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Xu H, Wang L, Zhu X, Zhang H, Chen H, Zhang H. Jintiange capsule ameliorates glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rats by regulating the activity and differentiation of BMSCs. J Tradit Complement Med 2024; 14:568-580. [PMID: 39262662 PMCID: PMC11384076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim A surplus of glucocorticoids (GC) is a main cause of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), and Jintiange (JTG), as one of the traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), also plays an instrumental role in the alleviation of bone loss simultaneously. Therefore, JTG was thought to be able to reverse GC-induced ONFH (GC-ONFH) to a certain extent. Experimental procedure In vivo, the effect of JTG on trabeculae in the subchondral bone of the femoral head was investigated using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and histological staining; in vitro, proliferation, viability, apoptosis, and senescence of purified bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were examined to demonstrate the direct impact of JTG on these cells. Meanwhile after using a series of interventions, the function of JTG on BMSC differentiation could be assessed by measuring of osteogenic and adipogenic markers at levels of protein and mRNA. Results Our final results demonstrated that with the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, JTG was able to significantly promote osteogenesis, restrain adipogenesis, delay senescence in BMSCs, reduce osteoclast number, weaken apoptosis, and enhance proliferation of osteocytes, all of which could mitigate the progression of subchondral osteonecrosis. Conclusion According to the results of experiments in vitro and vivo, JTG was deemed to relieve the early GC-ONFH using the prevention of destruction of subchondral bone, which was contributed to regulating the differentiation of BMSCs and the number of osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xunpeng Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haigang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Yang Y, Liu Z, Sun S, Li R, Zhu H, Li T, Zheng J, Li J, Ma L. Circular RNAs in human diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e699. [PMID: 39239069 PMCID: PMC11374765 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a unique class of RNA molecules formed through back-splicing rather than linear splicing. As an emerging field in molecular biology, circRNAs have garnered significant attention due to their distinct structure and potential functional implications. A comprehensive understanding of circRNAs' functions and potential clinical applications remains elusive despite accumulating evidence of their involvement in disease pathogenesis. Recent research highlights their significant roles in various human diseases, but comprehensive reviews on their functions and applications remain scarce. This review provides an in-depth examination of circRNAs, focusing first on their involvement in non-neoplastic diseases such as respiratory, endocrine, metabolic, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and renal disorders. We then explore their roles in tumors, with particular emphasis on exosomal circular RNAs, which are crucial for cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to treatment. By detailing their biogenesis, functions, and impact on disease mechanisms, this review underscores the potential of circRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The review not only enhances our understanding of circRNAs' roles in specific diseases and tumor types but also highlights their potential as novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools, thereby paving the way for future clinical investigations and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Tangdu Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) The First Department of Thoracic Surgery Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute Peking University School of Oncology Beijing China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tangdu Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment in Shaanxi Province Xi'an China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tangdu Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment in Shaanxi Province Xi'an China
| | - Zhuofeng Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Sijia Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tangdu Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment in Shaanxi Province Xi'an China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Anatomy Medical College of Yan'an University Yan'an China
- Institute of Medical Research Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tangdu Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment in Shaanxi Province Xi'an China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Endocrine Xijing 986 Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Litian Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Tangdu Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tangdu Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment in Shaanxi Province Xi'an China
- Department of Gastroenterology Tangdu Hospital Air Force Medical University Xi'an China
- School of Medicine Northwest University Xi'an China
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Xu C, Xu Z, Li G, Li J, Ye L, Ning Y, Du Y. CircFgfr2 promotes osteogenic differentiation of rat dental follicle cells by targeting the miR-133a-3p/DLX3 signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32498. [PMID: 38912473 PMCID: PMC11193016 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental follicle cells (DFCs) promote bone regeneration in vivo and in vitro. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in bone development and regeneration. Our previous study demonstrated the upregulation of circFgfr2 expression during the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. However, the molecular mechanisms and functional roles of circFgfr2 in DFCs osteogenesis remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the subcellular localization of circFgfr2 in DFCs using fluorescence in situ hybridization. In vitro investigations demonstrated that circFgfr2 overexpression promoted osteogenic differentiation, as evidenced by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. By integrating the outcomes of bioinformatics analyses, dual luciferase reporter experiments, and chromatin isolation by RNA purification, we identified circFgfr2 as a sponge for miR-133a-3p, a key regulator of osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, miR-133a-3p suppressed osteogenic differentiation by targeting DLX3 and RUNX2 in DFCs. We validated that circFgfr2 promoted the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs through the miR-133a-3p/DLX3 axis. To further investigate the therapeutic potential of circFgfr2 in bone regeneration, we conducted in vivo experiments and histological analyses. Overall, these results confirmed the crucial role of circFgfr2 in promoting osteogenesis. In summary, our findings demonstrated that the circFgfr2/miR-133a-3p/DLX3 pathway acts as a cascade, thereby identifying circFgfr2 as a promising molecular target for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Reasearch Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University,Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiqing Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guixian Li
- Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Jiangmen Municipal Stomatological Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Ye
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Ning
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Du
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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4
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Valenti MT, Zerlotin R, Cominacini M, Bolognin S, Grano M, Dalle Carbonare L. Exploring the Role of Circular RNA in Bone Biology: A Comprehensive Review. Cells 2024; 13:999. [PMID: 38920630 PMCID: PMC11201515 DOI: 10.3390/cells13120999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators of gene expression with diverse roles in various biological processes. In recent years, research into circRNAs' involvement in bone biology has gained significant attention, unveiling their potential as novel regulators and biomarkers in bone-related disorders and diseases. CircRNAs, characterized by their closed-loop structure, exhibit stability and resistance to degradation, underscoring their functional significance. In bone tissue, circRNAs are involved in critical processes such as osteogenic differentiation, osteoclastogenesis, and bone remodeling through intricate molecular mechanisms including microRNA regulation. Dysregulated circRNAs are associated with various bone disorders, suggesting their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The therapeutic targeting of these circRNAs holds promise for addressing bone-related conditions, offering new perspectives for precision medicine. Thus, circRNAs constitute integral components of bone regulatory networks, impacting both physiological bone homeostasis and pathological conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of circRNAs in bone biology, emphasizing their regulatory mechanisms, functional implications, and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy
| | - Roberta Zerlotin
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Mattia Cominacini
- Department of Engineering for the Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.C.)
| | - Silvia Bolognin
- MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Luca Dalle Carbonare
- Department of Engineering for the Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.C.)
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5
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Hwang HJ, Kim YK. Molecular mechanisms of circular RNA translation. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1272-1280. [PMID: 38871818 PMCID: PMC11263353 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed single-stranded RNAs without a 5' cap structure and a 3' poly(A) tail typically present in linear mRNAs of eukaryotic cells. CircRNAs are predominantly generated through a back-splicing process within the nucleus. CircRNAs have long been considered non-coding RNAs seemingly devoid of protein-coding potential. However, many recent studies have challenged this idea and have provided substantial evidence that a subset of circRNAs can associate with polysomes and indeed be translated. Therefore, in this review, we primarily highlight the 5' cap-independent internal initiation of translation that occurs on circular RNAs. Several molecular features of circRNAs, including the internal ribosome entry site, N6-methyladenosine modification, and the exon junction complex deposited around the back-splicing junction after back-splicing event, play pivotal roles in their efficient internal translation. We also propose a possible relationship between the translatability of circRNAs and their stability, with a focus on nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and nonstop decay, both of which are well-characterized mRNA surveillance mechanisms. An in-depth understanding of circRNA translation will reshape and expand our current knowledge of proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Liu W, Zou M, Chen M, Zhang Z, Mao Y, Yang Y, Liu Y, Shi Q, Wang X, Zhang F. Hypoxic environment promotes angiogenesis and bone bridge formation by activating Notch/RBPJ signaling pathway in HUVECs. Genomics 2024; 116:110838. [PMID: 38537807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
After epiphyseal fracture, the epiphyseal plate is prone to ischemia and hypoxia, leading to the formation of bone bridge and deformity. However, the exact mechanism controlling the bone bridge formation remains unclear. Notch/RBPJ signaling axis has been indicated to regulate angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation. Our study aims to investigate the mechanism of bone bridge formation after epiphyseal plate injury, and to provide a theoretical basis for new therapeutic approaches to prevent the bone bridge formation. The expression of DLL4 and RBPJ was significantly up-regulated in HUVECs after ischemia and hypoxia treatment. Notch/RBPJ pathway positively regulated the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. HUVECs can induce osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs under ischemia and hypoxia. Notch/RBPJ pathway is involved in the regulation of the trans-epiphyseal bridge formation. Notch/RBPJ in HUVECs is associated with osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and may participate in the regulation of the bone bridge formation across the epiphyseal plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan St., Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China; Clinical Pediatrics School, Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan St., Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mincheng Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan St., Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China; Clinical Pediatrics School, Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan St., Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mimi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan St., Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan St., Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunpeng Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan St., Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuhao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan St., Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan St., Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi St., Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan St., Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China; Clinical Pediatrics School, Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan St., Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fuyong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhongnan St., Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China.
