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Li L, Song Q, Zhou J, Ji Q. Controllers of histone methylation-modifying enzymes in gastrointestinal cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116488. [PMID: 38520871 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers have been considered primarily genetic malignancies, caused by a series of progressive genetic alterations. Accumulating evidence shows that histone methylation, an epigenetic modification program, plays an essential role in the different pathological stages of GI cancer progression, such as precancerous lesions, tumorigenesis, and tumor metastasis. Histone methylation-modifying enzymes, including histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and demethylases (HDMs), are the main executor of post-transcriptional modification. The abnormal expression of histone methylation-modifying enzymes characterizes GI cancers with complex pathogenesis and progression. Interactions between upstream controllers and histone methylation-modifying enzymes have recently been revealed, and have provided numerous opportunities to elucidate the pathogenesis of GI cancers in depth and clearly. Here we focus on the association between histone methylation-modifying enzymes and their controllers, aiming to provide a new perspective on the molecular research and clinical management of GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Medical Oncology & Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology & Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Liver Disease Department of Integrative Medicine, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China.
| | - Qing Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology & Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Xian L, Xiong Y, Qin L, Wei L, Zhou S, Wang Q, Fu Q, Chen M, Qin Y. Jun/Fos promotes migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by enhancing BORIS promoter activity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 169:106540. [PMID: 38281696 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The Brother of the Regulator of Imprinted Sites (BORIS), as a specific indicator of hepatocellular carcinoma, exhibits a significant increase in expression. However, its upstream regulatory network remains enigmatic. Previous research has indicated a strong correlation between the Hippo pathway and the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. It is well established that the Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) frequently engages in interactions with the Hippo pathway. Thus, we attempt to prove whether Jun and Fos, a major member of the AP-1 family, are involved in the regulation of BORIS expression. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the existence of binding sites for Jun and Fos within the BORIS promoter. Through a series of overexpression and knockdown experiments, we corroborated that Jun and Fos have the capacity to augment BORIS expression, thereby fostering the migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Moreover, Methylation-Specific PCR and Bisulfite Sequencing PCR assays revealed that Jun and Fos do not have a significant impact on the demethylation of the BORIS promoter. However, luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments substantiated that Jun and Fos could directly bind to the BORIS promoter, thereby enhancing its transcription. In conclusion, these results suggest that Jun and Fos can promote the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by directly regulating the expression of BORIS. These findings may provide experimental evidence positioning BORIS as a novel target for the clinical intervention of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjun Xian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yimei Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Department of Surgery Division of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Rd., Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qinda Wang
- Department of Surgery Division of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Rd., Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mingmei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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3
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Reyes ME, Pulgar V, Vivallo C, Ili CG, Mora-Lagos B, Brebi P. Epigenetic modulation of cytokine expression in gastric cancer: influence on angiogenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1347530. [PMID: 38455038 PMCID: PMC10917931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are proteins that act in the immune response and inflammation and have been associated with the development of some types of cancer, such as gastric cancer (GC). GC is a malignant neoplasm that ranks fifth in incidence and third in cancer-related mortality worldwide, making it a major public health issue. Recent studies have focused on the role these cytokines may play in GC associated with angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance, which are key factors that can affect carcinogenesis and tumor progression, quality, and patient survival. These inflammatory mediators can be regulated by epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone protein modification, and non-coding RNA, which results in the silencing or overexpression of key genes in GC, presenting different targets of action, either direct or mediated by modifications in key genes of cytokine-related signaling pathways. This review seeks insight into the relationship between cytokine-associated epigenetic regulation and its potential effects on the different stages of development and chemoresistance in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Reyes
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Victoria Pulgar
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carolina Vivallo
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carmen Gloria Ili
