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Sui Y, Feng X, Ma Y, Zou Y, Liu Y, Huang J, Zhu X, Wang J. BHBA attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent neuroinflammation via the gut-brain axis in a mouse model of heat stress. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14840. [PMID: 38973202 PMCID: PMC11228358 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stress (HS) commonly occurs as a severe pathological response when the body's sensible temperature exceeds its thermoregulatory capacity, leading to the development of chronic brain inflammation, known as neuroinflammation. Emerging evidence suggests that HS leads to the disruption of the gut microbiota, whereas abnormalities in the gut microbiota have been demonstrated to affect neuroinflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of HS on neuroinflammation are poorly studied. Meanwhile, effective interventions have been unclear. β-Hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) has been found to have neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties in previous studies. This study aims to explore the modulatory effects of BHBA on neuroinflammation induced by HS and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS An in vivo and in vitro model of HS was constructed under the precondition of BHBA pretreatment. The modulatory effects of BHBA on HS-induced neuroinflammation were explored and the underlying molecular mechanisms were elucidated by flow cytometry, WB, qPCR, immunofluorescence staining, DCFH-DA fluorescent probe assay, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of colonic contents. RESULTS Heat stress was found to cause gut microbiota disruption in HS mouse models, and TM7 and [Previotella] spp. may be the best potential biomarkers for assessing the occurrence of HS. Fecal microbiota transplantation associated with BHBA effectively reversed the disruption of gut microbiota in HS mice. Moreover, BHBA may inhibit microglia hyperactivation, suppress neuroinflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and reduce the expression of cortical endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) markers (GRP78 and CHOP) mainly through its modulatory effects on the gut microbiota (TM7, Lactobacillus spp., Ruminalococcus spp., and Prevotella spp.). In vitro experiments revealed that BHBA (1 mM) raised the expression of the ERS marker GRP78, enhanced cellular activity, and increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), while also inhibiting HS-induced apoptosis, ROS production, and excessive release of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) in mouse BV2 cells. CONCLUSION β-Hydroxybutyric acid may be an effective agent for preventing neuroinflammation in HS mice, possibly due to its ability to inhibit ERS and subsequent microglia neuroinflammation via the gut-brain axis. These findings lay the groundwork for future research and development of BHBA as a preventive drug for HS and provide fresh insights into techniques for treating neurological illnesses by modifying the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Sui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yimeng Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Yuan S, She D, Jiang S, Deng N, Peng J, Ma L. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and therapeutic strategies in metabolic, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Mol Med 2024; 30:40. [PMID: 38509524 PMCID: PMC10956371 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), due to genetic determinants and extrinsic environmental factors, leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress). As ER stress ensues, the unfolded protein response (UPR), comprising three signaling pathways-inositol-requiring enzyme 1, protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, and activating transcription factor 6 promptly activates to enhance the ER's protein-folding capacity and restore ER homeostasis. However, prolonged ER stress levels propels the UPR towards cellular demise and the subsequent inflammatory cascade, contributing to the development of human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes. Notably, increased expression of all three UPR signaling pathways has been observed in these pathologies, and reduction in signaling molecule expression correlates with decreased proliferation of disease-associated target cells. Consequently, therapeutic strategies targeting ER stress-related interventions have attracted significant research interest. In this review, we elucidate the critical role of ER stress in cancer, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases, offering novel therapeutic approaches for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan She
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Shangming Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayi Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
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An G, Park J, Song J, Hong T, Song G, Lim W. Relevance of the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria axis in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:40-50. [PMID: 38172597 PMCID: PMC10834980 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic interactions between organelles are responsible for a variety of intercellular functions, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial axis is recognized as a representative interorganelle system. Several studies have confirmed that most proteins in the physically tethered sites between the ER and mitochondria, called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), are vital for intracellular physiology. MAM proteins are involved in the regulation of calcium homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial dynamics and are associated with processes related to intracellular stress conditions, such as oxidative stress and unfolded protein responses. Accumulating evidence has shown that, owing to their extensive involvement in cellular homeostasis, alterations in the ER-mitochondrial axis are one of the etiological factors of tumors. An in-depth understanding of MAM proteins and their impact on cell physiology, particularly in cancers, may help elucidate their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cancers. For example, the modulation of MAM proteins is utilized not only to target diverse intracellular signaling pathways within cancer cells but also to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer reagents and regulate immune cell activities. Therefore, the current review summarizes and discusses recent advances in research on the functional roles of MAM proteins and their characteristics in cancers from a diagnostic perspective. Additionally, this review provides insights into diverse therapeutic strategies that target MAM proteins in various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam An