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7
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Sun X, Zhao X, Xu Y, Yan Y, Han L, Wei M, He M. Potential therapeutic strategy for cancer: Multi-dimensional cross-talk between circRNAs and parental genes. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216794. [PMID: 38453043 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
In many ways, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been demonstrated to be crucial in the onset and advancement of cancer throughout the last ten years and have become a new focus of intense research in the field of RNAs. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that circRNAs can regulate parental gene expression via a variety of biological pathways. Furthermore, research into the complex interactions between circRNAs and their parental genes will shed light on their biological roles and open up new avenues for circRNAs' potential clinical translational uses. However, to date, multi-dimensional cross-talk between circRNAs and parental genes have not been systematically elucidated. Particularly intriguing is circRNA's exploration of tumor targeting, and potential therapeutic uses based on the parental gene regulation perspective. Here, we discuss their biogenesis, take a fresh look at the molecular mechanisms through which circRNAs control the expression of their parental genes in cancer. We further highlight We further highlight the latest circRNA clinical translational applications, including prognostic diagnostic markers, cancer vaccines, gDNA, and so on. Demonstrating the potential benefits and future applications of circRNA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.
| | - Li Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.
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Wu J, Li X, Nie H, Shen Y, Guo Z, Huihan Chu C, Cai K, Tang C. Phytic acid promotes high glucose-mediated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells osteogenesis via modulating circEIF4B that sponges miR-186-5p and complexes with IGF2BP3. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116118. [PMID: 38467376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes-related hyperglycemia inhibits bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) function, thereby disrupting osteoblast capacity and bone regeneration. Dietary supplementation with phytic acid (PA), a natural inositol phosphate, has shown promise in preventing osteoporosis and diabetes-related complications. Emerging evidence has suggested that circular (circ)RNAs implicate in the regulation of bone diseases, but their specific regulatory roles in BMSC osteogenesis in hyperglycemic environments remain elucidated. In this study, in virto experiments demonstrated that PA treatment effectively improved the osteogenic capability of high glucose-mediated BMSCs. Differentially expressed circRNAs in PA-induced BMSCs were identified using circRNA microarray analysis. Here, our findings highlight an upregulation of circEIF4B expression in BMSCs stimulated with PA under a high-glucose microenvironment. Further investigations demonstrated that circEIF4B overexpression promoted high glucose-mediated BMSC osteogenesis. In contrast, circEIF4B knockdown exerted the opposite effect. Mechanistically, circEIF4B sequestered microRNA miR-186-5p and triggered osteogenesis enhancement in BMSCs by targeting FOXO1 directly. Furthermore, circEIF4B inhibited the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of IGF2BP3, thereby stabilizing ITGA5 mRNA and promoting BMSC osteogenic differentiation. In vivo experiments, circEIF4B inhibition attenuated the effectiveness of PA treatment in diabetic rats with cranial defects. Collectively, our study identifies PA as a novel positive regulator of BMSC osteogenic differentiation through the circEIF4B/miR-186-5p/FOXO1 and circEIF4B/IGF2BP3/ITGA5 axes, which offers a new strategy for treating high glucose-mediatedBMSCosteogenic dysfunction and delayed bone regeneration in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Hepeng Nie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Department of General Dentistry Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Department of Oral Implantology Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Zixiang Guo
- Department of Oral Implantology Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Catherine Huihan Chu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Department of Orthodontics Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Kunzhan Cai
- Department of Oral Implantology Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Chunbo Tang
- Department of Oral Implantology Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China.
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Liang Z, Luo B, Peng B, Li Y, Hu X, Zhong W, Li X, Wang P, Zhu X, Zhang R, Yang L. Bone-Differentiation-Associated Circ-Spen Regulates Death of Mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Promoting Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3034. [PMID: 38474279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in bone health is closely associated with its function in vivo, and ERβ-/- mice have been widely utilized to explore the related influences. In this study, ERβ-/- female mice were established to investigate the differential expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) by RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq). Among these circRNAs, mmu_circ_0011379 (named Circ-Spen) exhibited high expression in ERβ-/- female mice. However, the precise mechanism by which Circ-Spen regulates bone health remained unclear. This study identified Circ-Spen as a positive regulator of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (mBMSC) viability. The expression of Circ-Spen was markedly increased in ERβ-/- mice femurs tested by RT-qPCR. Moreover, Circ-Spen exhibited an enhanced expression during the bone formation process of mBMSCs. Qualitative experiments also demonstrated that Circ-Spen possessed a circular structure and was localized within the nucleus of mBMSCs. Functionally, it inhibited apoptosis via caspase-3, BCL-2, and BAX, while also promoting autophagy through BECN1 and P62 in mBMSCs tested by MTT assays, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Western blotting. These findings reveal the potential of targeting Circ-Spen as a promising therapeutic strategy for rejuvenating senescent mBMSCs and enhancing the efficiency of mBMSC transplantation, which lays the foundation for advancements in the field of bone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bingjie Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bojia Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yunchuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xueling Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Hussain MS, Shaikh NK, Agrawal M, Tufail M, Bisht AS, Khurana N, Kumar R. Osteomyelitis and non-coding RNAS: A new dimension in disease understanding. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155186. [PMID: 38350169 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis, a debilitating bone infection, presents considerable clinical challenges due to its intricate etiology and limited treatment options. Despite strides in surgical and chemotherapeutic interventions, the treatment landscape for osteomyelitis remains unsatisfactory. Recent attention has focused on the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the pathogenesis and progression of osteomyelitis. This review consolidates current knowledge on the involvement of distinct classes of ncRNAs, including microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs, in the context of osteomyelitis. Emerging evidence from various studies underscores the potential of ncRNAs in orchestrating gene expression and influencing the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, pivotal processes in bone formation. The review initiates by elucidating the regulatory functions of ncRNAs in fundamental cellular processes such as inflammation, immune response, and bone remodeling, pivotal in osteomyelitis pathology. It delves into the intricate network of interactions between ncRNAs and their target genes, illuminating how dysregulation contributes to the establishment and persistence of osteomyelitic infections. Understanding their regulatory roles may pave the way for targeted diagnostic tools and innovative therapeutic interventions, promising a paradigm shift in the clinical approach to this challenging condition. Additionally, we delve into the promising therapeutic applications of these molecules, envisioning novel diagnostic and treatment approaches to enhance the management of this challenging bone infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Nusrat K Shaikh
- Department of Quality Assurance, Smt. N. M. Padalia Pharmacy College, Ahmedabad, 382210 Gujarat, India
| | - Mohit Agrawal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram 122103, India
| | - Muhammad Tufail
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Ajay Singh Bisht
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Patel Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India
| | - Navneet Khurana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Gan L, Li Y. Clinical Efficacy and Mechanism of Vitamin D2 in Treating Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1193-1210. [PMID: 38410421 PMCID: PMC10896103 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s441120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, with the highest incidence rate among autoimmune thyroid disorders. Vitamin D2 may have therapeutic effects on HT. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying vitamin D2 therapy for HT. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with vitamin D2-treated HT were identified, and the DEG-associated gene enrichment pathway was explored using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. The correlation between the hub genes and infiltrating immune cells was investigated, and the interactions among the hub genes and target drug and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA; long non-coding RNA [lncRNA]-microRNA [miRNA]-messenger RNA [mRNA]) regulatory networks were determined. Results GO and KEGG enrichment analyses identified a total of 102 DEGs (6 upregulated and 96 downregulated) in the vitamin D2-treated group samples. The area under the curve values of the identified 10 hub genes was as follows: CCR1(0.920), CXCL1 (0.960), CXCL8 (0.960), EGR1 (0.960), FCGR3B (0.920), FOS (1.000), FPR1 (0.840), MMP9 (0.720), PTGS2 (0.960), and TREM1 (1.000). The immune enrichment scores of the mast cell (P = 0.008), neutrophil (P = 0.016), and plasmacytoid dendritic cell (P = 0.016) were significantly decreased in the vitamin D2-treated group (P < 0.05). The hub gene/drug regulatory network included 8 hub genes, 108 molecular drugs, and 114 interaction relationship pairs. The ceRNA regulatory network included 129 lncRNAs, 145 miRNAs, mRNAs (hub genes), and 324 interaction relationship pairs. Conclusion Vitamin D2 may play an immunomodulatory role by regulating the aforementioned immune-related molecules and immune cells, thereby improving its therapeutic effects on HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan City, 750000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan City, 750000, People's Republic of China
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Meng M, Wang J, Wang C, Zhao J, Wang H, Zhang Y, Sun H, Liu M. Coenzyme Q10 Protects Against Hyperlipidemia-Induced Osteoporosis by Improving Mitochondrial Function via Modulating miR-130b-3p/PGC-1α Pathway. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:182-199. [PMID: 38055044 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiate into more adipocytes than osteoblasts, leading to decreased bone formation. It is vital to elucidate the effects of hyperlipidemia on bone metabolism and seek new agents that regulate adipocyte-osteoblast lineage allocation. CoQ10, a rate-limiting coenzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, has been reported to decrease oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by functioning as a mitochondrial antioxidant. However, its effect on hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis remains unknown. Here, we analyzed the therapeutic mechanisms of CoQ10 on hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis by using high-fat diet (HFD)-treated ApoE-/- mice or oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated BMSCs. The serum lipid levels were elevated and bone formation-related markers were decreased in HFD-treated ApoE-/- mice and ox-LDL-treated BMSCs, which could be reversed by CoQ10. Additionally, PGC-1α protein expression was decreased in HFD-treated ApoE-/- mice and ox-LDL-treated BMSCs, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased ATP content and overgeneration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could also be antagonized by CoQ10. Furthermore, PGC-1α knockdown in vitro promoted ROS generation, BMSC apoptosis, and adipogenic differentiation while attenuating osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs. Mechanistically, it suggested that the expression of PGC1-α protein was increased with miR-130b-3p inhibitor treatment in osteoporosis under hyperlipidemia conditions to improve mitochondrial function. Collectively, CoQ10 alleviates hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis in ApoE-/- mice and regulates adipocyte-osteoblast lineage allocation. The possible underlying mechanism may involve the improvement of mitochondrial function by modulating the miR-130b-3p/PGC-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jianyu Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Huihan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Mozhen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian, 116011, China.
