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Tyagi SC, Pushpakumar S, Sen U, Akinterinwa OE, Zheng Y, Mokshagundam SPL, Kalra DK, Singh M. Role of circadian clock system in the mitochondrial trans-sulfuration pathway and tissue remodeling. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:105-115. [PMID: 37979203 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies from our laboratory revealed that the gaseous molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a metabolic product of epigenetics, involves trans-sulfuration pathway for ensuring metabolism and clearance of homocysteine (Hcy) from body, thereby mitigating the skeletal muscle's pathological remodeling. Although the master circadian clock regulator that is known as brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like protein 1 (i.e., BMAL 1) is associated with S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) and Hcy metabolism but how trans-sulfuration pathway is influenced by the circadian clock remains unexplored. We hypothesize that alterations in the functioning of circadian clock during sleep and wake cycle affect skeletal muscle's biology. To test this hypothesis, we measured serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities using gelatin gels for analyzing the MMP-2 and MMP-9. Further, employing casein gels, we also studied MMP-13 that is known to be influenced by the growth arrest and DNA damage-45 (GADD45) protein during sleep and wake cycle. The wild type and cystathionine β synthase-deficient (CBS-/+) mice strains were treated with H2S and subjected to measurement of trans-sulfuration factors from skeletal muscle tissues. The results suggested highly robust activation of MMPs in the wake mice versus sleep mice, which appears somewhat akin to the "1-carbon metabolic dysregulation", which takes place during remodeling of extracellular matrix during muscular dystrophy. Interestingly, the levels of trans-sulfuration factors such as CBS, cystathionine γ lyase (CSE), methyl tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT), and Hcy-protein bound paraoxonase 1 (PON1) were attenuated in CBS-/+ mice. However, treatment with H2S mitigated the attenuation of the trans-sulfuration pathway. In addition, levels of mitochondrial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC 1-α) and mitofusin-2 (MFN-2) were significantly improved by H2S intervention. Our findings suggest participation of the circadian clock in trans-sulfuration pathway that affects skeletal muscle remodeling and mitochondrial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Oluwaseun E Akinterinwa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yuting Zheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sri Prakash L Mokshagundam
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes and Robley Rex VA Medical Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Dinesh K Kalra
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Wang R, Tang C. Hydrogen Sulfide Biomedical Research in China-20 Years of Hindsight. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2136. [PMID: 36358508 PMCID: PMC9686505 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important gasotransmitter that is produced by mammalian cells and performs profound physiological and pathophysiological functions. Biomedical research on H2S metabolism and function in China began 20 years ago, which pioneered the examination of the correlation of abnormal H2S metabolism and cardiovascular diseases. Over the last two decades, research teams in China have made numerous breakthrough discoveries on the effects of H2S metabolism on hypertension, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, shock, angiogenesis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pain, iron homeostasis, and testicle function, to name a few. These research developments, carried by numerous research teams all over China, build nationwide research network and advance both laboratory study and clinical applications. An integrated and collaborative research strategy would further promote and sustain H2S biomedical research in China and in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing 100191, China
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Ayabe T, Hisasue M, Yamada Y, Nitta S, Kikuchi K, Neo S, Matsumoto Y, Horie R, Kawamoto K. Characterisation of canine CD34+/CD45 diminished cells by colony-forming unit assay and transcriptome analysis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:936623. [PMID: 36172613 PMCID: PMC9510753 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.936623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are used for transplantation to reconstruct the haematopoietic pathways in humans receiving severe chemotherapy. However, the characteristics of canine HSPCs, such as specific surface antigens and gene expression profiles, are still unclear. This study aimed to characterise the haematopoietic ability and gene expression profiles of canine bone marrow HSPCs in healthy dogs. In this study, the CD34 positive (CD34+) cells were defined as classical HSPCs, CD34+/CD45 diminished (CD45dim) cells as more enriched HSPCs, and whole viable cells as controls. Haematopoietic abilities and gene expression profiles were evaluated using a colony-forming unit assay and RNA-sequencing analysis. Canine CD34+/CD45dim cells exhibited a significantly higher haematopoietic colony formation ability and expressed more similarity in the gene expression profiles to human and mouse HSPCs than those of the other cell fractions. Furthermore, the canine CD34+/CD45dim cells expressed candidate cell surface antigens necessary to define the canine haematopoietic hierarchy roadmap. These results indicate that the canine CD34+/CD45dim cells express the HSPC characteristics more than the other cell fractions, thereby suggesting that these cells have the potential to be used for studying haematopoietic stem cells in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Ayabe
