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Huang S, Dong W, Lin X, Bian J. Na+/K+-ATPase: ion pump, signal transducer, or cytoprotective protein, and novel biological functions. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2684-2697. [PMID: 38595287 PMCID: PMC11168508 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Na+/K+-ATPase is a transmembrane protein that has important roles in the maintenance of electrochemical gradients across cell membranes by transporting three Na+ out of and two K+ into cells. Additionally, Na+/K+-ATPase participates in Ca2+-signaling transduction and neurotransmitter release by coordinating the ion concentration gradient across the cell membrane. Na+/K+-ATPase works synergistically with multiple ion channels in the cell membrane to form a dynamic network of ion homeostatic regulation and affects cellular communication by regulating chemical signals and the ion balance among different types of cells. Therefore, it is not surprising that Na+/K+-ATPase dysfunction has emerged as a risk factor for a variety of neurological diseases. However, published studies have so far only elucidated the important roles of Na+/K+-ATPase dysfunction in disease development, and we are lacking detailed mechanisms to clarify how Na+/K+-ATPase affects cell function. Our recent studies revealed that membrane loss of Na+/K+-ATPase is a key mechanism in many neurological disorders, particularly stroke and Parkinson's disease. Stabilization of plasma membrane Na+/K+-ATPase with an antibody is a novel strategy to treat these diseases. For this reason, Na+/K+-ATPase acts not only as a simple ion pump but also as a sensor/regulator or cytoprotective protein, participating in signal transduction such as neuronal autophagy and apoptosis, and glial cell migration. Thus, the present review attempts to summarize the novel biological functions of Na+/K+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase-related pathogenesis. The potential for novel strategies to treat Na+/K+-ATPase-related brain diseases will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqiang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wanting Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoqian Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinsong Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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Xia XM, Duan Y, Wang YP, Han RX, Dong YF, Jiang SY, Zheng Y, Qiao C, Cao L, Lu X, Lu M. Vagus nerve stimulation as a promising neuroprotection for ischemic stroke via α7nAchR-dependent inactivation of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1349-1365. [PMID: 38504011 PMCID: PMC11192746 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of disability and death worldwide, and its management requires urgent attention. Previous studies have shown that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) exerts neuroprotection in ischemic stroke by inhibiting neuroinflammation and apoptosis. In this study, we evaluated the timing for VNS intervention in ischemic stroke, and the underlying mechanisms of VNS-induced neuroprotection. Mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 60 min. The left vagus nerve at cervical level was exposed and attached to an electrode connected to a low-frequency electrical stimulator. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was given for 60 min before, during and after tMCAO (Pre-VNS, Dur-VNS, Post-VNS). Neurological function was assessed 24 h after reperfusion. We found that all the three VNS significantly protected against the tMCAO-induced injury evidenced by improved neurological function and reduced infarct volume. Moreover, the Pre-VNS was the most effective against the ischemic injury. We found that tMCAO activated microglia in the ischemic core and penumbra regions of the brain, followed by the NLRP3 inflammasome activation-induced neuroinflammation, which finally triggered neuronal death. VNS treatment preserved α7nAChR expression in the penumbra regions, inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and ensuing neuroinflammation, rescuing cerebral neurons. The role of α7nAChR in microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation in ischemic stroke was further validated using genetic manipulations, including Chrna7 knockout mice and microglial Chrna7 overexpression mice, as well as pharmacological interventions using the α7nAChR inhibitor methyllycaconitine and agonist PNU-282987. Collectively, this study demonstrates the potential of VNS as a safe and effective strategy to treat ischemic stroke, and presents a new approach targeting microglial NLRP3 inflammasome, which might be therapeutic for other inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yue-Ping Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Rui-Xue Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yin-Feng Dong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Si-Yuan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chen Qiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
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Liao W, Wang P, He Y, Liu Z, Wang L. Investigation of the underlying mechanism of Buyang Huanwu decoction in ischemic stroke by integrating systems pharmacology-proteomics and in vivo experiments. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105935. [PMID: 38580032 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) has been effective in treating ischemic stroke (IS). However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. The study intended to explore the potential mechanism of BHD against IS using systems pharmacology, proteomics, and animal experiments. The active components of BHD were identified from UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and literature mining. Systems pharmacology and proteomics were employed to investigate the underlying mechanism of BHD against IS. The AutoDock tool was used for molecular docking. A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model rat was utilized to explore the therapeutic benefits of BHD. The rats were divided into sham, model, BHD (5, 10, 20 g/kg, ig) groups. The neurological scores, pathological section characteristics, brain infarct volumes, inflammatory cytokines, and signaling pathways were investigated in vivo experiments. The results of systems pharmacology showed that 13 active compounds and 112 common targets were screened in BHD. The docking results suggested that the active compounds in BHD had a high affinity for the key targets. In vivo experiments demonstrated that BHD exhibited neuroprotective benefits by lowering the neurological score, the volume of the cerebral infarct, the release of inflammatory cytokines, and reducing neuroinflammatory damage in MCAO rats. Furthermore, BHD decreased TNF-α and CD38 levels while increasing ATP2B2, PDE1A, CaMK4, p-PI3K, and p-AKT. Combined with systems pharmacology and proteomic studies, we confirmed that PI3K-Akt and calcium signaling pathways are the key mechanisms for BHD against IS. Furthermore, this study demonstrated the feasibility of combining proteomics with systems pharmacology to study the mechanism of herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Liao
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51006, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51006, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying He
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51006, People's Republic of China; Guangzhou HanFang Pharmaceutical Company Limited, National Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Processing Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Drug Innovation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Lipid, Guangzhou 510240, China
| | - Zai Liu
- Pharmacy Department, Dongguan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lisheng Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51006, People's Republic of China.
