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Liu X, Ou X, Zhang T, Li X, Qiao Q, Jia L, Xu Z, Zhang F, Tian T, Lan H, Yang C, Kong L, Zhang Z. In situ neutrophil apoptosis and macrophage efferocytosis mediated by Glycyrrhiza protein nanoparticles for acute inflammation therapy. J Control Release 2024; 369:215-230. [PMID: 38508529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
In the progression of acute inflammation, the activation and recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils are mutually reinforcing, leading to amplified inflammatory response and severe tissue damage. Therefore, to regulate the axis of neutrophils and macrophages is essential to avoid tissue damage induced from acute inflammatory. Apoptotic neutrophils can regulate the anti-inflammatory activity of macrophages through the efferocytosis. The strategy of in situ targeting and inducing neutrophil apoptosis has the potential to modulate macrophage activity and transfer anti-inflammatory drugs. Herein, a natural glycyrrhiza protein nanoparticle loaded with dexamethasone (Dex@GNPs) was constructed, which could simultaneously regulate neutrophil and macrophage function during acute inflammation treatment by combining in situ neutrophil apoptosis and macrophage efferocytosis. Dex@GNPs can be rapidly and selectively internalized by neutrophils and subsequently induce neutrophils apoptosis through a ROS-dependent mechanism. The efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils not only promoted the polarization of macrophages into anti-inflammatory state, but also facilitated the transfer of Dex@GNPs to macrophages. This enabled dexamethasone to further modulate macrophage function. In mouse models of acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis, Dex@GNPs significantly ameliorated the disordered immune microenvironment and alleviated tissue injury. This study presents a novel strategy for drug delivery and inflammation regulation to effectively treat acute inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiangjun Ou
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi Qiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liyuan Jia
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhangxi Xu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fangming Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tianyi Tian
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hongbing Lan
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Conglian Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Li Kong
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Engineering Research Centre for Novel Drug Delivery System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Zhang Z, Jin L, Liu L, Zhou M, Zhang X, Zhang L. The intricate relationship between autoimmunity disease and neutrophils death patterns: a love-hate story. Apoptosis 2023; 28:1259-1284. [PMID: 37486407 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are pathological conditions that result from the misidentification of self-antigens in immune system, leading to host tissue damage and destruction. These diseases can affect different organs and systems, including the blood, joints, skin, and muscles. Despite the significant progress made in comprehending the underlying pathogenesis, the complete mechanism of autoimmune disease is still not entirely understood. In autoimmune diseases, the innate immunocytes are not functioning properly: they are either abnormally activated or physically disabled. As a vital member of innate immunocyte, neutrophils and their modes of death are influenced by the microenvironment of different autoimmune diseases due to their short lifespan and diverse death modes. Related to neutrophil death pathways, apoptosis is the most frequent cell death form of neutrophil non-lytic morphology, delayed or aberrant apoptosis may contribute to the development anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). In addition, NETosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis which are parts of lytic morphology exacerbate disease progression through various mechanisms in autoimmune diseases. This review aims to summarize recent advancements in understanding neutrophil death modes in various autoimmune diseases and provide insights into the development of novel therapeutic approaches for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anti-Inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anti-Inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lianghu Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anti-Inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Mengqi Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Anti-Inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xianzheng Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
- Anti-Inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
- Anti-Inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
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Balazs I, Horvath A, Heschl B, Khalil M, Enzinger C, Stadlbauer V, Seifert-Held T. Anti-CD20 treatment and neutrophil function in central nervous system demyelinating diseases. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 381:578136. [PMID: 37364519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A contribution of neutrophil granulocytes to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is recognized. Anti-CD20 treatments applied in these diseases are associated with infectious complications and neutropenia. No data is available about functional characteristics of neutrophils obtained from patients with anti-CD20 treatments. METHODS In neutrophils isolated from 13 patients with anti-CD20 treatment (9 MS, 4 NMOSD), 11 patients without anti-CD20 treatment (9 MS, 2 NMOSD) and 5 healthy controls, we analyzed chemotaxis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phagocytosis, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) in vitro. RESULTS Chemotaxis and ROS production were found unchanged between patients with and without anti-CD20 treatment or between patients and healthy controls. We found a higher proportion of non-phagocytosing cells in patients without anti-CD20 treatment compared to patients with anti-CD20 treatment and healthy controls. As compared to healthy controls, a higher proportion of neutrophils from patients without anti-CD20 treatments underwent NET formation, either unstimulated or stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 3-acetate for 3 h. In about half of patients with anti-CD20 treatment (n = 7), NET formation of unstimulated neutrophils occurred already within 20 min of incubation. This was not observed in patients without anti-CD20 treatment and healthy controls. CONCLUSION Anti-CD20 treatment in MS and NMOSD patients does not alter chemotaxis and ROS production of neutrophils in vitro but might restore their impaired phagocytosis in these diseases. Our study reveals a predisposition to early NET formation in vitro of neutrophils obtained from patients with anti-CD20 treatment. This may contribute to associated risks of neutropenia and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Balazs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Stiftingtalstrasse 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Angela Horvath
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Stiftingtalstrasse 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bettina Heschl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Khalil
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Enzinger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Vanessa Stadlbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Stiftingtalstrasse 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Seifert-Held
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria; Department of Neurology, Hospital Murtal, Gaaler Strasse 10, 8720 Knittelfeld, Austria.
