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Esrefoglu M. Harnessing autophagy: A potential breakthrough in digestive disease treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:3036-3043. [PMID: 38983959 PMCID: PMC11230060 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i24.3036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a conserved cellular degradation process, is crucial for various cellular processes such as immune responses, inflammation, metabolic and oxidative stress adaptation, cell proliferation, development, and tissue repair and remodeling. Dysregulation of autophagy is suspected in numerous diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, digestive disorders, metabolic syndromes, and infectious and inflammatory diseases. If autophagy is disrupted, for example, this can have serious consequences and lead to chronic inflammation and tissue damage, as occurs in diseases such as Chron's disease and ulcerative colitis. On the other hand, the influence of autophagy on the development and progression of cancer is not clear. Autophagy can both suppress and promote the progression and metastasis of cancer at various stages. From inflammatory bowel diseases to gastrointestinal cancer, researchers are discovering the intricate role of autophagy in maintaining gut health and its potential as a therapeutic target. Researchers should carefully consider the nature and progression of diseases such as cancer when trying to determine whether inhibiting or stimulating autophagy is likely to be beneficial. Multidisciplinary approaches that combine cutting-edge research with clinical expertise are key to unlocking the full therapeutic potential of autophagy in digestive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukaddes Esrefoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul 34093, Türkiye
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2
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Gao Z, Sun W, Ni X, Wan W, Suo T, Ni X, Liu H, Li N, Sheng Shen, Liu H. Low expression of RACK1 is associated with metastasis and worse prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27366. [PMID: 38509930 PMCID: PMC10950496 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcinoma is a poorly prognostic malignant tumor, and the metastatic stage of cancer is not an early stage when diagnosed. Lymph node metastasis is common in the early stage. Ribosomal receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1) has found involved in the oncogenesis of various tumors and in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Nevertheless, its role in cholangiocarcinoma remains unknown. Material and methods The possible correlation between RACK1 and tumor prognosis was analyzed in cholangiocarcinoma patients. The GEO and TCGA databases were used to evaluate the level of RACK1 in cholangiocarcinoma. The RBE and HCCC-9810 cell lines were used to examine the effects of RACK1 in the behavior of tumor cells in vitro. Results The Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that low expression of RACK1 was associated with poor prognosis and RACK1 was negatively related to lymph node metastasis, which were verified in databases TCGA and GEO; downregulation of RACK1 via RNA interference correlated with changes in the expression of EMT biomarkers and promoted the migration of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Conclusion The protein expression of RACK1 is significantly higher in cholangiocarcinoma tissues than in peritumoral tissues, however, the high RACK1 expression indicates better overall survival and less risk for lymph node metastasis. In vitro, RACK1 may suppress the migratory ability of cholangiocarcinoma cells by inhibiting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wentao Sun
- Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaojian Ni
- Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Biliary Tract Minimal Invasive Surgery and Materials Engineering Research Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenze Wan
- Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Suo
- Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Biliary Tract Minimal Invasive Surgery and Materials Engineering Research Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoling Ni
- Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Biliary Tract Minimal Invasive Surgery and Materials Engineering Research Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Han Liu
- Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Biliary Tract Minimal Invasive Surgery and Materials Engineering Research Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Na Li
- Basic Medical Institute, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sheng Shen
- Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Biliary Tract Minimal Invasive Surgery and Materials Engineering Research Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Houbao Liu
- Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Biliary Tract Minimal Invasive Surgery and Materials Engineering Research Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
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Wang D, Liu Y, Yang B, Zhang Z, El-Ashram S, Liu X, Li B. Toxoplasma gondii surface antigen 1 (SAG1) interacts in vitro with host cell receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1). Acta Trop 2024; 251:107112. [PMID: 38157925 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) surface antigen 1 (SAG1) is crucial for tachyzoite invasion into host cells. However, the role of SAG1 in interaction with host cells remains unknown. The primary objective of this study was to analyze and validate the interaction between SAG1 and host cells. RACK1, an intracellular multifunctional protein, was identified as a SAG1 binding partner in host cells. Furthermore, the expression of RACK1 is manipulated by SAG1, and depletion of RACK1 negatively regulated host cell viability. These results imply that through interaction with RACK1, SAG1 preserves the viability of host cells to satisfy the survival needs of T. gondii. Our findings suggest a novel role for SAG1 in intracellular parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Zoonoses, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuming Liu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Zoonoses, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Baoling Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Zoonoses, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Zoonoses, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China; Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Zoonoses, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Bing Li
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Zoonoses, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China.
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Shen R, Ge Y, Qin Y, Gao H, Yu H, Wu H, Song H. Sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum modulate hepatoblastoma malignancy by regulating RACK1-mediated autophagy and tumour immunity. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18223. [PMID: 38451046 PMCID: PMC10919157 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB), a primary liver tumour, is notorious for its high metastatic potential and poor prognosis. Ganoderma lucidum, an edible mushroom species utilized in traditional Chinese medicine for addressing various tumour types, presents an intriguing avenue for HB treatment. However, the effectiveness of G. lucidum in managing HB and its underlying molecular mechanism necessitates further exploration. Standard in vitro assays were conducted to evaluate the impact of sporoderm-broken spores of G. lucidum (SBSGL) on the malignant characteristics of HB cells. The mechanism of SBSGL in treating HB and its tumour immunomodulatory effects were explored and validated by various experiments, including immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus transfection and co-localization analysis, as well as verified with in vivo experiments in this regard. The results showed that SBSGL effectively inhibited the malignant traits of HB cells and suppressed the O-GlcNAcylation of RACK1, thereby reducing its expression. In addition, SBSGL inhibited immune checkpoints and regulated cytokines. In conclusion, SBSGL had immunomodulatory effects and regulated the malignancy and autophagy of HB by regulating the O-GlcNAcylation of RACK1. These findings suggest that SBSGL holds promise as a potential anticancer drug for HB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shen
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Ge
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yunpeng Qin
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hang Gao
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Huazhang Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hang Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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5
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Ni H, Kan X, Rui Q, Zhang Y, Zhai W, Zhang B, Yu Z. RACK1 promotes autophagy via the PERK signaling pathway to protect against traumatic brain injury in rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14691. [PMID: 38532543 PMCID: PMC10966134 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Neuronal cell death is a primary factor that determines the outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We previously revealed the importance of receptor for activated C kinase (RACK1), a multifunctional scaffold protein, in maintaining neuronal survival after TBI, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism underlying RACK1-mediated neuroprotection in TBI. METHODS TBI model was established using controlled cortical impact injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Genetic intervention and pharmacological inhibition of RACK1 and PERK-autophagy signaling were administrated by intracerebroventricular injection. Western blotting, coimmunoprecipitation, transmission electron microscopy, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, TUNEL staining, Nissl staining, neurobehavioral tests, and contusion volume assessment were performed. RESULTS Endogenous RACK1 was upregulated and correlated with autophagy induction after TBI. RACK1 knockdown markedly inhibited TBI-induced autophagy, whereas RACK1 overexpression exerted the opposite effects. Moreover, RACK1 overexpression ameliorated neuronal apoptosis, neurological deficits, and cortical tissue loss after TBI, and these effects were abrogated by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine or siRNAs targeting Beclin1 and Atg5. Mechanistically, RACK1 interacted with PERK and activated PERK signaling. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the PERK pathway abolished RACK1-induced autophagy after TBI. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that RACK1 protected against TBI-induced neuronal damage partly through autophagy induction by regulating the PERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xugang Kan
