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Chen C, Hu C, He B, Bai Y, He F, Li S, Tan CS. Functionalized GD2 Electrochemical Immunosensor to Diagnose Minimum Residual Disease of Bone Marrow in Neuroblastoma Effectively. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:920. [PMID: 37887113 PMCID: PMC10605222 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is known as the "king of childhood tumors" due to its highly metastatic, recurrence-prone, and difficult-to-treat characteristics. International Neuroblastoma Risk Grading Group (INRG) has recommended GD2, a disialoganglioside expressed on neuroectodermal tumor cells, as the target for detecting minimal residual disease in bone marrow metastases of high-risk neuroblastoma in children. Therefore, accurately identifying GD2-positive cells is crucial for diagnosing children with high-risk NB. Here, we designed a graphene/AuNP/GD2 Ab-functionalized electrochemical biosensor for GD2 detection. A three-electrode system was processed using a screen-printed technique with a working electrode of indium tin oxide, a counter electrode of carbon, and a reference electrode of silver/silver chloride. Graphene/AuNPs were modified on the indium tin oxide electrode using chronoamperometric scans, and then, the GD2 antibody was modified on the biosensor by electrostatic adsorption to achieve sensitive and specific detection of GD2-positive cells in bone marrow fluid. The results showed that a graphene/AuNP/GD2 Ab-functionalized electrochemical biosensor achieved GD2-positive cell detection in the range of 102 cells/mL~105 cells/mL by differential pulse voltammetry. Bone marrow fluid samples from 12 children with high-risk NB were retained for testing on our biosensor and showed 100% compliance with the clinical application of the gold-standard immunocytochemical staining technique for detecting GD2-positive cells qualitatively. The GD2-based electrochemical assay can accurately detect children with high-risk NB, providing a rapidly quantitative basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (C.C.); (C.H.); (B.H.); (Y.B.); (F.H.)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Chang Hu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (C.C.); (C.H.); (B.H.); (Y.B.); (F.H.)
| | - Baixun He
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (C.C.); (C.H.); (B.H.); (Y.B.); (F.H.)
| | - Yongchang Bai
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (C.C.); (C.H.); (B.H.); (Y.B.); (F.H.)
| | - Feng He
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (C.C.); (C.H.); (B.H.); (Y.B.); (F.H.)
| | - Shuang Li
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (C.C.); (C.H.); (B.H.); (Y.B.); (F.H.)
| | - Cherie S. Tan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (C.C.); (C.H.); (B.H.); (Y.B.); (F.H.)
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Martínez-Pacheco ML, Hernández-Lemus E, Mejía C. Analysis of High-Risk Neuroblastoma Transcriptome Reveals Gene Co-Expression Signatures and Functional Features. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1230. [PMID: 37759629 PMCID: PMC10525871 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma represents a neoplastic expansion of neural crest cells in the developing sympathetic nervous system and is childhood's most common extracranial solid tumor. The heterogeneity of gene expression in different types of cancer is well-documented, and genetic features of neuroblastoma have been described by classification, development stage, malignancy, and progression of tumors. Here, we aim to analyze RNA sequencing datasets, publicly available in the GDC data portal, of neuroblastoma tumor samples from various patients and compare them with normal adrenal gland tissue from the GTEx data portal to elucidate the gene expression profile and regulation networks they share. Our results from the differential expression, weighted correlation network, and functional enrichment analyses that we performed with the count data from neuroblastoma and standard normal gland samples indicate that the analysis of transcriptome data from 58 patients diagnosed with high-risk neuroblastoma shares the expression pattern of 104 genes. More importantly, our analyses identify the co-expression relationship and the role of these genes in multiple biological processes and signaling pathways strongly associated with this disease phenotype. Our approach proposes a group of genes and their biological functions to be further investigated as essential molecules and possible therapeutic targets of neuroblastoma regardless of the etiology of individual tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carmen Mejía
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico;
