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Pauerova T, Radonova L, Kovacovicova K, Novakova L, Skultety M, Anger M. Aneuploidy during the onset of mouse embryo development. Reproduction 2021; 160:773-782. [PMID: 33065541 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy is the most frequent single cause leading into the termination of early development in human and animal reproduction. Although the mouse is frequently used as a model organism for studying the aneuploidy, we have only incomplete information about the frequency of numerical chromosomal aberrations throughout development, usually limited to a particular stage or assumed from the occurrence of micronuclei. In our study, we systematically scored aneuploidy in in vivo mouse embryos, from zygotes up to 16-cell stage, using kinetochore counting assay. We show here that the frequency of aneuploidy per blastomere remains relatively similar from zygotes until 8-cell embryos and then increases in 16-cell embryos. Due to the accumulation of blastomeres, aneuploidy per embryo increases gradually during this developmental period. Our data also revealed that the aneuploidy from zygotes and 2-cell embryos does not propagate further into later developmental stages, suggesting that embryos suffering from aneuploidy are eliminated at this stage. Experiments with reconstituted live embryos revealed, that hyperploid blastomeres survive early development, although they exhibit slower cell cycle progression and suffer frequently from DNA fragmentation and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Pauerova
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Central European Institute of Technology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Radonova
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Central European Institute of Technology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Kovacovicova
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Central European Institute of Technology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Novakova
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Central European Institute of Technology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Skultety
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Central European Institute of Technology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Anger
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Central European Institute of Technology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
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Radonova L, Svobodova T, Skultety M, Mrkva O, Libichova L, Stein P, Anger M. ProTAME Arrest in Mammalian Oocytes and Embryos Does Not Require Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184537. [PMID: 31540287 PMCID: PMC6770151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In both mitosis and meiosis, metaphase to anaphase transition requires the activity of a ubiquitin ligase known as anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). The activation of APC/C in metaphase is under the control of the checkpoint mechanism, called the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which monitors the correct attachment of all kinetochores to the spindle. It has been shown previously in somatic cells that exposure to a small molecule inhibitor, prodrug tosyl-l-arginine methyl ester (proTAME), resulted in cell cycle arrest in metaphase, with low APC/C activity. Interestingly, some reports have also suggested that the activity of SAC is required for this arrest. We focused on the characterization of proTAME inhibition of cell cycle progression in mammalian oocytes and embryos. Our results show that mammalian oocytes and early cleavage embryos show dose-dependent metaphase arrest after exposure to proTAME. However, in comparison to the somatic cells, we show here that the proTAME-induced arrest in these cells does not require SAC activity. Our results revealed important differences between mammalian oocytes and early embryos and somatic cells in their requirements of SAC for APC/C inhibition. In comparison to the somatic cells, oocytes and embryos show much higher frequency of aneuploidy. Our results are therefore important for understanding chromosome segregation control mechanisms, which might contribute to the premature termination of development or severe developmental and mental disorders of newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Radonova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Svobodova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Skultety
- Central European Institute of Technology, Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Cellular Imaging Core Facility, Central European Institute CEITEC Masaryk University, 624 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Mrkva
- Central European Institute of Technology, Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Libichova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Paula Stein
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Martin Anger
- Central European Institute of Technology, Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Kluger R, Burgstaller J, Vogl C, Brem G, Skultety M, Mueller S. Candidate gene approach identifies six SNPs in tenascin-C (TNC) associated with degenerative rotator cuff tears. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:894-901. [PMID: 27248364 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence for a heritable predisposition to rotator cuff tears (RCTs) is growing. Unrelated Caucasian individuals with surgically diagnosed full thickness RCTs (cases) and elderly Caucasian controls with intact rotator cuffs were screened for differences at the candidate genes: TNC, Col5A1, TIMP-1, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13. A first cohort (59 cases; 32 controls) was genotyped with the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX system. Of 142 SNPs within about 67-kbp of the TNC gene, 30 were tested for differences in proportions between cases and controls. A second, matched cohort (96 patients; 44 controls) was also genotyped for the same 30 SNPs, but with the KASP™ genotyping technology. Combining the two cohorts and after Bonferroni correction, six SNPs were significantly associated with RCT. Compared to controls, RCT patients showed a significantly higher rate of homozygosity at rs72758637, rs7021589, and rs1138545; a significantly higher rate of heterozygosity at rs10759753, rs3789870, and rs7035322 and a higher minor allele frequency at rs3789870. Rs1138545, a missense SNP in exon10 might be of biological significance because it varies the amino acid sequence close to the TNC-FNIII5 domain. The FNIII5 domain binds multiple growth factors and co-ligates with integrins during tendon healing. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:894-901, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Kluger
- Orthopedic Department of SMZOst Donauspital, Langobardenstrasse 122, A-1220, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joerg Burgstaller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Biotechnology in Animal Production, Department IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Claus Vogl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Brem
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Biotechnology in Animal Production, Department IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Michal Skultety
- Orthopedic Department of SMZOst Donauspital, Langobardenstrasse 122, A-1220, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Mueller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
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Novakova L, Kovacovicova K, Dang-Nguyen TQ, Sodek M, Skultety M, Anger M. A Balance between Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Volumes Controls Spindle Length. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149535. [PMID: 26886125 PMCID: PMC4757572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper assembly of the spindle apparatus is crucially important for faithful chromosome segregation during anaphase. Thanks to the effort over the last decades, we have very detailed information about many events leading to spindle assembly and chromosome segregation, however we still do not understand certain aspects, including, for example, spindle length control. When tight regulation of spindle size is lost, chromosome segregation errors emerge. Currently, there are several hypotheses trying to explain the molecular mechanism of spindle length control. The number of kinetochores, activity of molecular rulers, intracellular gradients, cell size, limiting spindle components, and the balance of the spindle forces seem to contribute to spindle size regulation, however some of these mechanisms are likely specific to a particular cell type. In search for a general regulatory mechanism, in our study we focused on the role of cell size and nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio in this process. To this end, we used relatively large cells isolated from 2-cell mouse embryos. Our results showed that the spindle size upper limit is not reached in these cells and suggest that accurate control of spindle length requires balanced ratio between nuclear and cytoplasmic volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Novakova
- Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, Rumburska 89, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Kovacovicova
- Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, Rumburska 89, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Thanh Quang Dang-Nguyen
- Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Sodek
- Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, Rumburska 89, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Skultety
- Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Anger
- Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, Rumburska 89, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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