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Liu H, Ma L, Cao Z. DNA methylation and its potential roles in common oral diseases. Life Sci 2024; 351:122795. [PMID: 38852793 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Oral diseases are among the most common diseases worldwide and are associated with systemic illnesses, and the rising occurrence of oral diseases significantly impacts the quality of life for many individuals. It is crucial to detect and treat these conditions early to prevent them from advancing. DNA methylation is a fundamental epigenetic process that contributes to a variety of diseases including various oral diseases. Taking advantage of its reversibility, DNA methylation becomes a viable therapeutic target by regulating various cellular processes. Understanding the potential role of this DNA alteration in oral diseases can provide significant advances and more opportunities for diagnosis and therapy. This article will review the biology of DNA methylation, and then mainly discuss the key findings on DNA methylation in oral cancer, periodontitis, endodontic disease, oral mucosal disease, and clefts of the lip and/or palate in the background of studies on global DNA methylation and gene-specific DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China; Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China; Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Lai Z, Shu Q, Song Y, Tang A, Tian J. Effect of DNA methylation on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: concise review. Front Genet 2024; 15:1429844. [PMID: 39015772 PMCID: PMC11250479 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1429844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have promising potential for bone tissue engineering in bone healing and regeneration. They are regarded as such due to their capacity for self-renewal, multiple differentiation, and their ability to modulate the immune response. However, changes in the molecular pathways and transcription factors of MSCs in osteogenesis can lead to bone defects and metabolic bone diseases. DNA methylation is an epigenetic process that plays an important role in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs by regulating gene expression. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the significance of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), Ten-eleven translocation family proteins (TETs), and MSCs signaling pathways about osteogenic differentiation in MSCs. This review focuses on the progress of research in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Lai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Shu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ao Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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He J, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Li D, Xu Q. FTO regulates osteoclast development by modulating the proliferation and apoptosis of osteoclast precursors in inflammatory conditions. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111098. [PMID: 38365111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an oral inflammatory disease that causes alveolar bone destruction by activating osteoclast. FTO, a crucial demethylase of N6-methyladenosine(m6A), exerts essential function in maintaining bone homeostasis. However, the effects of FTO on periodontitis-related bone destruction remain unknown. To investigate its role in inflammatory osteoclastogenesis, we overexpressed FTO in osteoclast precursor cells; RNA-seq revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in cell cycle, DNA replication, DNA damage response and apoptosis in FTO overexpression cells during RANKL and LPS-stimulated osteoclast differentiation. FTO overexpression upregulated the expression of S phase-related proteins (Cyclin A2, CDK2), and decreased the expression of DNA damage related proteins in osteoclast precursor cells. FTO promoted cell proliferation demonstrated by EdU and CCK8 assay, and reduced apoptotic rate and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in osteoclast precursor cell. Conversely, FTO inhibitor FB23-2 produced the reverse effect. Mechanistically, FTO overexpression promoted the stability of CyclinA2 and CDK2 mRNA. These results were consistent in m6A binding protein YTHDF2 knockdown cells. Moreover, FB23-2 suppressed osteoclast-related gene expression, osteoclast formation and bone resorption ability. Treatment of FB23-2 reduced the alveolar bone loss in mice of experimental periodontitis. Collectively, our findings revealed that FTO enhanced the mRNA stability and expression of Cyclin A2, CDK2 in a YTHDF2-dependent manner in osteoclast precursor cells, promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis. FB23-2 reduced the formation of osteoclasts, resulted in alleviating the bone destruction in periodontitis mice. These findings indicated that FTO might be the potential target of the treatment of bone loss in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Yiqing Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Zhanqi Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Di Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Qiong Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
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Walewska A, Janucik A, Tynecka M, Moniuszko M, Eljaszewicz A. Mesenchymal stem cells under epigenetic control - the role of epigenetic machinery in fate decision and functional properties. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:720. [PMID: 37932257 PMCID: PMC10628230 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (mesenchymal stromal cells, MSC) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into cells of at least three mesodermal lineages, namely adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes, and have potent immunomodulatory properties. Epigenetic modifications are critical regulators of gene expression and cellular differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Epigenetic machinery controls MSC differentiation through direct modifications to DNA and histones. Understanding the role of epigenetic machinery in MSC is crucial for the development of effective cell-based therapies for degenerative and inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of epigenetic control of MSC differentiation and immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Walewska
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Janucik
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marlena Tynecka
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland.
