic Disorders, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA 92868, USA; (W.-L.H.); (J.E.A.)
| | - Lucila de Bortoli da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo—LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-100, SC, Brazil; (T.E.); (L.N.); (C.C.F.); (G.E.)
| | - Ananda Christina Staats Pires
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo—LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-100, SC, Brazil; (T.E.); (L.N.); (C.C.F.); (G.E.)
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Laís Niero
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo—LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-100, SC, Brazil; (T.E.); (L.N.); (C.C.F.); (G.E.)
| | - Erick Schnorrenberger
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo—LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-100, SC, Brazil; (T.E.); (L.N.); (C.C.F.); (G.E.)
| | - Clovis Colpani Filho
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo—LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-100, SC, Brazil; (T.E.); (L.N.); (C.C.F.); (G.E.)
| | - Gisele Espíndola
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo—LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-100, SC, Brazil; (T.E.); (L.N.); (C.C.F.); (G.E.)
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Wei-Lin Huang
- Laboratory for Energy Metabolism, Division of Metabolic Disorders, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA 92868, USA; (W.-L.H.); (J.E.A.)
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - José E. Abdenur
- Laboratory for Energy Metabolism, Division of Metabolic Disorders, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA 92868, USA; (W.-L.H.); (J.E.A.)
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo—LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-100, SC, Brazil; (T.E.); (L.N.); (C.C.F.); (G.E.)
- Laboratory for Energy Metabolism, Division of Metabolic Disorders, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA 92868, USA; (W.-L.H.); (J.E.A.)
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12
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Yan J, Kothur K, Mohammad S, Chung J, Patel S, Jones HF, Keating BA, Han VX, Webster R, Ardern-Holmes S, Antony J, Menezes MP, Tantsis E, Gill D, Gupta S, Kandula T, Sampaio H, Farrar MA, Troedson C, Andrews PI, Pillai SC, Heng B, Guillemin GJ, Guller A, Bandodkar S, Dale RC. CSF neopterin, quinolinic acid and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio are biomarkers of active neuroinflammation. EBioMedicine 2023; 91:104589. [PMID: 37119734 PMCID: PMC10165192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defining the presence of acute and chronic brain inflammation remains a challenge to clinicians due to the heterogeneity of clinical presentations and aetiologies. However, defining the presence of neuroinflammation, and monitoring the effects of therapy is important given its reversible and potentially damaging nature. We investigated the utility of CSF metabolites in the diagnosis of primary neuroinflammatory disorders such as encephalitis and explored the potential pathogenic role of inflammation in epilepsy. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from 341 paediatric patients (169 males, median age 5.8 years, range 0.1-17.1) were examined. The patients were separated into a primary inflammatory disorder group (n = 90) and epilepsy group (n = 80), who were compared with three control groups including neurogenetic and structural (n = 76), neurodevelopmental disorders, psychiatric and functional neurological disorders (n = 63), and headache (n = 32). FINDINGS There were statistically significant increases of CSF neopterin, kynurenine, quinolinic acid and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KYN/TRP) in the inflammation group compared to all control groups (all p < 0.0003). As biomarkers, at thresholds with 95% specificity, CSF neopterin had the best sensitivity for defining neuroinflammation (82%, CI 73-89), then quinolinic acid (57%, CI 47-67), KYN/TRP ratio (47%, CI 36-56) and kynurenine (37%, CI 28-48). CSF pleocytosis had sensitivity of 53%, CI 42-64). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) of CSF neopterin (94.4% CI 91.0-97.7%) was superior to that of CSF pleocytosis (84.9% CI 79.5-90.4%) (p = 0.005). CSF kynurenic acid/kynurenine ratio (KYNA/KYN) was statistically decreased in the epilepsy group compared to all control groups (all p ≤ 0.0003), which was evident in most epilepsy subgroups. INTERPRETATION Here we show that CSF neopterin, kynurenine, quinolinic acid and KYN/TRP are useful diagnostic and monitoring biomarkers of neuroinflammation. These findings provide biological insights into the role of inflammatory metabolism in neurological disorders and provide diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for improved management of neurological diseases. FUNDING Financial support for the study was granted by Dale NHMRC Investigator grant APP1193648, University of Sydney, Petre Foundation, Cerebral Palsy Alliance and Department of Biochemistry at the Children's Hospital at Westmead. Prof Guillemin is funded by NHMRC Investigator grant APP 1176660 and Macquarie University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Yan
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Biochemistry, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kavitha Kothur
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Shekeeb Mohammad
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shrujna Patel
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hannah F Jones
- Starship Hospital, Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brooke A Keating
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Velda X Han
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard Webster
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Simone Ardern-Holmes
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jayne Antony
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Manoj P Menezes
- Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Esther Tantsis
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Deepak Gill
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Sachin Gupta
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Tejaswi Kandula
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hugo Sampaio
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle A Farrar
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Troedson
- Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - P Ian Andrews
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sekhar C Pillai
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Guller
- Computational NeuroSurgery Lab, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sushil Bandodkar
- Department of Biochemistry, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell C Dale
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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13
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Abou Chahla MN, Khalil MI, Comai S, Brundin L, Erhardt S, Guillemin GJ. Biological Factors Underpinning Suicidal Behaviour: An Update. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030505. [PMID: 36979315 PMCID: PMC10046421 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide, a global health burden, represents the 17th leading cause of death worldwide (1.3%), but the 4th among young people aged between 15 and 29 years of age, according to World Health Organization (WHO), 2019. Suicidal behaviour is a complex, multi-factorial, polygenic and independent mental health problem caused by a combination of alterations and dysfunctions of several biological pathways and disruption of normal mechanisms in brain regions that remain poorly understood and need further investigation to be deciphered. Suicide complexity and unpredictability gained international interest as a field of research. Several studies have been conducted at the neuropathological, inflammatory, genetic, and molecular levels to uncover the triggers behind suicidal behaviour and develop convenient and effective therapeutic or at least preventive procedures. This review aims to summarise and focus on current knowledge of diverse biological pathways involved in the neurobiology of suicidal behaviour, and briefly highlights future potential therapeutic pathways to prevent or even treat this significant public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya N. Abou Chahla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
- Correspondence: (M.N.A.C.); (G.J.G.); Tel.: +961-70609487 (M.N.A.C.); +61-(02)-9850-2727 (G.J.G.)
| | - Mahmoud I. Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
- Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt
| | - Stefano Comai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A1A1, Canada
| | - Lena Brundin
- Division of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Sophie Erhardt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.N.A.C.); (G.J.G.); Tel.: +961-70609487 (M.N.A.C.); +61-(02)-9850-2727 (G.J.G.)
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14
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Flora GK, Anderton RS, Meloni BP, Guillemin GJ, Knuckey NW, MacDougall G, Matthews V, Boulos S. Corrigendum to "Microglia are both a source and target of extracellular cyclophilin A" [Heliyon 5(9) August 2019 e02390]. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12842. [PMID: 36937030 PMCID: PMC10014428 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02390.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurkiran Kaur Flora
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (Perron Institute), University of Western Australia, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Corresponding author. Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Ryan S. Anderton
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (Perron Institute), University of Western Australia, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Institute for Health Research, Fremantle, University of Notre Dame Australia, Australia
| | - Bruno P. Meloni
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (Perron Institute), University of Western Australia, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2 Technology Place, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neville W. Knuckey
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (Perron Institute), University of Western Australia, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gabriella MacDougall
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Institute for Health Research, Fremantle, University of Notre Dame Australia, Australia
| | - Vance Matthews
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sherif Boulos
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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15
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Costa MR, Dos Santos AYI, de Miranda TB, Aires R, de Camargo Coque A, Hurtado ECP, Bernardi MM, Pecorari VGA, Andia DC, Birbrair A, Guillemin GJ, Latini A, da Silva RA. Impact of neuroinflammation on epigenetic transcriptional control of Sonic Hedgehog members in the central nervous system. Brain Res 2023; 1799:148180. [PMID: 36463954 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling plays a critical role during central nervous system (CNS) development, and its dysregulation leads to neurological disorders. Nevertheless, little is known about Shh signaling regulation in the adult brain. Here, we investigated the contribution of DNA methylation on the transcriptional control of Shh signaling pathway members and its basal distribution impact on the brain, as well as its modulation by inflammation. The methylation status of the promoter regions of these members and the transcriptional profile of DNA-modifying enzymes (DNA Methyltransferases - DNMTs and Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase - TETs) were investigated in a murine model of neuroinflammation by qPCR. We showed that, in the adult brain, methylation in the CpG promoter regions of the Shh signaling pathway members was critical to determine the endogenous differential transcriptional pattern observed between distinct brain regions. We also found that neuroinflammation differentially modulates gene expression of DNA-modifying enzymes. This study reveals the basal transcriptional profile of DNMTs and TETs enzymes in the CNS and demonstrates the effect of neuroinflammation on the transcriptional control of members of the Shh Signaling pathway in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rogério Aires
- Epigenetic Study Center and Gene Regulation - CEEpiRG, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo 04026-002, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex de Camargo Coque
- Epigenetic Study Center and Gene Regulation - CEEpiRG, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo 04026-002, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Cristina Perez Hurtado
- Epigenetic Study Center and Gene Regulation - CEEpiRG, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo 04026-002, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria Martha Bernardi
- Epigenetic Study Center and Gene Regulation - CEEpiRG, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo 04026-002, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Carleto Andia
- School of Dentistry, Health Science Institute, Paulista University, São Paulo 04026-002, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Bioenergetics and Oxidative Stress Lab - LABOX, Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A da Silva
- School of Dentistry, University of Taubaté, 12020-3400 Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil; Epigenetic Study Center and Gene Regulation - CEEpiRG, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo 04026-002, São Paulo, Brazil.
