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Lee A, Seo J, Park S, Cho Y, Kim G, Li J, Liang L, Park T, Chung W. Type 2 diabetes and its genetic susceptibility are associated with increased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in UK Biobank. Commun Biol 2024; 7:122. [PMID: 38267566 PMCID: PMC10808197 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is known as one of the important risk factors for the severity and mortality of COVID-19. Here, we evaluate the impact of T2D and its genetic susceptibility on the severity and mortality of COVID-19, using 459,119 individuals in UK Biobank. Utilizing the polygenic risk scores (PRS) for T2D, we identified a significant association between T2D or T2D PRS, and COVID-19 severity. We further discovered the efficacy of vaccination and the pivotal role of T2D-related genetics in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. Moreover, we found that individuals with T2D or those in the high T2D PRS group had a significantly increased mortality rate. We also observed that the mortality rate for SARS-CoV-2-infected patients was approximately 2 to 7 times higher than for those not infected, depending on the time of infection. These findings emphasize the potential of T2D PRS in estimating the severity and mortality of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeyeon Lee
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea
| | - Jieun Seo
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea
| | - Seunghwan Park
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Basgenbio Co. Ltd., Seoul, 04167, Korea
| | - Youngkwang Cho
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea
| | - Gaeun Kim
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Taesung Park
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Wonil Chung
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea.
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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