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Wang JL, Jing DD. Gastric microbiome and gastric cancer: Relationship, mechanism, and clinical significance. WORLD CHINESE JOURNAL OF DIGESTOLOGY 2024; 32:327-332. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v32.i5.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
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Luk CYM, Lee SA, Naidovski N, Liu F, Tay ACY, Wang L, Riordan S, Zhang L. Investigation of Campylobacter concisus gastric epithelial pathogenicity using AGS cells. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1289549. [PMID: 38274743 PMCID: PMC10808343 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1289549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter concisus is an oral bacterium. Recent studies suggest that C. concisus may be involved in human gastric diseases. The mechanisms, however, by which C. concisus causes human gastric diseases have not been investigated. Here we examined the gastric epithelial pathogenicity of C. concisus using a cell culture model. Six C. concisus strains and the human gastric epithelial cell line AGS cells were used. IL-8 produced by AGS cells after incubation with C. concisus was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and AGS cell apoptosis was determined by caspase 3/7 activities. The effects of C. concisus on actin arrangement in AGS cells was determined using fluorescence staining. The effects of C. concisus on global gene expression in AGS cells was determined by transcriptomic analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The role of the upregulated CYP1A1 gene in gastric cancer survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. C. concisus induced production of IL-8 by AGS cells with strain variation. Significantly increased caspase 3/7 activities were observed in AGS cells incubated with C. concisus strains when compared to AGS cells without bacteria. C. concisus induced actin re-arrangement in AGS cells. C. concisus upregulated 30 genes in AGS cells and the upregulation of CYP1A1 gene was confirmed by qRT-PCR. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that upregulation of CYP1A1 gene is associated with worse survival in gastric cancer patients. Our findings suggest that C. concisus may play a role in gastric inflammation and the progression of gastric cancer. Further investigation in clinical studies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Yau Man Luk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Seul A. Lee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas Naidovski
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alfred Chin Yen Tay
- Helicobacter Research Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Liang Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Center for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Stephen Riordan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Lim MCC, Jantaree P, Naumann M. The conundrum of Helicobacter pylori-associated apoptosis in gastric cancer. Trends Cancer 2023:S2405-8033(23)00080-8. [PMID: 37230895 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a human microbial pathogen that colonizes the gastric epithelium and causes type B gastritis with varying degrees of active inflammatory infiltrates. The underlying chronic inflammation induced by H. pylori and other environmental factors may promote the development of neoplasms and adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Dysregulation of various cellular processes in the gastric epithelium and in different cells of the microenvironment is a hallmark of H. pylori infection. We address the conundrum of H. pylori-associated apoptosis and review distinct mechanisms induced in host cells that either promote or suppress apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells, often simultaneously. We highlight key processes in the microenvironment that contribute to apoptosis and gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C C Lim
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Phatcharida Jantaree
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Naumann M, Ferino L, Sharafutdinov I, Backert S. Gastric Epithelial Barrier Disruption, Inflammation and Oncogenic Signal Transduction by Helicobacter pylori. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 444:207-238. [PMID: 38231220 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori exemplifies one of the most favourable bacterial pathogens worldwide. The bacterium colonizes the gastric mucosa in about half of the human population and constitutes a major risk factor for triggering gastric diseases such as stomach cancer. H. pylori infection represents a prime example of chronic inflammation and cancer-inducing bacterial pathogens. The microbe utilizes a remarkable set of virulence factors and strategies to control cellular checkpoints of inflammation and oncogenic signal transduction. This chapter emphasizes on the pathogenicity determinants of H. pylori such as the cytotoxin-associated genes pathogenicity island (cagPAI)-encoded type-IV secretion system (T4SS), effector protein CagA, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) metabolite ADP-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose (ADP-heptose), cytotoxin VacA, serine protease HtrA, and urease, and how they manipulate various key host cell signaling networks in the gastric epithelium. In particular, we highlight the H. pylori-induced disruption of cell-to-cell junctions, pro-inflammatory activities, as well as proliferative, pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic responses. Here we review these hijacked signal transduction events and their impact on gastric disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto Von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Lorena Ferino
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto Von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Irshad Sharafutdinov
