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Moorthi S, Paguirigan A, Itagi P, Ko M, Pettinger M, Hoge AC, Nag A, Patel NA, Wu F, Sather C, Levine KM, Fitzgibbon MP, Thorner AR, Anderson GL, Ha G, Berger AH. The genomic landscape of lung cancer in never-smokers from the Women's Health Initiative. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e174643. [PMID: 39052387 PMCID: PMC11385083 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Over 200,000 individuals are diagnosed with lung cancer in the United States every year, with a growing proportion of cases, especially lung adenocarcinoma, occurring in individuals who have never smoked. Women over the age of 50 comprise the largest affected demographic. To understand the genomic drivers of lung adenocarcinoma and therapeutic response in this population, we performed whole genome and/or whole exome sequencing on 73 matched lung tumor/normal pairs from postmenopausal women who participated in the Women's Health Initiative. Somatic copy number alterations showed little variation by smoking status, suggesting that aneuploidy may be a general characteristic of lung cancer regardless of smoke exposure. Similarly, clock-like and APOBEC mutation signatures were prevalent but did not differ in tumors from smokers and never-smokers. However, mutations in both EGFR and KRAS showed unique allelic differences determined by smoking status that are known to alter tumor response to targeted therapy. Mutations in the MYC-network member MGA were more prevalent in tumors from smokers. Fusion events in ALK, RET, and ROS1 were absent, likely due to age-related differences in fusion prevalence. Our work underscores the profound effect of smoking status, age, and sex on the tumor mutational landscape and identifies areas of unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pushpa Itagi
- Human Biology Division
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Minjeong Ko
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mary Pettinger
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anna Ch Hoge
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anwesha Nag
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neil A Patel
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Feinan Wu
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cassie Sather
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kevin M Levine
- Human Biology Division
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine and
| | - Matthew P Fitzgibbon
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Aaron R Thorner
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Garnet L Anderson
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Human Biology Division
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alice H Berger
- Human Biology Division
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Sharma A, Ren X, Rosato A, Sangiolo D, Wang Z, Tettamanti S, Zhang Y, Rettinger E, Fenix KA, Sommaggio R, Cappuzzello E, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, successes and challenges: report on the first international conference dedicated to the clinical translation of this unique adoptive cell immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:21. [PMID: 38279995 PMCID: PMC10821962 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
On August 30, 2023, experts from Germany and abroad met to discuss the successes and challenges of cytokine-induced killer cell (CIK) therapy, that recently celebrated its 30th anniversary providing treatment for cancer. This first virtual conference was hosted by CIO Bonn, a certified Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) funded by German Cancer Aid (DKH). In addition to keynote speakers involved in CIK cell clinical trials or optimized preclinical models to improve this adoptive cell immunotherapy, more than 100 attendees from around the world also participated in this event. Initiatives to establish the International Society of CIK Cells (ISCC) and a stronger CIK cell network guiding preclinical research and future clinical trials were also announced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Zibing Wang
- Immunotherapy Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sarah Tettamanti
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Eva Rettinger
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kevin Aaron Fenix
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Roberta Sommaggio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Cappuzzello
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Ingo G H Schmidt-Wolf
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Revising the Landscape of Cytokine-Induced Killer Cell Therapy in Lung Cancer: Focus on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065626. [PMID: 36982701 PMCID: PMC10054817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Undeniably, immunotherapy has markedly improved the survival rate of cancer patients. The scenario is no different in lung cancer, where multiple treatment options are now available and the inclusion of immunotherapy yields better clinical benefits than previously used chemotherapeutic strategies. Of interest, cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell immunotherapy has also taken a central role in clinical trials for the treatment of lung cancer. Herein, we describe the relative success of CIK cell therapy (alone and combined with dendritic cells as DC/CIKs) in lung cancer clinical trials and discuss its combination with known immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1). Additionally, we provide insights into the findings of several preclinical in vitro/in vivo studies linked to lung cancer. In our opinion, CIK cell therapy, which recently completed 30 years and has been approved in many countries, including Germany, offers tremendous potential for lung cancer. Foremost, when it is optimized on a patient-by-patient basis with special attention to the patient-specific genomic signature.
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Moorthi S, Paguirigan A, Ko M, Pettinger M, Hoge ACH, Nag A, Patel NA, Wu F, Sather C, Fitzgibbon MP, Thorner AR, Anderson GL, Ha G, Berger AH. Somatic mutation but not aneuploidy differentiates lung cancer in never-smokers and smokers. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.05.522947. [PMID: 36712079 PMCID: PMC9881937 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.05.522947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer in never-smokers disproportionately affects older women. To understand the mutational landscape of this cohort, we performed detailed genome characterization of 73 lung adenocarcinomas from participants of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). We find enrichment of EGFR mutations in never-/light-smokers and KRAS mutations in heavy smokers as expected, but we also show that the specific variants of these genes differ by smoking status, with important therapeutic implications. Mutational signature analysis revealed signatures of clock, APOBEC, and DNA repair deficiency in never-/light-smokers; however, the mutational load of these signatures did not differ significantly from those found in smokers. Last, tumors from both smokers and never-/light-smokers shared copy number subtypes, with no significant differences in aneuploidy. Thus, the genomic landscape of lung cancer in never-/light-smokers and smokers is predominantly differentiated by somatic mutations and not copy number alterations.
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