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Barclay NL, Burn E, Delmestri A, Duarte-Salles T, Golozar A, Man WY, Tan EH, Tietzova I, Prieto-Alhambra D, Newby D. Trends in incidence, prevalence, and survival of breast cancer in the United Kingdom from 2000 to 2021. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19069. [PMID: 39153995 PMCID: PMC11330450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in females globally. However, we know relatively little about trends in males. This study describes United Kingdom (UK) secular trends in breast cancer from 2000 to 2021 for both sexes. We describe a population-based cohort study using UK primary care Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD and Aurum databases. There were 5,848,436 eligible females and 5,539,681 males aged 18+ years, with ≥ one year of prior data availability in the study period. We estimated crude breast cancer incidence rates (IR), prevalence and survival probability at one-, five- and 10-years after diagnosis using the Kaplan-Meier method. Analyses were further stratified by age. Crude IR of breast cancer from 2000 to 2021 was 194.4 per 100,000 person-years for females and 1.16 for males. Crude prevalence in 2021 was 2.1% for females and 0.009% for males. Both sexes have seen around a 2.5-fold increase in prevalence across time. Incidence increased with age for both sexes, peaking in females aged 60-69 years and males 90+ . There was a drop in incidence for females aged 70-79 years. From 2003-2019, incidence increased > twofold in younger females (aged 18-29: IR 2.12 in 2003 vs. 4.58 in 2018); decreased in females aged 50-69 years; and further declined from 2015 onwards in females aged 70-89 years. Survival probability for females after one-, five-, and ten-years after diagnosis was 95.1%, 80.2%, and 68.4%, and for males 92.9%, 69.0%, and 51.3%. Survival probability at one-year increased by 2.08% points, and survival at five years increased by 5.39% from 2000-2004 to 2015-2019 for females, particularly those aged 50-70 years. For males, there were no clear time-trends for short-term and long-term survival probability. Changes in incidence of breast cancer in females largely reflect the success of screening programmes, as rates rise and fall in synchronicity with ages of eligibility for such programmes. Overall survival from breast cancer for females has improved from 2000 to 2021, again reflecting the success of screening programmes, early diagnosis, and improvements in treatments. Male breast cancer patients have worse survival outcomes compared to females, highlighting the need to develop male-specific diagnosis and treatment strategies to improve long-term survival in line with females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Barclay
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Edward Burn
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Antonella Delmestri
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- Fundació Institut Universitari Per a La Recerca a L'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Asieh Golozar
- Odysseus Data Service, Cambridge, MA, USA
- OHDSI Center at the Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wai Yi Man
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Eng Hooi Tan
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Ilona Tietzova
- First Department of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 1660/32, 121 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Danielle Newby
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
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Gao Y, Zhang M, Sun G, Ma L, Nie J, Yuan Z, Liu Z, Cao Y, Li J, Liu Q, Ye S, Chen B, Song Y, Wang K, Ren Y, Ye G, Xu L, Liu S, Chen Q, Li W, Chen X, Fu P, Wei W, Guo B, Wang H, Cai Z, Du C, Wu Z, Zha X, Huang H, Xu J, Zhang C, Shi Y, Liu T, Liu S, Jiang Z, Lin Y. The features of male breast cancer in China: A real-world study. Breast 2024; 76:103762. [PMID: 38924994 PMCID: PMC11259957 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2024.103762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease. Although several large-scale studies have investigated MBC patients in other countries, the features of MBC patients in China have not been fully explored. This study aims to explore the features of Chinese MBC patients comprehensively. METHODS We retrospectively collected data of MBC patients from 36 centers in China. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox regression analyses. Multivariate Cox analyses were used to identify independent prognostic factors of the patients. RESULTS In total, 1119 patients were included. The mean age at diagnosis was 60.9 years, and a significant extension over time was observed (P < 0.001). The majority of the patients (89.1 %) received mastectomy. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed in 7.8 % of the patients diagnosed in 2009 or earlier, and this percentage increased significantly to 38.8 % in 2020 or later (P < 0.001). The five-year OS rate for the population was 85.5 % [95 % confidence interval (CI), 82.8 %-88.4 %]. Multivariate Cox analysis identified taxane-based [T-based, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.32, 95 % CI, 0.13 to 0.78, P = 0.012] and anthracycline plus taxane-based (A + T-based, HR = 0.47, 95 % CI, 0.23 to 0.96, P = 0.037) regimens as independent protective factors for OS. However, the anthracycline-based regimen showed no significance in outcome (P = 0.175). CONCLUSION As the most extensive MBC study in China, we described the characteristics, treatment and prognosis of Chinese MBC population comprehensively. T-based and A + T-based regimens were protective factors for OS in these patients. More research is required for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Gao
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Jianyun Nie
- Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China.
| | - Zhongyu Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yali Cao
- Prevention and Cure Center of Breast Disease, The Third Hospital of Nanchang City, Nanchang, China.
| | - Jianbin Li
- The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Songqing Ye
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- The Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yuhua Song
- Breast Center B Ward, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Guolin Ye
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Qianjun Chen
- Department of Breast Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Weiwen Li
- Department of Breast, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China.