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Jiang Y, Dang Y, Wu Q, Yuan B, Gao L, You C. Using a k-means clustering to identify novel phenotypes of acute ischemic stroke and development of its Clinlabomics models. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1366307. [PMID: 38601342 PMCID: PMC11004235 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1366307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a heterogeneous condition. To stratify the heterogeneity, identify novel phenotypes, and develop Clinlabomics models of phenotypes that can conduct more personalized treatments for AIS. Methods In a retrospective analysis, consecutive AIS and non-AIS inpatients were enrolled. An unsupervised k-means clustering algorithm was used to classify AIS patients into distinct novel phenotypes. Besides, the intergroup comparisons across the phenotypes were performed in clinical and laboratory data. Next, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to select essential variables. In addition, Clinlabomics predictive models of phenotypes were established by a support vector machines (SVM) classifier. We used the area under curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity to evaluate the performance of the models. Results Of the three derived phenotypes in 909 AIS patients [median age 64 (IQR: 17) years, 69% male], in phenotype 1 (N = 401), patients were relatively young and obese and had significantly elevated levels of lipids. Phenotype 2 (N = 463) was associated with abnormal ion levels. Phenotype 3 (N = 45) was characterized by the highest level of inflammation, accompanied by mild multiple-organ dysfunction. The external validation cohort prospectively collected 507 AIS patients [median age 60 (IQR: 18) years, 70% male]. Phenotype characteristics were similar in the validation cohort. After LASSO analysis, Clinlabomics models of phenotype 1 and 2 were constructed by the SVM algorithm, yielding high AUC (0.977, 95% CI: 0.961-0.993 and 0.984, 95% CI: 0.971-0.997), accuracy (0.936, 95% CI: 0.922-0.956 and 0.952, 95% CI: 0.938-0.972), sensitivity (0.984, 95% CI: 0.968-0.998 and 0.958, 95% CI: 0.939-0.984), and specificity (0.892, 95% CI: 0.874-0.926 and 0.945, 95% CI: 0.923-0.969). Conclusion In this study, three novel phenotypes that reflected the abnormal variables of AIS patients were identified, and the Clinlabomics models of phenotypes were established, which are conducive to individualized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingqiang Dang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Boyao Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lina Gao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chongge You
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Staehr C, Aalkjaer C, Matchkov V. The vascular Na,K-ATPase: clinical implications in stroke, migraine, and hypertension. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1595-1618. [PMID: 37877226 PMCID: PMC10600256 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
In the vascular wall, the Na,K-ATPase plays an important role in the control of arterial tone. Through cSrc signaling, it contributes to the modulation of Ca2+ sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle cells. This review focuses on the potential implication of Na,K-ATPase-dependent intracellular signaling pathways in severe vascular disorders; ischemic stroke, familial migraine, and arterial hypertension. We propose similarity in the detrimental Na,K-ATPase-dependent signaling seen in these pathological conditions. The review includes a retrospective proteomics analysis investigating temporal changes after ischemic stroke. The analysis revealed that the expression of Na,K-ATPase α isoforms is down-regulated in the days and weeks following reperfusion, while downstream Na,K-ATPase-dependent cSrc kinase is up-regulated. These results are important since previous studies have linked the Na,K-ATPase-dependent cSrc signaling to futile recanalization and vasospasm after stroke. The review also explores a link between the Na,K-ATPase and migraine with aura, as reduced expression or pharmacological inhibition of the Na,K-ATPase leads to cSrc kinase signaling up-regulation and cerebral hypoperfusion. The review discusses the role of an endogenous cardiotonic steroid-like compound, ouabain, which binds to the Na,K-ATPase and initiates the intracellular cSrc signaling, in the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension. Currently, our understanding of the precise control mechanisms governing the Na,K-ATPase/cSrc kinase regulation in the vascular wall is limited. Understanding the role of vascular Na,K-ATPase signaling is essential for developing targeted treatments for cerebrovascular disorders and hypertension, as the Na,K-ATPase is implicated in the pathogenesis of these conditions and may contribute to their comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Staehr
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 35, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Aalkjaer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Cardiovascular Academy, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vladimir V. Matchkov