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Mazziotta C, Badiale G, Cervellera CF, Tognon M, Martini F, Rotondo JC. Regulatory mechanisms of circular RNAs during human mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation. Theranostics 2024; 14:143-158. [PMID: 38164139 PMCID: PMC10750202 DOI: 10.7150/thno.89066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Human osteogenic differentiation is a complex and well-orchestrated process which involves a plethora of molecular players and cellular processes. A growing number of studies have underlined that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important regulatory role during human osteogenic differentiation. CircRNAs are single-stranded, covalently closed non-coding RNA molecules that are acquiring increased attention as epigenetic regulators of gene expression. Given their intrinsic high conformational stability, abundance, and specificity, circRNAs can undertake various biological activities in order to regulate multiple cellular processes, including osteogenic differentiation. The most recent evidence indicates that circRNAs control human osteogenesis by preventing the inhibitory activity of miRNAs on their downstream target genes, using a competitive endogenous RNA mechanism. The aim of this review is to draw attention to the currently known regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs during human osteogenic differentiation. Specifically, we provide an understanding of recent advances in research conducted on various human mesenchymal stem cell types that underlined the importance of circRNAs in regulating osteogenesis. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying regulatory mechanisms of circRNA in osteogenesis will improve knowledge on the molecular processes of bone growth, resulting in the potential development of novel preclinical and clinical studies and the discovery of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools for bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mazziotta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine - Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara. 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street. Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giada Badiale
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine - Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara. 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street. Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - John Charles Rotondo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine - Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara. 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street. Ferrara, Italy
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Wang T, Zhang C, Xu L, Li X. Roles of circular RNAs in osteogenic/osteoclastogenic differentiation. Biofactors 2024; 50:6-15. [PMID: 37534732 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The process of bone remodeling occurs and is regulated through interactions between osteoclasts, which resorb bone, and osteoblasts, which generate bone tissue. When the homeostatic balance between these two cell types is dysregulated, this can contribute to abnormal bone remodeling resulting in a loss of bone mass as is observed in osteoporosis (OP) and other forms of degenerative bone metabolic diseases. At present, details of molecular mechanism underlying the development of bone metabolic diseases such as OP remain to be elucidated. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules with a closed-loop structure that can regulate the differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. The present review provides a systematic overview of recent literature on the processes through which circRNAs regulate the dynamic balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts that ultimately preserve bone homeostasis. It will also give insight that can shape current understanding of the pathogenesis of OP and other bone metabolic diseases to better guide diagnostic and treatment strategies for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xingnuan Li
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
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Shen Y, Jiang B, Luo B, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Wang Q. Circular RNA-FK501 binding protein 51 boosts bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation via modulating microRNA-205-5p/Runt-associated transcription factor 2 axis. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:782. [PMID: 37853466 PMCID: PMC10583363 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteogenesis is the key process of bone homeostasis differentiation. Numerous studies have manifested that circular RNA (circRNA) is a critical regulator of osteogenesis. The research was to explore circRNA-mediated mechanisms in osteogenesis. METHODS Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured and induced to osteogenic differentiation (OD). Then, oe-circ-FKBP5, oe-NC, si-circ-FKBP5, si-NC, miR-205-5p mimic, mimic NC, miR-205-5p inhibitor, inhibitor NC, sh-RUNX2, or sh-NC were transfected into BMSCs. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was detected by ALP staining, cell mineralization was detected by alizarin red staining, cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Then, the expression of circ-FKBP5, miR-205-5p, RUNX2 and osteogenic marker genes was detected by RT-qPCR, and the expression of RUNX2 protein was detected by Western blot. Finally, the targeting relationship between miR-205-5p and circ-FKBP5 or RUNX2 was verified by bioinformation website analysis and dual luciferase reporter gene detection. RESULTS Circ-FK501 binding protein 51 (FKBP5) was distinctly elevated during OD of BMSCs. Elevated circ-FKBP5 boosted the proliferation and OD, as well as expression of osteogenic marker genes while reduced apoptosis of BMSCs. Down-regulation of circ-FKBP5 inhibited BMSCs proliferation, OD and osteogenic marker gene expression, and promoted apoptosis of BMSCs. Subsequently, circ-FKBP5 combined with miR-205-5p and constrained miR-205-5p expression. Silenced miR-205-5p boosted proliferation, OD, and expression of osteogenic marker genes and suppressed apoptosis of BMSCs. However, up-regulation of miR-205-5p inhibited BMSC proliferation, OD and osteogenic marker gene expression, and promoted apoptosis. Additionally, miR-205-5p targeted Runt-associated transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). Repression of RUNX2 turned around the effect of circ-FKBP5 overexpression on BMSCs. CONCLUSION In brief, circ-FKBP5 boosted BMSC proliferation and OD by mediating the miR-205-5p/RUNX2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu City, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, 215004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu City, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu City, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, No. 99, South Third Ring Road, Changshu City, 215500, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu City, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
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Bhardwaj V, Singh A, Choudhary A, Dalavi R, Ralte L, Chawngthu RL, Senthil Kumar N, Vijay N, Chande A. HIV-1 Vpr induces ciTRAN to prevent transcriptional repression of the provirus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh9170. [PMID: 37672576 PMCID: PMC10482341 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh9170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The functional consequences of circular RNA (circRNA) expression on HIV-1 replication are largely unknown. Using a customized protocol involving direct RNA nanopore sequencing, here, we captured circRNAs from HIV-1-infected T cells and identified ciTRAN, a circRNA that modulates HIV-1 transcription. We found that HIV-1 infection induces ciTRAN expression in a Vpr-dependent manner and that ciTRAN interacts with SRSF1, a protein known to repress HIV-1 transcription. Our results suggest that HIV-1 hijacks ciTRAN to exclude serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) from the viral transcriptional complex, thereby promoting efficient viral transcription. In addition, we demonstrate that an SRSF1-inspired mimic can inhibit viral transcription regardless of ciTRAN induction. The hijacking of a host circRNA thus represents a previously unknown facet of primate lentiviruses in overcoming transmission bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Bhardwaj
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, India
| | - Aman Singh
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, India
| | - Aditi Choudhary
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, India
| | - Rishikesh Dalavi
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, India
| | | | | | | | - Nagarjun Vijay
- Computational and Evolutionary Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, India
| | - Ajit Chande
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, India
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He A, Liu Y, Zhang R, Mao Y, Liu W. CircSFMBT2-OA alleviates chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation through repressing NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17312. [PMID: 37441407 PMCID: PMC10333456 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intra-articular inflammation and cartilage degradation are the major pathological characteristics of osteoarthritis (OA). Mounting studies have revealed that circular RNAs (circRNAs) act as an important regulatory role in inflammatory diseases and are frequently dys-expressed in OA cartilage tissues. Objective Here, a dys-regulated cicrRNA (has_circ_0017636, termed circSFMBT2-OA) was identified, and its role in regulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chondrocyte injury was next investigated. Methods CHON-001 chondrocytes were treated with LPS, and then the levels of circSFMBT2-OA, cartilage-related genes, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. CHON-001 cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were assayed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. Results CircSFMBT2-OA level was significantly down-regulated in OA cartilage tissues and LPS-treated CHON-001 cells. Functionally, circSFMBT2-OA overexpression accelerated cell proliferation, and suppressed cell apoptosis, pro-inflammatory cytokines production, matrix-degrading enzymes expression, and ECM degradation in CHON-001 cells. Inversely, circSFMBT2-OA depletion decreased cell viability and increased matrix-degrading enzymes expression and ECM degradation. Mechanistically, circSFMBT2-OA inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in CHON-001 cells. Consequently, NLRP3 activator reversed the effect of circSFMBT2-OA on repressing LPS-induced CHON-001 cell injury. Conclusion These data reveal a vital effect of a novel circSFMBT2-OA on repressing OA progression and provide a promising target to treat OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wanjun Liu
- Corresponding author. Department of orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.222, West Huanhu third road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai,201306, China.
