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Kaur D, Khan H, Grewal AK, Singh TG. Glycosylation: A new signaling paradigm for the neurovascular diseases. Life Sci 2024; 336:122303. [PMID: 38016576 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of life-threatening conditions with complicated pathogenesis involves neurovascular disorders encompassing Neurovascular unit (NVU) damage. The pathophysiology of NVU is characterized by several features including tissue hypoxia, stimulation of inflammatory and angiogenic processes, and the initiation of intricate molecular interactions, collectively leading to an elevation in blood-brain barrier permeability, atherosclerosis and ultimately, neurovascular diseases. The presence of compelling data about the significant involvement of the glycosylation in the development of diseases has sparked a discussion on whether the abnormal glycosylation may serve as a causal factor for neurovascular disorders, rather than being just recruited as a secondary player in regulating the critical events during the development processes like embryo growth and angiogenesis. An essential tool for both developing new anti-ischemic therapies and understanding the processes of ischemic brain damage is undertaking pre-clinical studies of neurovascular disorders. Together with the post-translational modification of proteins, the modulation of glycosylation and its enzymes implicates itself in several abnormal activities which are known to accelerate neuronal vasculopathy. Despite the failure of the majority of glycosylation-based preclinical and clinical studies over the past years, there is a significant probability to provide neuroprotection utilizing modern and advanced approaches to target abnormal glycosylation activity at embryonic stages as well. This article focuses on a variety of experimental evidence to postulate the interconnection between glycosylation and vascular disorders along with possible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, India
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Wang H, Liu Z, Meng L, Zhang X. Comprehensive bioinformation analysis of differentially expressed genes in recurrent pregnancy loss. HUM FERTIL 2023; 26:1015-1022. [PMID: 35306956 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2022.2045636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) occurs frequently, and its causes are complex. The aetiology of nearly 50% of RPL cases is still unknown. This study aimed to ascertain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. We downloaded the gene expression microarray of GSE165004 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed on selected genes by using the R Programming Language. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING). Our analysis revealed that 1,869 genes were differentially expressed in RPL and control groups. GO analysis revealed that the interferon type 1 and the glycoprotein-related biological processes played irreplaceable roles, meanwhile KEGG enrichment analysis also revealed that the cAMP signalling pathway and the prolactin signalling pathway played important roles. In the following study, we found that there were many DEGs in the RPL group that were closely related to endometrial decidualization, such as IL17RD, IL16, SOX4, CREBBP, and POFUT1 as well as Notch1 and RBPJ in the Notch signalling pathway family were down-regulated in the RPL group. The results provided valuable information on the pathogenesis of RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaibin Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Liu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Meng
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tangshan University, Tangshan, P.R. China
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, P.R. China
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Wang H, Cui X, Wang L, Fan N, Yu M, Qin H, Liu S, Yan Q. α1,3-fucosylation of MEST promotes invasion potential of cytotrophoblast cells by activating translation initiation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:651. [PMID: 37798282 PMCID: PMC10556033 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Embryo implantation into the uterus is the gateway for successful pregnancy. Proper migration and invasion of embryonic trophoblast cells are the key for embryo implantation, and dysfunction causes pregnancy failure. Protein glycosylation plays crucial roles in reproduction. However, it remains unclear whether the glycosylation of trophoblasts is involved in trophoblast migration and invasion processes during embryo implantation failure. By Lectin array, we discovered the decreased α1,3-fucosylation, especially difucosylated Lewis Y (LeY) glycan, in the villus tissues of miscarriage patients when compared with normal pregnancy women. Downregulating LeY biosynthesis by silencing the key enzyme fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) inhibited migration and invasion ability of trophoblast cells. Using proteomics and translatomics, the specific LeY scaffolding glycoprotein of mesoderm-specific transcript (MEST) with glycosylation site at Asn163 was identified, and its expression enhanced migration and invasion ability of trophoblast cells. The results also provided novel evidence showing that decreased LeY modification on MEST hampered the binding of MEST with translation factor eIF4E2, and inhibited implantation-related gene translation initiation, which caused pregnancy failure. The α1,3-fucosylation of MEST by FUT4 may serve as a new biomarker for evaluating the functional state of pregnancy, and a target for infertility treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xinyuan Cui
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ningning Fan
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Huamin Qin
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Qiu Yan
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, 116044, China.