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Sun HJ, Tan JX, Shan XD, Wang ZC, Wu ZY, Bian JS, Nie XW. DR region of NKAα1 is a target to ameliorate hepatic lipid metabolism disturbance in obese mice. Metabolism 2023; 145:155579. [PMID: 37127227 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), an ion pumping enzyme ubiquitously expressed in various cells, is critically involved in cellular ion homeostasis and signal transduction. However, the role of NKA in hepatic lipid homeostasis has yet to be fully characterized. METHODS The activity of NKA and NKAα1 expression were determined in steatotic cells, mice and patients. The roles of NKAα1 in hepatosteatosis were detected using hepatocyte knockout or specific overexpression of NKAα1 in mice. RESULTS Herein, we demonstrated that the expression and activity of α1 subunit of NKA (NKAα1) were lowered in the livers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, and genetically obese (ob/ob, db/db) mice, as well as oleic acid-induced hepatocytes. Hepatic deficiency of NKAα1 exacerbated, while adeno-associated virus-mediated liver specific overexpression of NKAα1 alleviated hepatic steatosis through regulation of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and lipogenesis. Mechanistically, we revealed that NKAα1 upregulated sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) via interacting with ubiquitin specific peptidase 22 (USP22), a deubiquitinating enzyme for the stabilization and deubiquitination of SIRT1, thus activating the downstream autophagy signaling. Blockade of the SIRT1/autophagy signaling pathway eliminated the protective effects of NKAα1 against lipid deposition in hepatocytes. Importantly, we found that an antibody against the DR region (897DVEDSYGQQWTYEQR911) of NKAα1 subunit (DR-Ab) ameliorated hepatic steatosis through maintaining the membrane density of NKAα1 and inducing its activation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study renews the functions of NKAα1 in liver lipid metabolism and provides a new clue for gene therapy or antibody treatment of hepatic lipid metabolism disturbance by targeting NKAα1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Basic School, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian-Xin Tan
- Lung Transplant Group, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Shan
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zi-Chao Wang
- Department of Basic School, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Xiao-Wei Nie
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Lung Transplant Group, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen 518020, China.
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Leng B, Deng L, Tan J, Lee WT, Cao CR, Wang ZP, Huang DJ, Nie XW, Bian JS. Targeting the Na +/K + ATPase DR-region with DR-Ab improves doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 204:38-53. [PMID: 37100355 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic drug for various cancers. Yet, the cardiotoxic side effects limit its application in clinical uses, in which ferroptosis serves as a crucial pathological mechanism in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). A reduction of Na+/K + ATPase (NKA) activity is closely associated with DIC progression. However, whether abnormal NKA function was involved in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and ferroptosis remains unknown. Here, we aim to decipher the cellular and molecular mechanisms of dysfunctional NKA in DOX-induced ferroptosis and investigate NKA as a potential therapeutic target for DIC. A decrease activity of NKA further aggravated DOX-triggered cardiac dysfunction and ferroptosis in NKAα1 haploinsufficiency mice. In contrast, antibodies against the DR-region of NKAα-subunit (DR-Ab) attenuated the cardiac dysfunction and ferroptosis induced by DOX. Mechanistically, NKAα1 interacted with SLC7A11 to form a novel protein complex, which was directly implicated in the disease progression of DIC. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of DR-Ab on DIC was mediated by reducing ferroptosis by promoting the association of NKAα1/SLC7A11 complex and maintaining the stability of SLC7A11 on the cell surface. These results indicate that antibodies targeting the DR-region of NKA may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to alleviate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Leng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jianxin Tan
- Lung Transplant Group, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Wei-Thye Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Rui Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zi-Ping Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - De-Jian Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiao-Wei Nie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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Ojo OB, Amoo ZA, Olaleye MT, Jha SK, Akinmoladun AC. Time and Brain Region-Dependent Excitatory Neurochemical Alterations in Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion Global Ischemia Model. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:96-116. [PMID: 36006597 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Strict metabolic regulation in discrete brain regions leads to neurochemical changes in cerebral ischemia. Accumulation of extracellular glutamate is one of the early neurochemical changes that take place during cerebral ischemia. Understanding the sequential neurochemical processes involved in cerebral ischemia-mediated excitotoxicity before the clinical intervention of revascularization and reperfusion may greatly influence future therapeutic strategies for clinical stroke recovery. This study investigated the influence of time and brain regions on excitatory neurochemical indices in the bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) model of global ischemia. Male Wistar rats were subjected to BCCAO for 15 and 60 min to evaluate the effect of ischemia duration on excitatory neurochemical indices (dopamine level, glutamine synthetase, glutaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, monoamine oxidase, acetylcholinesterase, and Na+ K+ ATPase activities) in the discrete brain regions (cortex, striatum, cerebellum, and hippocampus). BCCAO without reperfusion caused marked time and brain region-dependent alterations in glutamatergic, glutaminergic, dopaminergic, monoaminergic, cholinergic, and electrogenic homeostasis. Prolonged BCCAO decreased cortical, striatal, and cerebellar glutamatergic, glutaminergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and electrogenic activities; increased hippocampal glutamatergic, glutaminergic, dopaminergic, and cholinergic activities, increased cortical and striatal monoaminergic activity; decreased cerebellar and hippocampal monoaminergic activity; and decreased hippocampal electrogenic activity. This suggests that excitatory neurotransmitters play a major role in the tissue-specific metabolic plasticity and reprogramming that takes place between the onset of cardiac arrest-mediated global ischemia and clinical intervention of recanalization. These tissue-specific neurochemical indices may serve as diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for mitigating the progression of ischemic damage before revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola Benedicta Ojo
- Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, 340110, Akure, Nigeria. .,Sleep Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067, New Delhi, India.
| | - Zainab Abiola Amoo
- Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, 340110, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Mary Tolulope Olaleye
- Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, 340110, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Sushil Kumar Jha
- Sleep Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Afolabi Clement Akinmoladun
- Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, 340110, Akure, Nigeria.
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Kim YJ, Shin YK, Seo E, Seol GH. Astrocytes Reduce Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry in Microglia under the Conditions of an Inflammatory Stimulus and Muscarinic Receptor Blockade. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121521. [PMID: 36558972 PMCID: PMC9783111 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and loss of cholinergic transmission are involved in neurodegenerative diseases, but possible interactions between them within neurons, astrocytes, and microglia have not yet been investigated. We aimed to compare store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia following cholinergic dysfunction in combination with (or without) an inflammatory stimulus and to investigate the effects of linalyl acetate (LA) on this process. We used the SH-SY5Y, U373, and BV2 cell lines related to neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, respectively. Scopolamine or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to antagonize the muscarinic receptors or induce inflammatory responses, respectively. The concentration of intracellular Ca2+ was measured using Fura-2 AM. Treatment with scopolamine and LPS significantly increased SOCE in the neuron-like cells and microglia but not in the scopolamine-pretreated astrocytes. LA significantly reduced SOCE in the scopolamine-pretreated neuron-like cells and microglia exposed to LPS, which was partially inhibited by the Na+-K+ ATPase inhibitor ouabain and the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) inhibitor Ni2+. Notably, SOCE was significantly reduced in the LPS plus scopolamine-pretreated cells mixed with astrocytes and microglia, with a two-fold increase in the applied number of astrocytes. LA may be useful in protecting neurons and microglia by reducing elevated SOCE that is induced by inflammatory responses and inhibiting the muscarinic receptors via Na+-K+ ATPase and the forward mode of NCX. Astrocytes may protect microglia by reducing increased SOCE under the conditions of inflammation and a muscarinic receptor blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Kim
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Program of Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - You Kyoung Shin
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Seo
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Hee Seol
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Program of Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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10
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Leite JA, Pôças E, Maia GS, Barbosa L, Quintas LEM, Kawamoto EM, da Silva MLC, Scavone C, de Carvalho LED. Effect of ouabain on calcium signaling in rodent brain: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:916312. [PMID: 36105192 PMCID: PMC9465813 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.916312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Na+/K+-ATPase is an integral membrane ion pump, essential to maintaining osmotic balance in cells in the presence of cardiotonic steroids; more specifically, ouabain can be an endogenous modulator of the Na+/K+-ATPase. Here, we conducted a systematic review of the in vitro effects of cardiotonic steroids on Ca2+ in the brain of rats and mice. Methods: The review was carried out using the PubMed, Virtual Health Library, and EMBASE databases (between 12 June 2020 and 30 June 2020) and followed the guidelines described in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). Results: in total, 829 references were identified in the electronic databases; however, only 20 articles were considered, on the basis of the inclusion criteria. The studies demonstrated the effects of ouabain on Ca2+ signaling in synaptosomes, brain slices, and cultures of rat and mouse cells. In addition to the well-known cytotoxic effects of high doses of ouabain, resulting from indirect stimulation of the reverse mode of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and increased intracellular Ca2+, other effects have been reported. Ouabain-mediated Ca2+ signaling was able to act increasing cholinergic, noradrenergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. Furthermore, ouabain significantly increased intracellular signaling molecules such as InsPs, IP3 and cAMP. Moreover treatment with low doses of ouabain stimulated myelin basic protein synthesis. Ouabain-induced intracellular Ca2+ increase may promote the activation of important cell signaling pathways involved in cellular homeostasis and function. Thus, the study of the application of ouabain in low doses being promising for application in neurological diseases. Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020204498, identifier CRD42020204498.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Alves Leite