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16
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Nicolas M, Lasalo M, Chow S, Antheaume C, Huet K, Hnawia E, Guillemin GJ, Nour M, Matsui M. Anti-inflammatory activities of Coleus forsteri (formerly Plectranthus forsteri) extracts on human macrophages and chemical characterization. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1081310. [PMID: 36699063 PMCID: PMC9868419 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1081310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Formerly named Plectranthus forsteri, Coleus forsteri (Benth.) A.J.Paton, 2019 is a Lamiaceae traditionally used to treat flu-like symptoms and shock-related ecchymosis, especially in the Pacific region. Few studies investigated chemical composition and anti-inflammatory potential of this plant. Method: Herein, we investigated anti-inflammatory potential of C. forsteri ethanolic (ePE) and cyclohexane (cPE) plant extract on LPS-induced human macrophages models and quantified cytokines and quinolinic acid (QUIN) as inflammatory markers. Results: Our results show that extract of ePE and cPE significantly inhibit inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and TNF-α induced by LPS on PMA-derived THP-1 macrophages. QUIN production is also diminished under ePE and cPE treatment in activated human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Seven abietane diterpenes were characterized from C. forsteri cPE including coleon U (1), coleon U-quinone (2), 8α,9α-epoxycoleon U-quinone (3), horminone or 7α-hydroxyroyleanone (4), 6β,7α-dihydroxyroyleanone (5), 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone (6) and 7α-formyloxy-6β-hydroxyroyleanone (7). Discussion: We discussed potential contributions of these molecules from C. forsteri extracts for their anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mael Nicolas
- Département de Chimie, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Malia Lasalo
- Group Bioactivities of Natural compounds and derivatives (BIONA), Formerly Group Immunity and Inflammation (GIMIN), Institut Pasteur of New Caledonia, Member of the Pasteur Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Sharron Chow
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cyril Antheaume
- Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Karl Huet
- Group Bioactivities of Natural compounds and derivatives (BIONA), Formerly Group Immunity and Inflammation (GIMIN), Institut Pasteur of New Caledonia, Member of the Pasteur Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Edouard Hnawia
- PHARMADEV, UMR152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Noumea Center, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed Nour
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliqués (ISEA), EA7484, Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Mariko Matsui
- Group Bioactivities of Natural compounds and derivatives (BIONA), Formerly Group Immunity and Inflammation (GIMIN), Institut Pasteur of New Caledonia, Member of the Pasteur Network, Noumea, New Caledonia,Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliqués (ISEA), EA7484, Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea, New Caledonia,*Correspondence: Mariko Matsui,
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17
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Prema A, Justin Thenmozhi A, Manivasagam T, Mohamed Essa M, Guillemin GJ. Erratum to: Fenugreek Seed Powder Attenuated Aluminum Chloride-Induced Tau Pathology, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1851-1852. [PMID: 36442226 DOI: 10.3233/jad-229017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Jusof FF, Lim CK, Aziz FN, Soe HJ, Raju CS, Sekaran SD, Guillemin GJ. The Cytokines CXCL10 and CCL2 and the Kynurenine Metabolite Anthranilic Acid Accurately Predict Patients at Risk of Developing Dengue With Warning Signs. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1964-1973. [PMID: 35767283 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resolution or aggravation of dengue infection depends on the patient's immune response during the critical phase. Cytokines released by immune cells increase with the worsening severity of dengue infections. Cytokines activate the kynurenine pathway (KP) and the extent of KP activation then influences disease severity. METHODS KP metabolites and cytokines in plasma samples of patients with dengue infection (dengue without warning signs [DWS-], dengue with warning signs [DWS+], or severe dengue) were analyzed. Cytokines (interferon gamma [IFN-ɣ], tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6, CXCL10/interferon-inducile protein 10 [IP-10], interleukin 18 [IL-18], CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], and CCL4/macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta [MIP-1β] were assessed by a Human Luminex Screening Assay, while KP metabolites (tryptophan, kynurenine, anthranilic acid [AA], picolinic acid, and quinolinic acid) were assessed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry [GCMS] assays. RESULTS Patients with DWS+ had increased activation of the KP where kynurenine-tryptophan ratio, anthranilic acid, and picolinic acid were elevated. These patients also had higher levels of the cytokines IFN-ɣ, CXCL10, CCL4, and IL-18 than those with DWS-. Further receiver operating characteristic analysis identified 3 prognostic biomarker candidates, CXCL10, CCL2, and AA, which predicted patients with higher risks of developing DWS+ with an accuracy of 97%. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest a unique biochemical signature in patients with DWS+. CXCL10 and CCL2 together with AA are potential prognostic biomarkers that discern patients with higher risk of developing DWS+ at earlier stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicita Fedelis Jusof
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chai K Lim
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fazidatul Nadhirah Aziz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui Jen Soe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chandramathi Samudi Raju
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamala Devi Sekaran
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, UCSI University Springhill Campus, Bandar Springhill, Port Dickson, Negri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Motor Neurone Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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19
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Kazemi Shariat Panahi H, Dehhaghi M, Lam SS, Peng W, Aghbashlo M, Tabatabaei M, Guillemin GJ. Oncolytic viruses as a promising therapeutic strategy against the detrimental health impacts of air pollution: The case of glioblastoma multiforme. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1122-1142. [PMID: 34004331 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Human livelihood highly depends on applying different sources of energy whose utilization is associated with air pollution. On the other hand, air pollution may be associated with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) development. Unlike other environmental causes of cancer (e.g., irradiation), air pollution cannot efficiently be controlled by geographical borders, regulations, and policies. The unavoidable exposure to air pollution can modify cancer incidence and mortality. GBM treatment with chemotherapy or even its surgical removal has proven insufficient (100% recurrence rate; patient's survival mean of 15 months; 90% fatality within five years) due to glioma infiltrative and migratory capacities. Given the barrage of attention and research investments currently plowed into next-generation cancer therapy, oncolytic viruses are perhaps the most vigorously pursued. Provision of an insight into the current state of the research and future direction is essential for stimulating new ideas with the potentials of filling research gaps. This review manuscript aims to overview types of brain cancer, their burden, and different causative agents. It also describes why air pollution is becoming a concerning factor. The different opinions on the association of air pollution with brain cancer are reviewed. It tries to address the significant controversy in this field by hypothesizing the air-pollution-brain-cancer association via inflammation and atopic conditions. The last section of this review deals with the oncolytic viruses, which have been used in, or are still under clinical trials for GBM treatment. Engineered adenoviruses (i.e., DNX-2401, DNX-2440, CRAd8-S-pk7 loaded Neural stem cells), herpes simplex virus type 1 (i.e., HSV-1 C134, HSV-1 rQNestin34.5v.2, HSV-1 G207, HSV-1 M032), measles virus (i.e., MV-CEA), parvovirus (i.e., ParvOryx), poliovirus (i.e., Poliovirus PVSRIPO), reovirus (i.e., pelareorep), moloney murine leukemia virus (i.e., Toca 511 vector), and vaccinia virus (i.e., vaccinia virus TG6002) as possible life-changing alleviations for GBM have been discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first review that comprehensively discusses both (i) the negative/positive association of air pollution with GBM; and (ii) the application of oncolytic viruses for GBM, including the most recent advances and clinical trials. It is also the first review that addresses the controversies over air pollution and brain cancer association. We believe that the article will significantly appeal to a broad readership of virologists, oncologists, neurologists, environmentalists, and those who work in the field of (bio)energy. Policymakers may also use it to establish better health policies and regulations about air pollution and (bio)fuels exploration, production, and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kazemi Shariat Panahi
- Henan Province Forest Resources Sustainable Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Mona Dehhaghi
- Henan Province Forest Resources Sustainable Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia; PANDIS.Org, Australia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Henan Province Forest Resources Sustainable Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Forest Resources Sustainable Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Henan Province Forest Resources Sustainable Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Henan Province Forest Resources Sustainable Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Terengganu, Malaysia; Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia; PANDIS.Org, Australia.
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20
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Badawy AAB, Guillemin GJ. Species Differences in Tryptophan Metabolism and Disposition. Int J Tryptophan Res 2022; 15:11786469221122511. [PMID: 36325027 PMCID: PMC9620070 DOI: 10.1177/11786469221122511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Major species differences in tryptophan (Trp) metabolism and disposition exist
with important physiological, functional and toxicity implications. Unlike
mammalian and other species in which plasma Trp exists largely bound to albumin,
teleosts and other aquatic species possess little or no albumin, such that Trp
entry into their tissues is not hampered, neither is that of environmental
chemicals and toxins, hence the need for strict measures to safeguard their
aquatic environments. In species sensitive to toxicity of excess Trp, hepatic
Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) lacks the free apoenzyme and its glucocorticoid
induction mechanism. These species, which are largely herbivorous, however,
dispose of Trp more rapidly and their TDO is activated by smaller doses of Trp
than Trp-tolerant species. In general, sensitive species may possess a higher
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity which equips them to resist immune
insults up to a point. Of the enzymes of the kynurenine pathway beyond TDO and
IDO, 2-amino-3-carboxymuconic acid-6-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD)
determines the extent of progress of the pathway towards NAD+
synthesis and its activity varies across species, with the domestic cat
(Felis catus) being the leading species possessing the
highest activity, hence its inability to utilise Trp for NAD+
synthesis. The paucity of current knowledge of Trp metabolism and disposition in
wild carnivores, invertebrates and many other animal species described here
underscores the need for further studies of the physiology of these species and
its interaction with Trp metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla A-B Badawy
- Formerly School of Health Sciences,
Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, UK,Abdulla A-B Badawy, Formerly School of
Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Western Avenue, Cardiff,
Wales, CF5 2YB, UK.
