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Lubachowski M, VanGenderen C, Valentine S, Belak Z, Davies GF, Arnason TG, Harkness TAA. Activation of the Anaphase Promoting Complex Restores Impaired Mitotic Progression and Chemosensitivity in Multiple Drug-Resistant Human Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1755. [PMID: 38730707 PMCID: PMC11083742 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) cancer all too often signals the need for toxic alternative therapy or palliative care. Our recent in vivo and in vitro studies using canine MDR lymphoma cancer cells demonstrate that the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) is impaired in MDR cells compared to normal canine control and drug-sensitive cancer cells. Here, we sought to establish whether this phenomena is a generalizable mechanism independent of species, malignancy type, or chemotherapy regime. To test the association of blunted APC activity with MDR cancer behavior, we used matched parental and MDR MCF7 human breast cancer cells, and a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of human triple-negative breast cancer. We show that APC activating mechanisms, such as APC subunit 1 (APC1) phosphorylation and CDC27/CDC20 protein associations, are reduced in MCF7 MDR cells when compared to chemo-sensitive matched cell lines. Consistent with impaired APC function in MDR cells, APC substrate proteins failed to be effectively degraded. Similar to our previous observations in canine MDR lymphoma cells, chemical activation of the APC using Mad2 Inhibitor-1 (M2I-1) in MCF7 MDR cells enhanced APC substrate degradation and resensitized MDR cells in vitro to the cytotoxic effects of the alkylating chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (DOX). Using cell cycle arrest/release experiments, we show that mitosis is delayed in MDR cells with elevated substrate levels. When pretreated with M2I-1, MDR cells progress through mitosis at a faster rate that coincides with reduced levels of APC substrates. In our PDX model, mice growing a clinically MDR human triple-negative breast cancer tumor show significantly reduced tumor growth when treated with M2I-1, with evidence of increased DNA damage and apoptosis. Thus, our results strongly support the hypothesis that APC impairment is a driver of aggressive tumor development and that targeting the APC for activation has the potential for meaningful clinical benefits in treating recurrent cases of MDR malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Lubachowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (M.L.); (Z.B.); (G.F.D.)
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Cordell VanGenderen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (C.V.); (S.V.); (T.G.A.)
| | - Sarah Valentine
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (C.V.); (S.V.); (T.G.A.)
| | - Zach Belak
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (M.L.); (Z.B.); (G.F.D.)
| | - Gerald Floyd Davies
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (M.L.); (Z.B.); (G.F.D.)
| | - Terra Gayle Arnason
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (C.V.); (S.V.); (T.G.A.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Troy Anthony Alan Harkness
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (M.L.); (Z.B.); (G.F.D.)
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
- 320 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, 11207-87 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
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2
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Chen Y, Yang P, Wang J, Gao S, Xiao S, Zhang W, Zhu M, Wang Y, Ke X, Jing H. p53 directly downregulates the expression of CDC20 to exert anti-tumor activity in mantle cell lymphoma. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:28. [PMID: 36882855 PMCID: PMC9990225 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell cycle dysregulation characterized by cyclin D1 overexpression is common in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), while mitotic disorder was less studied. Cell division cycle 20 homologue (CDC20), an essential mitotic regulator, was highly expressed in various tumors. Another common abnormality in MCL is p53 inactivation. Little was known about the role of CDC20 in MCL tumorigenesis and the regulatory relationship between p53 and CDC20 in MCL. METHODS CDC20 expression was detected in MCL patients and MCL cell lines harboring mutant p53 (Jeko and Mino cells) and wild-type p53 (Z138 and JVM2 cells). Z138 and JVM2 cells were treated with CDC20 inhibitor apcin, p53 agonist nutlin-3a, or in combination, and then cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell cycle, cell migration and invasion were determined by CCK-8, flow cytometry and Transwell assays. The regulatory mechanism between p53 and CDC20 was revealed by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and CUT&Tag technology. The anti-tumor effect, safety and tolerability of nutlin-3a and apcin were investigated in vivo in the Z138-driven xenograft tumor model. RESULTS CDC20 was overexpressed in MCL patients and cell lines compared with their respective controls. The typical immunohistochemical marker of MCL patients, cyclin D1, was positively correlated with CDC20 expression. CDC20 high expression indicated unfavorable clinicopathological features and poor prognosis in MCL patients. In Z138 and JVM2 cells, either apcin or nutlin-3a treatment could inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induce cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. GEO analysis, RT-qPCR and WB results showed that p53 expression was negatively correlated with CDC20 expression in MCL patients, Z138 and JVM2 cells, while this relationship was not observed in p53-mutant cells. