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Marzaleh MA, Ardakani MSZ. Disasters in pediatric dentistry: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:984. [PMID: 38066572 PMCID: PMC10709838 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disasters can harm many people, especially children, in unpredictable and public ways. One of the neglected aspects of children's health in disasters is oral and dental hygiene, which can affect their physical and mental well-being. This systematic review explores how dentistry can help children in disasters, focusing on two aspects: providing oral health care and identifying disaster victims. METHODS A thorough search of databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, and Web of Science, was done to find English-language publications from 1930 to August 31, 2023. The screening, data collection, and quality assessment followed the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Out of 37,795 articles found in the databases, seven research articles were chosen. Five articles were retrospective, and two articles were prospective. The results showed that dentistry for children is very important in disasters by giving information about the oral and dental problems and identifying the victims. The results also showed some of the challenges and difficulties in giving dental care for children in disaster situations, such as changing control, referral systems, and parental fear of infection. CONCLUSION Dentistry for children can improve the health and well-being of children affected by disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Health Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Schneider-Smith EG, Suda KJ, Lew D, Rowan S, Hanna D, Bach T, Shimpi N, Foraker RE, Durkin MJ. How decisions are made: Antibiotic stewardship in dentistry. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2023; 44:1731-1736. [PMID: 37553682 PMCID: PMC10782556 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2023.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a preimplementation assessment of workflows, resources, needs, and antibiotic prescribing practices of trainees and practicing dentists to inform the development of an antibiotic-stewardship clinical decision-support tool (CDST) for dentists. METHODS We used a technology implementation framework to conduct the preimplementation assessment via surveys and focus groups of students, residents, and faculty members. Using Likert scales, the survey assessed baseline knowledge and confidence in dental providers' antibiotic prescribing. The focus groups gathered information on existing workflows, resources, and needs for end users for our CDST. RESULTS Of 355 dental providers recruited to take the survey, 213 (60%) responded: 151 students, 27 residents, and 35 faculty. The average confidence in antibiotic prescribing decisions was 3.2 ± 1.0 on a scale of 1 to 5 (ie, moderate). Dental students were less confident about prescribing antibiotics than residents and faculty (P < .01). However, antibiotic prescribing knowledge was no different between dental students, residents, and faculty. The mean likelihood of prescribing an antibiotic when it was not needed was 2.7 ± 0.6 on a scale of 1 to 5 (unlikely to maybe) and was not meaningfully different across subgroups (P = .10). We had 10 participants across 3 focus groups: 7 students, 2 residents, and 1 faculty member. Four major themes emerged, which indicated that dentists: (1) make antibiotic prescribing decisions based on anecdotal experiences; (2) defer to physicians' recommendations; (3) have limited access to evidence-based resources; and (4) want CDST for antibiotic prescribing. CONCLUSIONS Dentists' confidence in antibiotic prescribing increased by training level, but knowledge did not. Trainees and practicing dentists would benefit from a CDST to improve appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika G Schneider-Smith
- Division of Medical Education, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Katie J Suda
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System and the University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daphne Lew
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Susan Rowan
- Division of General Dentistry, University of Illinois College of Dentistry, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Danny Hanna
- Division of General Dentistry, University of Illinois College of Dentistry, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tracey Bach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Neel Shimpi
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin
| | - Randi E Foraker
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael J Durkin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Falola A, Demirjian A, Thompson W, Brown CS, Gerver S, Bou-Antoun S. The impact of COVID-19 national restrictions on dental antibiotic dispensing trends and treatment activity in England: January 2016 to July 2021. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2023; 5:dlad081. [PMID: 37465106 PMCID: PMC10350668 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing tempers the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to quantify the associated impact of COVID-19-related national restrictions in England on dental antibiotic dispensing and describe changes in appointments and modes of delivery of care. Methods Interrupted time series analyses were completed using NHS Business Service Authority (NHSBSA) ePACT2 data to measure the associated change in antibiotic dispensing in England following COVID-19-related restrictions (which began March 2020). For face-to-face dental consultations, NHS dental treatment plan (FP17) data were used. For remote consultations during the COVID-19 period, NHSBSA Compass system remote management data were used. Results Between January 2016 and February 2020, there was a decreasing trend in antibiotic