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Elisa Pôças
- Campus Realengo, Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gisele Silva Maia
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Barbosa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo M. Quintas
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Bioquímica e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana E. Drumond de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Luciana E. Drumond de Carvalho,
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11
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Yingze Y, Zhihong J, Tong J, Yina L, Zhi Z, Xu Z, Xiaoxing X, Lijuan G. NOX2-mediated reactive oxygen species are double-edged swords in focal cerebral ischemia in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:184. [PMID: 35836200 PMCID: PMC9281066 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02551-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) often promote acute brain injury after stroke, but their roles in the recovery phase have not been well studied. We tested the hypothesis that ROS activity mediated by NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) contributes to acute brain injury but promotes functional recovery during the delayed phase, which is linked with neuroinflammation, autophagy, angiogenesis, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. METHODS We used the NOX2 inhibitor apocynin to study the role of NOX2 in brain injury and functional recovery in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke mouse model. Infarct size, neurological deficits and behavior were evaluated on days 3, 7, 10 and 14 after reperfusion. In addition, dynamic NOX2-induced ROS levels were measured by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. Autophagy, inflammasomes, and angiogenesis were measured by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. RNA sequencing was performed, and bioinformatics technology was used to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs), as well as the enrichment of biological functions and signaling pathways in ischemia penumbra at 7 days after reperfusion. Then, Akt pathway-related proteins were further evaluated by western blotting. RESULTS Our results showed that apocynin injection attenuated infarct size and mortality 3 days after stroke but promoted mortality and blocked functional recovery from 5 to 14 days after stroke. DHE staining showed that ROS levels were increased at 3 days after reperfusion and then gradually declined in WT mice, and these levels were significantly reduced by the NOX2 inhibitor apocynin. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that apocynin activated the immune response under hypoxic conditions. The immunofluorescence and western blot results demonstrated that apocynin inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome and promoted angiogenesis at 3 days but promoted the NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibited angiogenesis at 7 and 14 days after stroke, which was mediated by regulating autophagy activation. Furthermore, RNA-Seq and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that apocynin injection resulted in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway enrichment after 7 days of MCAO. We then used an animal model to show that apocynin decreased the protein levels of phosphorylated PI3K and Akt and NF-κB p65, confirming that the PI3K-Akt-NF-κB pathway is involved in apocynin-mediated activation of inflammation and inhibition of angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS NOX2-induced ROS production is a double-edged sword that exacerbates brain injury in the acute phase but promotes functional recovery. This effect appears to be achieved by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promoting angiogenesis via autophagy activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yingze
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jian Zhihong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jin Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li Yina
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zeng Zhi
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhang Xu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiong Xiaoxing
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Gu Lijuan
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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12
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Shen Z, Xiang M, Chen C, Ding F, Wang Y, Shang C, Xin L, Zhang Y, Cui X. Glutamate excitotoxicity: Potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113125. [PMID: 35609367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is an important mechanism leading to post ischemic stroke damage. After acute stroke, the sudden reduction in cerebral blood flow is most initially followed by ion transport protein dysfunction and disruption of ion homeostasis, which in turn leads to impaired glutamate release, reuptake, and excessive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation, promoting neuronal death. Despite extensive evidence from preclinical studies suggesting that excessive NMDAR stimulation during ischemic stroke is a central step in post-stroke damage, NMDAR blockers have failed to translate into clinical stroke treatment. Current treatment options for stroke are very limited, and there is therefore a great need to develop new targets for neuroprotective therapeutic agents in ischemic stroke to extend the therapeutic time window. In this review, we highlight recent findings on glutamate release, reuptake mechanisms, NMDAR and its downstream cellular signaling pathways in post-ischemic stroke damage, and review the pathological changes in each link to help develop viable new therapeutic targets. We then also summarize potential neuroprotective drugs and therapeutic approaches for these new targets in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihuan Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mi Xiang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chang Shang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Laiyun Xin