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, MND Research
Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
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21
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Pires AS, Gupta S, Barton SA, Vander Wall R, Tan V, Heng B, Phillips JK, Guillemin GJ. Temporal Profile of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites in a Rodent Model of Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease. Int J Tryptophan Res 2022; 15:11786469221126063. [PMID: 36329761 PMCID: PMC9623391 DOI: 10.1177/11786469221126063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is an early onset genetic disorder characterized by numerous renal cysts resulting in end stage renal disease. Our study aimed to determine if metabolic reprogramming and tryptophan (Trp) metabolism via the kynurenine pathway (KP) is a critical dysregulated pathway in PKD. Using the Lewis polycystic kidney (LPK) rat model of PKD and Lewis controls, we profiled temporal trends for KP metabolites in plasma, urine, and kidney tissues from 6- and 12-week-old mixed sex animals using liquid and gas chromatography, minimum n = 5 per cohort. A greater kynurenine (KYN) concentration was observed in LPK kidney and plasma of 12-week rats compared to age matched Lewis controls (P ⩽ .05). LPK kidneys also showed an age effect (P ⩽ .05) with KYN being greater in 12-week versus 6-week LPK. The metabolites xanthurenic acid (XA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) were significantly greater in the plasma of 12-week LPK rats compared to age matched Lewis controls (P ⩽ .05). Plasma XA and 3-HK also showed an age effect (P ⩽ .05) being greater in 12-week versus 6-week LPK. We further describe a decrease in Trp levels in LPK plasma and kidney (strain effect P ⩽ .05). There were no differences in KP metabolites in urine between cohorts. Using the ratio of product and substrates in the KP, a significant age-strain effect (P ⩽ .05) was observed in the activity of the KYN/Trp ratio (tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase [TDO] or indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase [IDO] activity), kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), KAT A (kynurenine aminotransferase A), KAT B, total KAT, total KYNU (kynureninase), KYNU A, KYNU B, and total KYNU within LPK kidneys, supporting an activated KP. Confirmation of the activation of these enzymes will require verification through orthogonal techniques. In conclusion, we have demonstrated an up-regulation of the KP in alignment with progression of renal impairment in the LPK rat model, suggesting that KP activation may be a critical contributor to the pathobiology of PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Staats Pires
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie
Medical School, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine,
Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse
Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade
Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil
| | - Shabarni Gupta
- Autonomic and Sensory Neuroscience
Group, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences,
Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean A Barton
- Autonomic and Sensory Neuroscience
Group, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences,
Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roshana Vander Wall
- Autonomic and Sensory Neuroscience
Group, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences,
Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vanessa Tan
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie
Medical School, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine,
Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie
Medical School, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine,
Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacqueline K Phillips
- Autonomic and Sensory Neuroscience
Group, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences,
Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Jacqueline K Phillips, Autonomic and
Sensory Neuroscience Group, Macquarie Medical School,Department of Biomedical
Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University,
Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie
Medical School, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine,
Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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22
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Yan J, Kothur K, Innes EA, Han VX, Jones HF, Patel S, Tsang E, Webster R, Gupta S, Troedson C, Menezes MP, Antony J, Ardern-Holmes S, Tantsis E, Mohammad S, Wienholt L, Pires AS, Heng B, Guillemin GJ, Guller A, Gill D, Bandodkar S, Dale RC. Decreased cerebrospinal fluid kynurenic acid in epileptic spasms: A biomarker of response to corticosteroids. EBioMedicine 2022; 84:104280. [PMID: 36174397 PMCID: PMC9515432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epileptic (previously infantile) spasms is the most common epileptic encephalopathy occurring during infancy and is frequently associated with abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes. Epileptic spasms have a diverse range of known (genetic, structural) and unknown aetiologies. High dose corticosteroid treatment for 4 weeks often induces remission of spasms, although the mechanism of action of corticosteroid is unclear. Animal models of epileptic spasms have shown decreased brain kynurenic acid, which is increased after treatment with the ketogenic diet. We quantified kynurenine pathway metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of infants with epileptic spasms and explored clinical correlations. Methods A panel of nine metabolites in the kynurenine pathway (tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, xanthurenic acid, anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, quinolinic acid, and picolinic acid) were measured using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). CSF collected from paediatric patients less than 3 years of age with epileptic spasms (n=34, 19 males, mean age 0.85, median 0.6, range 0.3–3 yrs) were compared with other epilepsy syndromes (n=26, 9 males, mean age 1.44, median 1.45, range 0.3–3 yrs), other non-inflammatory neurological diseases (OND) (n=29, 18 males, mean age 1.47, median 1.6, range 0.1–2.9 yrs) and inflammatory neurological controls (n=12, 4 males, mean age 1.80, median 1.80, range 0.8–2.5 yrs). Findings There was a statistically significant decrease of CSF kynurenic acid in patients with epileptic spasms compared to OND (p<0.0001). In addition, the kynurenic acid/kynurenine (KYNA/KYN) ratio was lower in the epileptic spasms subgroup compared to OND (p<0.0001). Epileptic spasms patients who were steroid responders or partial steroid responders had lower KYNA/KYN ratio compared to patients who were refractory to steroids (p<0.005, p<0.05 respectively). Interpretation This study demonstrates decreased CSF kynurenic acid and KYNA/KYN in epileptic spasms, which may also represent a biomarker for steroid responsiveness. Given the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties of kynurenic acid, further therapeutics able to increase kynurenic acid should be explored. Funding Financial support for the study was granted by Dale NHMRC Investigator grant APP1193648, Petre Foundation, Cerebral Palsy Alliance and Department of Biochemistry at the Children's Hospital at Westmead. Prof Guillemin is funded by NHMRC Investigator grant APP1176660 and Macquarie University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Yan
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Biochemistry, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kavitha Kothur
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily A Innes
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Velda X Han
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hannah F Jones
- Starship Hospital, Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shrujna Patel
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erica Tsang
- Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Webster
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sachin Gupta
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Troedson
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Manoj P Menezes
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jayne Antony
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simone Ardern-Holmes
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Esther Tantsis
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shekeeb Mohammad
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise Wienholt
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ananda S Pires
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Guller
- Computational NeuroSurgery Lab, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Deepak Gill
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sushil Bandodkar
- Department of Biochemistry, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell C Dale
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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23
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Sundaram G, Bessede A, Gilot D, Staats Pires A, Sherman LS, Brew BJ, Guillemin GJ. Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effect of Kynurenine for Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) Disease. Int J Tryptophan Res 2022; 15:11786469221118657. [PMID: 36004319 PMCID: PMC9393931 DOI: 10.1177/11786469221118657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The essential amino acid, tryptophan, is predominantly metabolised through the kynurenine pathway (KP) to generate kynurenine, an aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pro-ligand that exerts its effects in a ligand-dependent manner. Interaction between kynurenine and the AhR is an effector mechanism of immunosuppression. We previously found that the KP is involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression. We postulated that AhR activation by kynurenine might be neuroprotective by encouraging differentiation of Tregs. In this study, we assess both the prophylactic and therapeutic efficiency of kynurenine on disease severity and progression in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an MS model. Methods Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein induced EAE mice (n = 6 per group) were treated with 200 mg/kg L-kynurenine once daily for 10 days beginning on either day 1 of EAE induction (prophylactic) or once they demonstrated motor weakness (therapeutic). Clinical disease severity measured by disease score, time on rotarod, and body weight. Results The prophylactic kynurenine treatment significantly (P < .0001) prevented the development of a more severe disease course with mice demonstrating diminished relapse rate and improved clinical and behavioural outcomes. However, therapeutic kynurenine did not significantly (P = .4463) decrease the clinical signs until 36 days following induction of disease; after 36 days, it also significantly (P = .0479) reduced disease relapse. Mean body weight measurements only correlated with time on rotarod (r = -.6410; P = .0007) but not clinical scores (r = .1925; P = .3674). Conclusions Kynurenine ameliorates EAE disease progression prophylactically and reduces relapses therapeutically. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism explaining the therapeutic role of kynurenine for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Sundaram
- Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - David Gilot
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | - Ananda Staats Pires
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Larry S Sherman
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Bruce J Brew
- Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Liu J, Bailbé D, Raynal S, Carbonne C, Zhen D, Dairou J, Gausseres B, Armanet M, Domet T, Pitasi CL, Movassat J, Lim CK, Guillemin GJ, Autier V, Kergoat M, Portha B. Kynurenine-3-monooxygenase expression is activated in the pancreatic endocrine cells by diabetes and its blockade improves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166509. [PMID: 35914653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is associated with an inflammatory phenotype in the pancreatic islets. We previously demonstrated that proinflammatory cytokines potently activate the tryptophan/kynurenine pathway (TKP) in INS-1 cells and in normal rat islets. Here we examined: (1) the TKP enzymes expression in the diabetic GK islets; (2) the TKP enzymes expression profiles in the GK islets before and after the onset of diabetes; (3) The glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in vitro in GK islets after KMO knockdown using specific morpholino-oligonucleotides against KMO or KMO blockade using the specific inhibitor Ro618048; (4) The glucose tolerance and GSIS after acute in vivo exposure to Ro618048 in GK rats. We report a remarkable induction of the kmo gene in GK islets and in human islets exposed to proinflammatory conditions. It occurred prominently in beta cells. The increased expression and activity of KMO reflected an acquired adaptation. Both KMO knockdown and specific inhibitor Ro618048 enhanced GSIS in vitro in GK islets. Moreover, acute administration of Ro618048 in vivo improved glucose tolerance, GSIS and basal blood glucose levels in GK rats. These results demonstrate that targeting islet TKP is able to correct defective GSIS. KMO inhibition could represent a potential therapeutic strategy for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Liu
- Laboratoire B2PE (Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine), Unité BFA (Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptive), CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; MetaBrain Research, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Danielle Bailbé
- Laboratoire B2PE (Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine), Unité BFA (Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptive), CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Delong Zhen
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Julien Dairou
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Blandine Gausseres
- Laboratoire B2PE (Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine), Unité BFA (Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptive), CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Domet
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Caterina L Pitasi
- Laboratoire B2PE (Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine), Unité BFA (Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptive), CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Laboratoire B2PE (Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine), Unité BFA (Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptive), CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Chai K Lim
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie Medicine School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie Medicine School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Bernard Portha
- Laboratoire B2PE (Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine), Unité BFA (Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptive), CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France.