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Breast Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Peifen Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Baoliang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, China.
| | - Hebing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming, China.
| | | | - Caiwen Du
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Breast Diseases, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China.
| | - Xiaoming Zha
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Heng Huang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Lianjiang Pepole's Hospital, Lianjiang, China.
| | - Juan Xu
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chenglei Zhang
- Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Yingying Shi
- Department of Breast Disease, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai City, China.
| | - Ting Liu
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Sihua Liu
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zefei Jiang
- The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Lin
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Sai Manogna K, Deva Prasad Raju B, Rajasekhara Reddy G, Kallem P, Shaik MI, John Sushma N. Investigations on anticancer activity of Eu 3+ doped hydroxyapatite nanocomposites against MCF7 and 4T1 breast cancer cell lines: A structural and luminescence Perspective. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25064. [PMID: 38352738 PMCID: PMC10862524 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a significant global health concern, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic approaches. In this study, we investigate the role of Eu3+ doped hydroxyapatite nanocomposites (Han: Eu3+) in the treatment of MCF7 and 4T1 breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we explored the structural and luminescent properties of these nanocomposites. Han: Eu3+ were synthesized using a modified co-precipitation method, and their morphology and crystal structure were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) in which the average crystalline size of Han: Eu3+ was found to be 25 nm, rendering them suitable for cellular uptake and targeted therapy. To gain insights into the luminescent properties of Han: Eu3+, their excitation and emission spectra were recorded using photoluminescence spectrometer. The characteristic red emission of Eu3+ ions was observed upon excitation, validating the successful doping of Eu3+ into the Han lattice, which was confirmed by the CIE chromaticity coordinate study. These luminescent properties of Han: Eu3+ hold promise for potential applications in bioimaging. To evaluate the efficacy of Han: Eu3+ in breast cancer treatment, MCF7 and 4T1 cell lines were exposed to varying concentrations of the nanocomposites. Cell viability assays revealed a concentration-dependent reduction in cell viability, indicating the potential anticancer activity of Han: Eu3+. The findings of this study contribute to the expanding field of nanomedicine, bringing targeted breast cancer treatments and us closer to more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sai Manogna
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, (Women's University) Tirupati-517 502, India
| | - B Deva Prasad Raju
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517501, India
| | - G Rajasekhara Reddy
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Parashuram Kallem
- Environmental Health and Safety Program, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mannur Ismail Shaik
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, University Malaysia Terengganu, KulaNerus-21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - N John Sushma
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, (Women's University) Tirupati-517 502, India
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Vasconcelos de Matos L, Volovat S, Debiasi M, Cardoso F. Unfolding the role of the PI3K/AKT/MTOR pathway in male breast cancer: A pragmatic appraisal. Breast 2023; 72:103576. [PMID: 37696110 PMCID: PMC10507227 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2023.103576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer in men is rare, but a relevant public health issue, yielding a 25% higher risk of mortality comparing to female counterparts. The representation of males in clinical trials has been scarce and treatment decisions are based mainly on extrapolations from data in females. In the setting of estrogen-dependent metastatic disease, the use of everolimus has been seldom reported, although the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway seems to be a critical oncogenic driver. This paper dissects hallmark biological features of ER+/HER2-advanced male breast cancer, setting a comprehensive basis to promote personalized care, focusing on the potential of targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
| | - Marcio Debiasi
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre / Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fatima Cardoso
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre / Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
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Pharmacokinetics of Tamoxifen and Its Major Metabolites and the Effect of the African Ancestry Specific CYP2D6*17 Variant on the Formation of the Active Metabolite, Endoxifen. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020272. [PMID: 36836506 PMCID: PMC9961245 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is widely used in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. TAM is metabolized into the active secondary metabolite endoxifen (ENDO), primarily by CYP2D6. We aimed to investigate the effects of an African-specific CYP2D6 variant allele, CYP2D6*17, on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of TAM and its active metabolites in 42 healthy black Zimbabweans. Subjects were grouped based on CYP2D6 genotypes as CYP2D6*1/*1 or *1/*2 or *2/*2 (CYP2D6*1 or *2), CYP2D6*1/*17 or 2*/*17, and CYP2D6*17/*17. PK parameters for TAM and three metabolites were determined. The pharmacokinetics of ENDO showed statistically significant differences among the three groups. The mean ENDO AUC0-∞ in CYP2D6*17/*17 subjects was 452.01 (196.94) h·*ng/mL, and the AUC0-∞ in CYP2D6*1/*17 subjects was 889.74 h·ng/mL, which was 5-fold and 2.8-fold lower than in CYP2D6*1 or *2 subjects, respectively. Individuals who were heterozygous or homozygous for CYP2D6*17 alleles showed a 2- and 5-fold decrease in Cmax, respectively, compared to the CYP2D6*1 or *2 genotype. CYP2D6*17 gene carriers have significantly lower ENDO exposure levels than CYP2D6*1 or *2 gene carriers. Pharmacokinetic parameters of TAM and the two primary metabolites, N-desmethyl tamoxifen (NDT) and 4-hydroxy tamoxifen (4OHT), did not show any significant difference in the three genotype groups. The African-specific CYP2D6*17 variant had effects on ENDO exposure levels that could potentially have clinical implications for patients homozygous for this variant.