- Department of Neurobiology and Cell Biology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Qin Rui
- Department of Center of Clinical LaboratoryThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Cell Biology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Weiwei Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Baole Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Cell Biology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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6
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Yang D, Lu X, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhu L, Liu Q. RACK1 promotes the occurrence and progression of cervical carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25012. [PMID: 38305509 PMCID: PMC10943258 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RACK1 has been identified as a multifunctional cytosolic protein, and plays a pivotal role in multiple biological responses involved in several kinds of tumors, while its effect in cervical cancer has not been well elucidated yet. The study aimed to investigate the role of RACK1 in cervical cancer occurrence and progression. METHODS The expression of RACK1 in cervical specimens was measured by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot assay. Transgenic mice were used to detect the role of RACK1 in modulating tumorigenesis in vivo. Cervical carcinoma cell lines were used to explore the underlying mechanisms of RACK1 on the behaviors of tumor cells in vitro. RESULTS We found that RACK1 expression was upregulated in cancer tissues compared with adjacent tissues, and its expression was gradually increased from cervictis, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasis (CIN) to carcinoma. Genetic overexpression of RACK1 facilitated tumor formation and growth in nude mice. Mechanism studies disclosed that RACK1 over-expression prolonged the G0 /G1 phase by up-regulating the expression of cyclinD1, down-regulating p21 and p27 probably by modulating the phosphorylation of AKT. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we concluded that RACK1 stimulates tumorigenesis and progression of cervical cancer via modulating the proliferation of tumor cells, implying that targeting RACK1 may serve as a promising method for cervical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yang
- Obstetrics and GynecologyKunshan First People's HospitalSuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Xiaojuan Lu
- Obstetrics and GynecologyKunshan First People's HospitalSuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Xuegang Zhang
- Obstetrics and GynecologyKunshan First People's HospitalSuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Obstetrics and GynecologyKunshan First People's HospitalSuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Obstetrics and GynecologyKunshan First People's HospitalSuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Qin Liu
- Obstetrics and GynecologyKunshan First People's HospitalSuzhouJiangsuChina
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7
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Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Guo J. Autophagy/ferroptosis in colorectal cancer: Carcinogenic view and nanoparticle-mediated cell death regulation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117006. [PMID: 37669735 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The cell death mechanisms have a long history of being evaluated in diseases and pathological events. The ability of triggering cell death is considered to be a promising strategy in cancer therapy, but some mechanisms have dual functions in cancer, requiring more elucidation of underlying factors. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease and malignant condition of colon and rectal that causes high mortality and morbidity. The autophagy targeting in CRC is therapeutic importance and this cell death mechanism can interact with apoptosis in inhibiting or increasing apoptosis. Autophagy has interaction with ferroptosis as another cell death pathway in CRC and can accelerate ferroptosis in suppressing growth and invasion. The dysregulation of autophagy affects the drug resistance in CRC and pro-survival autophagy can induce drug resistance. Therefore, inhibition of protective autophagy enhances chemosensitivity in CRC cells. Moreover, autophagy displays interaction with metastasis and EMT as a potent regulator of invasion in CRC cells. The same is true for ferroptosis, but the difference is that function of ferroptosis is determined and it can reduce viability. The lack of ferroptosis can cause development of chemoresistance in CRC cells and this cell death mechanism is regulated by various pathways and mechanisms that autophagy is among them. Therefore, current review paper provides a state-of-art analysis of autophagy, ferroptosis and their crosstalk in CRC. The nanoparticle-mediated regulation of cell death mechanisms in CRC causes changes in progression. The stimulation of ferroptosis and control of autophagy (induction or inhibition) by nanoparticles can impair CRC progression. The engineering part of nanoparticle synthesis to control autophagy and ferroptosis in CRC still requires more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Zhang
- Chengde Medical College, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China.
| | - Yintao Zhao
- Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Yuman Wang
- Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Yutang Zhao
- Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Jianen Guo
- Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China
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8
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Tian R, Tian J, Zuo X, Ren S, Zhang H, Liu H, Wang Z, Cui Y, Niu R, Zhang F. RACK1 facilitates breast cancer progression by competitively inhibiting the binding of β-catenin to PSMD2 and enhancing the stability of β-catenin. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:685. [PMID: 37848434 PMCID: PMC10582012 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is a key scaffolding protein with multifunctional and multifaceted properties. By mediating protein-protein interactions, RACK1 integrates multiple intracellular signals involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes. Dysregulation of RACK1 has been implicated in the initiation and progression of many tumors. However, the exact function of RACK1 in cancer cellular processes, especially in proliferation, remains controversial. Here, we show that RACK1 is required for breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. This effect of RACK1 is associated with its ability to enhance β-catenin stability and activate the canonical WNT signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. We identified PSMD2, a key component of the proteasome, as a novel binding partner for RACK1 and β-catenin. Interestingly, although there is no interaction between RACK1 and β-catenin, RACK1 binds PSMD2 competitively with β-catenin. Moreover, RACK1 prevents ubiquitinated β-catenin from binding to PSMD2, thereby protecting β-catenin from proteasomal degradation. Collectively, our findings uncover a novel mechanism by which RACK1 increases β-catenin stability and promotes breast cancer proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruinan Tian
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jianfei Tian
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zuo
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Sixin Ren
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - He Zhang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yanfen Cui
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ruifang Niu
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Fei Zhang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Xia K, Zheng D, Wei Z, Liu W, Guo W. TRIM26 inhibited osteosarcoma progression through destabilizing RACK1 and thus inactivation of MEK/ERK signaling. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:529. [PMID: 37591850 PMCID: PMC10435491 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive malignant tumor that is common in the pediatric population and has a high rate of disability and mortality. Recent studies have suggested that the tripartite motif-containing family genes (TRIMs) play critical roles in oncogenesis in several cancers. TRIM26, one of the TRIMs family genes, was more frequently reported to exert a tumor-suppressive role, while its detailed functional roles in the osteosarcoma progression were still unknown and require further investigation. Herein, we found that TRIM26 was markedly downregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cells. Survival analysis revealed that higher expression of TRIM26 was associated with better prognosis and its expression was an independent protective factor in osteosarcoma. Functional analysis demonstrated that overexpression of TRIM26 inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation and invasion via inhibiting the EMT process and MEK/ERK signaling. In contrast, the silence of TRIM26 caused the opposite effect. RACK1, a member of the Trp-Asp repeat protein family, was identified as a novel target of TRIM26. TRIM26 could interact with RACK1 and accelerate the degradation of RACK1, thus inactivation of MEK/ERK signaling. Overexpression of RACK1 could attenuate the inhibitory effect of TRIM26 overexpression on p-MEK1/2 and p-ERK1/2, and silence of RACK1 could partly impair the effect of TRIM26 knockdown-induced upregulation of p-MEK1/2 and p-ERK1/2. Further, a series of gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that decreased malignant behaviors including cell proliferation and invasion in TRIM26-upregulated cells were reversed when RACK1 was overexpressed, whereas RACK1 knockdown diminished the increased malignant phenotypes in TRIM26-silenced osteosarcoma cells. In conclusion, our study indicated that TRIM26 inhibited osteosarcoma progression via promoting proteasomal degradation of RACK1, thereby resulting in inactivation of MEK/ERK signaling, and impeding the EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhou Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Di Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhun Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wenda Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Weichun Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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10