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeon Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Xu D, Liu Z, Liang MX, Fei YJ, Zhang W, Wu Y, Tang JH. Endoplasmic reticulum stress targeted therapy for breast cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:174. [PMCID: PMC9639265 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRecurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance are still big challenges in breast cancer therapy. Internal and external stresses have been proven to substantially facilitate breast cancer progression through molecular and systemic mechanisms. For example, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) results in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which are considered an important cellular stress response. More and more reports indicate its key role in protein homeostasis and other diverse functions involved in the process of breast cancer progression. Therefore, therapies targeting the activation of ERS and its downstream signaling pathways are potentially helpful and novel tools to counteract and fight breast cancer. However, recent advances in our understanding of ERS are focused on characterizing and modulating ERS between healthy and disease states, and so little attention has been paid to studying the role and clinical application of targeting ERS in a certain cancer. In this review, we summarize the function and main mechanisms of ERS in different molecular types of breast cancer, and focus on the development of agents targeting ERS to provide new treatment strategies for breast cancer.
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5
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Fan P, Jordan VC. Estrogen Receptor and the Unfolded Protein Response: Double-Edged Swords in Therapy for Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Target Oncol 2022; 17:111-124. [PMID: 35290592 PMCID: PMC9007905 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-022-00870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a target for the treatment of ER-positive breast cancer patients. Paradoxically, it is also the initial site for estrogen (E2) to induce apoptosis in endocrine-resistant breast cancer. How ERα exhibits distinct functions, in different contexts, is the focus of numerous investigations. Compelling evidence demonstrated that unfolded protein response (UPR) is closely correlated with ER-positive breast cancer. Treatment with antiestrogens initially induces mild UPR through ERα with activation of three sensors of UPR-PRK-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6)-in the endoplasmic reticulum. Subsequently, these sensors interact with stress-associated transcription factors such as c-MYC, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), leading to acquired endocrine resistance. Paradoxically, E2 further activates sustained secondary UPR via ERα to induce apoptosis in endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Specifically, PERK plays a key role in inducing apoptosis, whereas IRE1α and ATF6 are involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated degradation after E2 treatment. Furthermore, persistent activation of PERK deteriorates stress responses in mitochondria and triggers of NF-κB/tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) axis, ultimately determining cell fate to apoptosis. The discovery of E2-induced apoptosis has clinical relevance for treatment of endocrine-resistant breast cancer. All of these findings demonstrate that ERα and associated UPR are double-edged swords in therapy for ER-positive breast cancer, depending on the duration and intensity of UPR stress. Herein, we address the mechanistic progress on how UPR leads to endocrine resistance and commits E2 to inducing apoptosis in endocrine-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Fan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Unit 1354, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas, TX 77030, USA
| | - V Craig Jordan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Unit 1354, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas, TX 77030, USA.
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6
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Advantages and drawbacks of dexamethasone in glioblastoma multiforme. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 172:103625. [PMID: 35158070 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The most widespread, malignant, and deadliest type of glial tumor is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Despite radiation, chemotherapy, and radical surgery, the median survival of afflicted individuals is about 12 months. Unfortunately, existing therapeutic interventions are abysmal. Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid, has been used for many years to treat brain edema and inflammation caused by GBM. Several investigations have recently shown that Dex also exerts antitumoral effects against GBM. On the other hand, more recent disputed findings have questioned the long-held dogma of Dex treatment for GBM. Unfortunately, steroids are associated with various undesirable side effects, including severe immunosuppression and metabolic changes like hyperglycemia, which may impair the survival of GBM patients. Current ideas and concerns about Dex's effects on GBM cerebral edema, cell proliferation, migration, and its clinical outcomes were investigated in this study.