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Xin Y, Wang F, Ren D, Zhao F, Zhao J. Male Breast Cancer: Three Case Reports and a Literature Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2023; 23:2161-2169. [PMID: 37605409 DOI: 10.2174/1871520623666230821124008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Male breast cancer (MBC) accounts for 0.5%-1% of all breast cancers diagnosed worldwide. However, its biological characteristics can be distinguished from that of female breast cancer (FBC). CASE REPRESENTATION The diagnostic and treatment approaches for MBC are mainly similar to that of FBC due to the lack of male breast cancer-related studies, clinical trials, and literature. An increasing number of retrospective and prospective studies have been conducted to clarify the individualized care for MBC. Herein, we report three cases of advanced MBC to describe the diagnostic approaches, treatment process, and survival prognosis. CONCLUSION MBC patients had older age, later stage at first diagnosis, higher expression of hormone receptors, and poor prognosis. A literature review was conducted to determine the incidence, risk factors, disease features, diagnosis, treatment, survival, and management of MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Xin
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Pathology Department of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Dengfeng Ren
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Fuxing Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Jiuda Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
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Oi Yan Chan J, Moullet M, Williamson B, Arends RH, Pilla Reddy V. Harnessing Clinical Trial and Real-World Data Towards an Understanding of Sex Effects on Drug Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Efficacy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:874606. [PMID: 35734405 PMCID: PMC9207260 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.874606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing clinical data on sex-related differences in drug efficacy and toxicity has highlighted the importance of understanding the impact of sex on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Intrinsic differences between males and females, such as different CYP enzyme activity, drug transporter expression or levels of sex hormones can all contribute to different responses to medications. However, most studies do not include sex-specific investigations, leading to lack of sex-disaggregated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data. Based available literature, the potential influence of sex on exposure-response relationship has not been fully explored for many drugs used in clinical practice, though population-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling is well-placed to explore this effect. The aim of this review is to highlight existing knowledge gaps regarding the effect of sex on clinical outcomes, thereby proposing future research direction for the drugs with significant sex differences. Based on evaluated drugs encompassing all therapeutic areas, 25 drugs demonstrated a clinically meaningful sex differences in drug exposure (characterised by ≥ 50% change in drug exposure) and this altered PK was correlated with differential response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Oi Yan Chan
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Moullet
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rosalinda H. Arends
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Venkatesh Pilla Reddy
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Venkatesh Pilla Reddy,
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8
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Sabih QA, Young J, Takabe K. Management of Male Breast Cancer: The Journey so Far and Future Directions. World J Oncol 2022; 12:206-213. [PMID: 35059080 PMCID: PMC8734504 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Male breast cancer is now shown to be a unique entity and should be considered as a distinct disease. Given the relatively smaller number of cases, randomized controlled trials for treatment are extremely limited and majority of practices are derived from female breast cancer studies. This paper reviews available literature on surgical, radiation, and systemic therapies for male breast cancer, and discusses current practice recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quratulain Anna Sabih
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jessica Young
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.,Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402 Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-004, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510 Japan.,Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Malik JA, Ahmed S, Jan B, Bender O, Al Hagbani T, Alqarni A, Anwar S. Drugs repurposed: An advanced step towards the treatment of breast cancer and associated challenges. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112375. [PMID: 34863612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is mostly observed in women and is responsible for huge mortality in women subjects globally. Due to the continued development of drug resistance and other contributing factors, the scientific community needs to look for new alternatives, and drug repurposing is one of the best opportunities. Here we light upon the drug repurposing with a major focus on breast cancer. BC is a division of cancer known as the leading cause of death of 2.3 million women globally, with 685,000 fatalities. This number is steadily rising, necessitating the development of a treatment that can extend survival time. All available treatments for BC are very costly as well as show side effects. This unfulfilled requirement of the anti-cancer drugs ignited an enthusiasm for drug repositioning, which means finding out the anti-cancer use of already marketed drugs for other complications. With the advancement in proteomics, genomics, and computational approaches, the drug repurposing process hastens. So many drugs are repurposed for the BC, including alkylating agents, antimetabolite, anthracyclines, an aromatase inhibitor, mTOR, and many more. The drug resistance in breast cancer is rising, so reviewing how the challenges in breast cancer can be combated with drug repurposing. This paper provides the updated information on all the repurposed drugs candidates for breast cancer with the molecular mechanism responsible for their anti-tumor activity. Additionally, all the challenges that occur during the repurposing of the drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonaid Ahmad Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India; Department of Biomedical engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ropar, Punjab, India