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Shen S, Shao Y, Li C. Different types of cell death and their shift in shaping disease. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:284. [PMID: 37542066 PMCID: PMC10403589 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is the irreversible stop of life. It is also the basic physiological process of all organisms which involved in the embryonic development, organ maintenance and autoimmunity of the body. In recent years, we have gained more comprehension of the mechanism in cell death and have basically clarified the different types of "programmed cell death", such as apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis, and identified some key genes in these processes. However, in these previous studies, the conversion between different cell death modes and their application in diseases are rarely explored. To sum up, although many valued discoveries have been discovered in the field of cell death in recent years, there are still many unknown problems to be solved in this field. Facts have proved that cell death is a very complex game, and a series of core players have the ability to destroy the delicate balance of the cell environment, from survival to death, from anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory. With the thorough research of the complex regulatory mechanism of cell death, there will certainly be exciting new research in this field in the next few years. The sake of this paper is to emphasize the complex mechanism of overturning the balance between different cell fates and provide relevant theoretical basis for the connection between cell death transformation and disease treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikou Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Yina Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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Release of immunomodulatory peptides at bacterial membrane interfaces as a novel strategy to fight microorganisms. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103056. [PMID: 36822328 PMCID: PMC10074799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic and amphiphilic peptides can be used as homing devices to accumulate conjugated antibiotics to bacteria-enriched sites and promote efficient microbial killing. However, just as important as tackling bacterial infections, is the modulation of the immune response in this complex microenvironment. In the present report, we designed a peptide chimaera called Chim2, formed by a membrane-active module, an enzyme hydrolysis site, and a formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) agonist. This molecule was designed to adsorb onto bacterial membranes, promote their lysis, and upon hydrolysis by local enzymes, release the FPR2 agonist sequence for activation and recruitment of immune cells. We synthesized the isolated peptide modules of Chim2 and characterized their biological activities independently and as a single polypeptide chain. We conducted antimicrobial assays, along with other tests aiming at the analyses of the cellular and immunological responses. In addition, assays using vesicles as models of eukaryotic and prokaryotic membranes were conducted, and solution structures of Chim2 were generated by 1H NMR. Chim2 is antimicrobial, adsorbs preferentially to negatively charged vesicles while adopting an α-helix structure, and exposes its disorganized tail to the solvent, which facilitates hydrolysis by tryptase-like enzymes, allowing the release of the FPR2 agonist fragment. This fragment was shown to induce accumulation of the cellular activation marker, lipid bodies, in mouse macrophages and the release of immunomodulatory interleukins. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that peptides with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities can be considered for further development as drugs.