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Liu K, Ge H, Liu C, Jiang Y, Yu Y, Zhou Z. Notch-RBPJ Pathway for the Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Femoral Head Necrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076295. [PMID: 37047268 PMCID: PMC10094204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Femoral head necrosis (FHN) is a common leg disease in broilers, resulting in economic losses in the poultry industry. The occurrence of FHN is closely related to the decrease in the number of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the change in differentiation direction. This study aimed to investigate the function of differentiation of BMSCs in the development of FHN. We isolated and cultured BMSCs from spontaneous FHN-affected broilers and normal broilers, assessed the ability of BMSCs into three lineages by multiple staining methods, and found that BMSCs isolated from FHN-affected broilers demonstrated enhanced lipogenic differentiation, activated Notch-RBPJ signaling pathway, and diminished osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. The treatment of BMSCs with methylprednisolone (MP) revealed a significant decrease in the expressions of Runx2, BMP2, Col2a1 and Aggrecan, while the expressions of p-Notch1/Notch1, Notch2 and RBPJ were increased significantly. Jagged-1 (JAG-1, Notch activator)/DAPT (γ-secretase inhibitor) could promote/inhibit the osteogenic or chondrogenic ability of MP-treated BMSCs, respectively, whereas the differentiation ability of BMSCs was restored after transfection with si-RBPJ. The above results suggest that the Notch-RBPJ pathway plays important role in FHN progression by modulating the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Luo Y, Liu Y, Wang B, Tu X. CHIR99021-Treated Osteocytes with Wnt Activation in 3D-Printed Module Form an Osteogenic Microenvironment for Enhanced Osteogenesis and Vasculogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24066008. [PMID: 36983081 PMCID: PMC10052982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24066008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding a bone implant that has high bioactivity that can safely drive stem cell differentiation and simulate a real in vivo microenvironment is a challenge for bone tissue engineering. Osteocytes significantly regulate bone cell fate, and Wnt-activated osteocytes can reversely regulate bone formation by regulating bone anabolism, which may improve the biological activity of bone implants. To achieve a safe application, we used the Wnt agonist CHIR99021 (C91) to treat MLO-Y4 for 24 h, in a co-culture with ST2 for 3 days after withdrawal. We found that the expression of Runx2 and Osx increased, promoted osteogenic differentiation, and inhibited adipogenic differentiation in the ST2 cells, and these effects were eliminated by the triptonide. Therefore, we hypothesized that C91-treated osteocytes form an osteogenic microenvironment (COOME). Subsequently, we constructed a bio-instructive 3D printing system to verify the function of COOME in 3D modules that mimic the in vivo environment. Within PCI3D, COOME increased the survival and proliferation rates to as high as 92% after 7 days and promoted ST2 cell differentiation and mineralization. Simultaneously, we found that the COOME-conditioned medium also had the same effects. Therefore, COOME promotes ST2 cell osteogenic differentiation both directly and indirectly. It also promotes HUVEC migration and tube formation, which can be explained by the high expression of Vegf. Altogether, these results indicate that COOME, combined with our independently developed 3D printing system, can overcome the poor cell survival and bioactivity of orthopedic implants and provide a new method for clinical bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Luo
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yangxi Liu
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaolin Tu
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Tong Y, Zhang S, Riddle S, Song R, Yue D. Circular RNAs in the Origin of Developmental Lung Disease: Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Biomarkers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030533. [PMID: 36979468 PMCID: PMC10046088 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a newly discovered noncoding RNA that regulates gene transcription, binds to RNA-related proteins, and encodes protein microRNAs (miRNAs). The development of molecular biomarkers such as circRNAs holds great promise in the diagnosis and prognosis of clinical disorders. Importantly, circRNA-mediated maternal-fetus risk factors including environmental (high altitude), maternal (preeclampsia, smoking, and chorioamnionitis), placental, and fetal (preterm birth and low birth weight) factors are the early origins and likely to contribute to the occurrence and progression of developmental and pediatric cardiopulmonary disorders. Although studies of circRNAs in normal cardiopulmonary development and developmental diseases have just begun, some studies have revealed their expression patterns. Here, we provide an overview of circRNAs’ biogenesis and biological functions. Furthermore, this review aims to emphasize the importance of circRNAs in maternal-fetus risk factors. Likewise, the potential biomarker and therapeutic target of circRNAs in developmental and pediatric lung diseases are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Shuqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Suzette Riddle
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rui Song
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (D.Y.); Tel.: +01-909-558-4325 (R.S.); +86-24-9661551125 (D.Y.)
| | - Dongmei Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (D.Y.); Tel.: +01-909-558-4325 (R.S.); +86-24-9661551125 (D.Y.)
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Abbas AA, Abdulkader HA, Giordo R, Ashour HM, Erre GL, Pintus G, Zayed H. Implications and theragnostic potentials of circular RNAs in rheumatic diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123783. [PMID: 36822282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are highly stable and ubiquitous molecules that exhibit tissue-specific expression. Accumulating evidence has shown that aberrant expression of circRNAs can play a role in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Rheumatic diseases are a varied group of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders affecting mainly the musculoskeletal system. Notably, circRNAs, which are essential immune system gene modulators, are strongly linked to the occurrence and progression of autoimmune disorders. Here, we present and discuss the current findings concerning the roles, implications and theragnostic potentials of circRNAs in common rheumatic diseases, including ankylosing spondylitis (AS), osteoarthritis (OA), osteoporosis (OP), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Crohn's disease (CD), and gout. This review aims to provide new insights to support the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for these disabling diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Ahmed Abbas
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadil Adnan Abdulkader
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Roberta Giordo
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 505055 Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hossam M Ashour
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Gian Luca Erre
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital (AOUSS) and University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, University City Rd, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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ETV6 dependency in Ewing sarcoma by antagonism of EWS-FLI1-mediated enhancer activation. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:298-308. [PMID: 36658219 PMCID: PMC10101761 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The EWS-FLI1 fusion oncoprotein deregulates transcription to initiate the paediatric cancer Ewing sarcoma. Here we used a domain-focused CRISPR screen to implicate the transcriptional repressor ETV6 as a unique dependency in this tumour. Using biochemical assays and epigenomics, we show that ETV6 competes with EWS-FLI1 for binding to select DNA elements enriched for short GGAA repeat sequences. Upon inactivating ETV6, EWS-FLI1 overtakes and hyper-activates these cis-elements to promote mesenchymal differentiation, with SOX11 being a key downstream target. We show that squelching of ETV6 with a dominant-interfering peptide phenocopies these effects and suppresses Ewing sarcoma growth in vivo. These findings reveal targeting of ETV6 as a strategy for neutralizing the EWS-FLI1 oncoprotein by reprogramming of genomic occupancy.
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23
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CircZNF367 suppresses osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells via reducing HuR-mediated mRNA stability of LRP5. Hum Cell 2023; 36:146-162. [PMID: 36169884 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent disease characterized by bone mass loss and structural deterioration. There are evidences that altered differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hBMSCs) is a major cause for osteoporosis. Recent studies suggest that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are dysregulated in osteoporosis patients and involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. In the present study, we are aimed to analyze the circRNA expression profiles in osteoporosis patients and identify potential circRNAs that involved in the differentiation of hBMSCs during osteoporosis. Transcriptome RNA-sequencing was conducted to search for differentially expressed circRNAs. Transwell assay, ARS and ALP staining, and ectopic bone formation model were performed to evaluate osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. RNA pull-down assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, western blot, and in vitro binding assay were conducted to evaluate the interaction of circRNAs and RNA-binding protein HuR. We found that hsa_circ_0008842 (designated as circZNF367) was upregulated in osteoporosis patients and decreased in hBMSCs during osteogenic differentiation. CircZNF367 overexpression suppressed migration, invasion and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in vitro and in vivo. In comparison, knockdown of circZNF367 promoted migration, invasion and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. CircZNF367 could interact with the RNA-binding protein HuR, thus reduced the mRNA stability of LRP5. Furthermore, HuR overexpression or LRP5 restoration abrogated the effects of circZNF367 overexpression on osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Our results indicated that circZNF367 played a role in osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs via reducing HuR-mediated mRNA stability of LRP5.