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Wang Q, Jiang S, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Huang M, Qiu Y, Luo X. Prognostic and clinicopathological role of RACK1 for cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15873. [PMID: 37601269 PMCID: PMC10434108 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) expression is associated with clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of various cancers; however, the conclusions are controversial. As a result, this study aimed to explore the clinicopathological and prognostic values of RACK1 expression in patients with cancer. Methodology PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were comprehensively explored from their inception to April 20, 2023, for selecting studies on the clinicopathological and prognostic role of RACK1 in patients with cancer that met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the prognosis-predictive value of RACK1 expression, while pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were used to evaluate the correlation between RACK1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with cancer. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results Twenty-two studies (13 on prognosis and 20 on clinicopathological characteristics) were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The findings indicated that high RACK1 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (HR = 1.62; 95% CI, 1.13-2.33; P = 0.009; I2 = 89%) and reversely correlated with disease-free survival/recurrence-free survival (HR = 1.87; 95% CI, 1.22-2.88; P = 0.004; I2 = 0%). Furthermore, increased RACK1 expression was significantly associated with lymphatic invasion/N+ stage (OR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.04-2.90; P = 0.04; I2 = 79%) of tumors. Conclusions RACK1 may be a global predictive marker of poor prognosis in patients with cancer and unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics. However, further clinical studies are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sixin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - You Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Clinical Research Center for Breast, Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Rahman MA, Ullah H. Receptor for Activated C Kinase1B (RACK1B) Delays Salinity-Induced Senescence in Rice Leaves by Regulating Chlorophyll Degradation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2385. [PMID: 37376011 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The widely conserved Receptor for Activated C Kinase1 (RACK1) protein is a WD-40 type scaffold protein that regulates diverse environmental stress signal transduction pathways. Arabidopsis RACK1A has been reported to interact with various proteins in salt stress and Light-Harvesting Complex (LHC) pathways. However, the mechanism of how RACK1 contributes to the photosystem and chlorophyll metabolism in stress conditions remains elusive. In this study, using T-DNA-mediated activation tagging transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines, we show that leaves from rice RACK1B gene (OsRACK1B) gain-of-function (RACK1B-OX) plants exhibit the stay-green phenotype under salinity stress. In contrast, leaves from down-regulated OsRACK1B (RACK1B-UX) plants display an accelerated yellowing. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that several genes which encode chlorophyll catabolic enzymes (CCEs) are differentially expressed in both RACK1B-OX and RACK1B-UX rice plants. In addition to CCEs, stay-green (SGR) is a key component that forms the SGR-CCE complex in senescing chloroplasts, and which causes LHCII complex instability. Transcript and protein profiling revealed a significant upregulation of OsSGR in RACK1B-UX plants compared to that in RACK1B-OX rice plants during salt treatment. The results imply that senescence-associated transcription factors (TFs) are altered following altered OsRACK1B expression, indicating a transcriptional reprogramming by OsRACK1B and a novel regulatory mechanism involving the OsRACK1B-OsSGR-TFs complex. Our findings suggest that the ectopic expression of OsRACK1B negatively regulates chlorophyll degradation, leads to a steady level of LHC-II isoform Lhcb1, an essential prerequisite for the state transition of photosynthesis for adaptation, and delays salinity-induced senescence. Taken together, these results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of salinity-induced senescence, which can be useful in circumventing the effect of salt on photosynthesis and in reducing the yield penalty of important cereal crops, such as rice, in global climate change conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hemayet Ullah
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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12
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Hu FJ, Li YJ, Zhang L, Ji DB, Liu XZ, Chen YJ, Wang L, Wu AW. Single-cell profiling reveals differences between human classical adenocarcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma. Commun Biol 2023; 6:85. [PMID: 36690709 PMCID: PMC9870908 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease. Most colorectal cancers are classical adenocarcinoma, and mucinous adenocarcinoma is a unique histological subtype that is known to respond poorly to chemoradiotherapy. The difference in prognosis between mucinous adenocarcinoma and classical adenocarcinoma is controversial. Here, to gain insight into the differences between classical adenocarcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma, we analyse 7 surgical tumour samples from 4 classical adenocarcinoma and 3 mucinous adenocarcinoma patients by single-cell RNA sequencing. Our results indicate that mucinous adenocarcinoma cancer cells have goblet cell-like properties, and express high levels of goblet cell markers (REG4, SPINK4, FCGBP and MUC2) compared to classical adenocarcinoma cancer cells. TFF3 is essential for the transcriptional regulation of these molecules, and may cooperate with RPS4X to eventually lead to the mucinous adenocarcinoma mucus phenotype. The observed molecular characteristics may be critical in the specific biological behavior of mucinous adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Jie Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ying-Jie Li
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Deng-Bo Ji
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xin-Zhi Liu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yong-Jiu Chen
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Ai-Wen Wu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
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13
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DJ-1 activates the AMPK/mTOR pathway by binding RACK1 to induce autophagy and protect the myocardium from ischemia/hypoxia injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 637:276-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Small leucine zipper protein functions as a modulator for metabolic reprogramming of colorectal cancer cells by inducing nutrient stress-mediated autophagy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:505. [PMID: 36057892 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In multiple cancers, autophagy promotes tumor development by recycling intracellular components into metabolic pathways. Autophagy-induced metabolic reprogramming and plasticity lead to cancer cell survival and resistance to anticancer therapy. We investigated the role of small leucine zipper protein (sLZIP) in autophagy and cell survival under nutrient-deficient conditions in colorectal cancer (CRC). sLZIP was induced by nutrient stress and increased the transcription of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3), by directly binding to its promoter. Under nutrient stress conditions, sLZIP activated autophagy and promoted the survival of CRC cells. sLZIP induced metabolic reprogramming of CRC cells, to activate glutaminolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. sLZIP also enhanced the autophagic degradation of Keap1 and the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, leading to NQO1 expression, for maintenance of redox homeostasis. sLZIP-knockout CRC cells exhibited impaired autophagy induction in the glycolytic inhibition state. Xenograft mice lacking sLZIP showed decreased tumor growth, by rendering CRC cells sensitive to glycolysis inhibition. The expression of sLZIP and LC3B was highly elevated in tumors of CRC patients compared to that in normal tissues, and correlated with the progression of CRC. These findings suggest that sLZIP drives autophagy and metabolic reprogramming to promote colorectal tumorigenesis.
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15
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Zhai Y, Singh P, Dolnik A, Brazda P, Atlasy N, del Gaudio N, Döhner K, Döhner H, Minucci S, Martens J, Altucci L, Megchelenbrink W, Bullinger L, Stunnenberg HG. Longitudinal single-cell transcriptomics reveals distinct patterns of recurrence in acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:166. [PMID: 35986270 PMCID: PMC9389773 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous and aggressive blood cancer that results from diverse genetic aberrations in the hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells (HSPCs) leading to the expansion of blasts in the hematopoietic system. The heterogeneity and evolution of cancer blasts can render therapeutic interventions ineffective in a yet poorly understood patient-specific manner. In this study, we investigated the clonal heterogeneity of diagnosis (Dx) and relapse (Re) pairs at genetic and transcriptional levels, and unveiled the underlying pathways and genes contributing to recurrence. Methods Whole-exome sequencing was used to detect somatic mutations and large copy number variations (CNVs). Single cell RNA-seq was performed to investigate the clonal heterogeneity between Dx-Re pairs and amongst patients. Results scRNA-seq analysis revealed extensive expression differences between patients and Dx-Re pairs, even for those with the same -presumed- initiating events. Transcriptional differences between and within patients are associated with clonal composition and evolution, with the most striking differences in patients that gained large-scale copy number variations at relapse. These differences appear to have significant molecular implications, exemplified by a DNMT3A/FLT3-ITD patient where the leukemia switched from an AP-1 regulated clone at Dx to a mTOR signaling driven clone at Re. The two distinct AML1-ETO pairs share genes related to hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and cell migration suggesting that the Re leukemic stem cell-like (LSC-like) cells evolved from the Dx cells. Conclusions In summary, the single cell RNA data underpinned the tumor heterogeneity not only amongst patient blasts with similar initiating mutations but also between each Dx-Re pair. Our results suggest alternatively and currently unappreciated and unexplored mechanisms leading to therapeutic resistance and AML recurrence. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-022-01635-4.