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Bárbara Mora-Lagos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Ni F, Tang H, Cheng S, Yu Y, Yuan Z, Chen Y, Zhang E, Wang X. KDM4B: A promising oncology therapeutic target. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:8-16. [PMID: 37923555 PMCID: PMC10823266 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are significant in tumor pathogenesis, wherein the process of histone demethylation is indispensable for regulating gene transcription, apoptosis, DNA replication, and repair of damaged DNA. The lysine demethylases (KDMs) serve an essential role in the aforementioned processes, with particular emphasis on the KDM4 family, also referred to as JMJD2. Multiple studies have underscored the significance of the KDM4 family in the regulation of various biological processes including, but not limited to, the cell cycle, DNA repair mechanisms, signaling pathways, and the progression of tumor formation. Nevertheless, it is imperative to elucidate the underlying mechanism of KDM4B, which belongs to the KDM4 gene family. This review presents a comprehensive examination of the structure, mechanism, and function of KDM4B, as well as a critical analysis of the current body of research pertaining to its involvement in tumorigenesis and development. Furthermore, this review explores the potential therapeutic strategies that specifically target KDM4B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjing Ni
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Heting Tang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Siteng Cheng
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yaoyu Yu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhihao Yuan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yingfei Chen
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Encheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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Kim TD, Gu R, Janknecht R. Methylation of the JMJD2B epigenetic regulator differentially affects its ability to coactivate the ETV1 and JUN transcription factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 14:101-115. [PMID: 38213775 PMCID: PMC10776875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) 2B (JMJD2B) is a transcriptional cofactor and histone demethylase that is involved in prostate cancer formation. However, how its function is regulated by posttranslational modification has remained elusive. Hence, we examined if JMJD2B would be regulated by lysine methylation. METHODS Through in vitro methylation assays and Western blotting with methyl-lysine specific antibodies, we analyzed lysine methylation within JMJD2B. Identified methylated lysine residues were mutated to arginine residues and the respective impact on JMJD2B transcriptional activity measured with a reporter gene assay in human LNCaP prostate cancer cells. RESULTS We discovered that JMJD2B is methylated on up to six different lysine residues. Further, we identified the suppressor of variegation 3-9/enhancer of zeste/trithorax (SET) domain-containing protein 7/9 (SET7/9) as the methyltransferase being responsible for this posttranslational modification. Mutating the methylation sites in JMJD2B to arginine residues led to diminished coactivation of the Ju-nana (JUN) transcription factor, which is a known oncogenic protein in prostate tumors. In contrast, methylation of JMJD2B had no impact on its ability to coactivate another transcription factor associated with prostate cancer, the DNA-binding protein E26 transformation-specific (ETS) variant 1 (ETV1). Consistent with a potential joint action of JMJD2B, SET7/9 and JUN in prostate cancer, the expression of JMJD2B in human prostate tumors was positively correlated with both SET7/9 and JUN levels. CONCLUSIONS The identified SET7/9-mediated methylation of JMJD2B appears to impact its cooperation with selected interacting transcription factors in prostate cancer cells. Given the implicated roles of JMJD2B beyond prostate tumorigenesis, SET7/9-mediated methylation of JMJD2B possibly also influences the development of other cancers, while its impairment might have relevance for obesity or a global developmental delay that can be elicited by reduced JMJD2B activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Dong Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Ruicai Gu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Ralf Janknecht
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma, OK, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma, OK, USA
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Zhang L, Chen Y, Li Z, Lin C, Zhang T, Wang G. Development of JmjC-domain-containing histone demethylase (KDM2-7) inhibitors for cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103519. [PMID: 36754142 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone methylation is the most common histone modification and a highly dynamic regulator of gene transcription. Methylation of lysine residues can alter the structure of chromatin, helping to regulate DNA-based nuclear activities. Lysine demethylases control and maintain epigenetic factors that affect chromatin structure and cell characteristics. A variety of diseases, including malignant tumors, are connected to their dysregulation. Advances in biochemistry and pathogenesis have prompted the discovery of small molecule inhibitors and tool compounds that disrupt lysine demethylation. In this review, we focus on JmjC-domain-containing histone lysine demethylases (KDM2-7), discussing their structures and biological roles, representative inhibitors, and therapeutic potential in cancer therapy, and aiming to provide unique insights into the development of JmjC-KDM inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yao Chen
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Zhijia Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Congcong Lin
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Guan Wang
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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Liao C, Liu X, Zhang C, Zhang Q. Tumor hypoxia: From basic knowledge to therapeutic implications. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:172-186. [PMID: 36603793 PMCID: PMC9929926 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diminished oxygen availability, termed hypoxia, within solid tumors is one of the most common characteristics of cancer. Hypoxia shapes the landscape of the tumor microenvironment (TME) into a pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic niche through arrays of pathological alterations such as abnormal vasculature, altered metabolism, immune-suppressive phenotype, etc. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that limited efficacy or the development of resistance towards antitumor therapy may be largely due to the hypoxic TME. This review will focus on summarizing the knowledge about the molecular machinery that mediates the hypoxic cellular responses and adaptations, as well as highlighting the effects and consequences of hypoxia, especially for angiogenesis regulation, cellular metabolism alteration, and immunosuppressive response within the TME. We also outline the current advances in novel therapeutic implications through targeting hypoxia in TME. A deep understanding of the basics and the role of hypoxia in the tumor will help develop better therapeutic avenues in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengheng Liao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xijuan Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Wang X, Liu Y, Ding Y, Feng G. CAMSAP2 promotes colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion through activation of JNK/c-Jun/MMP-1 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16899. [PMID: 36207462 PMCID: PMC9546856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