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24
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Hsa_circ_0005050 interacts with ILF3 and affects cell apoptosis and proliferation by disrupting the balance between p53 and p65. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Yu K, Jiang Z, Miao X, Yu Z, Du X, Lai K, Wang Y, Yang G. circRNA422 enhanced osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells during early osseointegration through the SP7/LRP5 axis. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3226-3240. [PMID: 35642253 PMCID: PMC9552913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in biological activities, especially in regulating osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. However, no studies have reported the role of circRNAs in early osseointegration. Here we identified a new circRNA, circRNA422, from rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) cultured on sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched titanium surfaces. The results showed that circRNA422 significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs with increased expression levels of alkaline phosphatase, the SP7 transcription factor (SP7/osterix), and lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5). Silencing of circRNA422 had opposite effects. There were two SP7 binding sites on the LRP5 promoter, indicating a direct regulatory relationship between SP7 and LRP5. circRNA422 could regulate early osseointegration in in vivo experiments. These findings revealed an important function of circRNA422 during early osseointegration. Therefore, circRNA422 may be a potential therapeutic target for enhancing implant osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Miao
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xue Du
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Kaichen Lai
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Guoli Yang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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26
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Liu K, Liu X, Deng Y, Li Z, Tang A. CircRNA-mediated regulation of brown adipose tissue adipogenesis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:926024. [PMID: 35967789 PMCID: PMC9372764 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.926024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue represents a candidate target for the treatment of metabolic illnesses, such as obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), an important heat source within the body, promotes metabolic health through fat consumption. Therefore, the induction of white fat browning may improve lipid metabolism. Currently, the specific roles of circRNA in BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) remain elusive. Herein, we conducted circRNA expression profiling of mouse BAT and WAT using RNA-seq. We identified a total of 12,183 circRNAs, including 165 upregulated and 79 downregulated circRNAs between BAT and WAT. Differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs were associated with the mitochondrion, mitochondrial part, mitochondrial inner membrane, mitochondrial envelope, therefore, these circRNAs may affect the thermogenesis and lipid metabolism of BAT. Moreover, DE circRNAs were enriched in browning- and thermogenesis-related pathways, including AMPK and HIF-1 signaling. In addition, a novel circRNA, circOgdh, was found to be highly expressed in BAT, formed by back-splicing of the third and fourth exons of the Ogdh gene, and exhibited higher stability than linear Ogdh. circOgdh was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and could sponge miR-34a-5p, upregulating the expression of Atgl, a key lipolysis gene, which enhanced brown adipocyte lipolysis and suppressed lipid droplet accumulation. Our findings offer in-depth knowledge of the modulatory functions of circRNAs in BAT adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaqin Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zesong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China
| | - Aifa Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China
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27
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Chen X, Xie W, Zhang M, Shi Y, Xu S, Cheng H, Wu L, Pathak JL, Zheng Z. The Emerging Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:903278. [PMID: 35652090 PMCID: PMC9150698 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are more easily available and frequently used for bone regeneration in clinics. Osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs involves complex regulatory networks affecting bone formation phenomena. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) refer to RNAs that do not encode proteins, mainly including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, piwi-interacting RNAs, transfer RNA-derived small RNAs, etc. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies had revealed the regulatory role of ncRNAs in osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. NcRNAs had both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. During the physiological condition, osteo-stimulatory ncRNAs are upregulated and osteo-inhibitory ncRNAs are downregulated. The opposite effects might occur during bone degenerative disease conditions. Intracellular ncRNAs and ncRNAs from neighboring cells delivered via exosomes participate in the regulatory process of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the regulatory role of ncRNAs on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs during physiological and pathological conditions. We also discuss the prospects of the application of modulation of ncRNAs function in BMSCs to promote bone tissue regeneration in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Chen
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Shi
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaofen Xu
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Cheng
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Basic Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Basic Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Zheng
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Basic Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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28
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Wang J, Wang T, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Jiang X, Yang B. Roles of circular RNAs in osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:227. [PMID: 35593273 PMCID: PMC9178710 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and even myoblasts, and are therefore defined as pluripotent cells. BMSCs have become extremely important seed cells in gene therapy, tissue engineering, cell replacement therapy and regenerative medicine due to their potential in multilineage differentiation, self‑renewal, immune regulation and other fields. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non‑coding RNAs that are widely present in eukaryotic cells. Unlike standard linear RNAs, circRNAs form covalently closed continuous loops with no 5' or 3' polarity. circRNAs are abundantly expressed in cells and tissues, and are highly conserved and relatively stable during evolution. Numerous studies have shown that circRNAs play an important role in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Further studies on the role of circRNAs in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs can provide a new theoretical and experimental basis for bone tissue engineering and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Tengyun Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Fujie Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhi Guo
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
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29
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Xiao J, Joseph S, Xia M, Teng F, Chen X, Huang R, Zhai L, Deng W. Circular RNAs Acting as miRNAs’ Sponges and Their Roles in Stem Cells. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102909. [PMID: 35629034 PMCID: PMC9145679 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of endogenous RNAs, have become a subject of intensive research. It has been found that circRNAs are important players in cell differentiation and tissue homeostasis, as well as disease development. Moreover, the expression of circRNAs is usually not correlated with their parental gene expression, indicating that they are not only a steady-state by-product of mRNA splicing but a product of variable splicing under novel regulation. Sequence conservation analysis has also demonstrated that circRNAs have important non-coding functions. CircRNAs exist as a covalently closed loop form in mammalian cells, where they regulate cellular transcription and translation processes. CircRNAs are built from pre-messenger RNAs, and their biogenesis involves back-splicing, which is catalyzed by spliceosomes. The splicing reaction gives rise to three different types of intronic, exotic and exon–intron circular RNAs. Due to higher nuclease stability and longer half lives in cells, circRNAs are more stable than linear RNAs and have enormous clinical advantage for use as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for disease. In recent years, it has been reported that circRNAs in stem cells play a crucial role in stem cell function. In this article, we reviewed the general feature of circRNAs and the distinct roles of circRNAs in stem cell biology, including regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. CircRNAs have shown unique expression profiles during differentiation of stem cells and could serve as promising biomarkers of these cells. As circRNAs play pivotal roles in stem cell regulation as well as the development and progression of various diseases, we also discuss opportunities and challenges of circRNA-based treatment strategies in future effective therapies for promising clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; (J.X.); (S.J.); (M.X.); (F.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Shija Joseph
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; (J.X.); (S.J.); (M.X.); (F.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Mengwei Xia
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; (J.X.); (S.J.); (M.X.); (F.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Feng Teng
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; (J.X.); (S.J.); (M.X.); (F.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; (J.X.); (S.J.); (M.X.); (F.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Rufeng Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; (J.X.); (S.J.); (M.X.); (F.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Lihong Zhai
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; (J.X.); (S.J.); (M.X.); (F.T.); (X.C.); (R.H.)
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (W.D.)
| | - Wenbin Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 510060, China
- Jiangxi Deshang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhangshu 336000, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (W.D.)
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30
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Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of noncoding RNAs that widely exist in eukaryotes. As a new focus in the field of molecular regulation, circRNAs have attracted much attention in recent years. Previous studies have confirmed that circRNAs are associated with many physiological and pathological processes. CircRNAs also participate in the regulation of stem cells. Stem cells have the properties of self-renewal and differentiation, which make stem cell therapy popular. CircRNAs may serve as new targets in stem cell therapy due to their regulation in stem cells. However, the underlying relationships between circRNAs and stem cells are still being explored. In this review, we briefly summarize the effects of circRNAs on stem cells, in the context of biological activities, aging and apoptosis, and aberrant changes. Moreover, we also examine the biological roles of stem cell-derived exosomal circRNAs. We believe our review will provide insights into the effects of circRNAs on stem cells.