dispensing (-0.02 per 1000 population per month, P < 0.05). In contrast, there was an increase of 0.98 per 1000 population (P < 0.05) in March. The peak in antibiotic use occurred between June 2020 and July 2020, once the restrictions were eased. At the end of the study period (July 2021), the elevated prescribing trend had not returned to pre-pandemic counterfactual levels, although exhibiting a declining trend. A stable trend in dental treatment plans was seen pre-COVID-19, with a sharp decline coinciding with the restrictions. Dental treatment plans had not yet returned to the higher pre-pandemic levels. Conclusions Dental antibiotic prescribing significantly increased with the national COVID-19 restrictions when service delivery was altered with the closure of dental practices and introduction of remote consultations. Teledentistry was likely associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. Continued antimicrobial stewardship and prudent use of antibiotics in dentistry is important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Demirjian
- HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU & Sepsis Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA),London NW9 5EQ, UK
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Wendy Thompson
- Division of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Colin S Brown
- HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU & Sepsis Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA),London NW9 5EQ, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Gerver
- HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU & Sepsis Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA),London NW9 5EQ, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sabine Bou-Antoun
- HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU & Sepsis Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA),London NW9 5EQ, UK
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Contaldo M, D’Ambrosio F, Ferraro GA, Di Stasio D, Di Palo MP, Serpico R, Simeone M. Antibiotics in Dentistry: A Narrative Review of the Evidence beyond the Myth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6025. [PMID: 37297629 PMCID: PMC10252486 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20116025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have undoubtedly revolutionized medicine and the health and survival of patients with life-threatening infections, being nonetheless free from potential adverse effects, and the risk of intestinal dysbiosis, antimicrobial resistance, and the resulting consequences for the patient's health and the public purse. The present study narratively reviewed the epidemiological data on worldwide antibiotic consumption and administration in dental practice, patients' adherence to prescriptions, the antimicrobial resistance phenomenon in dentistry, and the evidence supporting and recommending appropriate antibiotic use in dental care. Eligible systematic reviews and original studies in humans published in the English language from January 2000 to 26 January 2023 were considered. A total of 78 studies, 47 on the epidemiology of antibiotic use and prescription in dentistry, 6 on antibiotic therapy in dentistry, 12 on antibiotic prophylaxis in dentistry, 0 on adherence of dental patients to antibiotic prescription, and 13 on antimicrobial resistance in dentistry, were presently considered. Retrieved evidence revealed that antibiotics are frequently overused and misused in dental practice, dental patients frequently do not adhere to prescriptions, and antimicrobial resistance in dentistry is a still rising phenomenon also secondary to improper oral antiseptics use. The present findings highlighted the need to establish more evidence-based and accurate antibiotic prescriptions to sensitize dentists and dental patients to minimize and rationalize the use of antibiotics only when it is indicated and necessary, improve patients' adherence, and enhance knowledge and awareness of the antimicrobial resistance in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Contaldo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialities, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.A.F.); (D.D.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Francesco D’Ambrosio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe A. Ferraro
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialities, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.A.F.); (D.D.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Dario Di Stasio
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialities, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.A.F.); (D.D.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Maria Pia Di Palo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Rosario Serpico
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialities, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.A.F.); (D.D.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Michele Simeone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Salami A, El Karim I, Lundy F, Loney T, Donaldson M, O'Neill C. An exploratory study of maternal diabetes and offspring use of dental services-Northern Ireland national cohort study. BDJ Open 2023; 9:14. [PMID: 37037830 PMCID: PMC10085974 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-023-00140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A small number of literature has posited a link between prenatal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus and an increased risk of developmental defects in the enamel of offspring. However, the evidence remains inconclusive. AIMS This study examined the relationship between the diabetes status of mothers and the use of dental services by offspring to that pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Anonymised data from a cohort of mothers who carried a child to term in Northern Ireland between 2012 and 2017 