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Yang Y, Liang J, Chen S, Zhang A, Li Y, Liu S, Yan Q. O-Fucosylation of BMP1 promotes endometrial decidualization by activating BMP/Smad signaling pathway. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:172-183. [PMID: 37338142 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial decidualization is critical to successful uterine receptivity and embryo implantation. Dysfunction of decidualization is associated with some pregnancy-related disorders, including miscarriage. Protein glycosylation is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (poFUT1) is a key enzyme responsible for O-fucosylation biosynthesis on glycoproteins. Bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1) is an essential glycoprotein in reproduction. However, the role and molecular mechanism of fucosylated BMP1 in endometrial stromal cell decidualization are still unknown. In the current study, we found that BMP1 contains a potential O-fucosylation site. Moreover, poFUT1 and BMP1 levels in the secretory phase are higher than those in the proliferative phase, and the highest level was observed in the human uterine tissues of early pregnancy, while a decrease of poFUT1 and BMP1 in the decidua was observed in miscarriage patients. Using human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs), we demonstrated that O-fucosylation of BMP1 was elevated after induced decidualization. Moreover, the increase of BMP1 O-fucosylation by poFUT1 promoted BMP1 secretion to the extracellular matrix, and more actively binds to CHRD. The binding of BMP1 and CHRD further released BMP4 originally bound to CHRD, and activated BMP/Smad signaling pathway, thereby accelerating the decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells. In summary, these results suggest that BMP1 O-fucosylation by poFUT1 could be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target to predict miscarriage in early pregnancy examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
| | - Juan Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
| | - Aihui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
| | - Qiu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
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Zhang N, Long L, Li G, Wu X, Peng S, Jiang Y, Xiang A, Mao X, Huang H, Yang Z. Preliminary study on the mechanism of POFUT1 in colorectal cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:235. [PMID: 37432515 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02102-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
To analyse the effect of POFUT1 (Protein O-Fucosyltransferase 1) on the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and to explore its potential mechanism. The effects of POFUT1 silencing in vitro on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of CRC cells were investigated using the SW480 and RKO cell lines. The effect of POFUT1 expression on cell phenotype was detected by cell proliferation assay (CCK8), colony formation assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, transwell assay, cell apoptosis assay, etc. In vitro, silencing of POFUT1 resulted in decreased proliferation, cell cycle arrest, reduced migration and increased apoptosis of CRC cells. In CRC cells, POFUT1 plays a tumour-promoting role by promoting cell proliferation and migration and inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianfeng Zhang
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, China
- Yueyang Key Laboratory of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Yueyang Vocational and Technical College, Yueyang, China
| | - Linna Long
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, China
| | - Guang Li
- Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang, China
| | - Xingang Wu
- Yueyang Key Laboratory of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Yueyang Vocational and Technical College, Yueyang, China
| | - Shubin Peng
- Yueyang Key Laboratory of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Yueyang Vocational and Technical College, Yueyang, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Yueyang Key Laboratory of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Yueyang Vocational and Technical College, Yueyang, China
| | - Anping Xiang
- Yueyang Key Laboratory of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Yueyang Vocational and Technical College, Yueyang, China
| | - Xianhua Mao
- Yueyang Key Laboratory of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Yueyang Vocational and Technical College, Yueyang, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, China.
| | - Zhiying Yang
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, China.
- Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha, China.
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Toul M, Slonkova V, Mican J, Urminsky A, Tomkova M, Sedlak E, Bednar D, Damborsky J, Hernychova L, Prokop Z. Identification, characterization, and engineering of glycosylation in thrombolyticsa. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 66:108174. [PMID: 37182613 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and pulmonary embolism, are the most common causes of disability and death worldwide. Blood clot hydrolysis by thrombolytic enzymes and thrombectomy are key clinical interventions. The most widely used thrombolytic enzyme is alteplase, which has been used in clinical practice since 1986. Another clinically used thrombolytic protein is tenecteplase, which has modified epitopes and engineered glycosylation sites, suggesting that carbohydrate modification in thrombolytic enzymes is a viable strategy for their improvement. This comprehensive review summarizes current knowledge on computational and experimental identification of glycosylation sites and glycan identity, together with methods used for their reengineering. Practical examples from previous studies focus on modification of glycosylations in thrombolytics, e.g., alteplase, tenecteplase, reteplase, urokinase, saruplase, and desmoteplase. Collected clinical data on these glycoproteins demonstrate the great potential of this engineering strategy. Outstanding combinatorics originating from multiple glycosylation sites and the vast variety of covalently attached glycan species can be addressed by directed evolution or rational design. Directed evolution pipelines would benefit from more efficient cell-free expression and high-throughput screening assays, while rational design must employ structure prediction by machine learning and in silico characterization by supercomputing. Perspectives on challenges and opportunities for improvement of thrombolytic enzymes by engineering and evolution of protein glycosylation are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Toul
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/C13, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Slonkova
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/C13, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mican
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/C13, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Urminsky
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Tomkova
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 04154 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Erik Sedlak
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 04154 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - David Bednar
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/C13, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Damborsky
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/C13, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Hernychova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zbynek Prokop
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/C13, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.