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Ceci A, Conte R, Didio A, Landi A, Ruggieri L, Giannuzzi V, Bonifazi F. Target therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma treatment: integration of regulatory and scientific tools is needed. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1113460. [PMID: 37521350 PMCID: PMC10377668 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1113460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several new active substances (ASs) targeting neuroblastoma (NBL) are under study. We aim to describe the developmental and regulatory status of a sample of ASs targeting NBL to underline the existing regulatory gaps in product development and to discuss possible improvements. Methods The developmental and regulatory statuses of the identified ASs targeting NBL were investigated by searching for preclinical studies, clinical trials (CTs), marketing authorizations, pediatric investigation plans (PIPs), waivers, orphan designations, and other regulatory procedures. Results A total of 188 ASs were identified. Of these, 55 were considered 'not under development' without preclinical or clinical studies. Preclinical studies were found for 115 ASs, of which 54 were associated with a medicinal product. A total of 283 CTs (as monotherapy or in combination) were identified for 70 ASs. Of these, 52% were at phases 1, 1/2, and 2 aimed at PK/PD/dosing activity. The remaining ones also included efficacy. Phase 3 studies were limited. Studies were completed for 14 ASs and suspended for 11. The highest rate of ASs involved in CTs was observed in the RAS-MAPK-MEK and VEGF groups. A total of 37 ASs were granted with a PIP, of which 14 involved NBL, 41 ASs with a waiver, and 18 ASs with both PIPs and waivers, with the PIP covering pediatric indications different from the adult ones. In almost all the PIPs, preclinical studies were required, together with early-phase CTs often including efficacy evaluation. Two PIPs were terminated because of negative study results, and eight PIPs are in progress. Variations in the SmPC were made for larotrectinib sulfate/Vitrakvi® and entrectinib/Rozlytrek® with the inclusion of a new indication. For both, the related PIPs are still ongoing. The orphan designation has been largely adopted, while PRIME designation has been less implemented. Discussion Several ASs entered early phase CTs but less than one out of four were included in a regulatory process, and only two were granted a pediatric indication extension. Our results confirm that it is necessary to identify a more efficient, less costly, and time-consuming "pediatric developmental model" integrating predictive preclinical study and innovative clinical study designs. Furthermore, stricter integration between scientific and regulatory efforts should be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ceci
- Research Department, Fondazione per la Ricerca Farmacologica Gianni Benzi Onlus, Bari, Italy
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Liu X, Wang Z, Xiong X, Li C, Wu Y, Su M, Yang S, Zeng M, Weng W, Huang K, Zhou D, Fang J, Xu L, Li P, Zhu Y, Qiu K, Ma Y, Lei J, Li Y. Arsenic Trioxide inhibits Activation of Hedgehog Pathway in Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line SK-N-BE(2) Independent of Itraconazole. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2023; 23:2217-2224. [PMID: 37888819 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206259952230919173611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) remains associated with a low overall survival rate over the long term. Abnormal activation of the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway can activate the transcription of various downstream target genes that promote NB. Both arsenic trioxide (ATO) and itraconazole (ITRA) can inhibit tumor growth. OBJECTIVE To determine whether ATO combined with ITRA can be used to treat NB with HH pathway activation, we examined the effects of ATO and ITRA monotherapy or combined inhibition of the HH pathway in NB. METHODS Analysis of CCK8 and flow cytometry showed cell inhibition and cell cycle, respectively. Real-time PCR analysis was conducted to assess the mRNA expression of HH pathway. RESULTS We revealed that as concentrations of ATO and ITRA increased, the killing effects of both agents on SK-N-BE(2) cells became more apparent. During G2/M, the cell cycle was largely arrested by ATO alone and combined with ITRA, and in the G0/G1 phase by ITRA alone. In the HH pathway, ATO inhibited the transcription of the SHH, PTCH1, SMO and GLI2 genes, however, ITRA did not. Instead of showing synergistic effects in a combined mode, ITRA decreased ATO inhibitory effects. CONCLUSION We showed that ATO is an important inhibitor of HH pathway but ITRA can weaken the inhibitory effect of ATO. This study provides an experimental evidence for the clinical use of ATO and ITRA in the treatment of NB with HH pathway activation in cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Liu
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixuan Wang
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xilin Xiong
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmou Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Su
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meilin Zeng
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Weng
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dunhua Zhou
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianpei Fang
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lvhong Xu
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafeng Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunyin Qiu
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Ma
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Lei
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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