| | - Sakeel Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, India
| | - Bisma Jan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Onur Bender
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turki Al Hagbani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aali Alqarni
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmacology unit, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
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The impact of G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor 1 on male breast cancer: a retrospective analysis. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2021; 25:204-212. [PMID: 34729041 PMCID: PMC8547179 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2021.110010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor 1 (GPER-1) is a potential prognostic marker in breast cancer. However, its role in male breast cancer (MBC) is still unknown. This study evaluates the expression of GPER-1 in MBC samples and correlates these data with clinical and pathological parameters including patients' survival. Material and methods For this retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained cohort of patients with MBC, we examined 161 specimens for GPER-1 expression using immunohistochemistry. An immunoreactive score (IRS) was calculated based on staining intensity and the percentage of positive tumour cells. Then, we correlated GPER-1 IRS with clinical and pathological parameters, and overall and relapse-free survival. Results About 40% of MBC samples were positive for GPER-1 expression (IRS ≥ 4). There was no significant correlation with clinicopathological parameters, such as hormone receptor status or grading. However, a statistical trend was observed for tumour size (≥ 2 cm, p = 0.093). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed no significant correlation with relapse-free survival. However, there was a significant correlation with overall survival, but when we adjusted the log-rank p-value to compensate for the cut-off point optimization method, it rose above 0.1. Additionally, GPER-1-positive patients were older at diagnosis. When adjusted for age by multivariable Cox regression analysis, the significance of GPER-1 status for survival was further reduced. Conclusions We found no significant prognostic value of GPER-1 in this MBC cohort as anticipated from studies on female BC. Future studies with higher sample size are needed to further verify a potential sex-specific role of GPER-1.
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Pizzato M, Carioli G, Bertuccio P, Malvezzi M, Levi F, Boffetta P, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Trends in male breast cancer mortality: a global overview. Eur J Cancer Prev 2021; 30:472-479. [PMID: 33470692 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent trends in male breast cancer have been inadequately studied. We updated mortality trends in selected countries and regions worldwide using most recent available data and we predicted figures for 2020. METHODS We extracted official death certification data for male breast cancer and population estimates from the WHO and the Pan American Health Organization databases, from 2000 to 2017. We computed age-standardized (world population) death rates for selected countries and regions worldwide. We used joinpoint regression analysis to identify significant changes in trends and to predict death numbers and rates for 2020. RESULTS In 2015-2017, Central-Eastern Europe had a rate of 2.85/1 000 000, and Russia of 2.22, ranking among the highest. North-Western and Southern Europe, the European Union as a whole and the USA showed rates ranging between 1.5 and 2.0. Lower rates were observed in most Latin American countries, with values below 1.35/1 000 000, in Australia, 1.22, and Japan, 0.58. Between 2000-2004 and 2015-2017, age-adjusted death rates decreased between 10 and 40% in North-Western Europe, Russia, and the USA, and between 1.5 and 25% in the other areas under study, except Latin America (+0.8%). Except for Central-Eastern Europe, predicted rates for 2020 were favourable. CONCLUSION Advancements in management are likely the main drivers of the favourable trends in male breast cancer death rates over the last decades. Delayed diagnosis and limited access to effective care explain the higher mortality in some areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greta Carioli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health
| | - Paola Bertuccio
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Levi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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12