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16
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Zhai Y, Singh P, Dolnik A, Brazda P, Atlasy N, Del Gaudio N, Döhner K, Döhner H, Minucci S, Martens J, Altucci L, Megchelenbrink W, Bullinger L, Stunnenberg HG. Longitudinal single-cell transcriptomics reveals distinct patterns of recurrence in acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Cancer 2022. [PMID: 35986270 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01635-4.pmid:35986270;pmcid:pmc9389773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous and aggressive blood cancer that results from diverse genetic aberrations in the hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells (HSPCs) leading to the expansion of blasts in the hematopoietic system. The heterogeneity and evolution of cancer blasts can render therapeutic interventions ineffective in a yet poorly understood patient-specific manner. In this study, we investigated the clonal heterogeneity of diagnosis (Dx) and relapse (Re) pairs at genetic and transcriptional levels, and unveiled the underlying pathways and genes contributing to recurrence. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was used to detect somatic mutations and large copy number variations (CNVs). Single cell RNA-seq was performed to investigate the clonal heterogeneity between Dx-Re pairs and amongst patients. RESULTS scRNA-seq analysis revealed extensive expression differences between patients and Dx-Re pairs, even for those with the same -presumed- initiating events. Transcriptional differences between and within patients are associated with clonal composition and evolution, with the most striking differences in patients that gained large-scale copy number variations at relapse. These differences appear to have significant molecular implications, exemplified by a DNMT3A/FLT3-ITD patient where the leukemia switched from an AP-1 regulated clone at Dx to a mTOR signaling driven clone at Re. The two distinct AML1-ETO pairs share genes related to hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and cell migration suggesting that the Re leukemic stem cell-like (LSC-like) cells evolved from the Dx cells. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the single cell RNA data underpinned the tumor heterogeneity not only amongst patient blasts with similar initiating mutations but also between each Dx-Re pair. Our results suggest alternatively and currently unappreciated and unexplored mechanisms leading to therapeutic resistance and AML recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhai
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.,Prinses Maxima Centrum, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Prashant Singh
- Prinses Maxima Centrum, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Dolnik
- Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Brazda
- Prinses Maxima Centrum, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nader Atlasy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nunzio Del Gaudio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, EO, Italy
| | - Joost Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, BIOGEM, Ariano Irpino, AV, Italy
| | - Wout Megchelenbrink
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.,Prinses Maxima Centrum, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Prinses Maxima Centrum, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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17
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Ou H, Wang L, Xi Z, Shen H, Jiang Y, Zhou F, Liu Y, Zhou Y. MYO10 contributes to the malignant phenotypes of colorectal cancer via RACK1 by activating integrin/Src/FAK signaling. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3838-3851. [PMID: 35912545 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver metastases still remain a major cause of colorectal cancer (CRC) patient death. MYO10 is upregulated in several tumor types, however, its significance and the underlying mechanism in CRC is not entirely clear. Here we found that MYO10 was highly expressed in CRC tumor tissues, especially in liver metastasis tissues. MYO10 knockout reduced CRC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro, and CRC metastasis in vivo. We identified RACK1 by LC-MS/MS and demonstrated that MYO10 interacts with and stabilizes RACK1. Mechanistically, MYO10 promotes CRC cell progression and metastasis via ubiquitination-mediated RACK1 degradation and integrin/Src/FAK signaling activation. Therefore, the MYO10/RACK1/integrin/Src/FAK axis may play an important role in CRC progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Ou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyao Xi
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaofei Jiang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Manzoor S, Muhammad JS, Maghazachi AA, Hamid Q. Autophagy: A Versatile Player in the Progression of Colorectal Cancer and Drug Resistance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:924290. [PMID: 35912261 PMCID: PMC9329589 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.924290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the topmost malignancies for both genders. Despite the high incidence rate and advances in diagnostic tools, treatment in many cases is still ineffective. Most cancerous lesions in CRC begin as benign, followed by the development of invasive forms and metastases. The development of CRC has been linked to defects in autophagy, which plays both a pro-and anti-tumor role and is mainly context-dependent. Autophagy suppression could enhance apoptosis via p53 activation, or autophagy also promotes tumor progression by maintaining tumor growth and increasing resistance to chemotherapy. Autophagy promotes the invasion and metastasis of CRC cells via increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, dysbiosis of gut microbiota upregulated autophagy and metastasis markers. Autophagy responses may also modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) via regulating the differentiation process of several innate immune cells. Treatments that promote tumor cell death by stimulating or inhibiting autophagy could be beneficial if used as an adjunct treatment, but the precise role of various autophagy-modulating drugs in CRC patients is needed to be explored. In this article, we present an overview of the autophagy process and its role in the pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance of CRC. Also, we focused on the current understanding of the role of the EMT and TME, including its relation to gut microbiota and immune cells, in autophagic manipulation of CRC. We believe that there is a potential link between autophagy, TME, EMT, and drug resistance, suggesting that further studies are needed to explore this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Manzoor
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Azzam A. Maghazachi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Qutayba Hamid,
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Xiong P, Zhang T, Li Z, Tang X. Retinoid Drugs Improve Autophagy of Medulloblastoma Cells via Hedgehog-Gli Signaling Pathway. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Our study aims to discuss the effect of retinoid drug on autophagy of medulloblastoma cells. Targeted ferrocenoretinoic acid was prepared and identified. The MB cells were assigned into blank group, control group and transfection group followed by analysis of cell survival rate and
expression of Rack1, Hedgehog-Gli, Beclin1 and LC3. The size and form of prepared ferrocenoretinoic acid was uniform. There was positive charge which can bind target. Ferrocenoretinoic acid treatment declined cell survival rate and increased cell apoptotic rate. The level of Rack1 and Hedgehog-Gli
in transfection group was lower than other two group. The tendency in expression of Beclin1 and LC3 was reversed. In conclusion, the expression of Rack1 is restrained by nano-retinoid drug so as to restrain the Hedgehog-Gli signal activity. Therefore, the survival rate of medulloblastoma cells
could be restrained and apoptotic rate could be prompted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
| | - Xiaoping Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
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20
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Chen X, Chen S, Thomson M. Minimal gene set discovery in single-cell mRNA-seq datasets with ActiveSVM. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 2:387-398. [PMID: 38177588 PMCID: PMC10766518 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-022-00263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Sequencing costs currently prohibit the application of single-cell mRNA-seq to many biological and clinical analyses. Targeted single-cell mRNA-sequencing reduces sequencing costs by profiling reduced gene sets that capture biological information with a minimal number of genes. Here we introduce an active learning method that identifies minimal but highly informative gene sets that enable the identification of cell types, physiological states and genetic perturbations in single-cell data using a small number of genes. Our active feature selection procedure generates minimal gene sets from single-cell data by employing an active support vector machine (ActiveSVM) classifier. We demonstrate that ActiveSVM feature selection identifies gene sets that enable ~90% cell-type classification accuracy across, for example, cell atlas and disease-characterization datasets. The discovery of small but highly informative gene sets should enable reductions in the number of measurements necessary for application of single-cell mRNA-seq to clinical tests, therapeutic discovery and genetic screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiao Chen
- Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Sisi Chen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- Beckman Institute Single-cell Profiling and Engineering Center, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Matt Thomson
- Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
- Beckman Institute Single-cell Profiling and Engineering Center, Pasadena, California, USA.
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21
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Study on the Expression Profile of Autophagy-Related Genes in Colon Adenocarcinoma. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7525048. [PMID: 35572821 PMCID: PMC9095386 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7525048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a common digestive tract tumor. Autophagy-related genes (ARGs) may play an obbligato role in the biological processes of COAD. This study was aimed at exploring the role of ARGs in COAD. Clinical data and RNA sequencing data of tumor and healthy samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and discrepantly expressed ARGs were screened. Statistical differences of ARGs were performed with Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Eight ARGs were selected by univariate Cox and multivariate Cox regression. Kaplan–Meier (K-M) and multivariate receiver operating characteristic (multi-ROC) were used to check the fitness of the model. Among 398 COAD samples and 39 normal samples obtained from the TCGA database, 37 differentially expressed ARGs were screened. In the training group, eight prognostics-related ARGs (MTMR14, VAMP3, HSPA8, TSC1, DAPK1, CX3CL1, ATG13, and MAP1LC3C) were identified by Cox regression. A gene signature risk prediction model was constructed base on 8 autophagy-related genes. The survival time of the low-risk group was longer than the high-risk group, and the AUC of the model was 0.794. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age and riskscore were the independent predictor. In conclusion, the prognosis model we built based one ARGs of COAD patients can estimate the prognosis of patients in clinical treatment.
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22
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Ravichandran R, PriyaDharshini LC, Sakthivel KM, Rasmi RR. Role and regulation of autophagy in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166400. [PMID: 35341960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular self-degradative mechanism which responds to cellular conditions like stress or starvation and plays a key role in regulating cell metabolism, energy homeostasis, starvation adaptation, development and cell death. Numerous studies have stipulated the participation of autophagy in cancer, but the role of autophagy either as tumor suppressor or tumor promoter is not clearly understood. However, mechanisms by which autophagy promotes cancer involves a diverse range of modifications of autophagy associated proteins such as ATGs, Beclin-1, mTOR, p53, KRAS etc. and autophagy pathways like mTOR, PI3K, MAPK, EGFR, HIF and NFκB. Furthermore, several researches have highlighted a context-dependent, cell type and stage-dependent regulation of autophagy in cancer. Alongside this, the interaction between tumor cells and their microenvironment including hypoxia has a great potential in modulating autophagy response in favour to substantiate cancer cell metabolism, self-proliferation and metastasis. In this review article, we highlight the mechanism of autophagy and their contribution to cancer cell proliferation and development. In addition, we discuss about tumor microenvironment interaction and their consequence on selective autophagy pathways and the involvement of autophagy in various tumor types and their therapeutic interventions concentrated on exploiting autophagy as a potential target to improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Ravichandran
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kunnathur Murugesan Sakthivel
- Department of Biochemistry, PSG College of Arts and Science, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajan Radha Rasmi
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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23
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Class III PI3K Biology. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:69-93. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Three dimensions of autophagy in regulating tumor growth: cell survival/death, cell proliferation, and tumor dormancy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166265. [PMID: 34487813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular lysosomal degradation process involved in multiple facets of cancer biology. Various dimensions of autophagy are associated with tumor growth and cancer progression, and here we focus on the dimensions involved in regulation of cell survival/cell death, cell proliferation and tumor dormancy. The first dimension of autophagy supports cell survival under stress within tumors and under certain contexts drives cell death, impacting tumor growth. The second dimension of autophagy promotes proliferation through directly regulating cell cycle or indirectly maintaining metabolism, increasing tumor growth. The third dimension of autophagy facilitates tumor cell dormancy, contributing to cancer treatment resistance and cancer recurrence. The intricate relationship between these three dimensions of autophagy influences the extent of tumor growth and cancer progression. In this review, we summarize the roles of the three dimensions of autophagy in tumor growth and cancer progression, and discuss unanswered questions in these fields.
