4
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Shanmuganad S, Hummel SA, Varghese V, Hildeman DA. Bcl-2 Is Necessary to Counteract Bim and Promote Survival of TCRαβ +CD8αα + Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Precursors in the Thymus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:651-659. [PMID: 34996838 PMCID: PMC8982985 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The precursors of TCRαβ+CD8αα+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) arise in the thymus through a complex process of agonist selection. We and others have shown that the proapoptotic protein, Bim, is critical to limit the number of thymic IEL precursors (IELp), as loss of Bim at the CD4+CD8+ double-positive stage of development drastically increases IELp. The factors determining this cell death versus survival decision remain largely unknown. In this study, we used CD4CreBcl2f/f mice to define the role of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and CD4CreBcl2f/fBimf/f mice to determine the role of Bcl-2 in opposing Bim to promote survival of IELp. First, in wild-type mice, we defined distinct subpopulations within PD-1+CD122+ IELp, based on their expression of Runx3 and α4β7. Coexpression of α4β7 and Runx3 marked IELp that were most dependent upon Bcl-2 for survival. Importantly, the additional loss of Bim restored Runx3+α4β7+ IELp, showing that Bcl-2 antagonizes Bim to enable IELp survival. Further, the loss of thymic IELp in CD4CreBcl2f/f mice also led to a dramatic loss of IEL in the gut, and the additional loss of Bim restored gut IEL. The loss of gut IEL was due to both reduced seeding by IELp from the thymus as well as a requirement for Bcl-2 for peripheral IEL survival. Together, these findings highlight subset-specific and temporal roles for Bcl-2 in driving the survival of TCRαβ+CD8αα+ IEL and thymic IELp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Shanmuganad
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; and
| | - Sarah A Hummel
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Vivian Varghese
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - David A Hildeman
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; and
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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5
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Wirasinha RC, Davies AR, Srivastava M, Sheridan JM, Sng XYX, Delmonte OM, Dobbs K, Loh KL, Miosge LA, Lee CE, Chand R, Chan A, Yap JY, Keller MD, Chen K, Rossjohn J, La Gruta NL, Vinuesa CG, Reid HH, Lionakis MS, Notarangelo LD, Gray DHD, Goodnow CC, Cook MC, Daley SR. Nfkb2 variants reveal a p100-degradation threshold that defines autoimmune susceptibility. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211502. [PMID: 33107914 PMCID: PMC7595743 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB2/p100 (p100) is an inhibitor of κB (IκB) protein that is partially degraded to produce the NF-κB2/p52 (p52) transcription factor. Heterozygous NFKB2 mutations cause a human syndrome of immunodeficiency and autoimmunity, but whether autoimmunity arises from insufficiency of p52 or IκB function of mutated p100 is unclear. Here, we studied mice bearing mutations in the p100 degron, a domain that harbors most of the clinically recognized mutations and is required for signal-dependent p100 degradation. Distinct mutations caused graded increases in p100-degradation resistance. Severe p100-degradation resistance, due to inheritance of one highly degradation-resistant allele or two subclinical alleles, caused thymic medullary hypoplasia and autoimmune disease, whereas the absence of p100 and p52 did not. We inferred a similar mechanism occurs in humans, as the T cell receptor repertoires of affected humans and mice contained a hydrophobic signature of increased self-reactivity. Autoimmunity in autosomal dominant NFKB2 syndrome arises largely from defects in nonhematopoietic cells caused by the IκB function of degradation-resistant p100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushika C Wirasinha
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ainsley R Davies
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Translational Research Unit, Department of Immunology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia.,Centre for Personalised Immunology (NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence), John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Monika Srivastava
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Julie M Sheridan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xavier Y X Sng
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ottavia M Delmonte
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Khai L Loh
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Lisa A Miosge
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Cindy Eunhee Lee
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Translational Research Unit, Department of Immunology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
| | - Rochna Chand
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Translational Research Unit, Department of Immunology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
| | - Anna Chan
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jin Yan Yap
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Michael D Keller
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Karin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicole L La Gruta
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Carola G Vinuesa
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Centre for Personalised Immunology (NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence), John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Hugh H Reid
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel H D Gray
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher C Goodnow
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew C Cook
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Translational Research Unit, Department of Immunology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia.,Centre for Personalised Immunology (NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence), John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Stephen R Daley
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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7
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Kurd NS, Hoover A, Yoon J, Weist BM, Lutes L, Chan SW, Robey EA. Factors that influence the thymic selection of CD8αα intraepithelial lymphocytes. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:68-79. [PMID: 32483197 PMCID: PMC10443950 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Thymocytes bearing αβ T cell receptors (TCRαβ) with high affinity for self-peptide-MHC complexes undergo negative selection or are diverted to alternate T cell lineages, a process termed agonist selection. Among thymocytes bearing TCRs restricted to MHC class I, agonist selection can lead to the development of precursors that can home to the gut and give rise to CD8αα-expressing intraepithelial lymphocytes (CD8αα IELs). The factors that influence the choice between negative selection versus CD8αα IEL development remain largely unknown. Using a synchronized thymic tissue slice model that supports both negative selection and CD8αα IEL development, we show that the affinity threshold for CD8αα IEL development is higher than for negative selection. We also investigate the impact of peptide presenting cells and cytokines, and the migration patterns associated with these alternative cell fates. Our data highlight the roles of TCR affinity and the thymic microenvironments on T cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia S Kurd
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ashley Hoover
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jaewon Yoon
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Brian M Weist
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Lydia Lutes
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Shiao Wei Chan
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ellen A Robey
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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8
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Kurd NS, Lutes LK, Yoon J, Chan SW, Dzhagalov IL, Hoover AR, Robey EA. A role for phagocytosis in inducing cell death during thymocyte negative selection. eLife 2019; 8:48097. [PMID: 31868579 PMCID: PMC6957271 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoreactive thymocytes are eliminated during negative selection in the thymus, a process important for establishing self-tolerance. Thymic phagocytes serve to remove dead thymocytes, but whether they play additional roles during negative selection remains unclear. Here, using a murine thymic slice model in which thymocytes undergo negative selection in situ, we demonstrate that phagocytosis promotes negative selection, and provide evidence for the escape of autoreactive CD8 T cells to the periphery when phagocytosis in the thymus is impaired. We also show that negative selection is more efficient when the phagocyte also presents the negative selecting peptide. Our findings support a model for negative selection in which the death process initiated following strong TCR signaling is facilitated by phagocytosis. Thus, the phagocytic capability of cells that present self-peptides is a key determinant of thymocyte fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia S Kurd
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Lydia K Lutes
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Jaewon Yoon
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Shiao Wei Chan
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Ivan L Dzhagalov
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Ashley R Hoover
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Ellen A Robey
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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