and service use by the child were taken from administrative databases from March 2015 to September 2021. Descriptive statistics, differences in means and regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between service use and maternal diabetes status, controlling for covariates. RESULTS In multivariate analyses that controlled inter alia for age and deprivation, diabetes status was negatively related to restoration, extraction, prevention, and total service use. In the analysis of the COVID period, pre-COVID prevention was negatively related to extractions, restorations, prevention and services in general. CONCLUSION The relationship between maternal diabetic status and aspects of offspring use of dental services was contrary to that suggested in previous studies and warrants more detailed investigation using this valuable data resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Salami
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ikhlas El Karim
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Fionnuala Lundy
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Tom Loney
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael Donaldson
- Department of Health, Strategic Planning and Performance Group, London, UK
| | - Ciaran O'Neill
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Changes in Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns in Danish General Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Register-Based Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111615. [PMID: 36421259 PMCID: PMC9686554 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization expressed concern that antimicrobial resistance would increase during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the excessive use of antibiotics. This study aimed to explore if antibiotic prescribing patterns in general practices located in the North Denmark Region changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted as a registry-based study. Data was collected for every antibiotic prescription issued in general practices located in the North Denmark Region during the first year of the pandemic (1 February 2020 to 31 January 2021) and the year prior to the pandemic (1 February 2019 to 31 January 2020). Data were compared regarding antibiotic agents and the type of consultation linked to each antibiotic prescription. Results showed that antibiotic prescriptions decreased by 18.5% during the first pandemic year. The use of macrolides and lincosamides, along with combinations of penicillins and beta-lactamase -sensitive penicillins, was reduced the most. Face-to-face consultations related to an antibiotic prescription decreased by 28.5%, while the use of video consultations increased markedly. In Denmark, COVID-19 restrictions have contributed to both a lower consumption of antibiotics and a change in prescription patterns in general practice. Probably some of the COVID-19 -preventing initiatives could be of importance moving forward in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.
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Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on dental antibiotic prescribing across England: 'it was a minefield'. Br Dent J 2022; 233:653-658. [PMID: 36307710 PMCID: PMC9615612 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-022-5104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic impacted significantly on dental service delivery across England. Objective To explore how and why the pandemic affected antibiotic prescribing by primary care dentists. Methods Mixed-methods study: secondary analysis of routinely collected NHS dental antibiotic prescribing data from before and during the pandemic; and an online survey of dentists (NHS and private) across England's regions. Results Dental antibiotic prescribing increased 22% in the pandemic's first year, with regional variation from a 12.1% increase in London to 29.1% in East of England. Of 159 dentists surveyed, 60% had prescribed 'many more' antibiotics. Some urgent dental centres required antibiotics before accepting referrals, irrespective of clinical appropriateness. Diagnosing remotely was hard. Antibiotics were used to delay aerosol generating procedures and fill gaps in services. Widespread frustration existed. Discussion Maintaining access to urgent dental care during a future pandemic would include availability of high-grade personal protective equipment for dental teams. Everyone must understand the impact of restricted dental access on antibiotic overprescribing and hence antibiotic resistance. Conclusion Reduced dental access and changes in dental service delivery because of the pandemic increased antibiotic prescribing. Ensuring uninterrupted access for all to effective urgent dental care is an important element of global efforts to tackle antibiotic resistance. Remote management of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in increased antibiotic prescribing in each of England's regions. Most dentists were not confident managing patients with acute dental conditions remotely. Ensuring access to face-to-face dentistry is an important part of efforts to tackle antibiotic resistance. Dentists felt frustrated about being prevented from providing the dental procedures needed to provide safe and effective care to people in pain. Many also expressed concern about the impact of increased antibiotic prescribing on antibiotic resistance and their experience of increased patient expectation that antibiotics are appropriate for toothache. Preparedness plans for future pandemics should recognise that antibiotics are not a substitute for dental procedures and dentistry was the only part of the NHS to experience an increase in antibiotic prescribing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Planners should aim to ensure sufficient face-to-face urgent dental care provision immediately upon implementation of pandemic restrictions.