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25
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Huang M, Xiao J, Yan C, Wang T, Ling R. USP41 promotes breast cancer via regulating RACK1. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1566. [PMID: 34790772 PMCID: PMC8576695 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer diagnosed among women and is the second leading cause of cancer death. It is of great significance to explore potential candidate targets for BC. Methods The expression of ubiquitin-specific protease 41 (USP41) and its prognosis prediction function was firstly evaluated by TCGA database analysis. Using BC cell lines and specimens from 10 patients with primary BC, the upregulation of USP41 in BC was ensured. By USP41 overexpression or knockdown, its function was studied by cell function assays, small interfering RNA (siRNA), western blot, mass spectrometry, and flow cytometry. The potential mechanism of USP41 was explored via Co-Immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry, and western blot. Results TCGA database analysis revealed that in metastatic BC, USP41 expression was upregulated and negatively correlated with BC prognosis. In BC cancer cells and cancer specimens, USP41 was also upregulated. Overexpression of USP41 greatly enhanced BC colony-forming ability, proliferation, and migration. In contrast, USP41 knockdown significantly inhibited BC colony-forming ability, proliferation, and migration. Moreover, Co-Immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry results indicated that USP41 could interact with RACK1. USP41 promoted the protein expression of RACK1. The expression of RACK1 in BC tissues was upregulated. Knockdown of RACK1 inhibited cell growth and migration, and reversed the oncogenic function of USP41 in BC cells. Conclusions USP41 can be a potential therapeutic target against BC via RACK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Huang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast, and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingjing Xiao
- Department of Thyroid, Breast, and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changjiao Yan
- Department of Thyroid, Breast, and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast, and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Ling
- Department of Thyroid, Breast, and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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26
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Chen F, Guo L, Di J, Li M, Dong D, Pei D. Circular RNA ubiquitin-associated protein 2 enhances autophagy and promotes colorectal cancer progression and metastasis via miR-582-5p/FOXO1 signaling. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:1091-1103. [PMID: 34416339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Numerous circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as vital regulators in various cancers. The newly reported circular RNA ubiquitin-associated protein 2 (circUBAP2) is a critical player in cell growth and metastasis in various types of cancers, although its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) has yet to be fully elucidated. We find that circUBAP2 is upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines to induce autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. The effects of circUBAP2 on migration, invasion, and proliferation may be partially related to autophagy. Mechanistically, we uncover that circUBAP2 can directly interact with miR-582-5p and subsequently act as a microRNA sponge to regulate the expression of the miR-582-5p target gene forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and downstream signaling molecules, which collectively advance the progression and metastasis of CRC. These results suggest that circUBAP2 acts as an oncogene via a novel circUBAP2/miR-582-5p/FOXO1 axis, providing a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Jiehui Di
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Man Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Dongsheng Pei
- Department of Cell Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.
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27
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Zhang P, Pan Y, Sun J, Pan G. Aberrant expression of LncRNA CASC2 mediated the cell viability, apoptosis and autophagy of colon cancer cells by sponging miR-19a via NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Exp Pathol 2021; 102:163-171. [PMID: 33983643 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal and rapid proliferation of colon cancer cells is a severe problem that can be regulated by non-coding RNAs. Thus, our study focused on effects of lncRNA CASC2 and miR-19a on colon cancer cells. Expressions of lncRNA CASC2, miR-19a, Bcl-2, Bax and NF-κB/p65 were examined by RT-qPCR. Cell viabilities were detected by CCK-8. A luciferase report assay was used for measuring binding conditions between lncRNA CASC2 and miR-19a. Western blotting was used to evaluate expression of LC3-I, LC3-II and p62 related to autophagy. Expression of lncRNA CASC2 lower in cancer cell lines and the overexpression reduced the cell viability of HT29 and SW480. Furthermore, Bcl-2 was suppressed by overexpressed lncRNA CASC2, while Bax was upregulated. LC3-Ⅰ and p62 were both inhibited, but LC3-Ⅱ was promoted. MiR-19a was predicted to bind lncRNA CASC2 and expressed higher in cancer cell lines. Overexpressed miR-19a reduced expression of lncRNA CASC2 and increased cell viability. This was repressed by upregulated lncRNA CASC2. Bcl-2 and Bax expression and proteins implicated in autophagy that are regulated by lncRNA CASC2 upregulation were reversed by miR-19a overexpression. NF-κB was upregulated in colon cancer cell lines, while inhibition of NF-κB reversed functions of lncRNA CASC2 and magnified roles of miR-19a. Our findings showed that lncRNA CASC2 inhibited cell viability in colon cancer cell lines and miR-19a reversed its functions through the NF-κB signalling pathway, suggesting that these could be factors in treating colon cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an City, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an City, China
| | - Jujun Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an City, China
| | - Gaiyan Pan
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an City, China
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28
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He Q, Li Z, Yin J, Li Y, Yin Y, Lei X, Zhu W. Prognostic Significance of Autophagy-Relevant Gene Markers in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:566539. [PMID: 33937013 PMCID: PMC8081889 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.566539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant solid tumor with an extremely low survival rate after relapse. Previous investigations have shown that autophagy possesses a crucial function in tumors. However, there is no consensus on the value of autophagy-associated genes in predicting the prognosis of CRC patients. This work screens autophagy-related markers and signaling pathways that may participate in the development of CRC, and establishes a prognostic model of CRC based on autophagy-associated genes. Methods Gene transcripts from the TCGA database and autophagy-associated gene data from the GeneCards database were used to obtain expression levels of autophagy-associated genes, followed by Wilcox tests to screen for autophagy-related differentially expressed genes. Then, 11 key autophagy-associated genes were identified through univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis and used to establish prognostic models. Additionally, immunohistochemical and CRC cell line data were used to evaluate the results of our three autophagy-associated genes EPHB2, NOL3, and SNAI1 in TCGA. Based on the multivariate Cox analysis, risk scores were calculated and used to classify samples into high-risk and low-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, risk profiling, and independent prognosis analysis were carried out. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to estimate the specificity and sensitivity of the prognostic model. Finally, GSEA, GO, and KEGG analysis were performed to identify the relevant signaling pathways. Results A total of 301 autophagy-related genes were differentially expressed in CRC. The areas under the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year receiver operating characteristic curves of the autophagy-based prognostic model for CRC were 0.764, 0.751, and 0.729, respectively. GSEA analysis of the model showed significant enrichment in several tumor-relevant pathways and cellular protective biological processes. The expression of EPHB2, IL-13, MAP2, RPN2, and TRAF5 was correlated with microsatellite instability (MSI), while the expression of IL-13, RPN2, and TRAF5 was related to tumor mutation burden (TMB). GO analysis showed that the 11 target autophagy genes were chiefly enriched in mRNA processing, RNA splicing, and regulation of the mRNA metabolic process. KEGG analysis showed enrichment mainly in spliceosomes. We constructed a prognostic risk assessment model based on 11 autophagy-related genes in CRC. Conclusion A prognostic risk assessment model based on 11 autophagy-associated genes was constructed in CRC. The new model suggests directions and ideas for evaluating prognosis and provides guidance to choose better treatment strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian He
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jinbao Yin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuting Yin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xue Lei
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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29
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Wu D, Yin Z, Ji Y, Li L, Li Y, Meng F, Ren X, Xu M. Identification of novel autophagy-related lncRNAs associated with a poor prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma through bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8069. [PMID: 33850225 PMCID: PMC8044244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
LncRNAs play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and development. However, the potential involvement of lncRNAs in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) needs to be further explored. All the data used in this study were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and all analyses were conducted using R software. Basing on the seven prognosis-related lncRNAs finally selected, we developed a prognosis-predicting model with powerful effectiveness (training cohort, 1 year: AUC = 0.70, 95% Cl = 0.57-0.78; 3 years: AUC = 0.71, 95% Cl = 0.6-0.8; 5 years: AUC = 0.76, 95% Cl = 0.66-0.87; validation cohort, 1 year: AUC = 0.70, 95% Cl = 0.58-0.8; 3 years: AUC = 0.73, 95% Cl = 0.63-0.82; 5 years: AUC = 0.68, 95% Cl = 0.5-0.85). The VEGF and Notch pathway were analyzed through GSEA analysis, and low immune and stromal scores were found in high-risk patients (immune score, cor = - 0.15, P < 0.001; stromal score, cor = - 0.18, P < 0.001) , which may partially explain the poor prognosis of patients in the high-risk group. We screened lncRNAs that are significantly associated with the survival of patients with COAD and possibly participate in autophagy regulation. This study may provide direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Zhenhua Yin
- Department of Digestive, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Yisheng Ji
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lin Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yunxin Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Fanqiang Meng
- Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohan Ren
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Shanghai, 201399, China.