- Tissue and Cell Bank, Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-069, Bialystok, Poland.
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Feng C, Jiang Y, Wu G, Shi Y, Ge Y, Li B, Cheng X, Tang X, Zhu J, Le G. Dietary Methionine Restriction Improves Gastrocnemius Muscle Glucose Metabolism through Improved Insulin Secretion and H19/IRS-1/Akt Pathway in Middle-Aged Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5655-5666. [PMID: 36995760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) improves glucose metabolism. In skeletal muscle, H19 is a key regulator of insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the underlying mechanism of H19 upon MR on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. Middle-aged mice were fed MR diet for 25 weeks. Mouse islets β cell line β-TC6 cells and mouse myoblast cell line C2C12 cells were used to establish the apoptosis or insulin resistance model. Our findings showed that MR increased B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression, deceased Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) expression in pancreas, and promoted insulin secretion of β-TC6 cells. Meanwhile, MR increased H19 expression, insulin Receptor Substrate-1/insulin Receptor Substrate-2 (IRS-1/IRS-2) value, protein Kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation, and hexokinase 2 (HK2) expression in gastrocnemius muscle and promoted glucose uptake in C2C12 cells. But these results were reversed after H19 knockdown in C2C12 cells. In conclusion, MR alleviates pancreatic apoptosis and promotes insulin secretion. And MR enhances gastrocnemius muscle insulin-dependent glucose uptake and utilization via the H19/IRS-1/Akt pathway, thereby ameliorating blood glucose disorders and insulin resistance in high-fat-diet (HFD) middle-aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxing Feng
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuge Jiang
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guoqing Wu
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yonghui Shi
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yueting Ge
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiangrong Cheng
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xue Tang
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianjin Zhu
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guowei Le
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Apaza Alccayhuaman KA, Heimel P, Lee JS, Tangl S, Kuchler U, Marchesan J, Panahipour L, Lettner S, Matalová E, Gruber R. FasL is a catabolic factor in alveolar bone homeostasis. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:396-405. [PMID: 36384160 PMCID: PMC10946845 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Fas ligand (FasL) belongs to the tumour necrosis factor superfamily regulating bone turnover, inflammation, and apoptosis. The appendicular and axial skeleton phenotype of mature Faslgld mice has been reported. The impact of FasL on the alveolar bone providing support for the teeth at mature stages under healthy and induced inflammatory conditions remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a phenotypical analysis of mice carrying the homozygous Faslgld mutation and wild-type (WT) mice (C57BL/6) under healthy conditions and upon ligature-induced periodontitis. After 12 days, micro-computed tomography analysis revealed the distance between the cement enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest. Additional structural parameters, such as the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and the periodontal ligament space volume, were measured. Histological analyses were performed to visualize the catabolic changes at the defect site. RESULTS Healthy Faslgld mice were found to have more periodontal bone than their WT littermates. Faslgld had no significant effect on inflammatory osteolysis compared to WT controls with ligatures. Histology revealed eroded surfaces at the root and in the inter-proximal bone in both strains. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that FasL is a catabolic factor in alveolar bone homeostasis but it does not affect the inflammatory osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Alí Apaza Alccayhuaman
- Department of Oral BiologyUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial ResearchUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Patrick Heimel
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial ResearchUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department for BioimagingLudwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation With AUVAViennaAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Jung Seok Lee
- Department of Oral BiologyUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of PeriodontologyResearch Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Stefan Tangl
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial ResearchUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Ulrike Kuchler
- Department of Oral SurgeryUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Julie Marchesan
- Division of Comprehensive Oral HealthAdams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Layla Panahipour
- Department of Oral BiologyUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Stefan Lettner
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial ResearchUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Eva Matalová
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and OsteogenesisInstitute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral BiologyUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
- Department of PeriodontologySchool of Dental Medicine, University of BernBernSwitzerland
