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Tao H, Zhu P, Xia W, Chu M, Chen K, Wang Q, Gu Y, Lu X, Bai J, Geng D. The Emerging Role of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain in Skeletal Aging. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1784-1812. [PMID: 37815897 PMCID: PMC11272194 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis is crucial for ensuring healthy mitochondria and normal cellular function. This process is primarily responsible for regulating processes that include mitochondrial OXPHOS, which generates ATP, as well as mitochondrial oxidative stress, apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, and mitophagy. Bone mesenchymal stem cells express factors that aid in bone formation and vascular growth. Positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow affects the differentiation of osteoclasts. Furthermore, the metabolic regulation of cells that play fundamental roles in various regions of the bone, as well as interactions within the bone microenvironment, actively participates in regulating bone integrity and aging. The maintenance of cellular homeostasis is dependent on the regulation of intracellular organelles, thus understanding the impact of mitochondrial functional changes on overall bone metabolism is crucially important. Recent studies have revealed that mitochondrial homeostasis can lead to morphological and functional abnormalities in senescent cells, particularly in the context of bone diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal diseases results in abnormal metabolism of bone-associated cells and a secondary dysregulated microenvironment within bone tissue. This imbalance in the oxidative system and immune disruption in the bone microenvironment ultimately leads to bone dysplasia. In this review, we examine the latest developments in mitochondrial respiratory chain regulation and its impacts on maintenance of bone health. Specifically, we explored whether enhancing mitochondrial function can reduce the occurrence of bone cell deterioration and improve bone metabolism. These findings offer prospects for developing bone remodeling biology strategies to treat age-related degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiang Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenyu Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Miao Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiufei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, First People’s Hospital of Changshu City, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, First People’s Hospital of Changshu City, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Haian Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
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Jiang RX, Hu N, Deng YW, Hu LW, Gu H, Luo N, Wen J, Jiang XQ. Potential therapeutic role of spermine via Rac1 in osteoporosis: Insights from zebrafish and mice. Zool Res 2024; 45:367-380. [PMID: 38485506 PMCID: PMC11017079 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent metabolic bone disease. While drug therapy is essential to prevent bone loss in osteoporotic patients, current treatments are limited by side effects and high costs, necessitating the development of more effective and safer targeted therapies. Utilizing a zebrafish ( Danio rerio) larval model of osteoporosis, we explored the influence of the metabolite spermine on bone homeostasis. Results showed that spermine exhibited dual activity in osteoporotic zebrafish larvae by increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption. Spermine not only demonstrated excellent biosafety but also mitigated prednisolone-induced embryonic neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. Notably, spermine showcased protective attributes in the nervous systems of both zebrafish embryos and larvae. At the molecular level, Rac1 was identified as playing a pivotal role in mediating the anti-osteoporotic effects of spermine, with P53 potentially acting downstream of Rac1. These findings were confirmed using mouse ( Mus musculus) models, in which spermine not only ameliorated osteoporosis but also promoted bone formation and mineralization under healthy conditions, suggesting strong potential as a bone-strengthening agent. This study underscores the beneficial role of spermine in osteoporotic bone homeostasis and skeletal system development, highlighting pivotal molecular mediators. Given their efficacy and safety, human endogenous metabolites like spermine are promising candidates for new anti-osteoporotic drug development and daily bone-fortifying agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xue Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- National Center for Stomatology
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Nan Hu
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- National Center for Stomatology
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai 200125, China
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yu-Wei Deng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- National Center for Stomatology
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Long-Wei Hu
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- National Center for Stomatology
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai 200125, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- National Center for Stomatology
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Nan Luo
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- National Center for Stomatology
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai 200125, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- National Center for Stomatology
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai 200125, China. E-mail:
| | - Xin-Quan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- National Center for Stomatology
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai 200125, China. E-mail:
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Du X, Ren B, Li C, Li Q, Kan S, Wang X, Bai W, Wu C, Kassegne K, Yan H, Niu X, Yan M, Xu W, Wassmer SC, Wang J, Chen G, Wang Z. PRL2 regulates neutrophil extracellular trap formation which contributes to severe malaria and acute lung injury. Nat Commun 2024; 15:881. [PMID: 38286811 PMCID: PMC10825202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive host immune responses contribute to severe malaria with high mortality. Here, we show that PRL2 in innate immune cells is highly related to experimental malaria disease progression, especially the development of murine severe malaria. In the absence of PRL2 in myeloid cells, Plasmodium berghei infection results in augmented lung injury, leading to significantly increased mortality. Intravital imaging revealed greater neutrophilic inflammation and NET formation in the lungs of PRL2 myeloid conditional knockout mice. Depletion of neutrophils prior to the onset of severe disease protected mice from NETs associated lung injury, and eliminated the difference between WT and PRL2 CKO mice. PRL2 regulates neutrophil activation and NET accumulation via the Rac-ROS pathway, thus contributing to NETs associated ALI. Hydroxychloroquine, an inhibitor of PRL2 degradation alleviates NETs associated tissue damage in vivo. Our findings suggest that PRL2 serves as an indicator of progression to severe malaria and ALI. In addition, our study indicated the importance of PRL2 in NET formation and tissue injury. It might open a promising path for adjunctive treatment of NET-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Du
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Baiyang Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P.R. China
| | - Chang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Kan
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Bai
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Chenyun Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Kokouvi Kassegne
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Huibo Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyin Niu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P.R. China
| | - Wenyue Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Samuel C Wassmer
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jing Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
| | - Guangjie Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
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Xiong R, Shao D, Do S, Chan WK. Activation of Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy Inhibits the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Function by Degrading This Receptor in Human Lung Epithelial Carcinoma A549 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15116. [PMID: 37894798 PMCID: PMC10606571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor and a substrate protein of a Cullin 4B E3 ligase complex responsible for diverse cellular processes. In the lung, this receptor is responsible for the bioactivation of benzo[a]pyrene during tumorigenesis. Realizing that the AHR function is affected by its expression level, we are interested in the degradation mechanism of AHR in the lung. Here, we have investigated the mechanism responsible for AHR degradation using human lung epithelial A549 cells. We have observed that the AHR protein levels increase in the presence of chloroquine (CQ), an autophagy inhibitor, in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), a chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) activator, decreases AHR protein levels in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. This decrease suppresses the ligand-dependent activation of the AHR target gene transcription, and can be reversed by CQ but not MG132. Knockdown of lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2), but not autophagy-related 5 (ATG5), suppresses the chloroquine-mediated increase in the AHR protein. AHR is resistant to CMA when its CMA motif is mutated. Suppression of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in A549 cells is observed when the AHR gene is knocked out or the AHR protein level is reduced by 6-AN. Collectively, we have provided evidence supporting that AHR is continuously undergoing CMA and activation of CMA suppresses the AHR function in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - William K. Chan
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA; (R.X.); (D.S.); (S.D.)
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