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30
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Lu S, Cai S, Peng X, Cheng R, Zhang Y. Integrative Transcriptomic, Proteomic and Functional Analysis Reveals ATP1B3 as a Diagnostic and Potential Therapeutic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636614. [PMID: 33868261 PMCID: PMC8050352 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), has been proposed as a signal transducer involving various pathobiological processes, including tumorigenesis. However, the clinical relevance of NKA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well studied. This study revealed the upregulation of mRNA of ATP1A1, ATP1B1, and ATP1B3 in HCC using TCGA, ICGC, and GEO database. Subsequently, ATP1B3 was demonstrated as an independent prognostic factor of overall survival (OS) of HCC. To investigate the potential mechanisms of ATP1B3 in HCC, we analyzed the co-expression network using LinkedOmics and found that ATP1B3 co-expressed genes were associated with immune-related biological processes. Furthermore, we found that ATP1B3 was correlated immune cell infiltration and immune-related cytokines expression in HCC. The protein level of ATP1B3 was also validated as a prognostic significance and was correlated with immune infiltration in HCC using two proteomics datasets. Finally, functional analysis revealed that ATP1B3 was increased in HCC cells and tissues, silenced ATP1B3 repressed HCC cell proliferation, migration, and promoted HCC cell apoptosis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). In conclusion, these findings proved that ATP1B3 could be an oncogene and it was demonstrated as an independent prognostic factor and correlated with immune infiltration in HCC, revealing new insights into the prognostic role and potential immune regulation of ATP1B3 in HCC progression and provide a novel possible therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shenglan Cai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaozhen Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Huaihua Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Novel Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, School of Public Health & Laboratory Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China.,Department of Hunan key laboratary of aging biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruochan Cheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiya Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Hunan key laboratary of aging biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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31
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Gong X, Tang H, Yang K. PER1 suppresses glycolysis and cell proliferation in oral squamous cell carcinoma via the PER1/RACK1/PI3K signaling complex. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:276. [PMID: 33723221 PMCID: PMC7960720 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the core clock gene Period 1 (PER1) plays important roles in the formation of various tumors. However, the biological functions and mechanism of PER1 in promoting tumor progression remain largely unknown. Here, we discovered that PER1 was markedly downregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Then, OSCC cell lines with stable overexpression, knockdown, and mutation of PER1 were established. We found that PER1 overexpression significantly inhibited glycolysis, glucose uptake, proliferation, and the PI3K/AKT pathway in OSCC cells. The opposite effects were observed in PER1-knockdown OSCC cells. After treatment of PER1-overexpressing OSCC cells with an AKT activator or treatment of PER1-knockdown OSCC cells with an AKT inhibitor, glycolysis, glucose uptake, and proliferation were markedly rescued. In addition, after treatment of PER1-knockdown OSCC cells with a glycolysis inhibitor, the increase in cell proliferation was significantly reversed. Further, coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and cycloheximide (CHX) chase experiment demonstrated that PER1 can bind with RACK1 and PI3K to form the PER1/RACK1/PI3K complex in OSCC cells. In PER1-overexpressing OSCC cells, the abundance of the PER1/RACK1/PI3K complex was significantly increased, the half-life of PI3K was markedly decreased, and glycolysis, proliferation, and the PI3K/AKT pathway were significantly inhibited. However, these effects were markedly reversed in PER1-mutant OSCC cells. In vivo tumorigenicity assays confirmed that PER1 overexpression inhibited tumor growth while suppressing glycolysis, proliferation, and the PI3K/AKT pathway. Collectively, this study generated the novel findings that PER1 suppresses OSCC progression by inhibiting glycolysis-mediated cell proliferation via the formation of the PER1/RACK1/PI3K complex to regulate the stability of PI3K and the PI3K/AKT pathway-dependent manner and that PER1 could potentially be a valuable therapeutic target in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobao Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China.
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32
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Xiang YP, Xiao T, Li QG, Lu SS, Zhu W, Liu YY, Qiu JY, Song ZH, Huang W, Yi H, Tang YY, Xiao ZQ. Y772 phosphorylation of EphA2 is responsible for EphA2-dependent NPC nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth by Shp2/Erk-1/2 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:709. [PMID: 32848131 PMCID: PMC7449971 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
EphA2 is an important oncogenic protein and emerging drug target, but the oncogenic role and mechanism of ligand-independent phosphorylation of EphA2 at tyrosine 772 (pY772-EphA2) is unclear. In this study, we established nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines with stable expression of exogenous EphA2 and EphA2-Y772A (phosphorylation inactivation) using endogenous EphA2-knockdown cells, and observed that pY772A EphA2 was responsible for EphA2-promoting NPC cell proliferation and anchorage-independent and in vivo growth in mice. Mechanistically, EphA2-Y772A mediated EphA2-activating Shp2/Erk-1/2 signaling pathway in the NPC cells, and Gab1 (Grb2-associated binder 1) and Grb2 (growth factor receptor-bound protein 2) were involved in pY772-EphA2 activating this signaling pathway. Our results further showed that Shp2/Erk-1/2 signaling mediated pY772-EphA2-promoting NPC cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. Moreover, we observed that EphA2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor ALW-II-41-27 inhibited pY772-EphA2 and EphA2-Y772A decreased the inhibitory effect of ALW-II-41-27 on NPC cell proliferation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that pY772-EphA2 is responsible for EphA2-dependent NPC cell growth in vitro and in vivo by activating Shp2/Erk-1/2 signaling pathway, and is a pharmacologic target of ALW-II-41-27, suggesting that pY772-EphA2 can serve as a therapeutic target in NPC and perhaps in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ta Xiao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Qi-Guang Li
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Shan-Shan Lu
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yun-Ya Liu
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jie-Ya Qiu
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zheng-Hui Song
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Hong Yi
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yao-Yun Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China. .,Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China. .,The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Autophagy-related gene expression classification defines three molecular subtypes with distinct clinical and microenvironment cell infiltration characteristics in colon cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106757. [PMID: 32769067 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple molecular subtypes with distinct clinical outcomes in colon cancer have been identified in recent years. Nonetheless, the autophagy-related molecular subtypes as well as its mediated tumor microenvironment (TME) cell infiltration characteristics have not been fully understood. METHODS Based on the seven colon cancer cohorts with 1580 samples, we performed a comprehensive genomic analysis to explore the molecular subtypes mediated by autophagy-related genes. The single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to quantify the relative abundance of each cell infiltration in the TME. Unsupervised methods were used to perform autophagy subtype clustering. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) was used to construct autophagy characterization score (APCS) signature. RESULTS We determined three distinct autophagy-related molecular subtypes in colon cancer. The three autophagy subtypes presented significant survival differences. Microenvironment analyses revealed the heterogeneous TME immune cell infiltration characterization between three subtypes. Cluster 1 autophagy subtype was characterized by abundant innate and adaptive immune cell infiltration. This subtype exhibited an enhanced stromal activity including activated pathways of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, TGF-β and angiogenesis, and an increased infiltration of fibroblasts and endothelial cells. The expression of immune checkpoint molecules was also significantly up-regulated, which may mediate immune escape in Cluster 1 subtype. Cluster 2 subtype was characterized by relatively lower TME immune cell infiltration and enhanced DNA damage repair pathways. Cluster 3 subtype was characterized by the suppression of immunity. Patients with high APCS, with poorer survival, presented a significantly positive correlation with TME stromal activity. Low APCS, relevant to activated damage repair pathways, showed enhanced responses to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. Two immunotherapy cohorts confirmed patients with low APCS exhibited prominently enhanced clinical response and treatment advantages. CONCLUSIONS This study may help understand the molecular characterization of autophagy-related subtypes. We demonstrated the autophagy genes in colon cancer could drive the heterogeneity of TME immune cell infiltration. Our study represented a step toward personalized immunotherapy in colon cancer.