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiangning Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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13
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Xu X, Zhang Y. Regulation of Oxidative Stress by Long Non-coding RNAs in Central Nervous System Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:931704. [PMID: 35782387 PMCID: PMC9241987 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.931704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injury, glioma, and epilepsy, involve oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis, often leading to long-term disability or death. Emerging studies suggest that oxidative stress may induce epigenetic modifications that contribute to CNS disorders. Non-coding RNAs are epigenetic regulators involved in CNS disorders and have attracted extensive attention. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs more than 200 nucleotides long and have no protein-coding function. However, these molecules exert regulatory functions at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic levels. However, the major role of lncRNAs in the pathophysiology of CNS disorders, especially related to oxidative stress, remains unclear. Here, we review the molecular functions of lncRNAs in oxidative stress and highlight lncRNAs that exert positive or negative roles in oxidation/antioxidant systems. This review provides novel insights into the therapeutic potential of lncRNAs that mediate oxidative stress in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhang,
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14
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Role of Na +/K +-ATPase in ischemic stroke: in-depth perspectives from physiology to pharmacology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:395-410. [PMID: 34839371 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) is a large transmembrane protein expressed in all cells. It is well studied for its ion exchanging function, which is indispensable for the maintenance of electrochemical gradients across the plasma membrane and herein neuronal excitability. The widely recognized pump function of NKA closely depends on its unique structure features and conformational changes upon binding of specific ions. Various Na+-dependent secondary transport systems are rigorously controlled by the ionic gradients generated by NKA and are essential for multiple physiological processes. In addition, roles of NKA as a signal transducer have also been unveiled nowadays. Plethora of signaling cascades are defined including Src-Ras-MAPK signaling, IP3R-mediated calcium oscillation, inflammation, and autophagy though most underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Ischemic stroke occurs when the blood flow carrying nutrients and oxygen into the brain is disrupted by blood clots, which is manifested by excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, etc. The protective effect of NKA against ischemic stress is emerging gradually with the application of specific NKA inhibitor. However, NKA-related research is limited due to the opposite effects caused by NKA inhibitor at lower doses. The present review focuses on the recent progression involving different aspects about NKA in cellular homeostasis to present an in-depth understanding of this unique protein. Moreover, essential roles of NKA in ischemic pathology are discussed to provide a platform and bright future for the improvement in clinical research on ischemic stroke.
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15
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Hypoxia Tolerant Species: The Wisdom of Nature Translated into Targets for Stroke Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011131. [PMID: 34681788 PMCID: PMC8537001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neurons rapidly die after ischemia and current therapies for stroke management are limited to restoration of blood flow to prevent further brain damage. Thrombolytics and mechanical thrombectomy are the available reperfusion treatments, but most of the patients remain untreated. Neuroprotective therapies focused on treating the pathogenic cascade of the disease have widely failed. However, many animal species demonstrate that neurons can survive the lack of oxygen for extended periods of time. Here, we reviewed the physiological and molecular pathways inherent to tolerant species that have been described to contribute to hypoxia tolerance. Among them, Foxo3 and Eif5A were reported to mediate anoxic survival in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans, respectively, and those results were confirmed in experimental models of stroke. In humans however, the multiple mechanisms involved in brain cell death after a stroke causes translation difficulties to arise making necessary a timely and coordinated control of the pathological changes. We propose here that, if we were able to plagiarize such natural hypoxia tolerance through drugs combined in a pharmacological cocktail it would open new therapeutic opportunities for stroke and likely, for other hypoxic conditions.