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Chen Y, Wang X, Wu Z, Jia S, Wan M. Epigenetic regulation of dental-derived stem cells and their application in pulp and periodontal regeneration. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14550. [PMID: 36620748 PMCID: PMC9817962 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental-derived stem cells have excellent proliferation ability and multi-directional differentiation potential, making them an important research target in tissue engineering. An increasing number of dental-derived stem cells have been discovered recently, including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs), dental follicle precursor cells (DFPCs), and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). These stem cells have significant application prospects in tissue regeneration because they are found in an abundance of sources, and they have good biocompatibility and are highly effective. The biological functions of dental-derived stem cells are regulated in many ways. Epigenetic regulation means changing the expression level and function of a gene without changing its sequence. Epigenetic regulation is involved in many biological processes, such as embryonic development, bone homeostasis, and the fate of stem cells. Existing studies have shown that dental-derived stem cells are also regulated by epigenetic modifications. Pulp and periodontal regeneration refers to the practice of replacing damaged pulp and periodontal tissue and restoring the tissue structure and function under normal physiological conditions. This treatment has better therapeutic effects than traditional treatments. This article reviews the recent research on the mechanism of epigenetic regulation of dental-derived stem cells, and the core issues surrounding the practical application and future use of pulp and periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuoxuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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Yu T, Zhang L, Dou X, Bai R, Wang H, Deng J, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Li Q, Wang X, Han B. Mechanically Robust Hydrogels Facilitating Bone Regeneration through Epigenetic Modulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203734. [PMID: 36161289 PMCID: PMC9661832 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Development of artificial biomaterials by mimicking extracellular matrix of bone tissue is a promising strategy for bone regeneration. Hydrogel has emerged as a type of viable substitute, but its inhomogeneous networks and weak mechanics greatly impede clinical applications. Here, a dual crosslinked gelling system is developed with tunable architectures and mechanics to promote osteogenic capacity. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) is designated as a rigid core surrounded by six disulfide-linked PEG shells and two 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) groups. Thiol-disulfide exchange is employed to fabricate chemical network because of the pH-responsive "on/off" function. While self-complementary UPy motif is capable of optimizing local microstructure to enhance mechanical properties. Taking the merits of biocompatibility and high-mechanics in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) proliferation, attachment, and osteogenesis, hybrid hydrogel exhibits outstanding osteogenic potential both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, it is the first time that a key epigenetic regulator of ten-eleven translocation 2 (Tet2) is discovered to significantly elevate the continuously active the WNT/β-catenin through Tet2/HDAC1/E-cadherin/β-catenin signaling cascade, thereby promoting PDLSCs osteogenesis. This work represents a general strategy to design the hydrogels with customized networks and biomimetic mechanics, and illustrates underlying osteogenic mechanisms that will extend the design rationales for high-functional biomaterials in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yu
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Xueyu Dou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Rushui Bai
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Hufei Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Yunfan Zhang
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Qiannan Sun
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
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9
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Epigenetic Regulation of Methylation in Determining the Fate of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:5015856. [PMID: 36187229 PMCID: PMC9522499 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5015856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) are crucial in tooth development and periodontal health, and their multipotential differentiation and self-renewal ability play a critical role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Methylation modifications could promote the appropriate biological behavior by postsynthetic modification of DNA or protein and make the organism adapt to developmental and environmental prompts by regulating gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Methylation modifications involved in DMSC fate include DNA methylation, RNA methylation, and histone modifications, which have been proven to exert a significant effect on the regulation of the fate of DMSCs, such as proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation potential. Understanding the regulation of methylation modifications on the behavior and the immunoinflammatory responses involved in DMSCs contributes to further study of the mechanism of methylation on tissue regeneration and inflammation. In this review, we briefly summarize the key functions of histone methylation, RNA methylation, and DNA methylation in the differentiation potential and self-renewal of DMSCs as well as the opportunities and challenges for their application in tissue regeneration and disease therapy.