CAMSAP2 has been reported to act as an oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the expression CAMSAP2 and its potential roles in colorectal cancer remain unclear. In this study, qRT-PCR and immunoblotting analysis were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of CAMSAP2 in colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines. Wound-healing, transwell migration and invasion assay were performed to determine whether CAMSAP2 promotes the capabilities of migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. The results showed that CAMSAP2 was highly elevated in colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines. Moreover, the high CAMSAP2 expression was positively correlated with tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and the poor prognosis of colorectal cancer. Additionally, ectopic expression of CAMSAP2 in colorectal cancer cells promoted the migration and invasion in vitro and enhanced the lung metastasis in nude mice. Conversely, silencing CAMSAP2 resulted in an opposite phenomenon. By gain- and loss-of function experiments, we demonstrated that MMP-1 was a substantial downstream target of CAMSAP2, and it played a crucial role in regulating the migration and invasion induced by CAMSAP2 in colorectal cancer cells. Mechanistically, CAMSAP2 promoted the activation of JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway and subsequently upregulated the transcription activity of MMP-1. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that CAMSAP2 promoted colorectal cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis through activation of JNK/c-Jun/MMP-1 signaling pathway, indicating CAMSAP2 is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 473 Hanzheng Street, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Yumin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Hankou Hospital, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, China
| | - Yawen Ding
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 473 Hanzheng Street, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 473 Hanzheng Street, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China.
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JMJD family proteins in cancer and inflammation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:304. [PMID: 36050314 PMCID: PMC9434538 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of cancer entails a series of genetic mutations that favor uncontrollable tumor growth. It is believed that various factors collectively contribute to cancer, and there is no one single explanation for tumorigenesis. Epigenetic changes such as the dysregulation of enzymes modifying DNA or histones are actively involved in oncogenesis and inflammatory response. The methylation of lysine residues on histone proteins represents a class of post-translational modifications. The human Jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) protein family consists of more than 30 members. The JMJD proteins have long been identified with histone lysine demethylases (KDM) and histone arginine demethylases activities and thus could function as epigenetic modulators in physiological processes and diseases. Importantly, growing evidence has demonstrated the aberrant expression of JMJD proteins in cancer and inflammatory diseases, which might serve as an underlying mechanism for the initiation and progression of such diseases. Here, we discuss the role of key JMJD proteins in cancer and inflammation, including the intensively studied histone lysine demethylases, as well as the understudied group of JMJD members. In particular, we focused on epigenetic changes induced by each JMJD member and summarized recent research progress evaluating their therapeutic potential for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Li Z, Zhao B, Qin C, Wang Y, Li T, Wang W. Chromatin Dynamics in Digestive System Cancer: Commander and Regulator. Front Oncol 2022; 12:935877. [PMID: 35965507 PMCID: PMC9372441 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.935877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive system tumors have a poor prognosis due to complex anatomy, insidious onset, challenges in early diagnosis, and chemoresistance. Epidemiological statistics has verified that digestive system tumors rank first in tumor-related death. Although a great number of studies are devoted to the molecular biological mechanism, early diagnostic markers, and application of new targeted drugs in digestive system tumors, the therapeutic effect is still not satisfactory. Epigenomic alterations including histone modification and chromatin remodeling are present in human cancers and are now known to cooperate with genetic changes to drive the cancer phenotype. Chromatin is the carrier of genetic information and consists of DNA, histones, non-histone proteins, and a small amount of RNA. Chromatin and nucleosomes control the stability of the eukaryotic genome and regulate DNA processes such as transcription, replication, and repair. The dynamic structure of chromatin plays a key role in this regulatory function. Structural fluctuations expose internal DNA and thus provide access to the nuclear machinery. The dynamic changes are affected by various complexes and epigenetic modifications. Variation of chromatin dynamics produces early and superior regulation of the expression of related genes and downstream pathways, thereby controlling tumor development. Intervention at the chromatin level can change the process of cancer earlier and is a feasible option for future tumor diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we introduced chromatin dynamics including chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, and chromatin accessibility, and current research on chromatin regulation in digestive system tumors was also summarized.