- Dept. Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Dept. Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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Hosseini SA, Salehifard Jouneghani A, Ghatrehsamani M, Yaghoobi H, Elahian F, Mirzaei SA. CRISPR/Cas9 as precision and high-throughput genetic engineering tools in gastrointestinal cancer research and therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:732-754. [PMID: 36372102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer (GI) is one of the most serious and health-threatening diseases worldwide. Many countries have encountered an escalating prevalence of shock. Therefore, there is a pressing need to clarify the molecular pathogenesis of these cancers. The use of high-throughput technologies that allow the precise and simultaneous investigation of thousands of genes, proteins, and metabolites is a critical step in disease diagnosis and cure. Recent innovations have provided easy and reliable methods for genome investigation, including TALENs, ZFNs, and the CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats system). Among these, CRISPR/Cas9 has been revolutionary tool in genetic research. Recent years were prosperous years for CRISPR by the discovery of novel Cas enzymes, the Nobel Prize, and the development of critical clinical trials. This technology utilizes comprehensive information on genes associated with tumor development, provides high-throughput libraries for tumor therapy by developing screening platforms, and generates rapid tools for cancer therapy. This review discusses the various applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in genome editing, with a particular focus on genome manipulation, including infection-related genes, RNAi targets, pooled library screening for identification of unknown driver mutations, and molecular targets for gastrointestinal cancer modeling. Finally, it provides an overview of CRISPR/Cas9 clinical trials, as well as the challenges associated with its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayedeh Azimeh Hosseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Ghatrehsamani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hajar Yaghoobi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Elahian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Kennedy II DE, Mody P, Gout JF, Tan W, Seo KS, Olivier AK, Rosch JW, Thornton JA. Contribution of Puma to Inflammatory Resolution During Early Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:886901. [PMID: 35694536 PMCID: PMC9177954 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.886901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of cells at the site of infection is a requirement for shutdown of inflammatory signaling, avoiding tissue damage, and preventing progression of sepsis. Puma+/+ and Puma-/- mice were challenged with TIGR4 strain pneumococcus and cytokines were quantitated from lungs and blood using a magnetic bead panel analysis. Puma-/- mice exhibited higher lung and blood cytokine levels of several major inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, G-CSF, RANTES, IL-12, IFN-ϒ, and IP-10. Puma-/- mice were more susceptible to bacterial dissemination and exhibited more weight loss than their wild-type counterparts. RNA sequencing analysis of whole pulmonary tissue revealed Puma-dependent regulation of Nrxn2, Adam19, and Eln. Enrichment of gene ontology groups differentially expressed in Puma-/- tissues were strongly correlated to IFN-β and -ϒ signaling. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the role of Puma in prohibition of the cytokine storm during bacterial pneumonia. These findings further suggest a role for targeting immunomodulation of IFN signaling during pulmonary inflammation. Additionally, our findings suggest previously undemonstrated roles for genes encoding regulatory and binding proteins during the early phase of the innate immune response of pneumococcal pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Kennedy II
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Perceus Mody
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Jean-Francois Gout
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Keun Seok Seo
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Alicia K. Olivier
- Department of Population and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Jason W. Rosch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Justin A. Thornton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
- *Correspondence: Justin A. Thornton,
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Helicobacter pylori infection activates Wnt/β-catenin pathway to promote the occurrence of gastritis by upregulating ASCL1 and AQP5. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:257. [PMID: 35538066 PMCID: PMC9090998 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a well-recognized contributing factor to gastritis, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be established. It is interesting to note that AQP5 was predicted to be highly expressed in intestinal metaplasia (IM) based on H. pylori infection-related microarray data, and the transcription factor ASCL1 was bioinformatically predicted to associate with AQP5. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the mechanistic significance of ASCL1 and AQP5 in H. pylori infection of gastritis. Gastritis mouse models were established by H. pylori infection, followed by determination of AQP5 and ASCL1 in gastric mucosa. Besides, the effects of AQP5 on H. pylori-induced gastritis were explored using AQP5-/- mice. It was observed that H. pylori infection elevated expression of AQP5 and ASCL1 in gastric mucosa and gastric epithelial cells (GECs). H. pylori induced AQP5 expression by regulating ASCL1 and activated WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in GECs. It was also found that AQP5 knockdown suppressed inflammatory response and apoptosis in H. pylori-infected mice. Moreover, H. pylori infection-elevated ASCL1 and AQP5 expression promoted apoptosis and inflammation in GECs. Taken together, the key findings of the present study demonstrate that H. pylori infection activated WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway by upregulating ASCL1/AQP5 to induce gastritis.