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Wu H, Qiu J, Wu Z, He T, Zhou C, Lv Q. MiR-27a-3p binds to TET1 mediated DNA demethylation of ADCY6 regulates breast cancer progression via epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Front Oncol 2022; 12:957511. [PMID: 35978806 PMCID: PMC9377375 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.957511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adenylyl cyclase isoform 6 (ADCY6) is a member of membrane-bound adenylate cyclase family that converts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into cAMP and pyrophosphate. An increasing number of researchers have studied the role of ADCY6 in cancer. However, its specific role in breast cancer remains unknown. Methods Bioinformatics and clinical data were used to analyse the expression of ADCY6 in breast cancer. ADCY6 DNA methylation was analysed using DNA methylation-specific PCR and Bisulfite Sanger sequencing. Using lentiviral stable miRNA transfection together with cell biology functional assays and gene expression/target analysis, we investigated the interaction between miR-27a-3p, TET1 and ADCY6 in breast cancer. Results We found that ADCY6 is expressed at low levels in breast cancer and leads to increases in the proliferation, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. The low expression of ADCY6 is due to the lower demethylation of ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1), and the methylation of ADCY6 can be altered by TET1. More importantly, bioinformatics analysis showed that TET1 is regulated by miR-27a-3p and regulates the methylation of ADCY6 to affect the EMT process of breast cancer cells, thereby affecting the malignant biological behaviour of breast cancer. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that the methylation modification of ADCY6 is regulated by TET1 and leads to ADCY6 activation. miR-27a-3p negatively regulates the expression of TET1 and affects the EMT process of breast cancer through ADCY6, thereby promoting the malignant biological behaviour of breast cancer. Our results may provide new research ideas and directions for DNA methylation and EMT changes in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juanjuan Qiu
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenru Wu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Lv,
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11
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DNA Methylation and Histone Modification in Dental-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2797-2816. [PMID: 35896859 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation, mainly involving DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), is essential for the regulation of multiple cellular processes. Dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs), a kind of multipotent cells derived from dental tissues, are impactful in regenerative medicine. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic regulation plays a major role in DMSCs. Therefore, exploring how epigenetic regulation is involved in DMSCs may be of guiding significance for tissue repair and regeneration or for exploring more effective treatments. A number of research of ncRNAs in DMSCs have been reported. However, little is known about the roles of DNA methylation and histone modifications in DMSCs. In this review, we summarize the important roles of DNA methylation and histone modifications of the fate of DMSCs.
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12
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The Role of Epigenetic in Dental and Oral Regenerative Medicine by Different Types of Dental Stem Cells: A Comprehensive Overview. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:5304860. [PMID: 35721599 PMCID: PMC9203206 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5304860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal teeth, wisdom teeth, and exfoliated deciduous teeth can be harvested for dental stem cell (DSC) researches. These mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate and also consider as promising candidates for dental and oral regeneration. Thus, the development of DSC therapies can be considered a suitable but challenging target for tissue regeneration. Epigenetics describes changes in gene expression rather than changes in DNA and broadly happens in bone homeostasis, embryogenesis, stem cell fate, and disease development. The epigenetic regulation of gene expression and the regulation of cell fate is mainly governed by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Tissue engineering utilizes DSCs as a target. Tissue engineering therapies are based on the multipotent regenerative potential of DSCs. It is believed that epigenetic factors are essential for maintaining the multipotency of DSCs. A wide range of host and environmental factors influence stem cell differentiation and differentiation commitment, of which epigenetic regulation is critical. Several lines of evidence have shown that epigenetic modification of DNA and DNA-correlated histones are necessary for determining cells' phenotypes and regulating stem cells' pluripotency and renewal capacity. It is increasingly recognized that nuclear enzyme activities, such as histone deacetylases, can be used pharmacologically to induce stem cell differentiation and dedifferentiation. In this review, the role of epigenetic in dental and oral regenerative medicine by different types of dental stem cells is discussed in two new and promising areas of medical and biological researches in recent studies (2010-2022).