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Liu JS, Fang WK, Yang SM, Wu MC, Chen TJ, Chen CM, Lin TY, Liu KL, Wu CM, Chen YC, Chuu CP, Wang LY, Hsieh HP, Kung HJ, Wang WC. Natural product myricetin is a pan-KDM4 inhibitor which with poly lactic-co-glycolic acid formulation effectively targets castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:29. [PMID: 35534851 PMCID: PMC9082844 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with sustained androgen receptor (AR) signaling remains a critical clinical challenge, despite androgen depletion therapy. The Jumonji C-containing histone lysine demethylase family 4 (KDM4) members, KDM4A‒KDM4C, serve as critical coactivators of AR to promote tumor growth in prostate cancer and are candidate therapeutic targets to overcome AR mutations/alterations-mediated resistance in CRPC. Methods In this study, using a structure-based approach, we identified a natural product, myricetin, able to block the demethylation of histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation by KDM4 members and evaluated its effects on CRPC. A structure-based screening was employed to search for a natural product that inhibited KDM4B. Inhibition kinetics of myricetin was determined. The cytotoxic effect of myricetin on various prostate cancer cells was evaluated. The combined effect of myricetin with enzalutamide, a second-generation AR inhibitor toward C4-2B, a CRPC cell line, was assessed. To improve bioavailability, myricetin encapsulated by poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), the US food and drug administration (FDA)-approved material as drug carriers, was synthesized and its antitumor activity alone or with enzalutamide was evaluated using in vivo C4-2B xenografts. Results Myricetin was identified as a potent α-ketoglutarate-type inhibitor that blocks the demethylation activity by KDM4s and significantly reduced the proliferation of both androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and androgen-independent CRPC (CWR22Rv1 and C4-2B). A synergistic cytotoxic effect toward C4-2B was detected for the combination of myricetin and enzalutamide. PLGA-myricetin, enzalutamide, and the combined treatment showed significantly greater antitumor activity than that of the control group in the C4-2B xenograft model. Tumor growth was significantly lower for the combination treatment than for enzalutamide or myricetin treatment alone. Conclusions These results suggest that myricetin is a pan-KDM4 inhibitor and exhibited potent cell cytotoxicity toward CRPC cells. Importantly, the combination of PLGA-encapsulated myricetin with enzalutamide is potentially effective for CRPC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00812-3.
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del Moral-Morales A, Salgado-Albarrán M, Ortiz-Gutiérrez E, Pérez-Hernández G, Soto-Reyes E. Transcriptomic and Drug Discovery Analyses Reveal Natural Compounds Targeting the KDM4 Subfamily as Promising Adjuvant Treatments in Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:860924. [PMID: 35480330 PMCID: PMC9036480 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.860924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KDM4 proteins are a subfamily of histone demethylases that target the trimethylation of lysines 9 and 36 of histone H3, which are associated with transcriptional repression and elongation respectively. Their deregulation in cancer may lead to chromatin structure alteration and transcriptional defects that could promote malignancy. Despite that KDM4 proteins are promising drug targets in cancer therapy, only a few drugs have been described as inhibitors of these enzymes, while studies on natural compounds as possible inhibitors are still needed. Natural compounds are a major source of biologically active substances and many are known to target epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation and histone deacetylation, making them a rich source for the discovery of new histone demethylase inhibitors. Here, using transcriptomic analyses we determined that the KDM4 family is deregulated and associated with a poor prognosis in multiple neoplastic tissues. Also, by molecular docking and molecular dynamics approaches, we screened the COCONUT database to search for inhibitors of natural origin compared to FDA-approved drugs and DrugBank databases. We found that molecules from natural products presented the best scores in the FRED docking analysis. Molecules with sugars, aromatic rings, and the presence of OH or O- groups favor the interaction with the active site of KDM4 subfamily proteins. Finally, we integrated a protein-protein interaction network to correlate data from transcriptomic analysis and docking screenings to propose FDA-approved drugs that could be used as multitarget therapies or in combination with the potential natural inhibitors of KDM4 enzymes. This study highlights the relevance of the KDM4 family in cancer and proposes natural compounds that could be used as potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin del Moral-Morales
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marisol Salgado-Albarrán
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), Mexico City, Mexico
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Ortiz-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Pérez-Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Ernesto Soto-Reyes, ; Gerardo Pérez-Hernández,
| | - Ernesto Soto-Reyes
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Ernesto Soto-Reyes, ; Gerardo Pérez-Hernández,
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Sokolova O, Naumann M. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Helicobacter pylori-Associated Gastritis and Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031883. [PMID: 35163805 PMCID: PMC8836485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of the cancer-related mortality worldwide. The etiology of this disease is complex and involves genetic predisposition and environmental factors, including Helicobacter pylori. Infection of the stomach with H. pylori leads to gastritis and gastric atrophy, which can progress stepwise to gastric cancer. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) actively participate in the pathology development. The further progression of gastric cancer seems to be less dependent on bacteria but of intra-tumor cell dynamics. Bioinformatics data confirmed an important role of the extracellular matrix constituents and specific MMPs in stomach carcinoma invasion and metastasis, and revised their potential as predictors of the disease outcome. In this review, we describe, in detail, the impact of MMPs in H. pylori-associated gastritis and gastric cancer.