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31
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Gu Q, Hou W, Shi L, Zhu Z, Liu H, He X. CircMCTP2 (has-circ-0000658) facilitates the proliferation and metastasis of bladder carcinoma through modulating the miR-498/murine double minute-2 axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10734-10748. [PMID: 35475453 PMCID: PMC9208511 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2054161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CircMCTP2 is a novel circRNA, which is associated with various kinds of malignant tumors progression, such as gastric cancer. However, the function of circMCTP2 in bladder carcinoma (BC) has no idea. The purpose of this study was tantamount to functionally dissect circMCTP2 in the progression of BC. In our study, circMCTP2 expression was strongly increased in BC tissues and cell lines. High expression of circMCTP2 predicted a poor prognosis of BC patients. CircMCTP2 deficiency impaired the cell growth, migration as well as invasive ability of BC cell lines (J82 and T24). In vivo, circMCTP2 deficiency cut the tumor growth rates and the tumor weight. In BC cells, circMCTP2 deficiency enhanced the translation of E-cadherin, while diminishing the translation of N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail. Moreover, circMCTP2 acted as a sponge of miR-498 to regulate murine double minute-2 (MDM2) expression. In BC tissues, a negative correlation was observed between the expression levels of circMCTP2 and miR-498. Additionally, either miR-498 silencing or MDM2 over-expression augmented the carcinogenic action of circMCTP2 on BC. In conclusion, our study showed that circMCTP2 regulates the expression of MDM2 by sponging miR-498 to promote the development of BC. These findings offer a new strategy for early diagnosis of BC and its therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Gu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Hou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University (Medical Center of Soochow University), Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Shi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zonghao Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhou He
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, P.R. China
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32
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Han Z, Chen H, Guo Z, Shen J, Luo W, Xie F, Wan Y, Wang S, Li J, He J. Circular RNAs and Their Role in Exosomes. Front Oncol 2022; 12:848341. [PMID: 35574355 PMCID: PMC9096127 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.848341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a novel class of endogenous non-coding RNAs discovered in recent years, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly conserved and stable covalently closed ring structures with no 5'-end cap or 3'-end poly(A) tail. CircRNAs are formed by reverse splicing, mainly by means of a noose structure or intron complementary pairing. Exosomes are tiny discoid vesicles with a diameter of 40-100 nm that are secreted by cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Exosomes play an important role in cell-cell communication by carrying DNA, microRNAs, mRNAs, proteins and circRNAs. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of circRNAs and exosomes, and further reveal the potential roles of exosomal circRNAs in different diseases, providing a scientific basis for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of a wide variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeping Han
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huafang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Leizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Leizhou, China
| | - Zhonghui Guo
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Luo
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangmei Xie
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengbo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua He
- Central Laboratory, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang J, Cai B, Ma M, Kong S, Zhou Z, Zhang X, Nie Q. LncRNA SMARCD3-OT1 Promotes Muscle Hypertrophy and Fast-Twitch Fiber Transformation via Enhancing SMARCD3X4 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094510. [PMID: 35562902 PMCID: PMC9105468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays a crucial part in all kinds of life activities, especially in myogenesis. SMARCD3 (SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily d, member 3) is a member of the SWI/SNF protein complex and was reported to be required for cell proliferation and myoblast differentiation. In this study, we identified a new lncRNA named SMARCD3-OT1 (SMARCD3overlappinglncRNA), which strongly regulated the development of myogenesis by improving the expression of SMARCD3X4 (SMARCD3transcripts4). We overexpressed and knockdown the expression of SMARCD3-OT1 and SMARCD3X4 to investigate their function on myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Cell experiments proved that SMARCD3-OT1 and SMARCD3X4 promoted myoblast proliferation through the CDKN1A pathway and improved differentiation of differentiated myoblasts through the MYOD pathway. Moreover, they upregulated the fast-twitch fiber-related genes and downregulated the slow-twitch fiber-related genes, which indicated that they facilitated the slow-twitch fiber to transform into the fast-twitch fiber. The animals’ experiments supported the results above, demonstrating that SMARCD3-OT1 could induce muscle hypertrophy and fast-twitch fiber transformation. In conclusion, SMARCD3-OT1 can improve the expression of SMARCD3X4, thus inducing muscle hypertrophy. In addition, SMARCD3-OT1 can facilitate slow-twitch fibers to transform into fast-twitch fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (B.C.); (M.M.); (S.K.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bolin Cai
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (B.C.); (M.M.); (S.K.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Manting Ma
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (B.C.); (M.M.); (S.K.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaofen Kong
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (B.C.); (M.M.); (S.K.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (B.C.); (M.M.); (S.K.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (B.C.); (M.M.); (S.K.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.Z.); (B.C.); (M.M.); (S.K.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence:
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Ou R, Lu S, Wang L, Wang Y, Lv M, Li T, Xu Y, Lu J, Ge RS. Circular RNA circLMO1 Suppresses Cervical Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Triggering miR-4291/ACSL4-Mediated Ferroptosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:858598. [PMID: 35321435 PMCID: PMC8936435 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.858598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A number of studies have demonstrated that circular RNA (circRNA) plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, the biological effects of most circRNAs on cervical cancer remain unclear. Hsa_circ_0021087 (thereafter named circLMO1) is a circRNA generated from the circularization of exon 2 and exon 3 of LIM Domain Only 1 (LMO1) and first identified as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer. We aimed to identify the role of circLMO1 in cervical cancer progression. Methods CircLMO1 was verified through qPCR and Sanger sequencing. The biological role of circLMO1 in regulating cervical cancer growth and metastasis was investigated both in vitro and in the nude mouse xenograft tumor model. The dual luciferase reporter assay and rescue experiment were conducted to evaluate the interactions among circLMO1, microRNA (miR)-4291, and acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4). The role of circLMO1 in regulating ferroptosis was assessed by analyzing lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malonyl dialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) content. Results The level of circLMO1 was down-regulated in cervical cancer tissues and was associated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging. Functionally, circLMO1 overexpression inhibited cervical cancer growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo, whereas circLMO1 depletion promoted cervical cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Mechanistically, circLMO1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR-4192 to repress target gene ACSL4. CircLMO1 promoted cervical cancer cell ferroptosis through up-regulating ACSL4 expression. Overexpression of miR-4291 or knockdown of ACSL4 reversed the effect of circLMO1 on facilitating ferroptosis and repressing cervical cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Conclusion CircLMO1 acted as a tumor suppressor of cervical cancer by regulating miR-4291/ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis, and could be a promising biomarker for the clinical management of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongying Ou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Rongying Ou, ; Jieqiang Lu, ; Ren-shan Ge,
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Luhui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yebo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingfen Lv
- Department of Dermatovenerology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Dermatovenerology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jieqiang Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Rongying Ou, ; Jieqiang Lu, ; Ren-shan Ge,
| | - Ren-shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Rongying Ou, ; Jieqiang Lu, ; Ren-shan Ge,
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Kristensen LS, Jakobsen T, Hager H, Kjems J. The emerging roles of circRNAs in cancer and oncology. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:188-206. [PMID: 34912049 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 238.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as a large class of primarily non-coding RNA molecules, many of which have key roles in cancer development and progression through diverse mechanisms of action. CircRNAs often have tissue-restricted and cancer-specific expression patterns, and accumulating data suggest that these molecules are of potential clinical relevance and utility. In particular, circRNAs have strong potential as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers, which is underscored by their detectability in liquid biopsy samples such as in plasma, saliva and urine. However, technical issues in the detection and assessment of circRNAs as well as biological knowledge gaps need to be addressed to move this relatively young field of research forward and bring circRNAs to the forefront of clinical practice. Herein, we review the current knowledge regarding circRNA biogenesis, regulation and functions in cancer as well as their clinical potential as biomarkers, therapeutic agents and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henrik Hager
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.,Danish Colorectal Cancer Center South, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (MBG), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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He W, Shi X, Guo Z, Wang H, Kang M, Lv Z. Circ_0019693 promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell and enhances osteogenesis-coupled angiogenesis via regulating microRNA-942-5p-targeted purkinje cell protein 4 in the development of osteoporosis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:2181-2193. [PMID: 35030971 PMCID: PMC8973649 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2023982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a crucial regulator in multiple human diseases, including osteoporosis (OP). However, the function of numerous circRNAs remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of circ_0019693 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenic differentiation and osteogenesis-coupled angiogenesis. The expression of circ_0019693, miR-942-5p and purkinje cell protein 4 (PCP4) was measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) or Western blot. Osteogenic differentiation was monitored according to the protein levels of RUNX family transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN) by Western blot analysis, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Angiogenesis was evaluated by tube formation assay. The targeting relationship between miR-942-5p and circ_0019693 or PCP4 was identified using pull-down, dual-luciferase reporter, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Circ_0019693 was downregulated in serum samples and bone tissues from OP patients relative to normal subjects. Circ_0019693 expression was enhanced in the stages of BMSC osteogenic differentiation. Circ_0019693 overexpression enhanced the activity of ALP and the expression of RUNX2, OPN and OCN, and its overexpression also promoted angiogenesis. However, circ_0019693 knockdown played the opposite effects. MiR-942-5p was ensured to be a target of circ_0019693, and miR-942-5p enrichment reversed the effects of circ_0019693. In addition, PCP4 was a target of miR-942-5p, and miR-942-5p inhibitor-promoted BMSC osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis were partly repressed by PCP4 knockdown. In conclusion, circ_0019693 promotes BMSC osteogenic differentiation osteogenesis-coupled angiogenesis via regulating miR-942-5p-targeted PCP4, thus blocking the development of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhenye Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Mingming Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhi Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
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37
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Gao M, Zhang Z, Sun J, Li B, Li Y. The roles of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks in the development and treatment of osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:945310. [PMID: 35992137 PMCID: PMC9388761 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.945310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic disease, mainly characterized by reduced bone mineral density and destruction of bone tissue microstructure. However, the molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis need further investigation and exploration. Increasing studies have reported that circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of RNA molecule, play crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes and bone-related diseases. Based on an in-depth understanding of their roles in bone development, we summarized the multiple regulatory roles and underlying mechanisms of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks in the treatment of osteoporosis, associated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Deeper insights into the vital roles of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks can provide new directions and insights for developing novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqi Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Deqing People’s Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Zhongkai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiabin Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Deqing People’s Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Li, ; Bo Li,
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Li, ; Bo Li,
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38
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Ping J, Li L, Dong Y, Wu X, Huang X, Sun B, Zeng B, Xu F, Liang W. The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs and Circular RNAs in Bone Regeneration: Modulating MiRNAs Function. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 16:227-243. [PMID: 34958714 DOI: 10.1002/term.3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although bone is a self-healing organ and is able to repair and restore most fractures, large bone fractures, about 10%, are not repairable. Bone grafting, as a gold standard, and bone tissue engineering using biomaterials, growth factors, and stem cells have been developed to restore large bone defects. Since bone regeneration is a complex and multiple-step process and the majority of the human genome, about 98%, is composed of the non-protein-coding regions, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play essential roles in bone regeneration. Recent studies demonstrated that long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), as members of ncRNAs, are widely involved in bone regeneration by interaction with microRNAs (miRNAs) and constructing a lncRNA or circRNA/miRNA/mRNA regulatory network. The constructed network regulates the differentiation of stem cells into osteoblasts and their commitment to osteogenesis. This review will present the structure and biogenesis of lncRNAs and circRNAs, the mechanism of bone repair, and the bone tissue engineering in bone defects. Finally, we will discuss the role of lncRNAs and circRNAs in osteogenesis and bone fracture healing through constructing various lncRNA or circRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks and the involved pathways. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Ping
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Laifeng Li
- Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, Affiliated Jinan Third Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jinan, 250132, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yongqiang Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinchang People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312500, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaogang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fangming Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
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A regulatory role of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in osteoblast differentiation. Biochimie 2021; 193:137-147. [PMID: 34742858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation is an important process in skeletal development and bone remodelling. Serious bone diseases occur from any delay, defect, or imbalance in osteoblastic differentiation. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a regulatory role in controlling the expression of proteins under physiological and pathological conditions via inhibiting mRNA translation or degrading mRNA. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are the long and small ncRNAs, respectively, which have been reported to regulate the expression of osteoblast marker genes directly or indirectly. Also, recent studies identified the regulatory mechanisms involving the crosstalk among circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs during osteoblast differentiation. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms behind osteoblastic differentiation would help to diagnose or treat bone and bone-related disorders. Hence, the current review comprehensively discussed the regulatory relationship of circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs, and their functional role as circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in osteoblast differentiation.