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MORAES RR, CORREA MB, MARTINS-FILHO PR, LIMA GS, DEMARCO FF. COVID-19 incidence, severity, medication use, and vaccination among dentists: survey during the second wave in Brazil. J Appl Oral Sci 2022; 30:e20220016. [PMID: 36197403 PMCID: PMC9529204 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This cross-sectional study with dentists in Brazil assessed the COVID-19 incidence and severity, its vaccination status, and the level of confidence in vaccines in May 2021 (COVID-19 second wave). The medications used to prevent or treat COVID-19, including controversial substances (vitamin D, ivermectin, zinc, and chloroquine), were analyzed. Methodology Dentists were recruited by email and responded to a pretested questionnaire until May 31, 2021. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed (α=0.05). Prevalence ratios were calculated for the association between professional characteristics and two outcomes: SARS-CoV-2 infection and use of controversial substances. Results In total, 1,907 responses were received (return rate of 21.2%). One third of dentists reported intermediate levels of confidence in the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, but 96% had received at least one vaccine dose, mainly CoronaVac. The effect of the pandemic on dental practice was classified as lower/much lower, in comparison with the first wave, by 46% of participants. Moreover, 27% of dentists had already tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and about 50% had relatives or friends who had been hospitalized or died from COVID-19. At least one medication was used by 59% of participants and 43% used two or more substances. Vitamin D (41%), ivermectin (35%), and zinc (29%) were the most frequent substances. More experienced dentists (≥21 years of professional experience) were 42% more likely to use controversial substances than less experienced dentists. The prevalence of use of controversial substances was 30% higher among dentists with residency or advanced training, such as postgraduate degrees, in comparison with participants holding MSc or PhD degrees. Participants with low confidence in vaccines were 2.1 times more likely to use controversial substances than participants with a very high confidence. Conclusion The results of this study show the high severity of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and raised questions about the use of scientific evidence by dentists in their decision to use controversial substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R MORAES
- Universidade Federal de PelotasBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Brasil.
| | - Marcos B CORREA
- Universidade Federal de PelotasBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Brasil.
| | | | - Giana S LIMA
- Universidade Federal de PelotasBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Brasil.
| | - Flavio F DEMARCO
- Universidade Federal de PelotasBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Brasil.
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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Antibiotic Prescribing by Dentists in Galicia, Spain: A Quasi-Experimental Approach. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081018. [PMID: 36009887 PMCID: PMC9404831 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Antibiotic resistance is one of the most pressing public health problems. Health authorities, patients, and health professionals, including dentists, are all involved in its development. COVID-19 pandemic restrictions on dental care may have had repercussions on antibiotic prescribing by dentists. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic prescribing by dentists, and to review antibiotic consumption according to the WHO Access, Watch, Reserve classification. We conducted a natural, before-and-after, quasi-experimental study, using antibiotic prescription data covering the period from January 2017 to May 2021. A segmented regression analysis with interrupted time series data was used to analyse the differences between the numbers of defined daily doses (DDD) of antibiotics prescribed monthly. The outcomes showed an immediate significant decrease in overall antibiotic prescribing by primary-care dentists during lockdown, followed by a non-significant upward trend for the next year. This same pattern was, likewise, observed for Access and Watch antibiotics. COVID-19 pandemic restrictions on dental care influenced the prescription of antibiotics. During confinement, an initial decrease was observed, this trend changed when in person consultations were recovered. It might be beneficial to analyse the prescription of antibiotics using the WHO AWaRe classification, in order to monitor their appropriate use.
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