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14
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Ye F, Li J, Xu P, Xie Z, Zheng G, Liu W, Ye G, Yu W, Lin J, Su Z, Che Y, Zhang Z, Wang P, Wu Y, Shen H. Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells promotes c-Jun-dependent secretion of interleukin 8 and mediates the migration and differentiation of CD4+ T cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:58. [PMID: 35123547 PMCID: PMC8818240 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The immune system and the skeletal system have complex interactions in the bone marrow and even in the joints, which has promoted the development of the concept of osteoimmunology. Some evidence has indicated that T cells and B cells contribute to the balance between the resorption and formation of bone. However, there has been little discussion on the regulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes by cells involved in bone metabolism. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which exert core functions related to immunoregulation and osteogenic differentiation, are crucial cells linked to both bone metabolism and the immune system. Previous studies have shown that the immunoregulatory capacity of MSCs changes following differentiation. However, it is still unclear whether the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs affects the migration and differentiation of CD4+ T cells. Methods MSCs were cultured in growth medium or osteogenic medium for 10 days and then cocultured with CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cell migration and differentiation were detected by flow cytometry. Further, gene expression levels of specific cytokines were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A Proteome Profiler Human XL Cytokine Array Kit was used to analyze supernatants collected from MSCs. Alizarin red S staining and Alkaline phosphatase assay were used to detect the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Results Here, we found that the migration of CD4+ T cells was elevated, and the capacity to induce the differentiation of regulatory T (Treg) cells was weakened during MSC osteogenic differentiation, while the differentiation of T helper 1 (Th1), T helper 2 (Th2) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells was not affected. Further studies revealed that interleukin (IL)-8 was significantly upregulated during MSC osteogenic differentiation. Both a neutralizing antibody and IL-8-specific siRNA significantly inhibited the migration of CD4+ T cells and promoted the differentiation of Treg cells. Finally, we found that the transcription factor c-Jun was involved in regulating the expression of IL-8 and affected the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, thereby mediating the migration and differentiation of CD4+ T cells. Conclusion This study demonstrated that MSC osteogenic differentiation promoted c-Jun-dependent secretion of IL-8 and mediated the migration and differentiation of CD4+ T cells. These results provide a further understanding of the crosstalk between bone and the immune system and reveal information about the relationship between osteogenesis and inflammation in the field of osteoimmunology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02735-0.