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and CUT&Tag assay revealed mechanistically that CDC20 was transcriptionally repressed by p53 through directly binding p53 to CDC20 promoter from - 492 to + 101 bp. Moreover, combined treatment of nutlin-3a and apcin showed better anti-tumor effect than single treatment in Z138 and JVM2 cells. Administration of nutlin-3a/apcin alone or in combination confirmed their efficacy and safety in tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study validates the essential role of p53 and CDC20 in MCL tumorigenesis, and provides a new insight for MCL therapeutics through dual-targeting p53 and CDC20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingtong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shiyu Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weilong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mingxia Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ke
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Hongmei Jing
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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3
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Greil C, Engelhardt M, Wäsch R. The Role of the APC/C and Its Coactivators Cdh1 and Cdc20 in Cancer Development and Therapy. Front Genet 2022; 13:941565. [PMID: 35832196 PMCID: PMC9273091 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.941565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To sustain genomic stability by correct DNA replication and mitosis, cell cycle progression is tightly controlled by the cyclic activity of cyclin-dependent kinases, their binding to cyclins in the respective phase and the regulation of cyclin levels by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The spindle assembly checkpoint plays an important role at the metaphase-anaphase transition to ensure a correct separation of sister chromatids before cytokinesis and to initiate mitotic exit, as an incorrect chromosome distribution may lead to genetically unstable cells and tumorigenesis. The ubiquitin ligase anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) is essential for these processes by mediating the proteasomal destruction of cyclins and other important cell cycle regulators. To this end, it interacts with the two regulatory subunits Cdh1 and Cdc20. Both play a role in tumorigenesis with Cdh1 being a tumor suppressor and Cdc20 an oncogene. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the APC/C-regulators Cdh1 and Cdc20 in tumorigenesis and potential targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Bruno S, Ghelli Luserna di Rorà A, Napolitano R, Soverini S, Martinelli G, Simonetti G. CDC20 in and out of mitosis: a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:159. [PMID: 35490245 PMCID: PMC9055704 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell division cycle 20 homologue (CDC20) is a well-known regulator of cell cycle, as it controls the correct segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. Many studies have focused on the biological role of CDC20 in cancer development, as alterations of its functionality have been linked to genomic instability and evidence demonstrated that high CDC20 expression levels are associated with poor overall survival in solid cancers. More recently, novel CDC20 functions have been demonstrated or suggested, including the regulation of apoptosis and stemness properties and a correlation with immune cell infiltration. Here, we here summarize and discuss the role of CDC20 inside and outside mitosis, starting from its network of interacting proteins. In the last years, CDC20 has also attracted more interest in the blood cancer field, being overexpressed and showing an association with prognosis both in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. Preclinical findings showed that selective CDC20 and APC/CCDC20/APC/CCDH1 inhibitors, namely Apcin and proTAME, are effective against lymphoma and multiple myeloma cells, resulting in mitotic arrest and apoptosis and synergizing with clinically-relevant drugs. The evidence and hypothesis presented in this review provide the input for further biological and chemical studies aiming to dissect novel potential CDC20 roles and targeting strategies in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bruno
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghelli Luserna di Rorà
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy.