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Research and Development Section, Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hisasue
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masaharu Hisasue
| | - Yoko Yamada
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Suguru Nitta
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kaoruko Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Sakurako Neo
- Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsumoto
- Research and Development Section, Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryo Horie
- Research and Development Section, Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kawamoto
- Research and Development Section, Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Yokohama, Japan
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4
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Ma J, Ma HM, Shen MQ, Wang YY, Bao YX, Liu Y, Ke Y, Qian ZM. The Role of Iron in Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E Deficient Mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:857933. [PMID: 35669479 PMCID: PMC9163807 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.857933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of iron in atherosclerosis is still a controversial and unsolved issue. Here, we investigated serum iron, expression of iron regulatory, transport and storage proteins, pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines in ApoE–/– mice. We demonstrated that ApoE–/– induced atherosclerosis and an increase in iron contents, expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), iron regulatory proteins (IRPs), heme oxygenase 1 (HO1), cellular adhesion molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and a reduction in expression of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme in aortic tissues. All of these changes induced by ApoE deficiency could be significantly abolished by deferoxamine. The data showed that the increased iron in aortic tissues was mainly due to the increased iron uptake via IRP/TfR1 upregulation. These findings plus a brief analysis of the controversial results reported previously showed that ApoE deficiency-induced atherosclerosis is partly mediated by the increased iron in aortic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Min Ma
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Meng-Qi Shen
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuan Yuan Wang
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xin Bao
- Research Center for Medicine and Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Pain and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Ya Ke,
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Zhong-Ming Qian,
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Arif HM, Qian Z, Wang R. Signaling Integration of Hydrogen Sulfide and Iron on Cellular Functions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:275-293. [PMID: 34498949 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous signaling molecule, regulating numerous physiological functions from vasorelaxation to neuromodulation. Iron is a well-known bioactive metal ion, being the central component of hemoglobin for oxygen transportation and participating in biomolecule degradation, redox balance, and enzymatic actions. The interplay between H2S and iron metabolisms and functions impacts significantly on the fate and wellness of different types of cells. Recent Advances: Iron level in vivo affects the production of H2S via nonenzymatic reactions. On the contrary, H2S quenches excessive iron inside the cells and regulates the redox status of iron. Critical Issues: Abnormal metabolisms of both iron and H2S are associated with various conditions and diseases such as iron overload, anemia, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The molecular mechanisms for the interactions between H2S and iron are unsettled yet. Here we review signaling links of the production, metabolism, and their respective and integrative functions of H2S and iron in normalcy and diseases. Future Directions: Physiological and pathophysiological importance of H2S and iron as well as their therapeutic applications should be evaluated jointly, not separately. Future investigation should expand from iron-rich cells and tissues to the others, in which H2S and iron interaction has not received due attention. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 275-293.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongming Qian
- Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