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Feng J, Lu SS, Xiao T, Huang W, Yi H, Zhu W, Fan S, Feng XP, Li JY, Yu ZZ, Gao S, Nie GH, Tang YY, Xiao ZQ. ANXA1 Binds and Stabilizes EphA2 to Promote Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Growth and Metastasis. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4386-4398. [PMID: 32737118 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of ANXA1 and EphA2 has been linked to various cancers and both proteins have attracted considerable attention for the development of new anticancer drugs. Here we report that ANXA1 competes with Cbl for binding EphA2 and increases its stability by inhibiting Cbl-mediated EphA2 ubiquitination and degradation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Binding of ANXA1 to EphA2 promoted NPC cell growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo by elevating EphA2 levels and increasing activity of EphA2 oncogenic signaling (pS897-EphA2). Expression of ANXA1 and EphA2 was positively correlated and both were significantly higher in NPC tissues than in the normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues. Patients with high expression of both proteins presented poorer disease-free survival and overall survival relative to patients with high expression of one protein alone. Furthermore, amino acid residues 20-30aa and 28-30aa of the ANXA1 N-terminus bound EphA2. An 11 amino acid-long ANXA1-derived peptide (EYVQTVKSSKG) was developed on the basis of this N-terminal region, which disrupted the connection of ANXA1 with EphA2, successfully downregulating EphA2 expression and dramatically suppressing NPC cell oncogenicity in vitro and in mice. These findings suggest that ANXA1 promotes NPC growth and metastasis via binding and stabilization of EphA2 and present a strategy for targeting EphA2 degradation and treating NPC with a peptide. This therapeutic strategy may also be extended to other cancers with high expression of both proteins. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that EphA2 is a potential target for NPC therapeutics and an ANXA1-derived peptide suppresses NPC growth and metastasis. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/20/4386/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan-Shan Lu
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ta Xiao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Yi
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue-Ping Feng
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiao-Yang Li
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-Zheng Yu
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Song Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Hui Nie
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao-Yun Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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HDAC7 promotes the oncogenicity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by miR-4465-EphA2 signaling axis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:322. [PMID: 32376822 PMCID: PMC7203158 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
HDAC7 plays a crucial role in cancers, and is the main drug target of several HDAC inhibitors. However, the role and mechanism of HDAC7 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are still unclear. In this study, we observed that HDAC7 was significantly upregulated in the NPC tissues relative to normal nasopharyngeal mucosa (NNM) tissues, HDAC7 expression levels were positively correlated with NPC progression and negatively correlated with patient prognosis, and HDAC7 knockdown dramatically inhibited the in vitro proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells, and the growth of NPC xenografts in mice, indicating the HDAC7 promotes the oncogenicity of NPC. Mechanistically, HDAC7 promoted the in vitro proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells by upregulating EphA2, in which miR-4465 mediated HDAC7-regulating EphA2, a direct target gene of miR-4465. We further showed that miR-4465 was significantly downregulated in the NPC tissues relative to NNM tissues, and inhibited the in vitro proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells by targeting EphA2 expression. Moreover, we observed that the expressions of HDAC7, miR-4465, and EphA2 in NPC tissues were correlated. The results suggest that HDAC7 promotes the oncogenicity of NPC by downregulating miR-4465 and subsequently upregulating EphA2, highlighting HDAC7 as a potential therapeutic target for NPC.
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Qin ZQ, Li QG, Yi H, Lu SS, Huang W, Rong ZX, Tang YY, Xiao ZQ. Heterozygous p53-R280T Mutation Enhances the Oncogenicity of NPC Cells Through Activating PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:104. [PMID: 32117754 PMCID: PMC7025553 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A heterozygous point mutation of p53 gene at codon 280 from AGA to ACA (R280T) frequently occurs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines, and about 10% NPC tissues. However, the role of this mutation in the pathogenesis of NPC remains unclear. In this study, we generated p53 knockout (KO) NPC cell lines from CNE2 cells carrying heterozygous p53 R280T (p53-R280T) mutation and C666-1 cells carrying wild-type p53 by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system, and found that KO of heterozygous p53-R280T significantly decreased NPC cell proliferation and increased NPC cell apoptosis, whereas KO of wild-type p53 had opposite effects on NPC cell proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover, KO of heterozygous p53-R280T inhibited the anchorage-independent growth and in vivo tumorigenicity of NPC cells. mRNA sequencing of heterozygous p53-R280T KO and control CNE2 cells revealed that heterozygous p53-R280T mutation activated PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, blocking of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway abolished heterozygous p53-R280T mutation-promoting NPC cell proliferation and survival. Our data indicate that p53 with heterozygous R280T mutation functions as an oncogene, and promotes the oncogenicity of NPC cells by activating PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Qi Qin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi-Guang Li
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Yi
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan-Shan Lu
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo-Xian Rong
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao-Yun Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Wu H, Song S, Yan A, Guo X, Chang L, Xu L, Hu L, Kuang M, Liu B, He D, Zhao R, Wang L, Wu X, Gu J, Ruan Y. RACK1 promotes the invasive activities and lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer via galectin-1. Cancer Lett 2020; 469:287-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Shen C, Hua H, Gu L, Cao S, Cai H, Yao X, Chen X. Overexpression of RACK1 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Melanoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:795-803. [PMID: 31949482 PMCID: PMC6959021 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly malignant skin cancer with limited treatment options, the mechanism of the occurrence and development of melanoma is still unclear till now. Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is a scaffolding protein that mediates multiple signaling pathways; it interconnects distinct signaling pathways to control essential cellular processes. RACK1 was reported as an oncogene in human tumorigenesis, but little is known about its role in melanoma. This study aimed to investigate the expression of RACK1 in patients with melanoma and to reveal its possible functions in melanoma cells. The expression profiles of RACK1 detected in tumor tissues from melanoma patients showed that RACK1 was higher in tumor tissues, and its expression level was well associated with the clinical progression of melanoma (TNM stage, P=0.009). Furthermore, RNA interfering (RNAi) knockdown of RACK1 could efficiently suppress the proliferation, migration and invasion of A375 and A875 cells and promote their apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that RACK1 may be a poor prognostic factor in human melanoma, and it may be a new therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Hua
- Department of Dermatology, The Third People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Lixiong Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Shuanglin Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hengji Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, P.R. China
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39
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines: Discovery of a selective inhibitor of JAK1 JH2 pseudokinase and VPS34. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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40
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Garcia-Mayea Y, Mir C, Muñoz L, Benavente S, Castellvi J, Temprana J, Maggio V, Lorente J, Paciucci R, LLeonart ME. Autophagy inhibition as a promising therapeutic target for laryngeal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:1525-1534. [PMID: 31050705 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the putative relevance of autophagy in laryngeal cancer, we performed an immunohistochemistry study to analyze the expression of the proteins involved in this process, namely, LC3, ATG5 and p62/SQSTM1. Additionally, Prostate tumor-overexpressed gene 1 protein (PTOV1) was included due to its potential relevance in laryngeal cancer. Moreover, as cancer resistance might involve autophagy in some circumstances, we studied the intrinsic drug resistance capacity of primary tumor cultures derived from 13 laryngeal cancer biopsies and their expression levels of LC3, ATG5, p62 and PTOV1. Overall, our results suggest that (i) cytoplasmic p62 and PTOV1 can be considered prognostic markers in laryngeal cancer, (ii) the acquisition of resistance seems to be related to PTOV1 and autophagy-related protein overexpression, (iii) by increasing autophagy, PTOV1 might contribute to resistance in this model and (iv) the expression of autophagy-related proteins could classify a subgroup of laryngeal cancer patients who will benefit from a therapy based upon autophagy inhibition. Our study suggests that autophagy inhibition with hydroxychloroquine could be a promising strategy for laryngeal cancer patients, particularly those patients with high resistance to the CDDP treatment that in addition have autophagy upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoelsis Garcia-Mayea
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Mir
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisandra Muñoz
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Benavente
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Castellvi
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Temprana
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentina Maggio
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Vall d´Hebron (HUVH), Passeig Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Lorente
- Biomedical Research Group of Urology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosanna Paciucci
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Vall d´Hebron (HUVH), Passeig Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde E LLeonart
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
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Huang W, Zeng C, Hu S, Wang L, Liu J. ATG3, a Target of miR-431-5p, Promotes Proliferation and Invasion of Colon Cancer via Promoting Autophagy. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:10275-10285. [PMID: 31849517 PMCID: PMC6911302 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s226828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have indicated that ATG3 could mediate the effects of other tumor-related regulators in carcinogenesis. However, the expression, role, and mechanism of ATG3 itself in cancers are rarely revealed. Thus, we explored the expression, function, and mechanism of ATG3 in colon cancer. Materials and methods The expression of ATG3 was detected in colon cancer tissues and cell lines, as well as in adjacent tumor tissues and normal colon epithelial cells. The effects of ATG3 alteration on proliferation and invasion were further analyzed. The expression and role of miR-431-5p, a potential negative regulator of ATG3, were also studied. Eventually, the role of autophagy in ATG3 related effects in colon cancer was checked. Results ATG3 is upregulated in colon cancer tissues and cells demonstrated by qPCR and IHC. ATG3 knockdown significantly suppressed proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cells indicated by plate clone formation and Transwell invasion assays. The expression of miR-431-5p is downregulated and negatively correlates with ATG3 in colon cancer. Furthermore, luciferase report system, plate clone formation and Transwell invasion assays demonstrated that miR-431-5p could prohibit cell proliferation and invasion via directly targeting ATG3 in colon cancer. Eventually, Western blot, plate clone formation and Transwell invasion assays proved that autophagy block could antagonize the promotive functions of ATG3 on proliferation and invasion in cancer suggesting autophagy activation accounts for the promotive role of ATG3 on proliferation and invasion in colon cancer. Conclusion Collectively, ATG3 upregulation, caused by downregulated miR-435-5p, promotes proliferation and invasion via an autophagy-dependent manner in colon cancer suggesting that miR-431-5p/ATG3/autophagy may be a potential therapeutic target in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Neurology, Hunan Rongjun Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanbiao Hu
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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42
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Functions and Implications of Autophagy in Colon Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111349. [PMID: 31671556 PMCID: PMC6912527 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential function to breakdown cellular proteins and organelles to recycle for new nutrient building blocks. In colorectal cancer, the importance of autophagy is becoming widely recognized as it demonstrates both pro- and anti-tumorigenic functions. In colon cancer, cell autonomous and non-autonomous roles for autophagy are essential in growth and progression. However, the mechanisms downstream of autophagy (to reduce or enhance tumor growth) are not well known. Additionally, the signals that activate and coordinate autophagy for tumor cell growth and survival are not clear. Here, we highlight the context- and cargo-dependent role of autophagy in proliferation, cell death, and cargo breakdown.