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25
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Kavyani B, Lidbury BA, Schloeffel R, Fisher PR, Missailidis D, Annesley SJ, Dehhaghi M, Heng B, Guillemin GJ. Could the kynurenine pathway be the key missing piece of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) complex puzzle? Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:412. [PMID: 35821534 PMCID: PMC9276562 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex and debilitating disease with a substantial social and economic impact on individuals and their community. Despite its importance and deteriorating impact, progresses in diagnosis and treatment of ME/CFS is limited. This is due to the unclear pathophysiology of the disease and consequently lack of prognostic biomarkers. To investigate pathophysiology of ME/CFS, several potential pathologic hallmarks have been investigated; however, these studies have failed to report a consistent result. These failures in introducing the underlying reason for ME/CFS have stimulated considering other possible contributing mechanisms such as tryptophan (TRP) metabolism and in particular kynurenine pathway (KP). KP plays a central role in cellular energy production through the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). In addition, this pathway has been shown to mediate immune response and neuroinflammation through its metabolites. This review, we will discuss the pathology and management of ME/CFS and provide evidence pertaining KP abnormalities and symptoms that are classic characteristics of ME/CFS. Targeting the KP regulation may provide innovative approaches to the management of ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Kavyani
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brett A Lidbury
- The National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, RSPH, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Richard Schloeffel
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,The Grove Health Pymble, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul R Fisher
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Missailidis
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah J Annesley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mona Dehhaghi
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. .,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. .,Pandis.org, Melbourne, Australia.
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Kazemi Shariat Panahi H, Dehhaghi M, Guillemin GJ, Gupta VK, Lam SS, Aghbashlo M, Tabatabaei M. A comprehensive review on anaerobic fungi applications in biofuels production. Sci Total Environ 2022; 829:154521. [PMID: 35292323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastigomycota) are promising lignocellulose-degrading microorganisms that can be exploited by the biofuel industry. While natural production of ethanol by these microorganisms is very low, there is a greater potential for their use in the biogas industry. More specifically, anaerobic fungi can contribute to biogas production by either releasing holocellulose or reducing sugars from lignocelluloses that can be used as a substrate by bacteria and methanogens involved in the anaerobic digestion (AD) process or by metabolizing acetate and formate that can be directly consumed by methanogens. Despite their great potential, the appropriate tools for engineering anaerobic fungi have not been established yet. The first section of this review justifies how the biofuel industry can benefit from using anaerobic fungi and is followed by their taxonomy. In the third section, the possibility of using anaerobic fungi for the consolidated production of bioethanol is briefly discussed. Nevertheless, the main focus of this review is on the upstream and mainstream effects of bioaugmentation with anaerobic fungi on the AD process. The present review also scrutinizes the constraints on the way of efficient engineering of anaerobic rumen fungi. By providing this knowledge, this review aims to help research in this field with identifying the challenges that must be addressed by future experiments to achieve the full potentials of these promising microorganisms. To sum up, the pretreatment of lignocelluloses by anaerobic fungi can prevent carbohydrate loss due to respiration (compared to white-rot fungi). Following fungal mixed acid fermentation, the obtained slurry containing sugars and more susceptible holocellulose can be directly consumed by AD microorganisms (bacteria, methanogens). The bioaugmentation of anaerobic fungi into the AD process can increase methane biosynthesis by >3.3 times. Despite this, for the commercial AD process, novel genetic engineering techniques and kits must be developed to efficiently improve anaerobic fungi viability throughout the AD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kazemi Shariat Panahi
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia; Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mona Dehhaghi
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia; Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Terengganu, Malaysia; PANDIS.org, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia; PANDIS.org, Australia
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Centre for Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran; Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Terengganu, Malaysia.
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Cespedes M, Jacobs KR, Maruff P, Rembach A, Fowler CJ, Trounson B, Pertile KK, Rumble RL, Rainey-Smithe SR, Rowe CC, Villemagne VL, Bourgeat P, Lim CK, Chatterjee P, Martins RN, Ittner A, Masters CL, Doecke JD, Guillemin GJ, Lovejoy DB. Systemic perturbations of the kynurenine pathway precede progression to dementia independently of amyloid-β. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Mahalakshmi AM, Paneyala S, Ray B, Essa MM, Dehhaghi M, Heng B, Guillemin GJ, Babu Chidambaram S. Alterations in Tryptophan Metabolism Affect Vascular Functions: Connected to Ageing Population Vulnerability to COVID-19 Infection? Int J Tryptophan Res 2022; 15:11786469221083946. [PMID: 35645571 PMCID: PMC9133873 DOI: 10.1177/11786469221083946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arehally M Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Bipul Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Visiting Professor, Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Pacific, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Mona Dehhaghi
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- PANDIS.org
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- PANDIS.org
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- PANDIS.org
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Yan J, Han VX, Heng B, Guillemin GJ, Bandodkar S, Dale RC. Development of a translational inflammation panel for the quantification of cerebrospinal fluid Pterin, Tryptophan-Kynurenine and Nitric oxide pathway metabolites. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103917. [PMID: 35279631 PMCID: PMC8914118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammatory diseases such as encephalitis, meningitis, multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases with inflammatory components, have demonstrated a need for diagnostic biomarkers to define treatable and reversible neuroinflammation. The development and clinical validation of a targeted translational inflammation panel using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) could provide early diagnosis, rapid treatment and insights into neuroinflammatory mechanisms. Methods An inflammation panel of 13 metabolites (neopterin, tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, xanthurenic acid, anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, quinolinic acid, picolinic acid, arginine, citrulline and methylhistamine) was measured based on a simple precipitation and filtration method using minimal CSF volume. The chromatographic separation was achieved using the Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column in combination with a gradient elution within a 12-min time frame. Acute encephalitis (n=10; myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein encephalitis n=3, anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate encephalitis n=2, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis n=2, herpes simplex encephalitis n=1, enteroviral encephalitis n=1) and frequency-matched non-inflammatory neurological disease controls (n=10) were examined. Findings The method exhibited good sensitivity as the limits of quantification ranged between 0.75 and 3.00 ng mL−1, good linearity (r2 > 0.99), acceptable matrix effects (<± 19.4%) and high recoveries (89.8-109.1 %). There were no interferences observed from common endogenous CSF metabolites, no carryover and concordance with well-established clinical methods. The accuracy and precision for all analytes were within tolerances, at <± 15 mean relative error and < 15 % coefficient of variation respectively. All analytes in matrix-matched pooled human CSF calibrators and human CSF extracts were stable for 24 h after extraction and two freeze-thaw cycles. Interpretation The method was successfully applied to a pilot study investigating acute brain inflammation case-control groups. Statistical discrimination between encephalitis (n=10) and control groups (n=10) was achieved using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and heatmap cluster analysis. Statistical analysis of the measured metabolites identified significant alterations of seven metabolites in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway (tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, quinolinic acid), arginine and neopterin in presence of acute neuroinflammation. Furthermore, elevated ratios of CSF kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, quinolinic acid/kynurenic acid and anthranilic acid/3-hydroxyanthranilic acid provided strong discriminative power for neuroinflammatory conditions. Studies of large groups of neurological diseases are required to explore the sensitivity and specificity of the inflammation panel. Funding Financial support for the study was granted by Dale NHMRC Investigator grant APP1193648, Petre Foundation, Cerebral Palsy Alliance and Department of Biochemistry at the Children's Hospital at Westmead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Yan
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Biochemistry, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Velda X Han
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Sushil Bandodkar
- Department of Biochemistry, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Russell C Dale
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Mándi Y, Stone TW, Guillemin GJ, Vécsei L, Williams RO. Editorial: Multiple Implications of the Kynurenine Pathway in Inflammatory Diseases: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:860867. [PMID: 35251052 PMCID: PMC8892578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.860867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Mándi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Yvette Mándi,
| | - Trevor W. Stone
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Richard O. Williams
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Al Saedi A, Chow S, Vogrin S, Guillemin GJ, Duque G. Association Between Tryptophan Metabolites, Physical Performance, and Frailty in Older Persons. Int J Tryptophan Res 2022; 15:11786469211069951. [PMID: 35125874 PMCID: PMC8808031 DOI: 10.1177/11786469211069951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is defined as a syndrome of physiological decline in late life, characterized by marked vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. A robust biomarker for frailty is still lacking. Tryptophan (TRP) metabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP) plays essential roles in aging, the musculoskeletal system, and physical performance. In this study, we quantified 7 KP metabolites, including kynurenine (KYN), kynurenine acid (KYNA), quinolinic acid (QUIN), picolinic acid (PIC), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA), and anthranilic acid (AA) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the serum of 85 participants (median age 75; 65% female; 28 non-frail, 29 pre-frail, and 28 frail) at the Nepean Osteoporosis and Frailty (NOF) Study. We looked at the association between TRP metabolites and physical performance, sarcopenia, and frailty. After adjusting for age and sex, our results showed that KYN and KYN/TRP were associated with higher interleukin (IL)-6 levels (r = .324 and r = .390, respectively). KYNA and its ratios to other products (mainly KYNA/KYN, KYNA/QUIN, and KYNA/PIC) were associated with a lower likelihood of frailty by Fried’s criteria (OR 0.93 [0.88, 0.98], P = .009) and Rockwood index (r = −.241, P = .028) as well as a lower likelihood of sarcopenia (OR 0.88 [0.78, 1.00], P = .049). QUIN and QUIN/KYN showed an association with increased IL-6 (r = .293 and .204 respectively), higher likelihood of frailty (OR 1.02 [1.00, 1.04], P = .029 and OR 6.43 [2.23, 18.51], P = .001 respectively) and lower physical function (r = −.205 and r = −.292). In conclusion, different TRP metabolites have various associations with physical performance, frailty, and sarcopenia. Defining the underlying mechanisms may permit the development and validation of new biomarkers and therapeutics for frailty and musculoskeletal conditions targeting specific metabolites of the TRP catabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Saedi
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience & Osteosarcopenia Research Program, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharron Chow
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience & Osteosarcopenia Research Program, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience & Osteosarcopenia Research Program, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
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Dehhaghi M, Panahi HKS, Kavyani B, Heng B, Tan V, Braidy N, Guillemin GJ. The Role of Kynurenine Pathway and NAD + Metabolism in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Aging Dis 2022; 13:698-711. [PMID: 35656104 PMCID: PMC9116917 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a serious, complex, and highly debilitating long-term illness. People with ME/CFS are typically unable to carry out their routine activities. Key hallmarks of the disease are neurological and gastrointestinal impairments accompanied by pervasive malaise that is exacerbated after physical and/or mental activity. Currently, there is no validated cure of biomarker signature for this illness. Impaired tryptophan (TRYP) metabolism is thought to play significant role in the pathobiology of ME/CFS. TRYP is an important precursor for serotonin and the essential pyridine nucleotide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). TRYP has been associated with the development of some parts of the brain responsible for behavioural functions. The main catabolic route for TRYP is the kynurenine pathway (KP). The KP produces NAD+ and several neuroactive metabolites with neuroprotective (i.e., kynurenic acid (KYNA)) and neurotoxic (i.e., quinolinic acid (QUIN)) activities. Hyperactivation of the KP, whether compensatory or a driving mechanism of degeneration can limit the availability of NAD+ and exacerbate the symptoms of ME/CFS. This review discusses the potential association of altered KP metabolism in ME/CFS. The review also evaluates the role of the patient’s gut microbiota on TRYP availability and KP activation. We propose that strategies aimed at raising the levels of NAD+ (e.g., using nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside) may be a promising intervention to overcome symptoms of fatigue and to improve the quality of life in patients with ME/CFS. Future clinical trials should further assess the potential benefits of NAD+ supplements for reducing some of the clinical features of ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dehhaghi
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
- PANDIS.org, Australia.