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40
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Huang X, Pan X, Zhang B, Huang W, Cen X, Liu J, Zhao Z. CircRFWD2 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of human Dental Pulp Stem Cells by Targeting miR-6817-5p Through BMP-Smad and p38 MAPK Pathway. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211052959. [PMID: 34693745 PMCID: PMC8549467 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211052959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are one promising cell source of mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue engineering. However, it remains unknown that the molecules and signaling pathways involved in osteogenesis of DPSCs. Hence, this study investigated the functional roles and underlying mechanisms of circRFWD2 during osteogenesis of DPSCs. Knockdown of circRFWD2 suppressed osteogenesis of DPSCs significantly. Mechanistically, circRFWD2 could crosstalk with miR-6817-5p, which was an inhibitor of DPSCs osteogenesis. MiR-6817-5p functioned as a sponge of BMPR2, which regulated the phosphorylation of Smad5 and p38 to impact osteogenesis activity of DPSCs. Collectively, circRFWD2/miR-6817-5p/BMPR2 axis could regulate DPSCs osteogenesis via BMP-Smad and p38 MAPK pathway, which are novel mechanisms in the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs and suggest potential therapeutic methods for bone defects regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuefeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Temporomandibular joint, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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41
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Li Z, Xue H, Tan G, Xu Z. Effects of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs on osteoporosis as regulatory factors of bone homeostasis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:788. [PMID: 34505632 PMCID: PMC8441966 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disorder typically characterized by decreased bone mass and an increased risk of fracture. At present, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying the development of osteoporosis remains to be elucidated. Accumulating evidence shows that non-coding (nc)RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play significant roles in osteoporosis through the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression as regulatory factors. Previous studies have demonstrated that ncRNAs participate in maintaining bone homeostasis by regulating physiological and developmental processes in osteoblasts, osteoclasts and bone marrow stromal cells. In the present review, the latest research investigating the involvement of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in regulating the differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of cells that maintain the bone microenvironment in osteoporosis is summarized. Deeper insight into the aspects of osteoporosis pathogenesis involving the deregulation of ncRNAs could facilitate the development of therapeutic approaches for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Li
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250011, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250011, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250011, P.R. China
| | - Zhanwang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250011, P.R. China
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Zhang Z, Zhou H, Sun F, Han J, Han Y. Circ_FBLN1 promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by regulating let-7i-5p/FZD4 axis and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2021; 53:561-572. [PMID: 34424449 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-021-09917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, more and more circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified in osteogenesis. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of circ_FBLN1 on the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). METHODS The protein levels of osteogenesis-related genes, let-7i-5p, frizzled class receptor 4 (FZD4), Ki67, Wnt6 and β-catenin were measured by western blot assay. The levels of circ_FBLN1, FBLN1 mRNA and FZD4 mRNA were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. The feature of circ_FBLN1 was investigated by RNase R and Actinomycin D assays. Cell proliferation ability was evaluated by colony formation assay and 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The targeting relationship between let-7i-5p and circ_FBLN1 or FZD4 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Circ_FBLN1 level was enhanced during the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Silencing of circ_FBLN1 repressed cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in hBMSCs. For mechanism analysis, circ_FBLN1 was found to act as a sponge for let-7i-5p and FZD4 served as a direct target gene of let-7i-5p. Let-7i-5p was downregulated during the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and let-7i-5p inhibition restored the effects of circ_FBLN1 knockdown on the proliferation and osteogenesis of hBMSCs. Moreover, let-7i-5p overexpression suppressed cell proliferation and osteogenesis in hBMSCs through targeting FZD4. In addition, circ_FBLN1 knockdown reduced the levels of Wnt6 and β-catenin in hBMSCs, indicating the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CONCLUSION Knockdown of circ_FBLN1 inhibited the proliferation and osteogenesis of hBMSCs by regulating let-7i-5p/FZD4 axis and repressing Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhang
- Department of Spine, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huachao Zhou
- Department of the Orthopaedic Trauma, Zaozhuang Mining Group Zaozhuang Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of the Orthopaedic Trauma, Zaozhuang Mining Group Zaozhuang Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Jianjian Han
- Department of the Orthopaedic Trauma, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yongyuan Han
- Department of Orthopedics, No.4 Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.202 Xuezhuang Community, Zhongxin Street, Zaozhuang, 277101, Shandong, China.