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13
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Huang J, Zhou Y. Emerging role of epigenetic regulations in periodontitis: a literature review. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:2162-2183. [PMID: 35559409 PMCID: PMC9091094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is mainly initiated by periodontal pathogens including Porphyromonas gingivalis, and bad living habits such as smoking aggravate its incidence and severity. The development of periodontitis is closely related to the host's immune responses and the secretion of various cytokine networks. Moreover, periodontitis has an important connection with the development of systemic diseases. Recently, epigenetics which is a fast-developing hot research area has provided new insights into the research of various diseases including periodontitis. Epigenetics is an important supplement to the regulation of gene expression. The study of epigenetics is about causing heritable gene expression or cell phenotype changes through certain mechanisms without changing the DNA sequence. It mainly includes histone modification, DNA methylation, non-coding RNA and the latest research hotspot m6A RNA methylation. In the review, we comprehensively summarize the latest literature on the potential epigenetic regulations in various aspects of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079, China
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14
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Metabolic Remodeling Impacts the Epigenetic Landscape of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:3490433. [PMID: 35422867 PMCID: PMC9005295 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3490433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation can dynamically adjust the gene expression program of cell fate decision according to the cellular microenvironment. Emerging studies have shown that metabolic activities provide fundamental components for epigenetic modifications and these metabolic-sensitive epigenetic events dramatically impact the cellular function of stem cells. Dental mesenchymal stem cells are promising adult stem cell resource for in situ injury repair and tissue engineering. In this review, we discuss the impact of metabolic fluctuations on epigenetic modifications in the oral and maxillofacial regions. The principles of the metabolic link to epigenetic modifications and the interaction between metabolite substrates and canonical epigenetic events in dental mesenchymal stem cells are summarized. The coordination between metabolic pathways and epigenetic events plays an important role in cellular progresses including differentiation, inflammatory responses, and aging. The metabolic-epigenetic network is critical for expanding our current understanding of tissue homeostasis and cell fate decision and for guiding potential therapeutic approaches in dental regeneration and infectious diseases.
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15
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Xin T, Li Q, Bai R, Zhang T, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Han B, Yang R. A novel mutation of SATB2 inhibits odontogenesis of human dental pulp stem cells through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:595. [PMID: 34863303 PMCID: PMC8642962 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SATB2-associated syndrome (SAS) is a multisystem disorder caused by mutation of human SATB2 gene. Tooth agenesis is one of the most common phenotypes observed in SAS. Our study aimed at identifying novel variant of SATB2 in a patient with SAS, and to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanism of tooth agenesis caused by SATB2 mutation. METHODS We applied whole exome sequencing (WES) to identify the novel mutation of SATB2 in a Chinese patient with SAS. Construction and overexpression of wild-type and the mutant vector was performed, followed by functional analysis including flow cytometry assay, fluorescent immunocytochemistry, western blot, quantitative real-time PCR and Alizarin Red S staining to investigate its impact on hDPSCs and the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS As a result, we identified a novel frameshift mutation of SATB2 (c. 376_378delinsTT) in a patient with SAS exhibiting tooth agenesis. Human DPSCs transfected with mutant SATB2 showed decreased cell proliferation and odontogenic differentiation capacity compared with hDPSCs transfected with wild-type SATB2 plasmid. Mechanistically, mutant SATB2 failed to translocate into nucleus and distributed in the cytoplasm, failing to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, whereas the wild-type SATB2 translocated into the nucleus and upregulated the expression of active β-catenin. When we used Wnt inhibitor XAV939 to treat hDPSCs transfected with wild-type SATB2 plasmid, the increased odontogenic differentiation capacity was attenuated. Furthermore, we found that SATB2 mutation resulted in the upregulation of DKK1 and histone demethylase JHDM1D to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CONCLUSION We identified a novel frameshift mutation of SATB2 (c.376_378delinsTT, p.Leu126SerfsX6) in a Chinese patient with SATB2-associated syndrome (SAS) exhibiting tooth agenesis. Mechanistically, SATB2 regulated osteo/odontogenesis of human dental pulp stem cells through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by regulating DKK1 and histone demethylase JHDM1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Xin