| | | | - Bahar Kavyani
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
- PANDIS.org, Australia.
| | - Vanessa Tan
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
- PANDIS.org, Australia.
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
- PANDIS.org, Australia.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Gilles J. Guillemin, Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia. .
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Kazemi Shariat Panahi H, Dehhaghi M, Dehhaghi S, Guillemin GJ, Lam SS, Aghbashlo M, Tabatabaei M. Engineered bacteria for valorizing lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol. Bioresour Technol 2022; 344:126212. [PMID: 34715341 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate bioprocessing of lignocellulosic materials into ethanol could address the world's insatiable appetite for energy while mitigating greenhouse gases. Bioethanol is an ideal gasoline extender and is widely used in many countries in blended form with gasoline at specific ratios to improve fuel characteristics and engine performance. Although the bioethanol production industry has long been operational, finding a suitable microbial agent for the efficient conversion of lignocelluloses is still an active field of study. Among available microbial candidates, engineered bacteria may be promising ethanol producers while may show other desired traits such as thermophilic nature and high ethanol tolerance. This review provides the current knowledge on the introduction, overexpression, and deletion of the genes that have been performed in bacterial hosts to achieve higher ethanol yield, production rate and titer, and tolerance. The constraints and possible solutions and economic feasibility of the processes utilizing such engineered strains are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kazemi Shariat Panahi
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China; Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia; Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mona Dehhaghi
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia; Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Terengganu, Malaysia; PANDIS.org, Australia
| | - Somayeh Dehhaghi
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-336, Iran
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia; PANDIS.org, Australia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China; Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Terengganu, Malaysia; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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Adhikari UK, Sakiz E, Habiba U, Mikhael M, Senesi M, David MA, Guillemin GJ, Ooi L, Karl T, Collins S, Tayebi M. Treatment of microglia with Anti-PrP monoclonal antibodies induces neuronal apoptosis in vitro. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08644. [PMID: 35005289 PMCID: PMC8715334 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports highlighted the neurotoxic effects caused by some motif-specific anti-PrPC antibodies in vivo and in vitro. In the current study, we investigated the detailed alterations of the proteome with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry following direct application of anti-PrPC antibodies on mouse neuroblastoma cells (N2a) and mouse primary neuronal (MPN) cells or by cross-linking microglial PrPC with anti-PrPC antibodies prior to co-culture with the N2a/MPN cells. Here, we identified 4 (3 upregulated and 1 downregulated) and 17 (11 upregulated and 6 downregulated) neuronal apoptosis-related proteins following treatment of the N2a and N11 cell lines respectively when compared with untreated cells. In contrast, we identified 1 (upregulated) and 4 (2 upregulated and 2 downregulated) neuronal apoptosis-related proteins following treatment of MPN cells and N11 when compared with untreated cells. Furthermore, we also identified 3 (2 upregulated and 1 downregulated) and 2 (1 upregulated and 1 downregulated) neuronal apoptosis-related related proteins following treatment of MPN cells and N11 when compared to treatment with an anti-PrP antibody that lacks binding specificity for mouse PrP. The apoptotic effect of the anti-PrP antibodies was confirmed with flow cytometry following labelling of Annexin V-FITC. The toxic effects of the anti-PrP antibodies was more intense when antibody-treated N11 were co-cultured with the N2a and the identified apoptosis proteome was shown to be part of the PrPC-interactome. Our observations provide a new insight into the prominent role played by microglia in causing neurotoxic effects following treatment with anti-PrPC antibodies and might be relevant to explain the antibody mediated toxicity observed in other related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer. Antibody cross-linking neuronal PrPC induces apoptosis. Antibody cross-linking microglial PrPC induces neuronal apoptosis. Different apoptotic pathways were triggered by specific anti-PrP antibody treatments.
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Jayatunga DPW, Hone E, Khaira H, Lunelli T, Singh H, Guillemin GJ, Fernando B, Garg ML, Verdile G, Martins RN. Therapeutic Potential of Mitophagy-Inducing Microflora Metabolite, Urolithin A for Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113744. [PMID: 34836000 PMCID: PMC8617978 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction including deficits of mitophagy is seen in aging and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Apart from traditionally targeting amyloid beta (Aβ), the main culprit in AD brains, other approaches include investigating impaired mitochondrial pathways for potential therapeutic benefits against AD. Thus, a future therapy for AD may focus on novel candidates that enhance optimal mitochondrial integrity and turnover. Bioactive food components, known as nutraceuticals, may serve as such agents to combat AD. Urolithin A is an intestinal microbe-derived metabolite of a class of polyphenols, ellagitannins (ETs). Urolithin A is known to exert many health benefits. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-Aβ, and pro-mitophagy properties are increasingly recognized. However, the underlying mechanisms of urolithin A in inducing mitophagy is poorly understood. This review discusses the mitophagy deficits in AD and examines potential molecular mechanisms of its activation. Moreover, the current knowledge of urolithin A is discussed, focusing on its neuroprotective properties and its potential to induce mitophagy. Specifically, this review proposes potential mechanisms by which urolithin A may activate and promote mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona Pamoda W. Jayatunga
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Eugene Hone
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Harjot Khaira
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (H.K.); (T.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Taciana Lunelli
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (H.K.); (T.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (H.K.); (T.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2011, Australia
| | - Binosha Fernando
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Manohar L. Garg
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (H.K.); (T.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.G.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, 8 Verdun Street., Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-9347-4200
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Bani Hassan E, Doyle N, Bienvenu JG, Stent A, Guillemin GJ, Duque G. Evaluating the toxicity of escalating dose of oral picolinic acid in Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicology 2021; 462:152960. [PMID: 34555453 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Picolinic acid (PIC) is a byproduct of tryptophan catabolism through the kynurenine pathway, with anabolic effects on bone in vivo and in vitro. Hence, PIC has been nominated as a possible candidate to treat and/or prevent osteoporosis. However, the effective dose and toxicity of PIC are not known yet. To test the effect of escalating and very high doses of oral PIC, male Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged PIC: Group 1 (n = 3) received incremental doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day PIC on days 1, 3 and 5. Group 2 (n = 3) received 500 mg/kg BID (8 h apart; i.e. 1000 mg/kg/day) PIC on Day 1. Group 3 (n = 3) received 125 mg/kg/day PIC for seven consecutive days. Group 4 (n = 3) received 250 mg/kg/day PIC for seven consecutive days. Groups 1, 3 and 4 rats were euthanized on Day 8. Group 5 (n = 6) received 500 mg/kg/day PIC for two consecutive days and then once a week dose (Days 9, 16 and 23) of 500 mg/kg/dose PIC, until euthanasia (Day 30). Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were sampled at euthanasia, and tissues showing abnormalities at necropsy underwent histopathology evaluation. All rats displayed some degree of mild hypercalcemia and hyperkalemia. Rats receiving high doses (500 or 1000 mg/kg/day) of PIC died or were euthanized on humane grounds within the first week after showing clinical neurological signs, with animals later revealed to have brain necrosis and hemorrhage at histopathology. Rats receiving lower doses (125 or 250 mg/kg/day) of PIC completed treatment course without apparent clinical adverse events. In summary, very high doses of PIC (≥500 mg/kg/day) were vascular-neurotoxic. Possible future experiments must consider significantly lower doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Bani Hassan
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience & Osteosarcopenia Research Program, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Nancy Doyle
- Charles River Laboratories, Senneville, QC, Canada
| | | | - Andrew Stent
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience & Osteosarcopenia Research Program, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Charles River Laboratories, Senneville, QC, Canada; Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Penrith NSW, Australia.