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Kim E, Lee HG, Han S, Seo KH, Kim H. Effect of Surface Layer Proteins Derived from Paraprobiotic Kefir Lactic Acid Bacteria on Inflammation and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15157-15164. [PMID: 34882385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The antiobesity action of nonviable probiotic lactic acid bacteria (PLAB) may be attributed to bacterial cellular components recognized by host cells. The anti-inflammation and antiobesity properties of surface layer proteins (SLPs) that are cellular components isolated from kefir PLAB were determined in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and obese mice. Kefir SLPs significantly decreased secretion of IL-6 and production of NF-kB p65 protein by LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-response manner. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet with oral administration of either saline (CON) or kefir SLPs for 6 weeks. SLPs significantly improved body weight gain and adipose tissue weight, plasma triglyceride concentrations, and insulin resistance. Profiling of adipocyte gene expression showed that the antiobesity effect was significantly related to the expression of genes associated with adipogenesis, autophagy, and inflammatory/immune response, and fatty acid oxidation. Taken together, SLPs are a novel bioactive component in kefir PLABs to target obesity and obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eseul Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyu Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Sanghoon Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
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Multiple roles of haem in cystathionine β-synthase activity: implications for hemin and other therapies of acute hepatic porphyria. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229241. [PMID: 34251022 PMCID: PMC8298261 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of haem in the activity of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) is reviewed and a hypothesis postulating multiple effects of haem on enzyme activity under conditions of haem excess or deficiency is proposed, with implications for some therapies of acute hepatic porphyrias. CBS utilises both haem and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) as cofactors. Although haem does not participate directly in the catalytic process, it is vital for PLP binding to the enzyme and potentially also for CBS stability. Haem deficiency can therefore undermine CBS activity by impairing PLP binding and facilitating CBS degradation. Excess haem can also impair CBS activity by inhibiting it via CO resulting from haem induction of haem oxygenase 1 (HO 1), and by induction of a functional vitamin B6 deficiency following activation of hepatic tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and subsequent utilisation of PLP by enhanced kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) and kynureninase (Kynase) activities. CBS inhibition results in accumulation of the cardiovascular risk factor homocysteine (Hcy) and evidence is emerging for plasma Hcy elevation in patients with acute hepatic porphyrias. Decreased CBS activity may also induce a proinflammatory state, inhibit expression of haem oxygenase and activate the extrahepatic kynurenine pathway (KP) thereby further contributing to the Hcy elevation. The hypothesis predicts likely changes in CBS activity and plasma Hcy levels in untreated hepatic porphyria patients and in those receiving hemin or certain gene-based therapies. In the present review, these aspects are discussed, means of testing the hypothesis in preclinical experimental settings and porphyric patients are suggested and potential nutritional and other therapies are proposed.
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Talebnejad MR, Azimi A, Khalili MR, Meshksar A. The Role of Trace Elements in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2021; 16:165-170. [PMID: 34055253 PMCID: PMC8126740 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v16i2.9079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) is an age-related condition, characterized by deposition of whitish flake-shaped materials in the anterior segment of the eye. Although it occurs all over the world, a considerable racial variation exists. According to the high frequency of PXF in Iran and the importance of prevention and early treatment, we evaluated the plasma level of iron, zinc, copper, and magnesium in patients with PXF. Methods In this study, 83 individuals were enrolled; 40 patients with cataract and PXF as the case group and 43 age- and sex-matched individuals with cataract but without PXF as the control group. The serum levels of the mentioned microelements were compared in two groups. Results In the case group, 25 (62.5%) male and 15 (37.5%) female subjects participated. In the control group, the corresponding figures were 22 (51.2%) and 21 (48.8%), respectively. The mean age of the case group was 66.07 ± 9.46 and that for the control group was 66.88 ± 8.04 years. Regarding the case group, the serum levels of iron, zinc, copper, and magnesium were 60.58 ± 21.04, 84.7 ± 14.37, 120.23 ± 14.43, and 2.11 ± 0.23, respectively. These serum levels in the control group were 89.07 ± 26.06, 97.51 ± 17.42, 123.33 ± 19.01, and 2.14 ± 0.16. The serum levels of iron and zinc were significantly lower in the case group than the control group (P< 0.0001); however, such a difference was not observed in terms of copper and magnesium serum levels. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the serum iron and zinc levels were lower in PXF patients. Nutritional deficiency may be a cause of zonular weakness in these patients. Heme is a cofactor for the enzyme which contributes to the biosynthesis of fibrillin, the major protein in zonular fibers. Therefore, iron can play a substantial role in the biosynthesis of the fibrils and also in the zonular stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Talebnejad