| | - Roberta Napolitano
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Simona Soverini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
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5
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Etemad-Moghadam S, Ghaseminejad-Bandpey A, Mahmoodzadeh H, Alaeddini M. Clinicopathologic significance of DNA replication licensing factors in head and neck diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022; 133:462-469. [PMID: 35153182 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) harbors defects in the proliferation pathway. We performed multiparameter analysis of proteins expressed during different cell cycle phases and correlated them with clinical parameters of head and neck DLBCLs. STUDY DESIGN Thirty-nine DLBCLs were staged and immunohistochemically stained with MCM2, Ki67, and geminin. The receiver operating characteristic curve and its area under the curve were calculated, and sensitivity vs specificity curve analysis was performed. RESULTS The highest labeling index was in MCM2, followed by Ki67 and geminin (P < .001). All pairs showed significant differences (P < .001). The best cutoff points to differentiate limited from advanced disease were 68% and 45% for MCM2 and Ki67, respectively. There was no acceptable cutoff for geminin (area under the curve = 0.667, P = .134). MCM2/Ki67 (P = .293) and geminin/Ki67 (P = .233) ratios did not differ between the stages. The median (interquartile range) of the geminin/Ki67 ratio was 0.57 (0.68), translating to a reduced G1. CONCLUSIONS We suggest a role for cell cycle-related proteins in the biology and behavior of DLBCLs. MCM2 and Ki67 cutoffs can be a potential option to differentiate limited from advanced disease, where imaging and laboratory techniques are unavailable. The G1 decrease and the significantly higher MCM2 expression compared to Ki67 indicate replication disturbances, making factors involved in the G1 phase targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Alaeddini
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
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A Set of 17 microRNAs Common for Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid Differentiates Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma from Non-Malignant Brain Tumors. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091395. [PMID: 34572608 PMCID: PMC8466839 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, which is predominantly of the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma type (CNS DLBCL), is challenging. MicroRNAs (miRs) are gene expression-regulating non-coding RNAs that are potential biomarkers. We aimed to distinguish miR expression patterns differentiating CNS DLBCL and non-malignant CNS diseases with tumor presentation (n-ML). Next generation sequencing-based miR profiling of cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) and brain tumors was performed. Sample source-specific (CSF vs. brain tumor) miR patterns were revealed. Even so, a set of 17 miRs differentiating CNS DLBCL from n-ML, no matter if assessed in CSF or in a tumor, was identified. Along with the results of pathway analyses, this suggests their pathogenic role in CNS DLBCL. A combination of just four of those miRs (miR-16-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-423-5p), assessed in CSFs, discriminated CNS DLBCL from n-ML samples with 100% specificity and 67.0% sensitivity. Analyses of paired CSF-tumor samples from patients with CNS DLBCL showed significantly lower CSF levels of miR-26a, and higher CSF levels of miR-15a-5p, miR-15b-5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-106b-3p, miR-221-3p, and miR-423-5p. Noteworthy, the same miRs belonged to the abovementioned set differentiating CNS DLBCL from non-malignant CNS diseases. Our results not only add to the basic knowledge, but also hold significant translational potential.
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Ashrafi F, Ghezeldasht SA, Ghobadi MZ. Identification of joint gene players implicated in the pathogenesis of HTLV-1 and BLV through a comprehensive system biology analysis. Microb Pathog 2021; 160:105153. [PMID: 34419613 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) are oncogenic viruses that induce adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), respectively. HTLV-1 principally infects CD4+ T cells comprising regulatory T cells (Tregs), T helper 1 (Th1), and T helper 2 (Th2), while BLV infects B lymphocytes. Both viruses may impel cell proliferation and malignancy. METHODS To survey the transcriptomic variations due to HTLV-1 and BLV infection and further hematologic malignancies, differential expression genes (DEGs) were explored between leukemia and normal samples using the DESeq2 package. Gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) were then performed to identify significant gene sets using the FGSEA package. Afterward, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were reconstructed using the STRING online database. Eventually, the hub significant genes and modules were determined through network analysis and MCODE algorithm, respectively. RESULTS Our results uncloaked that four common functional gene sets including mitotic-spindle, G2M-checkpoint, E2F-targets, and MYC-targets-V1 are involved in the human and ovine hosts. Furthermore, twelve up-regulated hub genes including BIRC5, CCNA2, CCNB2, BUB1, DLGAP5, TOP2A, PBK, ASPM, UBE2C, CEP55, KIF20A, and NUSAP1 were identified which were similarly activated in both human and ovine hosts. They mostly participate in pathways including cell cycle, cell division, DNA damage responses, growth factors production, and p53 signaling pathway. The dysregulated hub genes and pathways seem to be involved in the development and progression of the infected cells toward malignancy. CONCLUSION There is common gene groups between HTLV-1 and BLV infections that promote viral malignancy through enhancing cell proliferation and overall survival of cancer cells. The dysregulated genes and pathways may be the efficient candidates for the therapy of the mentioned life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ashrafi
- Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezeldasht
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Zarei Ghobadi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Serrano-Del Valle A, Reina-Ortiz C, Benedi A, Anel A, Naval J, Marzo I. Future prospects for mitosis-targeted antitumor therapies. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114655. [PMID: 34129859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of cell cycle progression is a hallmark of cancer cells. In recent years, efforts have been devoted to the development of new therapies that target proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and mitosis. Novel targeted antimitotic drugs include inhibitors of aurora kinase family, polo-like kinase 1, Mps1, Eg5, CENP-5 and the APC/cyclosome complex. While certain new inhibitors reached the clinical trial stage, most were discontinued due to negative results. However, these therapies should not be readily dismissed. Based on recent advances concerning their mechanisms of action, new strategies could be devised to increase their efficacy and promote further clinical trials. Here we discuss three main lines of action to empower these therapeutic approaches: increasing cell death signals during mitotic arrest, targeting senescent cells and facilitating antitumor immune response through immunogenic cell death (ICD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chantal Reina-Ortiz
- Dept. Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza and IIS Aragón, Spain
| | - Andrea Benedi
- Dept. Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza and IIS Aragón, Spain
| | - Alberto Anel
- Dept. Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza and IIS Aragón, Spain
| | - Javier Naval
- Dept. Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza and IIS Aragón, Spain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Dept. Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza and IIS Aragón, Spain.
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Li X, Bao H, Li G, Li N, Li H, Dou J. Connection Between CDC20 Expression and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prognosis. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e926760. [PMID: 33788826 PMCID: PMC8020723 DOI: 10.12659/msm.926760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs frequently in China, with high morbidity and mortality. Cell division cycle 20 homolog (CDC20) is reportedly related to many cancers. In this study, we discuss a potential link of CDC20 expression to HCC patients’ prognoses. Material/Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to assess CDC20 expression in HCC and the paired noncancerous tissues. Chi-square analysis was used to assess potential association of CDC20 expression with clinicopathologic profiles among HCC patients. The overall survival for HCC patients with different CDC20 expressions was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. To evaluate the prognostic value for HCC patients, Cox regression analyses were performed. Results The expression of CDC20 was elevated among HCC specimens compared with adjacent noncancerous ones (P<0.05). The expression of CDC20 was significantly related to differentiation (P<0.001), tumor node metastasis stage (P<0.001), and lymphatic metastasis (P<0.001). Moreover, HCC patients with high CDC20 expression had dismal overall survival rates compared with low CDC20 expression (P<0.05). CDC20 alone could forecast HCC prognoses according to multivariable Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio=2.354, 95% confidence interval=1.177–4.709, P=0.016). Conclusions Overexpressed CDC20 may act as a reliable biomarker for dismal prognoses among HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xianjun Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xinguo Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Hongbing Bao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Hengli Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
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10
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Sun C, Li M, Feng Y, Sun F, Zhang L, Xu Y, Lu S, Zhu J, Huang J, Wang J, Hu Y, Zhang Y. MDM2-P53 Signaling Pathway-Mediated Upregulation of CDC20 Promotes Progression of Human Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10475-10487. [PMID: 33116627 PMCID: PMC7575066 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s253758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell-division cycle 20 (CDC20) is overexpressed in a variety of tumor cells and is negatively regulated by wild-type p53 (wtp53). Our previous study uncovered that CDC20 was upregulated and associated with poor outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) based on bioinformatics analysis. Dysregulation of the MDM2-p53 is a major mechanism to promote DLBCL. Thus, we hypothesized that CDC20 could be a downstream gene of the MDM2-p53 