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Myint K, Jacobs K, Myint AM, Lam SK, Lim YAL, Boey CCM, Hoe SZ, Guillemin GJ. Psychological Stresses in Children Trigger Cytokine- and Kynurenine Metabolite-Mediated Abdominal Pain and Proinflammatory Changes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702301. [PMID: 34539633 PMCID: PMC8442661 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is a common medically unexplained symptom among children worldwide. However, the biological mechanisms behind the development of functional and behavioral symptoms and changes in blood markers have not been well explored. This study aimed to assess changes in the concentrations of inflammatory markers, including cytokines and tryptophan catabolites, in the serum of children with RAP compared to those with subclinical infections. Children with RAP but without organic diseases were included, and those with asymptomatic intestinal parasitic infections were used as a subclinical infection cohort. Blood samples were collected and used to measure the cytokine profile using Multiplex Immunoassay and tryptophan catabolites using high performance liquid chromatography. Children with RAP showed significantly higher concentrations of serum tumor necrotic factor-α, p<0.05, but lower concentrations of IL-10, p<0.001, IL-6, p<0.001 and brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) p<0.01. In addition, a significant increase in the metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) p<0.01, a significant decrease in the concentrations of anthranilic acid (AA) p<0.001, together with an increased ratio of serum 3-HAA to AA (3-HAA/AA) p<0.001, was found in this cohort. These findings indicate the significant activation of the immune system and presence of inflammation in children with RAP than those with subclinical parasitic infections. Moreover, children with RAP tested with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), displayed high psychological problems though these SDQ scores were not statistically associated with measured cytokines and kynurenine metabolites. We however could hypothesize that the pro-inflammatory state together with concomitant low concentrations of BDNF in those children with RAP could play a role in psychological stress and experiencing medically unexplained symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyaimon Myint
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kelly Jacobs
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aye-Mu Myint
- Psychoneuroimmunology Research Group, European Collaborative Project, Munich, Germany
| | - Sau Kuen Lam
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Malaysia
| | - Yvonne Ai-Lian Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - See Ziau Hoe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Watchon M, Luu L, Robinson KJ, Yuan KC, De Luca A, Suddull HJ, Tym MC, Guillemin GJ, Cole NJ, Nicholson GA, Chung RS, Lee A, Laird AS. Sodium valproate increases activity of the sirtuin pathway resulting in beneficial effects for spinocerebellar ataxia-3 in vivo. Mol Brain 2021; 14:128. [PMID: 34416891 PMCID: PMC8377983 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD, also known as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that impairs control and coordination of movement. Here we tested whether treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium valproate (valproate) prevented a movement phenotype that develops in larvae of a transgenic zebrafish model of the disease. We found that treatment with valproate improved the swimming of the MJD zebrafish, affected levels of acetylated histones 3 and 4, but also increased expression of polyglutamine expanded human ataxin-3. Proteomic analysis of protein lysates generated from the treated and untreated MJD zebrafish also predicted that valproate treatment had activated the sirtuin longevity signaling pathway and this was confirmed by findings of increased SIRT1 protein levels and sirtuin activity in valproate treated MJD zebrafish and HEK293 cells expressing ataxin-3 84Q, respectively. Treatment with resveratrol (another compound known to activate the sirtuin pathway), also improved swimming in the MJD zebrafish. Co-treatment with valproate alongside EX527, a SIRT1 activity inhibitor, prevented induction of autophagy by valproate and the beneficial effects of valproate on the movement in the MJD zebrafish, supporting that they were both dependent on sirtuin activity. These findings provide the first evidence of sodium valproate inducing activation of the sirtuin pathway. Further, they indicate that drugs that target the sirtuin pathway, including sodium valproate and resveratrol, warrant further investigation for the treatment of MJD and related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxinne Watchon
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Luan Luu
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Katherine J Robinson
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Kristy C Yuan
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Alana De Luca
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Hannah J Suddull
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Madelaine C Tym
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Cole
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Garth A Nicholson
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Roger S Chung
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Albert Lee
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Angela S Laird
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Joisten N, Ruas JL, Braidy N, Guillemin GJ, Zimmer P. The kynurenine pathway in chronic diseases: a compensatory mechanism or a driving force? Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:946-954. [PMID: 34373202 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The kynurenine (KYN) pathway (KP) of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism is dysregulated in inflammation-driven pathologies including oncological and brain diseases [e.g., multiple sclerosis (MS), depression] and thus is a promising therapeutic target. Both pathological and compensatory mechanisms underlie disease-associated KP activation. There is growing evidence for bioenergetic roles of certain KP metabolites such as kynurenic acid (KA), or quinolinic acid (QA) as an NAD+ precursor, which may explain its frequently observed 'pathological' overactivation. Disease- and tissue-specific aspects, negative feedback on inflammatory signals, and the balance of downstream metabolites are likely to be decisive factors in the interpretation of an imbalanced KP. Therapeutic strategies should consider the compensatory actions and bioenergetic roles of KP metabolites to successfully design future theragnostic approaches aimed at attenuating disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Joisten
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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Valente-Silva P, Cervenka I, Ferreira DMS, Correia JC, Edman S, Horwath O, Heng B, Chow S, Jacobs KR, Guillemin GJ, Blomstrand E, Ruas JL. Effects of Tryptophan Supplementation and Exercise on the Fate of Kynurenine Metabolites in Mice and Humans. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080508. [PMID: 34436450 PMCID: PMC8400416 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan (TRP) degradation (KP) generates metabolites with effects on metabolism, immunity, and mental health. Endurance exercise training can change KP metabolites by changing the levels of KP enzymes in skeletal muscle. This leads to a metabolite pattern that favors energy expenditure and an anti-inflammatory immune cell profile and reduces neurotoxic metabolites. Here, we aimed to understand if TRP supplementation in untrained vs. trained subjects affects KP metabolite levels and biological effects. Our data show that chronic TRP supplementation in mice increases all KP metabolites in circulation, and that exercise reduces the neurotoxic branch of the pathway. However, in addition to increasing wheel running, we did not observe other effects of TRP supplementation on training adaptations, energy metabolism or behavior in mice. A similar increase in KP metabolites was seen in trained vs. untrained human volunteers that took a TRP drink while performing a bout of aerobic exercise. With this acute TRP administration, TRP and KYN were higher in the trained vs. the untrained group. Considering the many biological effects of the KP, which can lead to beneficial or deleterious effects to health, our data encourage future studies of the crosstalk between TRP supplementation and physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Valente-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.V.-S.); (I.C.); (D.M.S.F.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Igor Cervenka
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.V.-S.); (I.C.); (D.M.S.F.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Duarte M. S. Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.V.-S.); (I.C.); (D.M.S.F.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Jorge C. Correia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.V.-S.); (I.C.); (D.M.S.F.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Sebastian Edman
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, 114 33 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.E.); (O.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Oscar Horwath
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, 114 33 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.E.); (O.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sidney, NSW 2109, Australia; (B.H.); (S.C.); (K.R.J.); (G.J.G.)
| | - Sharron Chow
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sidney, NSW 2109, Australia; (B.H.); (S.C.); (K.R.J.); (G.J.G.)
| | - Kelly R. Jacobs
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sidney, NSW 2109, Australia; (B.H.); (S.C.); (K.R.J.); (G.J.G.)
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sidney, NSW 2109, Australia; (B.H.); (S.C.); (K.R.J.); (G.J.G.)
| | - Eva Blomstrand
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, 114 33 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.E.); (O.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Jorge L. Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.V.-S.); (I.C.); (D.M.S.F.); (J.C.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Bai MY, Lovejoy DB, Guillemin GJ, Kozak R, Stone TW, Koola MM. Galantamine-Memantine Combination and Kynurenine Pathway Enzyme Inhibitors in the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Complex Psychiatry 2021; 7:19-33. [PMID: 35141700 PMCID: PMC8443947 DOI: 10.1159/000515066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) is a major route for L-tryptophan (L-TRP) metabolism, yielding a variety of bioactive compounds including kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), quinolinic acid (QUIN), and picolinic acid (PIC). These tryptophan catabolites are involved in the pathogenesis of many neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly when the KP becomes dysregulated. Accordingly, the enzymes that regulate the KP such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)/tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, kynurenine aminotransferases (KATs), and kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) represent potential drug targets as enzymatic inhibition can favorably rebalance KP metabolite concentrations. In addition, the galantamine-memantine combination, through its modulatory effects at the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, may counteract the effects of KYNA. The aim of this review is to highlight the effectiveness of IDO-1, KAT II, and KMO inhibitors, as well as the galantamine-memantine combination in the modulation of different KP metabolites. KAT II inhibitors are capable of decreasing the KYNA levels in the rat brain by a maximum of 80%. KMO inhibitors effectively reduce the central nervous system (CNS) levels of 3-HK, while markedly boosting the brain concentration of KYNA. Emerging data suggest that the galantamine-memantine combination also lowers L-TRP, kynurenine, KYNA, and PIC levels in humans. Presently, there are only 2 pathophysiological mechanisms (cholinergic and glutamatergic) that are FDA approved for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction for which purpose the galantamine-memantine combination has been designed for clinical use against Alzheimer's disease. The alpha7 nicotinic-NMDA hypothesis targeted by the galantamine-memantine combination has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various CNS diseases. Similarly, KYNA is well capable of modulating the neuropathophysiology of these disorders. This is known as the KYNA-centric hypothesis, which may be implicated in the management of certain neuropsychiatric conditions. In line with this hypothesis, KYNA may be considered as the "conductor of the orchestra" for the major pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CNS disorders. Therefore, there is great opportunity to further explore and compare the biological effects of these therapeutic modalities in animal models with a special focus on their effects on KP metabolites in the CNS and with the ultimate goal of progressing to clinical trials for many neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y. Bai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David B. Lovejoy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rouba Kozak
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Trevor W. Stone
- Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maju Mathew Koola