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Azimi
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khalili
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aidin Meshksar
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Ma J, Qian C, Bao Y, Liu MY, Ma HM, Shen MQ, Li W, Wang JJ, Bao YX, Liu Y, Ke Y, Qian ZM. Apolipoprotein E deficiency induces a progressive increase in tissue iron contents with age in mice. Redox Biol 2021; 40:101865. [PMID: 33493903 PMCID: PMC7823209 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Association of both iron/hepcidin and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) with development of Alzheimer disease (AD) and atherosclerosis led us to hypothesize that ApoE might be required for body iron homeostasis. Here, we demonstrated that ApoE knock-out (KO) induced a progressive accumulation of iron with age in the liver and spleen of mice. Subsequent investigations showed that the increased iron in the liver and spleen was due to phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases (pERK) mediated up-regulation of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)-dependent down-regulation of ferroportin 1. Furthermore, replenishment of ApoE could partially reverse the iron-related phenotype in ApoE KO mice. The findings imply that ApoE may be essential for body iron homeostasis and also suggest that clinical late-onset diseases with unexplained iron abnormality may partly be related to deficiency or reduced expression of ApoE. Apolipoprotein E deficiency induces a progressive increase in tissue iron contents with age in mice. ApoE−/− induced a progressive accumulation of iron with age in the liver and spleen of mice. The increased iron was due to upregulation of TfR1 and downregulation of Fpn1. Replenishment of ApoE could partially reverse the iron-related phenotype in ApoE KO mice. ApoE may be essential for body iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China; Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Pharmacy School, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Christopher Qian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Bao
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Meng-Yue Liu
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hui-Min Ma
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Meng-Qi Shen
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Wang
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Pharmacy School, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China; Research Center for Medicine and Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu-Xin Bao
- Research Center for Medicine and Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Pain and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China; Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Pharmacy School, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Gáll T, Pethő D, Nagy A, Balla G, Balla J. Therapeutic Potential of Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2S) in Hemolytic and Hemorrhagic Vascular Disorders-Interaction between the Heme Oxygenase and H 2S-Producing Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010047. [PMID: 33374506 PMCID: PMC7793096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, substantial work has established that hemoglobin oxidation and heme release play a pivotal role in hemolytic/hemorrhagic disorders. Recent reports have shown that oxidized hemoglobins, globin-derived peptides, and heme trigger diverse biological responses, such as toll-like receptor 4 activation with inflammatory response, reprogramming of cellular metabolism, differentiation, stress, and even death. Here, we discuss these cellular responses with particular focus on their mechanisms that are linked to the pathological consequences of hemorrhage and hemolysis. In recent years, endogenous gasotransmitters, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), have gained a lot of interest in connection with various human pathologies. Thus, many CO and H2S-releasing molecules have been developed and applied in various human disorders, including hemolytic and hemorrhagic diseases. Here, we discuss our current understanding of oxidized hemoglobin and heme-induced cell and tissue damage with particular focus on inflammation, cellular metabolism and differentiation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in hemolytic/hemorrhagic human diseases, and the potential beneficial role of CO and H2S in these pathologies. More detailed mechanistic insights into the complex pathology of hemolytic/hemorrhagic diseases through heme oxygenase-1/CO as well as H2S pathways would reveal new therapeutic approaches that can be exploited for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Gáll
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.G.); (D.P.); (A.N.)