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Lin AP, Huang TW, Tam KW. Treatment of male breast cancer: meta-analysis of real-world evidence. Br J Surg 2021; 108:1034-1042. [PMID: 34476472 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is rare in men and managed by extrapolating from breast cancer in women. The clinicopathological features of male breast cancer, however, differ from those of female breast cancer. Because clinical trials are rare, the synthesis of real-world data is one method of integrating sufficient evidence on the optimal treatment for this patient population. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Clinical studies were included if they evaluated the treatments of interest in male breast cancer; these evaluations included breast-conserving surgery (BCS) versus mastectomy, postmastectomy radiation therapy versus no radiation, the accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), and a comparison of various endocrine therapies. RESULTS Forty studies were retrieved. The pooled estimate of overall survival (OS) revealed no difference between BCS and mastectomy groups. Postmastectomy radiation to the chest wall significantly increased OS relative to no postmastectomy radiation (hazard ratio (HR) 0.67, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.54 to 0.84). The pooled estimates of identification and false-negative rates of SLNB were 97.4 and 7.4 per cent respectively. Tamoxifen treatment was associated with significantly increased OS compared with no tamoxifen intake (HR 0.62, 0.41 to 0.95). CONCLUSION Identification and false-negative rates for SLNB were comparable to those in female breast cancer. Breast-conserving surgery can be effective and safe; postmastectomy radiation to the chest wall and 5-year tamoxifen treatment improves survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T-W Huang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K-W Tam
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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13
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Zhang H, Lin W, Chen D, Wang K, Tu W, Lin H, Li K, Ye S, Guan T, Chen Y. Cardiovascular and Other Competing Causes of Death in Male Breast Cancer Patients: A Population-Based Epidemiologic Study. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:1393-1401. [PMID: 34321871 PMCID: PMC8312508 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s314689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease that tends to occur in elderly men. Little is known about the causes of death in MBC because of the small sample size of most studies. This study aimed to investigate the causes of death in MBC patients. Patients and Methods MBC patient data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1975-2016). Time trends of MBC mortality in the US population were analyzed using Joinpoint software. We calculated the proportion of each cause of death in the overall cohort and in different patient subgroups. Competing risk models were used to calculate cumulative mortality at different follow-up times. The risk of cardiovascular death (CVD) in MBC patients was compared to that of the age-matched general population by calculating standardized mortality ratio (SMR). Results In total, 6426 patients were included in the analysis. MBC mortality rate increased between 2004 and 2019 (annual percentage change=1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50, 1.80). There were 1757 patients (27.3%) who died of non-breast cancer causes. CVD was the leading cause of death in patients who were elderly or had localized disease. MBC patients had a 6.58-fold higher risk of CVD than the general population (SMR=6.58, 95% CI: 6.14, 7.05). Conclusion Non-breast cancer death accounts for the majority of deaths in MBC patients who are elderly or have localized cancer. Compared to the general population, MBC patients have an increased risk of CVD. These results highlight the importance of monitoring cardiovascular comorbidities in MBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenrui Lin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Sixth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongting Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenie Wang
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tu
- Department of Oncology, Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiwen Lin
- Department of Oncology, Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Oncology, Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangzhu Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Yangjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwang Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuerong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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14
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Hasbullah HH, MdYusof FW, Ahmad AH, Alzallal O, T Sharif SET. Metastatic Prostate Cancer Synchronous with Male Breast Papillary Ductal Carcinoma in situ: Management Dilemma and Literature Review. Case Rep Oncol 2021; 14:784-791. [PMID: 34177531 PMCID: PMC8215967 DOI: 10.1159/000515784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is common in men, but tumour of the male breast is rare. For these two tumours to be presented synchronously in a male patient is even rarer. The focus of this paper is the case of a 72-year-old man diagnosed with papillary ductal carcinoma in situ after he presented with a unilateral breast mass associated with nipple discharge. Imaging staging for his breast tumour and subsequent prostate biopsy found an incidental synchronous asymptomatic prostate adenocarcinoma as well as bone metastases. He denies risk factors for malignancies and refuses genetic testing. The first part of our discussion will highlight the uncommon occurrence of male breast ductal carcinoma in situ and its management controversies. The subsequent part of our discussion will focus on the association between male breast cancer and prostate cancer, and implication of this on the future treatment of these patients. More importantly, our case will illustrate the challenges in managing dual primaries that present concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harissa Husainy Hasbullah
- Clinical Oncologist, Faculty of Medicine, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.,Visiting Clinical Oncologist, Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy and Oncology Department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Farah Wahida MdYusof
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy and Oncology Department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Amirah Hayati Ahmad
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy and Oncology Department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Omar Alzallal
- Pathology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Emilia T T Sharif
- Pathology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kota Bharu, Malaysia
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