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Javelle F, Bloch W, Knoop A, Guillemin GJ, Zimmer P. Toward a neuroprotective shift: Eight weeks of high intensity interval training reduces the neurotoxic kynurenine activity concurrently to impulsivity in emotionally impulsive humans - A randomized controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 96:7-17. [PMID: 33932526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous findings suggest that impulsivity is related to chronic low-grade inflammation. Inflammation is known to trigger the kynurenine pathway to a pathological level in various impulsivity-related disorders. Nonetheless, murine models and recent human studies have shown that physical exercise, in particular High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), could counterbalance the negative effects of inflammation on the kynurenine pathway. AIM This study evaluates the effects of eight weeks of HIIT versus an active control group on impulsivity levels and accompanying alterations of inflammatory-mediated changes of the kynurenine pathway in a sample of emotionally impulsive humans. METHODS Participants were randomly allocated to either HIIT or stretching conditions (three trainings per week for eight weeks). Fitness level was evaluated via VO2peak values at the beginning at end of the intervention. Kynurenine metabolites, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and impulsivity levels were evaluated at T0, T4, and T8 weeks. Statistical analyses were performed using mixed models. RESULTS Fifty-three participants were included in the modified Intention To Treat analysis (45 finished the intervention). The HIIT group (n = 28) largely increased the aerobic fitness of its participants and produced physiological changes while the stretching group (n = 25) did not. HIIT reduced interleukin 6 levels (small to moderate interaction) and reduced the activity of the neurotoxic branch of the kynurenine pathway (small to moderate interaction for KYNA/QA and KYN/QA) after eight weeks of training while the active control did not change. Both interventions were effective to decrease emotion-related impulsivity, however only the HIIT group decreased participants' emotion-unrelated levels. Changes in emotion-related and -unrelated impulsivity were moderately correlated to changes in KYNA/KYN. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that HIIT was able to switch the kynurenine pathway from its neurotoxic branch to its neuroprotective one. This shift was associated with a decrease in impulsivity. Based on these findings, future work may consider investigating more intensively the effect of HIIT on impulsivity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Javelle
- Clinical Exercise-Neuroimmunology Group, Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Clinical Exercise-Neuroimmunology Group, Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andre Knoop
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Clinical Exercise-Neuroimmunology Group, Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany; Department for Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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Adhikari UK, Sakiz E, Zhou X, Habiba U, Kumar S, Mikhael M, Senesi M, Guang Li C, Guillemin GJ, Ooi L, David MA, Collins S, Karl T, Tayebi M. Cross-Linking Cellular Prion Protein Induces Neuronal Type 2-Like Hypersensitivity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639008. [PMID: 34394070 PMCID: PMC8361482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous reports identified proteins associated with ‘apoptosis’ following cross-linking PrPC with motif-specific anti-PrP antibodies in vivo and in vitro. The molecular mechanisms underlying this IgG-mediated neurotoxicity and the role of the activated proteins in the apoptotic pathways leading to neuronal death has not been properly defined. Previous reports implicated a number of proteins, including apolipoprotein E, cytoplasmic phospholipase A2, prostaglandin and calpain with anti-PrP antibody-mediated ‘apoptosis’, however, these proteins are also known to play an important role in allergy. In this study, we investigated whether cross-linking PrPC with anti-PrP antibodies stimulates a neuronal allergenic response. Methods Initially, we predicted the allergenicity of the epitope sequences associated with ‘neurotoxic’ anti-PrP antibodies using allergenicity prediction servers. We then investigated whether anti-PrP antibody treatment of mouse primary neurons (MPN), neuroblastoma cells (N2a) and microglia (N11) cell lines lead to a neuronal allergenic response. Results In-Silico studies showed that both tail- and globular-epitopes were allergenic. Specifically, binding regions that contain epitopes for previously reported ‘neurotoxic’ antibodies such as ICSM18 (146-159), ICSM35 (91-110), POM 1 (138-147) and POM 3 (95-100) lead to activation of allergenic related proteins. Following direct application of anti-PrPC antibodies on N2a cells, we identified 4 neuronal allergenic-related proteins when compared with untreated cells. Furthermore, we identified 8 neuronal allergenic-related proteins following treatment of N11 cells with anti-PrPC antibodies prior to co-culture with N2a cells when compared with untreated cells. Antibody treatment of MPN or MPN co-cultured with antibody-treated N11 led to identifying 10 and 7 allergenic-related proteins when compared with untreated cells. However, comparison with 3F4 antibody treatment revealed 5 and 4 allergenic-related proteins respectively. Of importance, we showed that the allergenic effects triggered by the anti-PrP antibodies were more potent when antibody-treated microglia were co-cultured with the neuroblastoma cell line. Finally, co-culture of N2a or MPN with N11-treated with anti-PrP antibodies resulted in significant accumulation of NO and IL6 but not TNF-α in the cell culture media supernatant. Conclusions This study showed for the first time that anti-PrP antibody binding to PrPC triggers a neuronal hypersensitivity response and highlights the important role of microglia in triggering an IgG-mediated neuronal hypersensitivity response. Moreover, this study provides an important impetus for including allergenic assessment of therapeutic antibodies for neurodegenerative disorders to derive safe and targeted biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elif Sakiz
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Xian Zhou
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM) Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Umma Habiba
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Meena Mikhael
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Matteo Senesi
- Australian National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Registry, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chun Guang Li
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM) Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Steven Collins
- Australian National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Registry, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tim Karl
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mourad Tayebi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
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Fifita JA, Chan Moi Fat S, McCann EP, Williams KL, Twine NA, Bauer DC, Rowe DB, Pamphlett R, Kiernan MC, Tan VX, Blair IP, Guillemin GJ. Genetic Analysis of Tryptophan Metabolism Genes in Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701550. [PMID: 34194442 PMCID: PMC8236844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP) is the initiating metabolite of the kynurenine pathway (KP), which can be upregulated by inflammatory conditions in cells. Neuroinflammation-triggered activation of the KP and excessive production of the KP metabolite quinolinic acid are common features of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In addition to its role in the KP, genes involved in TRP metabolism, including its incorporation into proteins, and synthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin, have also been genetically and functionally linked to these diseases. ALS is a late onset neurodegenerative disease that is classified as familial or sporadic, depending on the presence or absence of a family history of the disease. Heritability estimates support a genetic basis for all ALS, including the sporadic form of the disease. However, the genetic basis of sporadic ALS (SALS) is complex, with the presence of multiple gene variants acting to increase disease susceptibility and is further complicated by interaction with potential environmental factors. We aimed to determine the genetic contribution of 18 genes involved in TRP metabolism, including protein synthesis, serotonin synthesis and the KP, by interrogating whole-genome sequencing data from 614 Australian sporadic ALS cases. Five genes in the KP (AFMID, CCBL1, GOT2, KYNU, HAAO) were found to have either novel protein-altering variants, and/or a burden of rare protein-altering variants in SALS cases compared to controls. Four genes involved in TRP metabolism for protein synthesis (WARS) and serotonin synthesis (TPH1, TPH2, MAOA) were also found to carry novel variants and/or gene burden. These variants may represent ALS risk factors that act to alter the KP and lead to neuroinflammation. These findings provide further evidence for the role of TRP metabolism, the KP and neuroinflammation in ALS disease pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Fifita
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandrine Chan Moi Fat
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily P. McCann
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kelly L. Williams
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie A. Twine
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Health & Biosecurity Flagship, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Denis C. Bauer
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Health & Biosecurity Flagship, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Applied BioSciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dominic B. Rowe
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roger Pamphlett
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew C. Kiernan
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vanessa X. Tan
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian P. Blair
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Dehhaghi M, Kazemi Shariat Panahi H, Braidy N, Guillemin GJ. Herpetosiphon Secondary Metabolites Inhibit Amyloid-β Toxicity in Human Primary Astrocytes. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:423-433. [PMID: 32474470 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of extracellular plaques containing amyloid-β protein (Aβ) in the brain is one of the main pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ peptide can promote the production of highly volatile free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can induce oxidative damage to neurons and astrocytes. At present, numerous studies have investigated the neuroprotective and glioprotective effects of natural products derived from plants, animals, and microorganisms. OBJECTIVE We investigated the glioprotective effect of secondary metabolites obtained from Herpetosiphon sp. HM 1988 against Aβ40-induced toxicity in human primary astrocytes. METHODS The protective effect of bacterial secondary metabolites against Aβ40-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity was evaluated using the citrulline assay. To confirm the iNOS activity, nitrite production was assessed using the fluorometric Griess diazotization assay. Intracellular NAD+ depletion and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in human primary astrocytes were also examined using well-established spectrophotometric assays. RESULTS Our results indicate that Aβ40 can induce elevation in iNOS and LDH activities, nitrite production, and cellular energy depletion. Importantly, extract of Herpetosiphon sp. HM 1988 decreased iNOS activity, nitrite production, and LDH release. In addition, metabolites of the strain were able to restore cellular energy deficits through inhibition of NAD+ depletion mediated by Aβ40. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that Herpetosiphon metabolites may represent a promising, novel source for the prevention of Aβ toxicity in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dehhaghi
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
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Wong WK, Joglekar MV, Saini V, Jiang G, Dong CX, Chaitarvornkit A, Maciag GJ, Gerace D, Farr RJ, Satoor SN, Sahu S, Sharangdhar T, Ahmed AS, Chew YV, Liuwantara D, Heng B, Lim CK, Hunter J, Januszewski AS, Sørensen AE, Akil AS, Gamble JR, Loudovaris T, Kay TW, Thomas HE, O'Connell PJ, Guillemin GJ, Martin D, Simpson AM, Hawthorne WJ, Dalgaard LT, Ma RC, Hardikar AA. Machine learning workflows identify a microRNA signature of insulin transcription in human tissues. iScience 2021; 24:102379. [PMID: 33981968 PMCID: PMC8082091 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dicer knockout mouse models demonstrated a key role for microRNAs in pancreatic β-cell function. Studies to identify specific microRNA(s) associated with human (pro-)endocrine gene expression are needed. We profiled microRNAs and key pancreatic genes in 353 human tissue samples. Machine learning workflows identified microRNAs associated with (pro-)insulin transcripts in a discovery set of islets (n = 30) and insulin-negative tissues (n = 62). This microRNA signature was validated in remaining 261 tissues that include nine islet samples from individuals with type 2 diabetes. Top eight microRNAs (miR-183-5p, -375-3p, 216b-5p, 183-3p, -7-5p, -217-5p, -7-2-3p, and -429-3p) were confirmed to be associated with and predictive of (pro-)insulin transcript levels. Use of doxycycline-inducible microRNA-overexpressing human pancreatic duct cell lines confirmed the regulatory roles of these microRNAs in (pro-)endocrine gene expression. Knockdown of these microRNAs in human islet cells reduced (pro-)insulin transcript abundance. Our data provide specific microRNAs to further study microRNA-mRNA interactions in regulating insulin transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson K.M. Wong
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Narellan Road & Gilchrist Drive, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Diabetes and Islet Biology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Mugdha V. Joglekar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Narellan Road & Gilchrist Drive, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Diabetes and Islet Biology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Vijit Saini