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43
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Rojas-Sanchez G, Cotzomi-Ortega I, Pazos-Salazar NG, Reyes-Leyva J, Maycotte P. Autophagy and Its Relationship to Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition: When Autophagy Inhibition for Cancer Therapy Turns Counterproductive. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8040071. [PMID: 31554173 PMCID: PMC6956138 DOI: 10.3390/biology8040071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of autophagy for cancer therapy has gained recent interest in clinical settings. Although inhibition of autophagy is currently being used in clinical trials for the treatment of several malignancies, autophagy has been shown to have diverse implications for normal cell homeostasis, cancer cell survival, and signaling to cells in the tumor microenvironment. Among these implications and of relevance for cancer therapy, the autophagic process is known to be involved in the regulation of protein secretion, in tumor cell immunogenicity, and in the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a critical step in the process of cancer cell invasion. In this work, we have reviewed recent evidence linking autophagy to the regulation of EMT in cancer and normal epithelial cells, and have discussed important implications for the manipulation of autophagy during cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Rojas-Sanchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Km 4.5 Carretera Atlixco-Metepec HGZ5, Puebla 74360, Mexico.
| | - Israel Cotzomi-Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Km 4.5 Carretera Atlixco-Metepec HGZ5, Puebla 74360, Mexico.
| | - Nidia G Pazos-Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico.
| | - Julio Reyes-Leyva
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Km 4.5 Carretera Atlixco-Metepec HGZ5, Puebla 74360, Mexico.
| | - Paola Maycotte
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)-CIBIOR, IMSS, Puebla 74360, Mexico.
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44
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Dong ZQ, Guo ZY, Xie J. The lncRNA EGFR-AS1 is linked to migration, invasion and apoptosis in glioma cells by targeting miR-133b/RACK1. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109292. [PMID: 31545240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common in situ neoplasms in central nervous system (CNS). However, the pathogenesis of GBM is poorly understood. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in GBM progression. In this study, we attempted to identify the biological role of the EGFR-AS1 in glioma cells and tissues, as well as reveal the molecular mechanism associated. The results indicated that lnc-EGFR-AS1 expression was increased in glioma cells and tissues. EGFR-AS1 knockdown suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells, but induced apoptosis. Additionally, lnc-EGFR-AS1 functioned as a sponge for miR-133b. Promoting lnc-EGFR-AS1 expression significantly reduced miR-133b expression. Furthermore, miR-133b could target the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of RACK1 and reduced its expression levels. What's more, lnc-EGFR-AS1 knockdown reduced RACK1 expression partly through enhancing miR-133b expression. In vivo experiments confirmed the anti-tumorigenesis capability of EGFR-AS1 knockdown. These findings elucidated that EGFR-AS1 accelerated cell proliferation, migration, invasion and prevented apoptosis in glioma cells by regulating miR-133b/RACK1, providing new insights for the diagnosis and molecular therapy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yangling Demonstration Zone Hospital, Xianyang 712100, China.
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Tongchuan City, Tongchuan 727000, China
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Liu C, Yang J, Wu H, Li J. Downregulated miR-585-3p promotes cell growth and proliferation in colon cancer by upregulating PSME3. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6525-6534. [PMID: 31616162 PMCID: PMC6698586 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s203175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Upregulation of PSME3 and its oncogenic roles have been reported in colon cancer recently. However, the underlying mechanism of PSME3 upregulation remains unknown. Here, we explored the expression of PSME3 and subsequently uncovered its mechanism in colon cancer. Materials and methods The expression of PSME3 was analyzed by using online databases, Oncomine and UALCAN. qPCR was carried out to detect the expression of PSME3 in collected colon cancer tissues and cell lines. Moreover, the promoter methylation and the hnRNA level of PSME3 were also analyzed by online database and qPCR, respectively. The candidate miRNAs targeting PSME3 were predicted by Starbase 3.0 and validated by luciferase reporter system. CCK-8, plate colon formation, and Edu incorporation were applied to study the functions of miRNA in colon cancer. The expression of miRNA and its correlation with PSME3 were detected in colon cancer tissues. Results Oncomine and UALCAN data indicate PSME3 is obviously upregulated in colon cancer tissue samples which is further confirmed in collected colon cancer tissues and cells by qPCR. No significant difference in methylation status promoter of PSME3 was observed between colon and colon cancer tissues. The hnRNA level of PSME3 was comparable between colon epithelial cell and colon cancer cells. miR-585-3p is predicted to directly target PSME3 and is validated by luciferase reporter assay. Then, miR-585-3p downregulation is confirmed and miR-585-3p restoration can suppress cell growth and proliferation by inhibiting PSME3 in colon cancer indicating by CCK-8, plate colon formation, and Edu incorporation. Moreover, negative correlation in expression between miR-585-3p and PSME3 was observed in our collected tissues samples. Conclusion We reveal for the first time that miR-585-3p downregulation accounts for the overexpression of PSME3 in colon cancer. Moreover, miR-585-3p, serving as a tumor suppressor, can inhibit cell growth and proliferation in colon cancer by targeting PSME3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe 462000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Luohe 462000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe 462000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Luohe 462000, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Pathology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe 462000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Luohe 462000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Nursing Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, People's Republic of China
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Li XY, Hu Y, Li NS, Wan JH, Zhu Y, Lu NH. RACK1 Acts as a Potential Tumor Promoter in Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:5625026. [PMID: 30962803 PMCID: PMC6431438 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5625026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The receptor of activated protein kinase C 1 (RACK1) promotes the progression and invasion of several cancers. However, the role of RACK1 in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been clearly defined. Herein, we aimed to investigate the biological role of RACK1 in CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset were searched, and the expression of RACK1 in CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of RACK1 in human CRC, adenoma, and normal tissues. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of RACK1 in human CRC cell lines. Functional assays, such as BrdU, colony formation, and wound healing and transwell invasion assays, were used to explore the biological role of RACK1 in CRC. RESULTS RACK1 was upregulated in CRC tissues compared with its expression in adjacent normal tissues in TCGA and the GEO dataset (P < 0.05). Moreover, RACK1 was significantly overexpressed in CRC and adenoma tissues compared with its expression in normal tissues (P < 0.05). Loss-of-function experiments showed that RACK1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that RACK1, as an oncogene, markedly promoted the progression of CRC, which suggested that RACK1 is a potential therapeutic target for CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nian-Shuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nong-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi Province, China
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