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The Regulators of Human Endometrial Stromal Cell Decidualization. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091275. [PMID: 36139114 PMCID: PMC9496326 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several factors are important for implantation and subsequent placentation in the endometrium, including immunity, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix, glucose metabolism, reactive oxidative stress, and hormones. The involvement or abnormality of these factors can impair canonical decidualization. Unusual decidualization can lead to perinatal complications, such as disruption of trophoblast invasion. Drastic changes in the morphology and function of human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) are important for decidualization of the human endometrium; hESCs are used to induce optimal morphological and functional decidualization in vitro because they contain estrogen and progesterone receptors. In this review, we will focus on the studies that have been conducted on hESC decidualization, including the results from our laboratory.
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Zhang LL, Sheng F, He Y, Yang Y, Hu YF, Li W, Li P, Wu MY, Gong Y, Zhang Y, Zou L. Buxue Yimu Pills improve angiogenesis and blood flow in experimental zebrafish and rat models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115002. [PMID: 35065249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Buxue Yimu Pills (BYP) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription which is clinical used in gynecology and obstetrics, and is documented to exhibit therapeutic potential to defective angiogenesis and impaired blood flow. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the effects and biological mechanisms of BYP in improvement of defective angiogenesis and impaired blood flow which represent major health issues associated with various diseases including postpartum or abortion complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor II (VRI) was used to establish blood vessel loss model in Tg(fli-1a:EGFP) zebrafish embryos. Blood vessel loss was calculated, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay was performed to detect gene expression. Mifepristone and misoprostol were applied to construct a medical-induced incomplete abortion rats model. Whole blood viscosity indexes, hemorheology and coagulation function of the rats were investigated. Immunohistochemistry analysis was used for evaluation of the uterine tissues. RESULTS BYP treatment significantly promoted angiogenesis as evidenced by the restoration of VRI-induced blood vessel loss in zebrafish embryos. BYP treatment effectively reversed VRI-induced down-regulation of the VEGFRs (Kdr, Kdrl and Flt1). Furthermore, BYP administration significantly suppressed the increase of whole blood viscosity indexes, and remarkably shortened the levels of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in the medical-induced incomplete abortion rats, indicating the improvement of hemorheology and coagulation function. Immunohistochemistry analysis suggested that BYP administration increased the expression level of VEGFR2 in uterus tissues of the rats. CONCLUSION BYP exhibits therapeutic effects in promoting angiogenesis and blood circulation, and mitigating blood stasis, supporting its clinical application for postpartum or abortion complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Le Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feiya Sheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Fan Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Meng-Yao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhuzhou Qianjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yun Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhuzhou Qianjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yamei Zhang
- Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
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Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a plastic and heterogeneous cell population of the tumour microenvironment (TME) that can account for up to 50% of solid tumours. TAMs heterogeneous are associated with different cancer types and stages, different stimulation of bioactive molecules and different TME, which are crucial drivers of tumour progression, metastasis and resistance to therapy. In this context, understanding the sources and regulatory mechanisms of TAM heterogeneity and searching for novel therapies targeting TAM subpopulations are essential for future studies. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence highlighting the redefinition of TAM heterogeneity from three different directions: origins, phenotypes and functions. We notably focus on the causes and consequences of TAM heterogeneity which have implications for the evolution of therapeutic strategies that targeted the subpopulations of TAMs.