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15
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Zheng L, Wu Y, Shen L, Liang X, Yang Z, Li S, Li T, Shang W, Shao W, Wang Y, Liu F, Ma L, Jia J. Mechanisms of JARID1B Up-Regulation and Its Role in Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:757497. [PMID: 34778074 PMCID: PMC8581301 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.757497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Helicobacter pylori infection can induce GC through a serial cascade of events, with emerging evidence suggesting the important role of epigenetic alterations in the development and progression of the disease. Here, we report on mechanisms responsible for Jumonji AT-rich interactive domain1B (JARID1B) upregulation in GC and its role in the malignant transformation induced by H. pylori infection. We found that upregulation of JARID1B was associated with poorer prognosis, greater tumor purity, and less immune cell infiltration into the tumor. Mechanistically, we showed that the upregulation of JARID1B in human GC was attributed to JARID1B amplification and its induction by H. pylori infection. Furthermore, we identified miR-29c as a negative regulator of JARID1B in GC. H. pylori caused downregulation of miR-29c in human GC and thereby contributed to JARID1B upregulation through relieving posttranscriptional regulation. Functionally, we showed that knockdown of JARID1B reduced GC cell proliferation induced by H. pylori infection. Subsequently, cyclinD1 (CCND1), a key molecule in GC, was shown to be a target gene of JARID1B. In conclusion, these results suggest that JARID1B may be an oncogene upregulated in human GC and could represent a novel therapeutic target to prevent malignant transformation induced by H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Shen
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuming Liang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zongcheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjing Shang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jihui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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16
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Wu MJ, Chen CJ, Lin TY, Liu YY, Tseng LL, Cheng ML, Chuu CP, Tsai HK, Kuo WL, Kung HJ, Wang WC. Targeting KDM4B that coactivates c-Myc-regulated metabolism to suppress tumor growth in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Theranostics 2021; 11:7779-7796. [PMID: 34335964 PMCID: PMC8315051 DOI: 10.7150/thno.58729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The progression of prostate cancer (PCa) to castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) despite continuous androgen deprivation therapy is a major clinical challenge. Over 90% of patients with CRPC exhibit sustained androgen receptor (AR) signaling. KDM4B that removes the repressive mark H3K9me3/2 is a transcriptional activator of AR and has been implicated in the development of CRPC. However, the mechanisms of KDM4B involvement in CRPC remain largely unknown. Here, we sought to demonstrate the molecular pathway mediated by KDM4B in CRPC and to provide proof-of-concept evidence that KDM4B is a potential CRPC target. Methods: CRPC cells (C4-2B or CWR22Rv1) depleted with KDM4B followed by cell proliferation (in vitro and xenograft), microarray, qRT-PCR, Seahorse Flux, and metabolomic analyses were employed to identify the expression and metabolic profiles mediated by KDM4B. Immunoprecipitation was used to determine the KDM4B-c-Myc interaction region. Reporter activity assay and ChIP analysis were used to characterize the KDM4B-c-Myc complex-mediated mechanistic actions. The clinical relevance between KDM4B and c-Myc was determined using UCSC Xena analysis and immunohistochemistry. Results: We showed that KDM4B knockdown impaired CRPC proliferation, switched Warburg to OXPHOS metabolism, and suppressed gene expressions including those targeted by c-Myc. We further demonstrated that KDM4B physically interacted with c-Myc and they were co-recruited to the c-Myc-binding sequence on the promoters of metabolic genes (LDHA, ENO1, and PFK). Importantly, KDM4B and c-Myc synergistically promoted the transactivation of the LDHA promoter in a demethylase-dependent manner. We also provided evidence that KDM4B and c-Myc are co-expressed in PCa tissue and that high expression of both is associated with worse clinical outcome. Conclusions: KDM4B partners with c-Myc and serves as a coactivator of c-Myc to directly enhance c-Myc-mediated metabolism, hence promoting CRPC progression. Targeting KDM4B is thus an alternative therapeutic strategy for advanced prostate cancers driven by c-Myc and AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jen Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yuan Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Lu Tseng
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Pin Chuu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Kuang Tsai
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Kuo
- Division of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linko Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis Cancer Centre, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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17
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Yi SJ, Jang YJ, Kim HJ, Lee K, Lee H, Kim Y, Kim J, Hwang SY, Song JS, Okada H, Park JI, Kang K, Kim K. The KDM4B-CCAR1-MED1 axis is a critical regulator of osteoclast differentiation and bone homeostasis. Bone Res 2021; 9:27. [PMID: 34031372 PMCID: PMC8144413 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone undergoes a constant and continuous remodeling process that is tightly regulated by the coordinated and sequential actions of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. Recent studies have shown that histone demethylases are implicated in osteoblastogenesis; however, little is known about the role of histone demethylases in osteoclast formation. Here, we identified KDM4B as an epigenetic regulator of osteoclast differentiation. Knockdown of KDM4B significantly blocked the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells. Mice with myeloid-specific conditional knockout of KDM4B showed an osteopetrotic phenotype due to osteoclast deficiency. Biochemical analysis revealed that KDM4B physically and functionally associates with CCAR1 and MED1 in a complex. Using genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing, we revealed that the KDM4B–CCAR1–MED1 complex is localized to the promoters of several osteoclast-related genes upon receptor activator of NF-κB ligand stimulation. We demonstrated that the KDM4B–CCAR1–MED1 signaling axis induces changes in chromatin structure (euchromatinization) near the promoters of osteoclast-related genes through H3K9 demethylation, leading to NF-κB p65 recruitment via a direct interaction between KDM4B and p65. Finally, small molecule inhibition of KDM4B activity impeded bone loss in an ovariectomized mouse model. Taken together, our findings establish KDM4B as a critical regulator of osteoclastogenesis, providing a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ju Yi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jee Jang