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Xie D, Sun MY. Mechanism of action of NF-κB related cell signaling pathways in progression of gastritis to carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:255-259. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i6.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a major global public health problem. The evolvement pattern of "superficial gastritis-chronic atrophic gastritis-intestinal metaplasia-dysplasia-gastric carcinoma" is common in related gastric diseases. As a key factor involved in systemic stress response, inflammatory response, and apoptosis, the regulation of NF-κB related to inflammation and apoptosis is a necessary link between inflammation and cancer progression. NF-κB is activated in most solid tumors and lymphomas. In the critical mechanism of gastric cancer induced by gastritis with various etiologies, the upstream and downstream molecules in the NF-κB signaling pathway are changed, and the cells are exposed to the microenvironment of inflammatory response for a long time, which ultimately leads to the development of their carcinogenic potential. This article discusses the mechanism of NF-κB in the key risk factors for the progression of gastric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xie
- Shuguang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming-Yu Sun
- Shuguang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Han L, Shu X, Wang J. Helicobacter pylori-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Gastric Diseases: A Review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:811258. [PMID: 35211104 PMCID: PMC8860906 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.811258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is considered to be a type of gastrointestinal tumor and is mostly accompanied by Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection at the early stage. Hence, the long-term colonization of the gastric mucosa by HP as a causative factor for gastrointestinal diseases cannot be ignored. The virulence factors secreted by the bacterium activate the signaling pathway of oxidative stress and mediate chronic inflammatory response in the host cells. The virulence factors also thwart the antibacterial effect of neutrophils. Subsequently, DNA methylation is induced, which causes continuous cell proliferation and evolution toward low-grade-differentiated gastric cells. This process provides the pathological basis for the occurrence of progressive gastric cancer. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the oxidative stress response triggered by HP in the gastric mucosa and the subsequent signaling pathways. The findings are expected to help in the formulation of new targeted drugs for preventing the occurrence of early gastric cancer and its progression to middle and advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xu Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Maubach G, Vieth M, Boccellato F, Naumann M. Helicobacter pylori-induced NF-κB: trailblazer for gastric pathophysiology. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:210-222. [PMID: 35012886 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
NF-κB signaling pathways, induced by a variety of triggers, play a key role in regulating the expression of genes involved in the immune response and cellular responses to stress. The human pathogen Helicobacter pylori induces classical and alternative NF-κB signaling pathways via its effector ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose (ADP-heptose). We review H. pylori- and NF-κB-dependent alterations in cellular processes and associated maladaptation leading to deleterious gastric pathophysiology that have implications for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric diseases. Therapeutic options for gastric cancer (GC) include clinically relevant small molecule inhibitors of NF-κB and epigenetic therapy approaches. In this context, gastric organoid biobanks originated from patient material, represent a valuable platform for translational applications to predict patient responses to chemotherapy, with a view to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunter Maubach
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Francesco Boccellato
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX37DQ Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Clinical Effect of Clarithromycin Combined with Tinidazole on Helicobacter pylori-Related Gastritis and Its Influence on COX-2 Expression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4171019. [PMID: 34888378 PMCID: PMC8651390 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4171019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that COX-2 expression is upregulated in gastric cancer (GC) as well as in precancerous lesions and in Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation, suggesting that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) may play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. We attempted to investigate the role of clarithromycin with tinidazole on Helicobacter pylori-related gastritis from the aspects of clinical effect and COX-2 expression. From January 2016 to January 2019, 130 patients with Helicobacter pylori-related chronic gastritis were collected and grouped into the observation group (OG) and the control group (CG). Altogether, 80 patients in the OG were treated with clarithromycin with tinidazole, while 50 patients in the CG were treated with amoxicillin with metronidazole. Clinical symptom improvement time, content of COX-2 and B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), content of inflammatory factors interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-4, and C-reactive protein (CRP), expression level of nutritional indicators serum albumin (ALB), realbumin (PA), and transferrin (TF), clearance of Helicobacter pylori, total effective rate, and incidence of adverse reactions were detected. Compared with the CG, the OG had shorter clinical symptom improvement time, lower COX-2 and Bcl-2, lower expression of inflammatory factors IL-1, IL-4, and CRP, higher expression of nutritional indicators ALB, TF, and PA, higher clearance rate of Helicobacter pylori, higher total effective rate, and lower incidence of adverse reactions. Clarithromycin combined with tinidazole can effectively improve the clinical effect of Helicobacter pylori-related gastritis and reduce the expression level of COX-2.