signaling pathway. However, the clinical significance and mechanistic role of a novel MDM2-p53-CDC20 signaling pathway in DLBCL have still remained unclear. Materials and Methods RT-qPCR was performed in MDM2 knocked down (KD) and control (Ctrl) OCI-Ly3/OCI-Ly10 cells to investigate whether CDC20 was a downstream gene of the MDM2-p53 pathway. The effects of CDC20 on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed, as well as the role of CDC20 in suppressing tumorigenicity in vivo. Furthermore, we also investigated the roles of CDC20 and MDM2 in progression of DLBCL and the underlying mechanisms. Results The results of RT-qPCR revealed that CDC20 was downregulated while TP53 was upregulated in MDM2 KD OCI-Ly3 and OCI-Ly10 cells. It was unveiled that the expression levels of CDC20 and MDM2 were upregulated in DLBCL tissues and cells, and high CDC20 expression was correlated with adverse clinical features and poor outcome. Functional assays showed that downregulation of CDC20 could inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro. In addition, inactivation of the MDM2-p53 pathway by downregulation of MDM2 restored wtp53 expression level and reduced CDC20 protein level in OCI-Ly3 and OCI-Ly10 cells. Besides, targeting CDC20 was found to suppress tumorigenesis of DLBCL in vivo. Conclusion CDC20 was identified as a key downstream gene of the MDM2-p53 signaling pathway in DLBCL and may be used as a novel target gene to guide therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengtao Sun
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhen Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfen Feng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Sun
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Xu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Suying Lu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junting Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhuo Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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APC/C ubiquitin ligase: Functions and mechanisms in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:80-91. [PMID: 32165320 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The anaphase promoting complex/ cyclosome (APC/C), is an evolutionarily conserved protein complex essential for cellular division due to its role in regulating the mitotic transition from metaphase to anaphase. In this review, we highlight recent work that has shed light on our understanding of the role of APC/C coactivators, Cdh1 and Cdc20, in cancer initiation and development. We summarize the current state of knowledge regarding APC/C structure and function, as well as the distinct ways Cdh1 and Cdc20 are dysregulated in human cancer. We also discuss APC/C inhibitors, novel approaches for targeting the APC/C as a cancer therapy, and areas for future work.
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Radonova L, Svobodova T, Skultety M, Mrkva O, Libichova L, Stein P, Anger M. ProTAME Arrest in Mammalian Oocytes and Embryos Does Not Require Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184537. [PMID: 31540287 PMCID: PMC6770151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In both mitosis and meiosis, metaphase to anaphase transition requires the activity of a ubiquitin ligase known as anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). The activation of APC/C in metaphase is under the control of the checkpoint mechanism, called the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which monitors the correct attachment of all kinetochores to the spindle. It has been shown previously in somatic cells that exposure to a small molecule inhibitor, prodrug tosyl-l-arginine methyl ester (proTAME), resulted in cell cycle arrest in metaphase, with low APC/C activity. Interestingly, some reports have also suggested that the activity of SAC is required for this arrest. We focused on the characterization of proTAME inhibition of cell cycle progression in mammalian oocytes and embryos. Our results show that mammalian oocytes and early cleavage embryos show dose-dependent metaphase arrest after exposure to proTAME. However, in comparison to the somatic cells, we show here that the proTAME-induced arrest in these cells does not require SAC activity. Our results revealed important differences between mammalian oocytes and early embryos and somatic cells in their requirements of SAC for APC/C inhibition. In comparison to the somatic cells, oocytes and embryos show much higher frequency of aneuploidy. Our results are therefore important for understanding chromosome segregation control mechanisms, which might contribute to the premature termination of development or severe developmental and mental disorders of newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Radonova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Svobodova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Skultety
- Central European Institute of Technology, Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Cellular Imaging Core Facility, Central European Institute CEITEC Masaryk University, 624 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Mrkva
- Central European Institute of Technology, Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Libichova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Paula Stein
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Martin Anger
- Central European Institute of Technology, Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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