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju Center at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Kim
- New Drug Development Center, KBIO Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyubin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeojin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Junil Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Young Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Song
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hitoshi Okada
- Department of Biochemistry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju Center at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Sterling J, Menezes SV, Abbassi RH, Munoz L. Histone lysine demethylases and their functions in cancer. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2375-2388. [PMID: 33128779 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are enzymes that remove the methylation marks on lysines in nucleosomes' histone tails. These changes in methylation marks regulate gene transcription during both development and malignant transformation. Depending on which lysine residue is targeted, the effect of a given KDM on gene transcription can be either activating or repressing, and KDMs can regulate the expression of both oncogenes and tumour suppressors. Thus, the functions of KDMs can be regarded as both oncogenic and tumour suppressive, contingent on cell context and the enzyme isoform. Finally, KDMs also demethylate nonhistone proteins and have a variety of demethylase-independent functions. These epigenetic and other mechanisms that KDMs control make them important regulators of malignant tumours. Here, we present an overview of eight KDM subfamilies, their most-studied lysine targets and selected recent data on their roles in cancer stem cells, tumour aggressiveness and drug tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden Sterling
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sharleen V Menezes
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ramzi H Abbassi
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lenka Munoz
- School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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19
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Sun S, Yang F, Zhu Y, Zhang S. RETRACTED: KDM4A promotes the growth of non-small cell lung cancer by mediating the expression of Myc via DLX5 through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 262:118508. [PMID: 33002480 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the authors as they “found major problems in the data and conclusions through their later research”. 1. When the authors performed flow cytometry to detect apoptosis, the Annexin-V-coupled fluorophore they used was Fluor 647 (as described in the Methods section), which was incorrectly labelled as the Annexin-V-coupled fluorophore as FITC in their Figures (Fig. 5E, 7C and Fig. S1D). The excitation wavelengths of Alexa Fluor 647 (594/633 nm) are different from that of FITC (490 nm/520 nm), this mistake would lead to unreliability of their data. 2. The authors discovered a major error during the traceability of the antibodies used in the experiments. The primary antibody they used to detect KDM4A was actually a primary antibody for KDM6B, as evidenced by the western blots. KDM6B is a 177-kDa protein (consistent with the kDa shown in Fig. 1K and Fig. 2B), while KDM4A is a 150-kDa protein. 3. Lastly, the authors carelessly mislabeled KDM4A as KDM4B in Fig. 7. The authors and the Editors believe that the conclusions of the paper are not dependable, so we have decided to retract the paper. Apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Sun
- Department of General Oncotherapy, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fujun Yang
- Department of General Oncotherapy, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yongcun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shukun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, Shandong, PR China.
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20
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Targeting the histone demethylase PHF8-mediated PKCα-Src-PTEN axis in HER2-negative gastric cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24859-24866. [PMID: 32958674 PMCID: PMC7547212 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919766117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted treatments for advanced gastric cancer (GC) are needed, particularly for HER2-negative GC, which represents the majority of cases (80 to 88%). In this study, in silico analyses of the lysine histone demethylases (KDMs) involved in diverse biological processes and diseases revealed that PHD finger protein 8 (PHF8, KDM7B) was significantly associated with poor clinical outcome in HER2-negative GC. The depletion of PHF8 significantly reduced cancer progression in GC cells and in mouse xenografts. PHF8 regulated genes involved in cell migration/motility based on a microarray analysis. Of note, PHF8 interacted with c-Jun on the promoter of PRKCA which encodes PKCα. The depletion of PHF8 or PKCα greatly up-regulated PTEN expression, which could be rescued by ectopic expression of a PKCα expression vector or an active Src. These suggest that PTEN destabilization occurs mainly via the PKCα-Src axis. GC cells treated with midostaurin or bosutinib significantly suppressed migration in vitro and in zebrafish models. Immunohistochemical analyses of PHF8, PKCα, and PTEN showed a positive correlation between PHF8 and PKCα but negative correlations between PHF8 and PTEN and between PKCα and PTEN. Moreover, high PHF8-PKCα expression was significantly correlated with worse prognosis. Together, our results suggest that the PKCα-Src-PTEN pathway regulated by PHF8/c-Jun is a potential prognostic/therapeutic target in HER2-negative advanced GC.