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43
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Liu Z, Liu Q, Chen S, Su H, Jiang T. Circular RNA Circ_0005564 promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells in osteoporosis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4911-4923. [PMID: 34374320 PMCID: PMC8806437 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1959865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (CircRNA) plays a potential role in bone formation. We aimed to study the circRNAs expression profiles and their functions in osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Firstly, we established osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs displaying increased mRNA expression of osteogenic differentiation marker (RUNX2, OPN, and OCN), increased ALP activity and protein expression, and increased mineralized nodules formation, as well as morphological alteration. Then, we employed high-throughput sequencing to analyze circRNA expression and found that 3440 and 3893 circRNAs in non-induced and induced groups, respectively. We further validated the 10 differentially expressed circRNAs with the most significant difference between induced and non-induced groups. Among these ten circRNAs, five of them with more than one miRNA binding site were used to construct a ceRNA network exhibiting 81 miRNAs and 182 target mRNAs. Furthermore, among these five circRNAs, we found only circ_0005564 significantly reduced the mRNA expression of RUNX2, OPN, and OCN. The circularity of circ_0005564 was verified. Our results showed that knockdown of circ_0005564 inhibited osteoblast differentiation in BMSCs. Taken together, our study demonstrates that circ_0005564 is a potential positive regulator of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiyu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanchuang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haitao Su
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Lin Z, Tang X, Wan J, Zhang X, Liu C, Liu T. Functions and mechanisms of circular RNAs in regulating stem cell differentiation. RNA Biol 2021; 18:2136-2149. [PMID: 33896374 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1913551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are a class of undifferentiated cells with great self-renewal and differentiation capabilities that can differentiate into mature cells in specific tissue types. Stem cell differentiation plays critical roles in body homoeostasis, injury repair and tissue generation. The important functions of stem cell differentiation have resulted in numerous studies focusing on the complex molecular mechanisms and various signalling pathways controlling stem cell differentiation. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of noncoding RNAs with a covalently closed structure present in eukaryotes. Numerous studies have highlighted important biological functions of circRNAs, and they play multiple regulatory roles in various physiological and pathological processes. Importantly, multiple lines of evidence have shown the abnormal expression of numerous circRNAs during stem cell differentiation, and some play a role in regulating stem cell differentiation, highlighting the role of circRNAs as novel biomarkers of stem cell differentiation and novel targets for stem cell-based therapy. In this review, we systematically summarize and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the roles and underlying mechanisms of circRNAs in modulating stem cell differentiation, thus providing guidance for future studies to investigate stem cell differentiation and stem cell-based therapy.Abbreviations: CircRNAs: circular RNAs; ESCs: embryonic stem cells; ADSCs: adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; ecircRNAs: exonic circRNAs; EIciRNAs: exon-intron circRNAs; eiRNAs: circular intronic RNAs; tricRNAs: tRNA intronic circRNAs; pol II: polymerase II; snRNP: small nuclear ribonucleoprotein; m6A: N6-methyladenosine; AGO2: Argonaute 2; RBPs: RNA-binding proteins; MBNL: muscleblind-like protein 1; MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells; hiPSCs: human induced pluripotent stem cells; hiPSC-CMs: hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes; hBMSCs: human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; hADSCs: human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; hDPSCs: human dental pulp stem cells; RNA-seq: high-throughput RNA sequencing; HSCs: haematopoietic stem cells; NSCs: neural stem cells; EpSCs: epidermal stem cells; hESCs: human embryonic stem cells; mESCs: murine embryonic stem cells; MNs: motor neurons; SSUP: small subunit processome; BMSCs: bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; OGN: osteoglycin; GIOP: glucocorticoid‑induced osteoporosis; CDR1as: cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 transcript; SONFH: steroid-induced osteogenesis of the femoral head; rBMSCs: rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; QUE: quercetin; AcvR1b: activin A receptor type 1B; BSP: bone sialoprotein; mADSCs: mouse ADSCs; PTBP1: polypyrimidine tract-binding protein; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; hUCMSCs: MSCs derived from human umbilical cord; MSMSCs: maxillary sinus membrane stem cells; SCAPs: stem cells from the apical papilla; MyoD: myogenic differentiation protein 1; MSTN: myostatin; MEF2C: myocyte enhancer factor 2C; BCLAF1: BCL2-associated transcription factor 1; EpSCs: epidermal stem cells; ISCs: intestinal stem cells; NSCs: neural stem cells; Lgr5+ ISCs: crypt base columnar cells; ILCs: innate lymphoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xianzhe Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chenzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Hao Y, Lu C, Zhang B, Xu Z, Guo H, Zhang G. CircPVT1 up-regulation attenuates steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head through regulating miR-21-5p-mediated Smad7/TGFβ signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4608-4622. [PMID: 33733589 PMCID: PMC8107079 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SIONFH) has been a common disease following corticosteroid therapy. Presently, we aim to explore the functions of circular RNA (circ) PVT1 in SIONFH rats and the underlying mechanism. Glucocorticoid (GC) was used to treat SD rats and bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to construct SIONFH model in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The pathological injury of the femoral head in the SIONFH rats was detected via haematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The osteogenic differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of BMSCs were detected. Western blot was used to detect Smad7, Bax, Bcl2 and Smad2/3. The potential targets of circPVT1 and miR‐21‐5p were validated through luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA pull‐down assay, respectively. We found that CircPVT1 was decreased in the femoral head of SIONFH rats and GC‐treated BMSCs, while miR‐21‐5p was markedly up‐regulated. Overexpressed circPVT1 attenuated the apoptosis and cell viability inhibition of BMSCs induced by GC, while miR‐21‐5p up‐regulation had the opposite effects. What's more, the in vivo experiments confirmed that up‐regulating circPVT1 repressed osteonecrosis in SIONFH rats through repressing apoptosis. Mechanistically, circPVT1 functioned as a ceRNA of miR‐21‐5p, which targeted at the 3'untranslated region of Smad7. CircPVT1 enhancing Smad7 and mitigating GC activated TGFβ/Smad2/3 pathway through inhibiting miR‐21‐5p. In conclusion, CircPVT1 exerts protective effects against SIONFH via modulating miR‐21‐5p‐mediated Smad7/TGFβ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangquan Hao
- Department of Osteonecrosis and Joint Reconstruction, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Osteonecrosis and Joint Reconstruction, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Baogang Zhang
- Department of Osteonecrosis and Joint Reconstruction, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaochen Xu
- Department of Osteonecrosis and Joint Reconstruction, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Osteonecrosis and Joint Reconstruction, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Gaokui Zhang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
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46
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Ahmad P, Stoddart MJ, Della Bella E. The Role of Noncoding RNAs in Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. CRANIOMAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA & RECONSTRUCTION OPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/2472751221999229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis, are the most common causes of bone tissue destruction. Periodontitis often leads to loss of connective tissue homeostasis and reduced alveolar bone levels. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), a population of multipotent stem cells derived from periodontal ligament tissues, are considered as candidate cells for the regeneration of alveolar bone and periodontal tissues. Periodontitis impairs the osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA), have been proposed as vital regulators influencing several differentiation processes including bone regeneration. Still, the molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs regulating osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs remain poorly understood. Exploring the influence of ncRNAs in the process of osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs may provide novel therapeutic strategies for tissue regeneration as the regeneration of the lost periodontium is the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Ahmad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Martin J. Stoddart
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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47
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Yang J, Liu X, Dai G, Qu L, Tan B, Zhu B, Qi F, Gai X, Cheng B. CircNT5E promotes the proliferation and migration of bladder cancer via sponging miR-502-5p. J Cancer 2021; 12:2430-2439. [PMID: 33758619 PMCID: PMC7974885 DOI: 10.7150/jca.53385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggest that circRNA RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in tumor formation and development. circNT5E has been shown to be an oncogenic gene in several types of cancer, and the high expression of circNT5E lead to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the precise role of circNT5E in bladder cancer (Bca) has not been characterized. In this study, we observed that circNT5E expression was augmented in Bca tissues compared with that in adjacent normal tissues, and its expression level was positively associated with larger tumor size and lower survival rate. Further experiments showed that suppression of circNT5E restrained the growth and metastasis of Bca cells in vitro. circNT5E was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and it captured miR-502-5p to increase HOXC8 mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, decreased miR-502-5p obviously reversed the circNT5E silencing-mediated inhibition of Bca cell growth and migration. Thus, this study suggested that circNT5E may act as a pro-oncogene in the development and progression of Bca and it may become a useful tumor biomarker and promising therapeutic target for Bca treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Yang
- Urology and Andrology Department, Shengli OilFiled Central Hospital, Dongying, 257034, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Urology and Andrology Department, Shengli OilFiled Central Hospital, Dongying, 257034, Shandong, China
| | - Guangcheng Dai
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China
| | - Lanying Qu
- Urology and Andrology Department, Shengli OilFiled Central Hospital, Dongying, 257034, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Urology and Andrology Department, Shengli OilFiled Central Hospital, Dongying, 257034, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Urology and Andrology Department, Shengli OilFiled Central Hospital, Dongying, 257034, Shandong, China
| | - Fuming Qi
- Urology and Andrology Department, Shengli OilFiled Central Hospital, Dongying, 257034, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyu Gai
- Urology and Andrology Department, Shengli OilFiled Central Hospital, Dongying, 257034, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Urology and Andrology Department, Shengli OilFiled Central Hospital, Dongying, 257034, Shandong, China
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48
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Zhou J, Qiu C, Fan Z, Liu T, Liu T. Circular RNAs in stem cell differentiation: a sponge-like role for miRNAs. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2438-2448. [PMID: 33967622 PMCID: PMC8100645 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.56457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel endogenous non-coding RNAs that play a critical role during cellular signal transduction, gene transcription and translation. With the rapid advancement of bioinformatics analysis tools and high-throughput RNA sequencing, numerous circRNAs with important biological features have been identified. They function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) of microRNAs and as such exhibit the potential to act as biomarkers for stem cell differentiation. In the recent past, several studies have shown the involvement of circRNAs in stem cells differentiation. The present review summarizes the molecular characteristics, biogenesis and mechanisms of newly identified circRNAs in the differentiation of stem cells. In conclusion, circRNAs regulate the stem cells differentiation via their ambient binding efficacy to modulate miRNA expression, as well as related gene translation. We believe that this review will provide reference guidance for future studies on stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Fan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China
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Shao T, Pan YH, Xiong XD. Circular RNA: an important player with multiple facets to regulate its parental gene expression. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 23:369-376. [PMID: 33425494 PMCID: PMC7779830 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of endogenous RNAs with covalently closed-loop structures, have become a new research hotspot in the RNA world. Their diversity, stability, evolutionary conservation, and cell type- or tissue-specific expression patterns endow circRNAs with various important biological functions. As a consequence, circRNAs are emerging as important regulators of physiological development and disease pathogenesis. Growing evidence has shown that circRNAs can regulate parental gene expression through diverse mechanisms, such as transcription and splicing regulation, microRNA (miRNA) sponges, mRNA traps, translational modulation, and post-translational modification. The study of circRNAs and how circRNAs regulate the expression of parental genes will facilitate a deeper understanding of their biological functions and provide new perspectives on their clinical application. Herein, we review the biogenesis of circRNAs, with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms of circRNAs regulating their parental gene expression and the biological significance of such regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Shao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China.,Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China.,Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Dong Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China.,Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, P.R. China
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