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No. 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No. 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Rushui Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No. 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No. 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanheng Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No. 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No. 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruili Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No. 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Shang L, Shao J, Ge S. Immunomodulatory functions of oral mesenchymal stem cells: Novel force for tissue regeneration and disease therapy. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:539-552. [PMID: 34184321 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0321-766r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapeutic strategies have achieved remarkable efficacies. Oral tissue-derived MSCs, with powerful self-renewal and multilineage differentiation abilities, possess the features of abundant sources and easy accessibility and hold great potential in tissue regeneration and disease therapies. Oral MSCs mainly consist of periodontal ligament stem cells, gingival mesenchymal stem cells, dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cells from the apical papilla, dental follicle stem cells, and alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem. Early immunoinflammatory response stage is the prerequisite phase of healing process. Besides the potent capacities of differentiation and regeneration, oral MSCs are capable of interacting with various immune cells and function as immunomodulatory regulators. Consequently, the immunomodulatory effects of oral MSCs during damage repair seem to be crucial for exploring novel immunomodulatory strategies to achieve disease recovery and tissue regeneration. Herein, we reviewed various oral MSCs with their immunomodulatory properties and the potential mechanism, as well as their effects on immunomodulation-mediated disease therapies and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Shang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinlong Shao
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
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17
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Queiroz A, Albuquerque-Souza E, Gasparoni LM, França BND, Pelissari C, Trierveiler M, Holzhausen M. Therapeutic potential of periodontal ligament stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:605-618. [PMID: 34249230 PMCID: PMC8246246 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i6.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory periodontal disease known as periodontitis is one of the most common conditions that affect human teeth and often leads to tooth loss. Due to the complexity of the periodontium, which is composed of several tissues, its regeneration and subsequent return to a homeostatic state is challenging with the therapies currently available. Cellular therapy is increasingly becoming an alternative in regenerative medicine/dentistry, especially therapies using mesenchymal stem cells, as they can be isolated from a myriad of tissues. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are probably the most adequate to be used as a cell source with the aim of regenerating the periodontium. Biological insights have also highlighted PDLSCs as promising immunomodulator agents. In this review, we explore the state of knowledge regarding the properties of PDLSCs, as well as their therapeutic potential, describing current and future clinical applications based on tissue engineering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Queiroz
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology in Dentistry-LABITRON, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Albuquerque-Souza
- Department of Stomatology, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Leticia Miquelitto Gasparoni
- Department of Stomatology, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Nunes de França
- Department of Stomatology, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cibele Pelissari
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology in Dentistry-LABITRON, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marília Trierveiler
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology in Dentistry-LABITRON, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marinella Holzhausen
- Department of Stomatology, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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18
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Li B, Ouchi T, Cao Y, Zhao Z, Men Y. Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: State of the Art. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:654559. [PMID: 34239870 PMCID: PMC8258348 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.654559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be identified in mammalian teeth. Currently, dental-derived MSCs (DMSCs) has become a collective term for all the MSCs isolated from dental pulp, periodontal ligament, dental follicle, apical papilla, and even gingiva. These DMSCs possess similar multipotent potential as bone marrow-derived MSCs, including differentiation into cells that have the characteristics of odontoblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, epithelial cells, neural cells, hepatocytes, and adipocytes. Besides, DMSCs also have powerful immunomodulatory functions, which enable them to orchestrate the surrounding immune microenvironment. These properties enable DMSCs to have a promising approach in injury repair, tissue regeneration, and treatment of various diseases. This review outlines the most recent advances in DMSCs' functions and applications and enlightens how these advances are paving the path for DMSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Takehito Ouchi
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yubin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Men
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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19
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Key Markers and Epigenetic Modifications of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5521715. [PMID: 34046069 PMCID: PMC8128613 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5521715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a novel research hotspot in tissue regeneration, dental-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are famous for their accessibility, multipotent differentiation ability, and high proliferation. However, cellular heterogeneity is a major obstacle to the clinical application of dental-derived MSCs. Here, we reviewed the heterogeneity of dental-derived MSCs firstly and then discussed the key markers and epigenetic modifications related to the proliferation, differentiation, immunomodulation, and aging of dental-derived MSCs. These messages help to control the composition and function of dental-derived MSCs and thus accelerate the translation of cell therapy into clinical practice.