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Dávid Pethő
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.G.); (D.P.); (A.N.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Annamária Nagy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.G.); (D.P.); (A.N.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.G.); (D.P.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-255-500/55004
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Dilek N, Papapetropoulos A, Toliver-Kinsky T, Szabo C. Hydrogen sulfide: An endogenous regulator of the immune system. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105119. [PMID: 32781284 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now recognized as an endogenous signaling gasotransmitter in mammals. It is produced by mammalian cells and tissues by various enzymes - predominantly cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) - but part of the H2S is produced by the intestinal microbiota (colonic H2S-producing bacteria). Here we summarize the available information on the production and functional role of H2S in the various cell types typically associated with innate immunity (neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils) and adaptive immunity (T and B lymphocytes) under normal conditions and as it relates to the development of various inflammatory and immune diseases. Special attention is paid to the physiological and the pathophysiological aspects of the oral cavity and the colon, where the immune cells and the parenchymal cells are exposed to a special "H2S environment" due to bacterial H2S production. H2S has many cellular and molecular targets. Immune cells are "surrounded" by a "cloud" of H2S, as a result of endogenous H2S production and exogenous production from the surrounding parenchymal cells, which, in turn, importantly regulates their viability and function. Downregulation of endogenous H2S producing enzymes in various diseases, or genetic defects in H2S biosynthetic enzyme systems either lead to the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease or accelerate the onset and worsen the severity of various immune-mediated diseases (e.g. autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis or asthma). Low, regulated amounts of H2S, when therapeutically delivered by small molecule donors, improve the function of various immune cells, and protect them against dysfunction induced by various noxious stimuli (e.g. reactive oxygen species or oxidized LDL). These effects of H2S contribute to the maintenance of immune functions, can stimulate antimicrobial defenses and can exert anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahzli Dilek
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Tracy Toliver-Kinsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Zuhra K, Augsburger F, Majtan T, Szabo C. Cystathionine-β-Synthase: Molecular Regulation and Pharmacological Inhibition. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E697. [PMID: 32365821 PMCID: PMC7277093 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), the first (and rate-limiting) enzyme in the transsulfuration pathway, is an important mammalian enzyme in health and disease. Its biochemical functions under physiological conditions include the metabolism of homocysteine (a cytotoxic molecule and cardiovascular risk factor) and the generation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous biological mediator with multiple regulatory roles in the vascular, nervous, and immune system. CBS is up-regulated in several diseases, including Down syndrome and many forms of cancer; in these conditions, the preclinical data indicate that inhibition or inactivation of CBS exerts beneficial effects. This article overviews the current information on the expression, tissue distribution, physiological roles, and biochemistry of CBS, followed by a comprehensive overview of direct and indirect approaches to inhibit the enzyme. Among the small-molecule CBS inhibitors, the review highlights the specificity and selectivity problems related to many of the commonly used "CBS inhibitors" (e.g., aminooxyacetic acid) and provides a comprehensive review of their pharmacological actions under physiological conditions and in various disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Zuhra
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1702 Fribourg, Switzerland; (K.Z.); (F.A.)
| | - Fiona Augsburger
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1702 Fribourg, Switzerland; (K.Z.); (F.A.)
| | - Tomas Majtan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1702 Fribourg, Switzerland; (K.Z.); (F.A.)
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13
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Sheng Y, Chen YJ, Qian ZM, Zheng J, Liu Y. Cyclophosphamide induces a significant increase in iron content in the liver and spleen of mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:973-983. [PMID: 32129080 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120909880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Oxidative stress is one of the major mechanisms of cyclophosphamide (CPX)-induced toxicities. However, it is unknown how CPX induces oxidative stress. Based on the available information, we speculated that CPX could increase iron content in the tissues and then induce oxidative stress. Method: We tested this hypothesis by investigating the effects of CPX on iron and ferritin contents, expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), ferroportin 1 (Fpn1), iron regulatory proteins (IRPs), hepcidin, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) in the liver and spleen, and also on reticulocyte count, immature reticulocyte fraction, and hemoglobin (Hb) in the blood in c57/B6 mouse. Results: We demonstrated that CPX could induce a significant increase in iron contents and ferritin expression in the liver and spleen, notably inhibit erythropoiesis and Hb synthesis and lead to a reduction in iron usage. The reduced expression in TfR1 and Fpn1 is a secondary effect of CPX-induced iron accumulation in the liver and spleen and also partly associated with the suppressed IRP/iron-responsive element system, upregulation of hepcidin, and downregulation of Nrf2. Conclusions: The reduced iron usage is one of the causes for iron overload in the liver and spleen and the increased tissue iron might be one of the mechanisms for CPX to induce oxidative stress and toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sheng
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y-J Chen
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z-M Qian
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - J Zheng
- Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Pain and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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