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16
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Appunni S, Gupta D, Rubens M, Ramamoorthy V, Singh HN, Swarup V. Deregulated Protein Kinases: Friend and Foe in Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6471-6489. [PMID: 34549335 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the third leading cause of mortality worldwide, but its medical management is still limited to the use of thrombolytics as a lifesaving option. Multiple molecular deregulations of the protein kinase family occur during the period of ischemia/reperfusion. However, experimental studies have shown that alterations in the expression of essential protein kinases and their pharmacological modulation can modify the neuropathological milieu and hasten neurophysiological recovery. This review highlights the role of key protein kinase members and their implications in the evolution of stroke pathophysiology. Activation of ROCK-, MAPK-, and GSK-3β-mediated pathways following neuronal ischemia/reperfusion injury in experimental conditions aggravate the neuropathology and delays recovery. Targeting ROCK, MAPK, and GSK-3β will potentially enhance myelin regeneration, improve blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, and suppress inflammation, which ameliorates neuronal survival. Conversely, protein kinases such as PKA, Akt, PKCα, PKCε, Trk, and PERK salvage neurons post-ischemia by mechanisms including enhanced toxin metabolism, restoring BBB integrity, neurotrophic effects, and apoptosis suppression. Certain protein kinases such as ERK1/2, JNK, and AMPK have favourable and unfavourable effects in salvaging ischemia-injured neurons. Targeting multiple protein kinase-mediated pathways simultaneously may improve neuronal recovery post-ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Appunni
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Deepika Gupta
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Himanshu Narayan Singh
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Centre, New York City, NY, USA.
| | - Vishnu Swarup
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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17
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Barik RR, Bhatt LK. Emerging epigenetic targets in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2021; 41:2047-2067. [PMID: 34309725 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-04951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a complex disorder that is characterized by irreversible and progressive destructions of joints, but its exact etiology remains mainly unknown. The occurrence and the progression of the disease entirely depend on environmental and genetic factors. In recent years, various epigenetic changes involving DNA methylation, histone modification, miRNA, X-chromosome inactivation, bromodomain, sirtuin, and many others were identified that were found to be linked to the activation and the aggressive phenotype in rheumatoid arthritis. Epigenetics is found to be one of the root causes, which brings changes in the heritable phenotype and is not determined by changes in the DNA sequences and understanding these epigenetic mechanisms and the pathogenesis of the disease can help in understanding the disease and various other possible ways for its control and/or prevention. The various epigenetic modification occurring are reversible and can be modulated by drugs, diet, and environmental factors. This article focuses on various epigenetic factors involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Further, various epigenetic therapies that might be successful in inhibiting these epigenetic modifications are summarized. Several therapeutic agents alter the epigenetic modifications occurring in various diseases and many of the epigenetic therapies are under pre-clinical and clinical trial. However, exploring these epigenetic prognostic biomarkers would give a broader perspective and provide more ideas and knowledge regarding the process and pathways through which the diseases occur, and also combining various therapeutic agents would show more beneficial and synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema R Barik
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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18
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Kinoshita PF, Orellana AMM, Nakao VW, de Souza Port's NM, Quintas LEM, Kawamoto EM, Scavone C. The Janus face of ouabain in Na + /K + -ATPase and calcium signalling in neurons. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1512-1524. [PMID: 33644859 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Na+ /K+ -ATPase, a transmembrane protein essential for maintaining the electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane, acts as a receptor for cardiotonic steroids such as ouabain. Cardiotonic steroids binding to Na+ /K+ -ATPase triggers signalling pathways or inhibits Na+ /K+ -ATPas activity in a concentration-dependent manner, resulting in a modulation of Ca2+ levels, which are essential for homeostasis in neurons. However, most of the pharmacological strategies for avoiding neuronal death do not target Na+ /K+ -ATPase activity due to its complexity and the poor understanding of the mechanisms involved in Na+ /K+ -ATPase modulation. The present review aims to discuss two points regarding the interplay between Na+ /K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ signalling in the brain. One, Na+ /K+ -ATPase impairment causing illness and neuronal death due to Ca2+ signalling and two, benefits to the brain by modulating Na+ /K+ -ATPase activity. These interactions play an essential role in neuronal cell fate determination and are relevant to find new targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fernanda Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Marques Orellana
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Watanabe Nakao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natacha Medeiros de Souza Port's
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Menezes Quintas