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21
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Tang DE, Dai Y, He JX, Lin LW, Leng QX, Geng XY, Fu DX, Jiang HW, Xu SH. Targeting the KDM4B-AR-c-Myc axis promotes sensitivity to androgen receptor-targeted therapy in advanced prostate cancer. J Pathol 2020; 252:101-113. [PMID: 32617978 DOI: 10.1002/path.5495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The histone demethylase KDM4B functions as a key co-activator for the androgen receptor (AR) and plays a vital in multiple cancers through controlling gene expression by epigenetic regulation of H3K9 methylation marks. Constitutively active androgen receptor confers anti-androgen resistance in advanced prostate cancer. However, the role of KDM4B in resistance to next-generation anti-androgens and the mechanisms of KDM4B regulation are poorly defined. Here we found that KDM4B is overexpressed in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells. Overexpression of KDM4B promoted recruitment of AR to the c-Myc (MYC) gene enhancer and induced H3K9 demethylation, increasing AR-dependent transcription of c-Myc mRNA, which regulates the sensitivity to next-generation AR-targeted therapy. Inhibition of KDM4B significantly inhibited prostate tumor cell growth in xenografts, and improved enzalutamide treatments through suppression of c-Myc. Clinically, KDM4B expression was found upregulated and to correlate with prostate cancer progression and poor prognosis. Our results revealed a novel mechanism of anti-androgen resistance via histone demethylase alteration which could be targeted through inhibition of KDM4B to reduce AR-dependent c-Myc expression and overcome resistance to AR-targeted therapies. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-E Tang
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yong Dai
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jia-Xi He
- Department of Pathology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lie-Wen Lin
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Qi-Xin Leng
- Department of Pathology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xin-Yan Geng
- Department of Biochemistry, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - De-Xue Fu
- Department of Surgery, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hao-Wu Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Song-Hui Xu
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China.,Department of Pathology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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The role of histone methylation in the development of digestive cancers: a potential direction for cancer management. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:143. [PMID: 32747629 PMCID: PMC7398912 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive cancers are the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and have high risks of morbidity and mortality. Histone methylation, which is mediated mainly by lysine methyltransferases, lysine demethylases, and protein arginine methyltransferases, has emerged as an essential mechanism regulating pathological processes in digestive cancers. Under certain conditions, aberrant expression of these modifiers leads to abnormal histone methylation or demethylation in the corresponding cancer-related genes, which contributes to different processes and phenotypes, such as carcinogenesis, proliferation, metabolic reprogramming, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, invasion, and migration, during digestive cancer development. In this review, we focus on the association between histone methylation regulation and the development of digestive cancers, including gastric cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer, as well as on its clinical application prospects, aiming to provide a new perspective on the management of digestive cancers.
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Lee DH, Kim GW, Jeon YH, Yoo J, Lee SW, Kwon SH. Advances in histone demethylase KDM4 as cancer therapeutic targets. FASEB J 2020; 34:3461-3484. [PMID: 31961018 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902584r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The KDM4 subfamily H3K9 histone demethylases are epigenetic regulators that control chromatin structure and gene expression by demethylating histone H3K9, H3K36, and H1.4K26. The KDM4 subfamily mainly consists of four proteins (KDM4A-D), all harboring the Jumonji C domain (JmjC) but with differential substrate specificities. KDM4A-C proteins also possess the double PHD and Tudor domains, whereas KDM4D lacks these domains. KDM4 proteins are overexpressed or deregulated in multiple cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and mental retardation and are thus potential therapeutic targets. Despite extensive efforts, however, there are very few KDM4-selective inhibitors. Defining the exact physiological and oncogenic functions of KDM4 demethylase will provide the foundation for the discovery of novel potent inhibitors. In this review, we focus on recent studies highlighting the oncogenic functions of KDM4s and the interplay between KDM4-mediated epigenetic and metabolic pathways in cancer. We also review currently available KDM4 inhibitors and discuss their potential as therapeutic agents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Woon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Hyun Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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