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Abstract
O-Linked glycosylation such as O-fucose, O-glucose, and O-N-acetylglucosamine are considered to be unusual. As suggested by the high levels of evolutional conservation, these O-glycans are fundamentally important for life. In the last two decades, our understanding of the importance of these glycans has greatly advanced. In particular, identification of the glycosyltransferases responsible for the biosynthesis of these glycans has accelerated basic research on the functional significance and molecular mechanisms by which these O-glycans regulate protein functions as well as clinical research on human diseases due to changes in these types of O-glycosylation. Notably, Notch receptor signaling is modified with and regulated by these types of O-glycans. Here, we summarize the current view of the structures and the significance of these O-glycans mainly in the context of Notch signaling regulation and human diseases.
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Park HK, Park SH, Lee M, Kim GR, Park M, Yang SC, Kim YS, Lim HJ, Kim HR, Song H. Secretory phospholipase A2-X (Pla2g10) is a novel progesterone receptor target gene exclusively induced in uterine luminal epithelium for uterine receptivity in mice. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:132. [PMID: 33292460 PMCID: PMC7678068 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberration of estrogen (E2) and/or progesterone (P4) signaling pathways affects expression of their target genes, which may lead to failure of embryo implantation and following pregnancy. Although many target genes of progesterone receptors (PRs) have been identified in uterine stroma, only a few PR targets have been reported in the epithelium. Secretory phospholipase A2-(PLA2)-X, a member of the PLA2 family that releases arachidonic acids for the synthesis of prostaglandins that are important for embryo implantation, is dysregulated in the endometrium of patients suffering from repeated implantation failure. However, it is not clear whether sPLA2-X is directly regulated by ovarian steroid hormones for embryo implantation in the uterus. RESULT P4 induced the Pla2g10 encoding of secretory PLA2-X in the apical region of uterine LE of ovariectomized mice via PR in both time- and dose-dependent manners, whereas E2 significantly inhibited it. This finding is consistent with the higher expression of Pla2g10 at the diestrus stage, when P4 is elevated during the estrous cycle, and at P4-treated delayed implantation. The level of Pla2g10 on day 4 of pregnancy (day 4) was dramatically decreased on day 5, when PRs are absent in the LE. Luciferase assays of mutagenesis in uterine epithelial cells demonstrated that four putative PR response elements in a Pla2g10 promoter region are transcriptionally active for Pla2g10. Intrauterine delivery of small interfering RNA for Pla2g10 on day 3 significantly reduced the number of implantation sites, reinforcing the critical function(s) of Pla2g10 for uterine receptivity in mice. CONCLUSIONS Pla2g10 is a novel PR target gene whose expression is exclusively localized in the apical region of the uterine LE for uterine receptivity for embryo implantation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Collage of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Miji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Ryeong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chel Yang
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Sun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung J Lim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Haengseok Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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Does the Act of Copulation per se, without Considering Seminal Deposition, Change the Expression of Genes in the Porcine Female Genital Tract? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155477. [PMID: 32751869 PMCID: PMC7432858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Semen—through its specific sperm and seminal plasma (SP) constituents—induces changes of gene expression in the internal genital tract of pigs, particularly in the functional sperm reservoir at the utero-tubal junction (UTJ). Although seminal effects are similarly elicited by artificial insemination (AI), major changes in gene expression are registered after natural mating, a fact suggesting the act of copulation induces per se changes in genes that AI does not affect. The present study explored which pathways were solely influenced by copulation, affecting the differential expression of genes (DEGs) of the pre/peri-ovulatory genital tract (cervix, distal uterus, proximal uterus and UTJ) of estrus sows, 24 h after various procedures were performed to compare natural mating with AI of semen (control 1), sperm-free SP harvested from the sperm-peak fraction (control 2), sperm-free SP harvested from the whole ejaculate (control 3) or saline-extender BTS (control 4), using a microarray chip (GeneChip® porcine gene 1.0 st array). Genes related to neuroendocrine responses (ADRA1, ADRA2, GABRB2, CACNB2), smooth muscle contractility (WNT7A), angiogenesis and vascular remodeling (poFUT1, NTN4) were, among others, overrepresented with distal and proximal uterine segments exhibiting the highest number of DEGs. The findings provide novel evidence that relevant transcriptomic changes in the porcine female reproductive tract occur in direct response to the specific act of copulation, being semen-independent.
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