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Cao L, Xiong S, Wu Z, Ding L, Zhou Y, Sun H, Zhu M, Lee WT, Nie X, Bian JS. Anti-Na +/K +-ATPase immunotherapy ameliorates α-synuclein pathology through activation of Na +/K +-ATPase α1-dependent autophagy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/5/eabc5062. [PMID: 33571110 PMCID: PMC7840131 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc5062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) plays important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Conversely, reduced NKA activity has been reported in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. However, little is known about the function of NKA in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we report that reduction of NKA activity in NKAα1+/- mice aggravates α-synuclein-induced pathology, including a reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and deficits in behavioral tests for memory, learning, and motor function. To reverse this effect, we generated an NKA-stabilizing monoclonal antibody, DR5-12D, against the DR region (897DVEDSYGQQWTYEQR911) of the NKAα1 subunit. We demonstrate that DR5-12D can ameliorate α-synuclein-induced TH loss and behavioral deficits by accelerating α-synuclein degradation in neurons. The underlying mechanism for the beneficial effects of DR5-12D involves activation of NKAα1-dependent autophagy via increased AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway signaling. Cumulatively, this work demonstrates that NKA activity is neuroprotective and that pharmacological activation of this pathway represents a new therapeutic strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siping Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yebo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haijian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Thye Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215000, China
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20
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Mukherjee A, Katiyar R, Dembla E, Dembla M, Kumar P, Belkacemi A, Jung M, Beck A, Flockerzi V, Schwarz K, Schmitz F. Disturbed Presynaptic Ca 2+ Signaling in Photoreceptors in the EAE Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. iScience 2020; 23:101830. [PMID: 33305185 PMCID: PMC7711289 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease caused by an auto-reactive immune system. Recent studies also demonstrated synapse dysfunctions in MS patients and MS mouse models. We previously observed decreased synaptic vesicle exocytosis in photoreceptor synapses in the EAE mouse model of MS at an early, preclinical stage. In the present study, we analyzed whether synaptic defects are associated with altered presynaptic Ca2+ signaling. Using high-resolution immunolabeling, we found a reduced signal intensity of Cav-channels and RIM2 at active zones in early, preclinical EAE. In line with these morphological alterations, depolarization-evoked increases of presynaptic Ca2+ were significantly smaller. In contrast, basal presynaptic Ca2+ was elevated. We observed a decreased expression of Na+/K+-ATPase and plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase 2 (PMCA2), but not PMCA1, in photoreceptor terminals of EAE mice that could contribute to elevated basal Ca2+. Thus, complex Ca2+ signaling alterations contribute to synaptic dysfunctions in photoreceptors in early EAE. Less Cav-channels and RIM2 at the active zones of EAE photoreceptor synapses Decreased depolarization-evoked Ca2+-responses in EAE photoreceptor synapses Elevated basal, resting Ca2+ levels in preclinical EAE photoreceptor terminals Decreased expression of PMCA2 and Na+/K+-ATPase in EAE photoreceptor synapses
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Mukherjee
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Rashmi Katiyar
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ekta Dembla
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Mayur Dembla
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Anouar Belkacemi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Jung
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beck
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Karin Schwarz
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schmitz
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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Zhu M, Cao L, Xiong S, Sun H, Wu Z, Bian JS. Na +/K +-ATPase-dependent autophagy protects brain against ischemic injury. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:55. [PMID: 32433549 PMCID: PMC7237650 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Siping Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Haijian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore. .,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China.
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Sun HJ, Cao L, Zhu MY, Wu ZY, Shen CY, Nie XW, Bian JS. DR-region of Na +/K +-ATPase is a target to ameliorate hepatic insulin resistance in obese diabetic mice. Theranostics 2020; 10:6149-6166. [PMID: 32483445 PMCID: PMC7255017 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced hepatic Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity and NKAα1 expression are engaged in the pathologies of metabolism diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the potential roles of NKAα1 in hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis in both hepatocytes and obese diabetic mice. Methods: Insulin resistance was mimicked by glucosamine (GlcN) in either human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells or primary mouse primary hepatocytes. Obese diabetic mice were induced by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for 12 weeks. Results: We found that both NKA activity and NKAα1 protein level were downregulated in GlcN-treated hepatocytes and in the livers of obese diabetic mice. Pharmacological inhibition of NKA with ouabain worsened, while activation of NKAα1 with an antibody against an extracellular DR region of NKAα1 subunit (DR-Ab) prevented GlcN-induced increase in gluconeogenesis and decrease in glycogenesis. Likewise, the above results were also corroborated by the opposite effects of genetic knockout/overexpression of NKAα1 on both gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis. In obese diabetic mice, hepatic activation or overexpression of NKAα1 stimulated the PI3K/Akt pathway to suppress hyperglycemia and improve insulin resistance. More importantly, loss of NKA activities in NKAα1+/- mice was associated with more susceptibility to insulin resistance following HFD feeding. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that NKAα1 is a physiological regulator of glucose homoeostasis and its DR-region is a novel target to treat hepatic insulin resistance.
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