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Narellan Road & Gilchrist Drive, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- School of Life Sciences and the Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Charlotte X. Dong
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Narellan Road & Gilchrist Drive, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Diabetes and Islet Biology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Alissa Chaitarvornkit
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Narellan Road & Gilchrist Drive, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Diabetes and Islet Biology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Grzegorz J. Maciag
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Dario Gerace
- School of Life Sciences and the Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ryan J. Farr
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Narellan Road & Gilchrist Drive, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Diabetes and Islet Biology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Sarang N. Satoor
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Narellan Road & Gilchrist Drive, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Diabetes and Islet Biology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Subhshri Sahu
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Narellan Road & Gilchrist Drive, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Diabetes and Islet Biology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Tejaswini Sharangdhar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Narellan Road & Gilchrist Drive, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Diabetes and Islet Biology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Asma S. Ahmed
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Narellan Road & Gilchrist Drive, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Diabetes and Islet Biology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Yi Vee Chew
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - David Liuwantara
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2019, Australia
| | - Chai K. Lim
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2019, Australia
| | - Julie Hunter
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney Medical School, Locked Bag #6, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Andrzej S. Januszewski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, 92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Anja E. Sørensen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ammira S.A. Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jennifer R. Gamble
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney Medical School, Locked Bag #6, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Thomas Loudovaris
- St Vincent's Institute and The University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas W. Kay
- St Vincent's Institute and The University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen E. Thomas
- St Vincent's Institute and The University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip J. O'Connell
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2019, Australia
| | - David Martin
- Upper GI Surgery, Strathfield Hospital, 2/3 Everton Road, Strathfield, NSW 2135, Australia
| | - Ann M. Simpson
- School of Life Sciences and the Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wayne J. Hawthorne
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Louise T. Dalgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ronald C.W. Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anandwardhan A. Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Narellan Road & Gilchrist Drive, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Diabetes and Islet Biology group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Ahn SB, Kamath KS, Mohamedali A, Noor Z, Wu JX, Pascovici D, Adhikari S, Cheruku HR, Guillemin GJ, McKay MJ, Nice EC, Baker MS. Use of a Recombinant Biomarker Protein DDA Library Increases DIA Coverage of Low Abundance Plasma Proteins. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2374-2389. [PMID: 33752330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Credible detection and quantification of low abundance proteins from human blood plasma is a major challenge in precision medicine biomarker discovery when using mass spectrometry (MS). In this proof-of-concept study, we employed a mixture of selected recombinant proteins in DDA libraries to subsequently identify (not quantify) cancer-associated low abundance plasma proteins using SWATH/DIA. The exemplar DDA recombinant protein spectral library (rPSL) was derived from tryptic digestion of 36 recombinant human proteins that had been previously implicated as possible cancer biomarkers from both our own and other studies. The rPSL was then used to identify proteins from nondepleted colorectal cancer (CRC) EDTA plasmas by SWATH-MS. Most (32/36) of the proteins used in the rPSL were reliably identified from CRC plasma samples, including 8 proteins (i.e., BTC, CXCL10, IL1B, IL6, ITGB6, TGFα, TNF, TP53) not previously detected using high-stringency protein inference MS according to PeptideAtlas. The rPSL SWATH-MS protocol was compared to DDA-MS using MARS-depleted and postdigestion peptide fractionated plasmas (here referred to as a human plasma DDA library). Of the 32 proteins identified using rPSL SWATH, only 12 could be identified using DDA-MS. The 20 additional proteins exclusively identified using the rPSL SWATH approach were almost exclusively lower abundance (i.e., <10 ng/mL) proteins. To mitigate justified FDR concerns, and to replicate a more typical library creation approach, the DDA rPSL library was merged with a human plasma DDA library and SWATH identification repeated using such a merged library. The majority (33/36) of the low abundance plasma proteins added from the rPSL were still able to be identified using such a merged library when high-stringency HPP Guidelines v3.0 protein inference criteria were applied to our data set. The MS data set has been deposited to ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (PXD022361).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Beom Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Karthik S Kamath
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Abidali Mohamedali
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Zainab Noor
- ProCan, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Jemma X Wu
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Dana Pascovici
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Subash Adhikari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Harish R Cheruku
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Matthew J McKay
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mark S Baker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
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48
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Garcez ML, Tan VX, Heng B, Guillemin GJ. Sodium Butyrate and Indole-3-propionic Acid Prevent the Increase of Cytokines and Kynurenine Levels in LPS-induced Human Primary Astrocytes. Int J Tryptophan Res 2021; 13:1178646920978404. [PMID: 33447046 PMCID: PMC7780186 DOI: 10.1177/1178646920978404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between central nervous system (CNS) and gut microbiota plays key roles in neuroinflammation and chronic immune activation that are common features of all neurodegenerative diseases. Imbalance in the microbiota can lead to an increase in the intestinal permeability allowing toxins to diffuse and reach the CNS, as well as impairing the production of neuroprotective metabolites such as sodium butyrate (SB) and indole-3-propionic acid (IPA). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of SB and IPA on LPS-induced production of cytokines and tryptophan metabolites in human astrocytes. Primary cultures of human astrocytes were pre-incubated with SB or IPA for 1 hour before treatment with LPS. Cell viability was not affected at 24, 48 or 72 hours after pre-treatment with SB, IPA or LPS treatment. SB was able to significantly prevent the increase of GM-CSF, MCP-1, IL-6 IL-12, and IL-13 triggered by LPS. SB and IPA also prevented inflammation indicated by the increase in kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio induced by LPS treatment. IPA pre-treatment prevented the LPS-induced increase in MCP-1, IL-12, IL-13, and TNF-α levels 24 hours after pre-treatment, but had no effect on tryptophan metabolites. The present study showed for the first time that bacterial metabolites SB and IPA have potential anti-inflammatory effect on primary human astrocytes with potential therapeutic benefit in neurodegenerative disease characterized by the presence of chronic low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Garcez
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Neurodegenerative diseases Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vanessa X Tan
- Neurodegenerative diseases Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Neurodegenerative diseases Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neurodegenerative diseases Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,PANDIS.org, Little Collins St, Melbourne VIC, Australia
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49
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Leclerc D, Staats Pires AC, Guillemin GJ, Gilot D. Detrimental activation of AhR pathway in cancer: an overview of therapeutic strategies. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 70:15-26. [PMID: 33429228 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sustained transcriptional activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) promotes tumour growth and impairs the immune defence, at least for cutaneous melanoma and glioma. AhR ligands are produced by the tumour microenvironment (TME) and by the tumour itself (intracrine). The recent identification of interleukin-4-induced-1 (IL4I1), a parallel pathway to indoleamine 2 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1)/ tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), and its ability to generate AhR ligands, confirms that a complete inhibition of AhR ligand production might be difficult to reach. Here, we have focused on recent discoveries explaining the large varieties of AhR ligands and the functional consequences in terms of cancer cell plasticity and consecutive therapy resistance. We also examined therapeutic strategies targeting the AhR signalling pathway and their possible adverse effects. Since the end of 2019, two phase I clinical trials have investigated the ability of the AhR antagonist to 'reset' the immune system and re-sensitize the cancer cells to therapies by preventing their dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Leclerc
- Inserm U1242, Université de Rennes, France, Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Ananda Christina Staats Pires
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Gilot
- Inserm U1242, Université de Rennes, France, Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
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50
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Dhrisya C, Prasathkumar M, Becky R, Anisha S, Sadhasivam S, Essa MM, Chidambaram SB, Al-Balushi B, Guillemin GJ, Qoronfleh MW. Social and Biological Parameters Involved in Suicide Ideation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review. Int J Tryptophan Res 2020; 13:1178646920978243. [PMID: 35185341 PMCID: PMC8851148 DOI: 10.1177/1178646920978243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear is an indispensable characteristic of any infectious disease, and the alarm will be further amplified when the infection spreads uncontrollable, unpredictable, and global. The novel corona virus (SARS CoV-2) lead Covid-19, has been declared as a global emergency by WHO as it has affected millions of people with a high mortality rate. The non-availability of medicine for Covid-19 and the various control measures such as social distancing, self-isolation, house quarantine, and the new normal implementation by different nations across the world to control the spread of Covid-19 made people vulnerable to fear and anxiety. As a result, considerable number of Covid-19-related suicidal deaths has been reported across the world during this pandemic. There have been several studies which describe the psychosocial aspects of suicidal ideation. However, the research on the biological aspects of suicidal ideation/suicidal risk factors that are related to pandemic are unreported. Hence this review article is intended to provide a comprehensive analysis of suicidal deaths during Covid-19 and also aimed to addresses the possible link between suicidal ideation and different factors, including psycho-social, behavioral, neurobiological factors (proximal, distal, and inflammatory) and immunity. The alterations in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmitters had upregulated the GABARB3, GABARA4, GABARA3, GABARR1, GABARG2, and GAD2 gene expressions in suicidal victims. The changes in the Kynurenine (KYN) pathway, Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal axis (HPA axis) hyperactivation, and dysregulation of serotonin biosynthesis would significantly alter the brain chemistry in people with suicide ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenthamara Dhrisya
- Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Murugan Prasathkumar
- Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Robert Becky
- Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Salim Anisha
- Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Subramaniam Sadhasivam
- Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
- Department of Extension and Career Guidance, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology (CPT), JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Buthainah Al-Balushi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - M Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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