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Maximov PY, Fan P, Abderrahman B, Curpan R, Jordan VC. Estrogen Receptor Complex to Trigger or Delay Estrogen-Induced Apoptosis in Long-Term Estrogen Deprived Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:869562. [PMID: 35360069 PMCID: PMC8960923 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.869562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiestrogen therapy of breast cancer has been a "gold standard" of treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer for decades. Resistance to antiestrogen therapy may develop, however, a vulnerability in long-term estrogen deprived (LTED) breast cancer cells was discovered. LTED breast cancer cells may undergo estrogen-induced apoptosis within a week of treatment with estrogen in vitro. This phenomenon has been also validated in vivo and in the clinic. The molecular ER-mediated mechanism of action of estrogen-induced apoptosis was deciphered, however, the relationship between the structure of estrogenic ligands and the activity of the ER in LTED breast cancer cells remained a mystery until recently. In this review we provide an overview of the structure-activity relationship of various estrogens with different chemical structures and the modulation of estrogen-induced apoptosis in LTED breast cancer cells resistant to antihormone therapy. We provide analysis of evidence gathered over more than a decade of structure-activity relationship studies by our group on the role of the change in the conformation of the estrogen receptor and the biological activities of different classes of estrogens and the receptor as well in LTED breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Y. Maximov
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ping Fan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Balkees Abderrahman
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ramona Curpan
- Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - V. Craig Jordan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: V. Craig Jordan,
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8
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Wang Y, Chen S. TXNIP Links Anticipatory Unfolded Protein Response to Estrogen Reprogramming Glucose Metabolism in Breast Cancer Cells. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6382455. [PMID: 34614512 PMCID: PMC8570585 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER) play a fundamental role in breast cancer. To support the rapid proliferation of ER+ breast cancer cells, estrogen increases glucose uptake and reprograms glucose metabolism. Meanwhile, estrogen/ER activates the anticipatory unfolded protein response (UPR) preparing cancer cells for the increased protein production required for subsequent cell proliferation. Here, we report that thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is an important regulator of glucose metabolism in ER+ breast cancer cells, and estrogen/ER increases glucose uptake and reprograms glucose metabolism via activating anticipatory UPR and subsequently repressing TXNIP expression. In 2 widely used ER+ breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and T47D, we showed that MCF7 cells express high TXNIP levels and exhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) phenotype, while T47D cells express low TXNIP levels and display aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) phenotype. Knockdown of TXNIP promoted glucose uptake and Warburg effect, while forced overexpression of TXNIP inhibited glucose uptake and Warburg effect. We further showed that estrogen represses TXNIP expression and activates UPR sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) via ER in the breast cancer cells, and IRE1 activity is required for estrogen suppression of TXNIP expression and estrogen-induced cell proliferation. Our study suggests that TXNIP is involved in estrogen-induced glucose uptake and metabolic reprogramming in ER+ breast cancer cells and links anticipatory UPR to estrogen reprogramming glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhong Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Correspondence: Shiuan Chen, PhD, Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Fan P, Jordan VC. PERK, Beyond an Unfolded Protein Response Sensor in Estrogen-Induced Apoptosis in Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 20:193-201. [PMID: 34728551 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced apoptosis has clinical relevance. Mechanistically, E2 over activates nuclear estrogen receptor α that results in stress responses. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is initiated by E2 in the endoplasmic reticulum after hours of treatment in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells, thereby activating three UPR sensors-PRK-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) with different functions. Specifically, PERK plays a critical role in induction of apoptosis whereas IRE1α and ATF6 are involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated degradation (ERAD) of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. In addition to attenuating protein translation, PERK increases the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB and subsequent TNFα expression. In addition, PERK communicates with the mitochondria to regulate oxidative stress at mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAM). Furthermore, PERK is a component enriched in MAMs that interacts with multifunctional MAM-tethering proteins and integrally modulates the exchange of metabolites such as lipids, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Ca2+ at contact sites. MAMs are also critical sites for the initiation of autophagy to remove defective organelles and misfolded proteins through specific regulatory proteins. Thus, PERK conveys signals from nucleus to these membrane-structured organelles that form an interconnected network to regulate E2-induced apoptosis. Herein, we address the mechanistic progress on how PERK acts as a multifunctional molecule to commit E2 to inducing apoptosis in endocrine-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Fan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - V Craig Jordan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Fan