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20
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Chakraborty S, Sinha S, Sengupta A. Emerging trends in chromatin remodeler plasticity in mesenchymal stromal cell function. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21234. [PMID: 33337557 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002232r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidences highlight importance of epigenetic regulation and their integration with transcriptional and cell signaling machinery in determining tissue resident adult pluripotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) activity, lineage commitment, and multicellular development. Histone modifying enzymes and large multi-subunit chromatin remodeling complexes and their cell type-specific plasticity remain the central defining features of gene regulation and establishment of tissue identity. Modulation of transcription factor expression gradient ex vivo and concomitant flexibility of higher order chromatin architecture in response to signaling cues are exciting approaches to regulate MSC activity and tissue rejuvenation. Being an important constituent of the adult bone marrow microenvironment/niche, pathophysiological perturbation in MSC homeostasis also causes impaired hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell function in a non-cell autonomous mechanism. In addition, pluripotent MSCs can function as immune regulatory cells, and they reside at the crossroad of innate and adaptive immune response pathways. Research in the past few years suggest that MSCs/stromal fibroblasts significantly contribute to the establishment of immunosuppressive microenvironment in shaping antitumor immunity. Therefore, it is important to understand mesenchymal stromal epigenome and transcriptional regulation to leverage its applications in regenerative medicine, epigenetic memory-guided trained immunity, immune-metabolic rewiring, and precision immune reprogramming. In this review, we highlight the latest developments and prospects in chromatin biology in determining MSC function in the context of lineage commitment and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Chakraborty
- Stem Cell & Leukemia Laboratory, Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Translational Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Kolkata, India
| | - Sayantani Sinha
- Stem Cell & Leukemia Laboratory, Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Translational Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Kolkata, India
| | - Amitava Sengupta
- Stem Cell & Leukemia Laboratory, Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Translational Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Kolkata, India
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21
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Yang RL, Huang HM, Han CS, Cui SJ, Zhou YK, Zhou YH. Serine Metabolism Controls Dental Pulp Stem Cell Aging by Regulating the DNA Methylation of p16. J Dent Res 2020; 100:90-97. [PMID: 32940141 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520958374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the characteristics and molecular events of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for tissue regeneration with aging, we isolated and analyzed the stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and permanent teeth of young (Y-DPSCs) and old (A-DPSCs) adults. Results showed that the stemness and osteogenic differentiation capacity of DPSCs decreased with aging. The RNA sequencing results showed that glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism was one of the most enriched gene clusters among SHED, Y-DPSCs, and A-DPSCs, according to analysis based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. The expression of serine metabolism-related enzymes phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) and phosphoglycerate (PHGDH) decreased in A-DPSCs and provided less methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) for DNA methylation, leading to the hypomethylation of the senescence marker p16 (CDNK2A). Furthermore, the proliferation and differentiation capacity of Y-DPSCs and SHED decreased after PHGDH siRNA treatment, which reduced the level of SAM. Convincingly, the ratios of PSAT1-, PHGDH-, or proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells in the dental pulp of old permanent teeth were less than those in the dental pulp of deciduous teeth and young permanent teeth. In summary, the stemness and differentiation capacity of DPSCs decreased with aging. The decreased serine metabolism in A-DPSCs upregulated the expression of p16 via attenuating its DNA methylation, resulting in DPSC aging. Our finding indicated that serine metabolism and 1 carbon unit participated in stem cell aging, which provided new direction for stem cell aging study and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - H M Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - C S Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - S J Cui
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y K Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y H Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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22
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Yang R, Huang H, Cui S, Zhou Y, Zhang T, Zhou Y. IFN-γ promoted exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells to attenuate colitis via miR-125a and miR-125b. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:603. [PMID: 32733020 PMCID: PMC7393506 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated therapeutic effects for colitis through immunomodulation and anti-inflammation. However, whether MSC-derived exosomes possessed the similar function remains unclear. In present study, exosomes were isolated from control and IFN-γ-primed MSCs and was verified by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and immunofluorescence staining. Administration of exosomes to mice significantly improved the disease activity index and histological score of colitis, and decreased the ratio of Th17 cells with elevated Treg cells ratio in mice colitis model. Exosomes from IFN-γ-primed MSCs showed superior therapeutic effects to colitis. Exosomes treatment inhibited Th17 differentiation in vitro, and exosomes from IFN-γ-primed MSCs showed higher inhibition efficacy. Mechanistically, exosomes treatment significantly decreased the expression of Stat3 and p-Stat3 to inhibit Th17 cells differentiation. IFN-γ pretreatment increased the level of miR-125a and miR-125b of exosomes, which directly targeted on Stat3, to repress Th17 cell differentiation. Moreover, combination of miR-125a and miR-125b agmior infusion also showed therapeutic effects for colitis, accompanied by decreased Th17 cell ratio. Collectively, this study demonstrates that IFN-γ treatment promoted exosomes from MSCs to attenuate colitis through increasing the level of miR-125a and miR-125b, which binding on 3′-UTR of Stat3 to repress Th17 cell differentiation. This study provides a new approach of exocytosis on the treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