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Yang H, Wei B, Hu B. Chronic inflammation and long-lasting changes in the gastric mucosa after Helicobacter pylori infection involved in gastric cancer. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:1015-1026. [PMID: 34549319 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects approximately half of the world's population, as one of the most common chronic infections. H. pylori infection has been widely recognized as a major risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). METHODS Eradication treatment is considered to abolish the inflammatory response and prevent progression to GC. However, only 1-3% of H. pylori-infected patients develop GC, whereas GC can occur even after eradicating H. pylori. In addition, the incidence of GC following H. pylori infection is significantly higher compared to the gross incidence induced by all causes, although eradicating H. pylori reduces the risk of developing GC. RESULTS Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that H. pylori infection results in changes that persist even after its eradication. Several of these changes may not be reversible within a short time, including the status of inflammation, the dysfunction of immunity and apoptosis, mitochondrial changes, aging and gastric dysbacteriosis. CONCLUSION The present review article aimed to discuss these potential long-lasting changes induced by H. pylori infection that may follow the eradication of H. pylori and contribute to the development of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Xi'an City, Xi'an, 710002, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Chen K, Zhang L, Qu Z, Wan F, Li J, Yang Y, Yan H, Huang S. Uncovering the Mechanisms and Molecular Targets of Weibing Formula 1 against Gastritis: Coupling Network Pharmacology with GEO Database. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5533946. [PMID: 34471638 PMCID: PMC8405302 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5533946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Weibing Formula 1, a classic traditional formula, has been widely used clinically to treat gastritis in recent years. However, the potential pharmacological mechanism of Weibing Formula 1 is still unclear to date. A network pharmacology-based strategy was performed to uncover the underlying mechanisms of Weibing Formula 1 against gastritis. Furthermore, we structured the drug-active ingredients-genes-disease network and PPI network of shared targets, and function enrichment analysis of these targets was carried out. Ultimately, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and real-time quantitative PCR were used to verify the related genes. We found 251 potential targets corresponding to 135 bioactive components of Weibing Formula 1. Then, 327 gastritis-related targets were known gastritis-related targets. Among which, 60 common targets were shared between potential targets of Weibing Formula 1 and known gastritis-related targets. The results of pathway enrichment analysis displayed that 60 common targets mostly participated in various pathways related to Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, and apoptosis. Based on the GSE60427 dataset, 15 common genes were shared between differentially expressed genes and 60 candidate targets. The verification results of the GSE5081 dataset showed that except for DUOX2 and VCAM1, the other 13 genes were significantly upregulated in gastritis, which was consistent with the results in the GSE60427 dataset. More importantly, real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the expressions of PTGS2, MMP9, CXCL2, and CXCL8 were significantly upregulated and NOS2, EGFR, and IL-10 were downregulated in gastritis patients, while the expressions of PTGS2, MMP9, CXCL2, and CXCL8 were significantly downregulated and NOS2, EGFR, and IL-10 were upregulated after the treatment of Weibing Formula 1. PTGS2, NOS2, EGFR, MMP9, CXCL2, CXCL8, and IL-10 may be the important direct targets of Weibing Formula 1 in gastritis treatment. Our study revealed the mechanism of Weibing Formula 1 in gastritis from an overall and systematic perspective, providing a theoretical basis for further knowing and application of this formula in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjin District, Chengdu, China
| | - Luojian Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, China MCC5 Group Corp. Ltd. Hospital, China
| | - Zhen Qu
- Department of Foot and Ankle, Sichuan Provincial Orthopaedic Hospital, China
| | - Feng Wan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources/Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjin District, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjin District, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjin District, Chengdu, China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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Chen J, Zhang W, Pan C, Fan J, Zhong X, Tang S. Glaucocalyxin A induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via inhibiting NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway in melanoma cells. Life Sci 2021; 271:119185. [PMID: 33577846 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Melanoma is a malignant tumor of the skin with a high metastasis rate and poor prognosis. Glaucocalyxin A (GLA), isolated from Rabdosia japonica, is a diterpenoid compound with anticancer properties. Here, we investigated the anticancer properties and explored the mechanisms underlying GLA activity in melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. MAIN METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays were used to assess the effects of GLA on cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the cell cycle, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine protein expression. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine animal tissues and tumors in mice. KEY FINDINGS GLA could effectively inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. GLA induced an overproduction of cellular ROS, decreased MMP, and upregulated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which is an indicator of apoptosis. Phosphorylation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/p65 and NF-κB/p65 nuclear expression decreased after GLA treatment in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that the anticancer effects of GLA are mediated through the NF-κB/p65 pathway. Moreover, we observed that GLA was effective in inhibiting tumor growth without obvious toxicity to major organs in mice. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study to show that GLA inhibits cell proliferation, arrests the cell cycle in the G2/M phase, and induces mitochondrial apoptosis via the NF-κB/p65 pathway in melanoma cells. Overall, our results demonstrate that GLA may be a potential anticancer agent for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wancong Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chen Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jufeng Fan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Xiaoping Zhong
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Shijie Tang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China.
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Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms involved in induction and regulation of the immune and inflammatory response to Helicobacter pylori is extremely important in determining disease outcomes. H pylori expresses a plethora of factors that influence the host response. Vaccines against H pylori are desperately needed for the prevention of gastric carcinogenesis, especially with the increasing trends in antimicrobial resistance. This review summarizes some important findings, published between 1 April 2019 and 31 March 2020, in the areas of H pylori-mediated inflammation, immunity and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Robinson
- School of Medicine, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Philippe Lehours
- UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, INSERM, Univ. Bordeaux, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France.,French National Reference Centre for Campylobacters & Helicobacters, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
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