P, Siwak DR, Abderrahman B, Agboke FA, Yerrum S, Jordan VC. Suppression of Nuclear Factor-κB by Glucocorticoid Receptor Blocks Estrogen-Induced Apoptosis in Estrogen-Deprived Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1684-1695. [PMID: 31511352 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Our clinically relevant finding is that glucocorticoids block estrogen (E2)-induced apoptosis in long-term E2-deprived (LTED) breast cancer cells. However, the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that E2 widely activated adipose inflammatory factors such as fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1), IL6, and TNFα in LTED breast cancer cells. Activation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone upregulated FADS1 and IL6, but downregulated TNFα expression. Furthermore, dexamethasone was synergistic or additive with E2 in upregulating FADS1 and IL6 expression, whereas it selectively and constantly suppressed TNFα expression induced by E2 in LTED breast cancer cells. Regarding regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, dexamethasone effectively blocked activation of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) by E2, but it had no inhibitory effects on inositol-requiring protein 1 alpha (IRE1α) expression increased by E2 Consistently, results from reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) analysis demonstrated that dexamethasone could not reverse IRE1α-mediated degradation of PI3K/Akt-associated signal pathways activated by E2 Unexpectedly, activated GR preferentially repressed nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) DNA-binding activity and expression of NF-κB-dependent gene TNFα induced by E2, leading to the blockade of E2-induced apoptosis. Together, these data suggest that trans-suppression of NF-κB by GR in the nucleus is a fundamental mechanism thereby blocking E2-induced apoptosis in LTED breast cancer cells. This study provided an important rationale for restricting the clinical use of glucocorticoids, which will undermine the beneficial effects of E2-induced apoptosis in patients with aromatase inhibitor-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Fan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Doris R Siwak
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Balkees Abderrahman
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Fadeke A Agboke
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C
| | - Smitha Yerrum
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - V Craig Jordan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Fan P, Jordan VC. New insights into acquired endocrine resistance of breast cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:198-209. [PMID: 31815253 PMCID: PMC6897388 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The translational research strategy of targeting estrogen receptor α (ERα) positive breast cancer and then using long term anti-hormone adjuvant therapy (5-10 years) has reduced recurrences and mortality. However, resistance continues to occur and improvements are required to build on the success of tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) established over the past 40 years. Further translational research has described the evolution of acquired resistance of breast cancer cell lines to long term estrogen deprivation that parallels clinical experience over years. Additionally, recent reports have identified mutations in the ERα obtained from the recurrences of AI treated patients. These mutations allow the ERα to activate without ligands and auto stimulate metastatic tumor growth. Furthermore, the new biology of estrogen-induced apoptosis in acquired resistant models in vitro and in vivo has been interrogated and applied to clinical trials. Inflammation and stress are emerging concepts occurring in the process of acquired resistance and estrogen-induced apoptosis with different mechanisms. In this review, we will present progress in the understanding of acquired resistance, focus on stress and inflammatory responses in the development of acquired resistance, and consider approaches to create new treatments to improve the treatment of breast cancer with endocrine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Fan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - V Craig Jordan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Fortini F, Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Caliceti C, Lambertini E, Pannuti A, Peiffer DS, Balla C, Rizzo P. Estrogen-mediated protection against coronary heart disease: The role of the Notch pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 189:87-100. [PMID: 30817989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen regulates a plethora of biological processes, under physiological and pathological conditions, by affecting key pathways involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, fate, survival and metabolism. The Notch receptors are mediators of communication between adjacent cells and are key determinants of cell fate during development and in postnatal life. Crosstalk between estrogen and the Notch pathway intervenes in many processes underlying the development and maintenance of the cardiovascular system. The identification of molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between these types of endocrine and juxtacrine signaling are leading to a deeper understanding of physiological conditions regulated by these steroid hormones and, potentially, to novel therapeutic approaches to prevent pathologies linked to reduced levels of estrogen, such as coronary heart disease, and cardiotoxicity caused by hormone therapy for estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristiana Caliceti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lambertini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Pannuti
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Daniel S Peiffer
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago: Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago: Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Cristina Balla
- Cardiovascular Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, RA, Italy; Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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