| | - Huaming Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Cui
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yikun Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yanheng Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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23
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DNA methyltransferase mediates the hypermethylation of the microRNA 34a promoter and enhances the resistance of patient-derived pancreatic cancer cells to molecular targeting agents. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105071. [PMID: 32659427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) participates in the transformation or progression of human cancers by mediating the hypermethylation of cancer suppressors. However, the regulatory role of DNMT in pancreatic cancer cells remains poorly understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that DNMT1 repressed the expression of microRNA 34a (miR-34a) and enhanced the activation of the Notch pathway by mediating the hypermethylation of the miR-34a promoter. In patients with pancreatic cancer, the expression levels of DNMT1 were negatively related with those of miR-34a. Mechanistically, knockdown of DNMT1 decreased the methylation of the miR-34a promoter and enhanced the expression of miR-34a to inhibit the activation of the Notch pathway. Downregulation of the Notch pathway via the DNMT1/miR-34a axis significantly enhanced the sensitivity of pancreatic cells to molecular targeting agents. Therefore, the results of our study suggest that downregulation of DNMT enhances the expression of miR-34a and may be a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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24
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Wang J, Tian GG, Li X, Sun Y, Cheng L, Li Y, Shen Y, Chen X, Tang W, Tao S, Wu J. Integrated Glycosylation Patterns of Glycoproteins and DNA Methylation Landscapes in Mammalian Oogenesis and Preimplantation Embryo Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:555. [PMID: 32754589 PMCID: PMC7365846 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most fundamental post-translational modifications. However, the glycosylation patterns of glycoproteins have not been analyzed in mammalian preimplantation embryos, because of technical difficulties and scarcity of the required materials. Using high-throughput lectin microarrays of low-input cells and electrochemical techniques, an integration analysis of the DNA methylation and glycosylation landscapes of mammal oogenesis and preimplantation embryo development was performed. Highly noticeable changes occurred in the level of protein glycosylation during these events. Further analysis identified several stage-specific lectins including LEL, MNA-M, and MAL I. It was later confirmed that LEL was involved in mammalian oogenesis and preimplantation embryogenesis, and might be a marker of FGSC differentiation. Modified nanocomposite polyaniline/AuNPs were characterized by electron microscopy and modification on bare gold electrodes using layer-by-layer assembly technology. These nanoparticles were further subjected to accuracy measurements by analyzing the protein level of ten-eleven translocation protein (TET), which is an important enzyme in DNA demethylation that is regulated by O-glycosylation. Subsequent results showed that the variations in the glycosylation patterns of glycoproteins were opposite to those of the TET levels. Moreover, analysis of correlation between the changes in glyco-gene expression and female germline stem cell glycosylation profiles indicated that glycosylation was related to DNA methylation. Subsequent integration analysis showed that the trend in the variations of glycosylation patterns of glycoproteins was similar to that of DNA methylation and opposite to that of the TET protein levels during female germ cell and preimplantation embryo development. Our findings provide insight into the complex molecular mechanisms that regulate human embryo development, and a foundation for further elucidation of early embryonic development and informed reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Renji Hospital, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng G. Tian
- Renji Hospital, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Renji Hospital, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Renji Hospital, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xuejin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwei Tang
- School of Chemistry Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengce Tao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Renji Hospital, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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25
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Xin TY, Yu TT, Yang RL. DNA methylation and demethylation link the properties of mesenchymal stem cells: Regeneration and immunomodulation. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:351-358. [PMID: 32547683 PMCID: PMC7280864 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i5.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population that can be isolated from various tissues, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood, and craniofacial tissue. MSCs have attracted increasingly more attention over the years due to their regenerative capacity and function in immunomodulation. The foundation of tissue regeneration is the potential of cells to differentiate into multiple cell lineages and give rise to multiple tissue types. In addition,the immunoregulatory function of MSCs has provided insights into therapeutic treatments for immune-mediated diseases. DNA methylation and demethylation are important epigenetic mechanisms that have been shown to modulate embryonic stem cell maintenance, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by activating or suppressing a number of genes. In most studies, DNA hypermethylation is associated with gene suppression, while hypomethylation or demethylation is associated with gene activation. The dynamic balance of DNA methylation and demethylation is required for normal mammalian development and inhibits the onset of abnormal phenotypes. However, the exact role of DNA methylation and demethylation in MSC-based tissue regeneration and immunomodulation requires further investigation. In this review, we discuss how DNA methylation and demethylation function in multi-lineage cell differentiation and immunomodulation of MSCs based on previously published work. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of the role of DNA methylation and demethylation in MSCs for the treatment of metabolic or immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Xin
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rui-Li Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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