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Loh W, Vermeren S. Anti-Inflammatory Neutrophil Functions in the Resolution of Inflammation and Tissue Repair. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244076. [PMID: 36552840 PMCID: PMC9776979 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are highly abundant circulating leukocytes that are amongst the first cells to be recruited to sites of infection or sterile injury. Their ability to generate and release powerful cytotoxic products ties with their role in host defence from bacterial and fungal infections. Neutrophilic inflammation is tightly regulated to limit the amount of 'bystander injury' caused. Neutrophils were in the past regarded as short-lived, indiscriminate killers of invading microorganisms. However, this view has changed quite dramatically in recent years. Amongst other insights, neutrophils are now recognised to also have important anti-inflammatory functions that are critical for the resolution of inflammation and return to homeostasis. This minireview focusses on anti-inflammatory neutrophil functions, placing a particular focus on recent findings linked to neutrophil cell death, several types of which may be anti-inflammatory (apoptosis, secondary necrosis, and neutrophil extracellular traps). These are discussed together with features that may further promote the clearance of dead cells by efferocytosis and reprogramming of macrophages to promote resolution and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waywen Loh
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Sonja Vermeren
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
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Maekawa M, Natsume R, Arita M. Functional significance of ion channels during macropinosome resolution in immune cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1037758. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1037758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a unique type of endocytosis accompanied by membrane ruffle formation. Closure of membrane ruffles leads to the uptake of large volumes of fluid phase and, subsequently, the formation of large vacuoles termed macropinosomes. Immune cells, such as dendritic cells, T cells, and macrophages, endocytose the surrounding amino acids and pathogens via macropinocytosis either constitutively or in a stimulus-dependent fashion. This process is critical for cell migration, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation, and antigen presentation. Large vacuoles are fragmented into tubules and smaller vesicles during the progression and maturation of macropinosomes in immune cells. This process is called “macropinosome resolution” and requires osmotically driven shrinkage of macropinosomes, which is controlled by ion channels present in them. The crenation of membranes on shrunken macropinosomes is recognized by curvature-sensing proteins and results in intracellular membrane trafficking. In this mini review, we highlight the recent progress in research on macropinosome resolution in macrophages, with a focus on ion channels (TPC1/2 for Na+ and TMEM206 for Cl−) that is required for macropinosome resolution. We also discuss the potential contribution of membrane lipids to this process.
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Li X, Omonova Tuychi Qizi C, Mohamed Khamis A, Zhang C, Su Z. Nanotechnology for Enhanced Cytoplasmic and Organelle Delivery of Bioactive Molecules to Immune Cells. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1065-1083. [PMID: 35661086 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells stand as a critical component of the immune system to maintain the internal environment homeostasis. The dysfunction of immune cells can result in various life-threatening diseases, including refractory infection, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Therefore, strategies to standardize or even enhance the function of immune cells are critical. Recently, nanotechnology has been highly researched and extensively applied for enhancing the cytoplasmic delivery of bioactive molecules to immune cells, providing efficient approaches to correct in vivo and in vitro dysfunction of immune cells. This review focuses on the technologies and challenges involved in improving endo-lysosomal escape, cytoplasmic release and organelle targeted delivery of different bioactive molecules in immune cells. Furthermore, it will elaborate on the broader vision of applying nanotechnology for treating immune cell-related diseases and constructing immune therapies and cytopharmaceuticals as potential treatments for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Charos Omonova Tuychi Qizi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Amari Mohamed Khamis
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Can Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Zhigui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Karmakar U, Vermeren S. Crosstalk between B cells and neutrophils in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunology 2021; 164:689-700. [PMID: 34478165 PMCID: PMC8561113 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease without known cure that primarily affects synovial joints. RA has a prevalence of approximately 1% of the population worldwide. A vicious circle between two critical immune cell types, B cells and neutrophils, develops and promotes disease. Pathogenic anti‐citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) directed against a range of citrullinated epitopes are abundant in both plasma and synovial fluid of RA patients. In addition to stimulating numerous cell types, ACPA and other autoantibodies, notably rheumatoid factor, form immune complexes (ICs) that potently activate neutrophils. Attracted to the synovium by abundant chemokines, neutrophils are locally stimulated by ICs. They generate cytokines and release cytotoxic compounds including neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), strands of decondensed chromatin decorated with citrullinated histones and granule‐derived neutrophil proteins, which are particularly abundant in the synovial fluid. In this way, neutrophils generate citrullinated epitopes and release peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes capable of citrullinating extracellular proteins in the rheumatic joint, contributing to renewed ACPA generation. This review article focusses on the central function of citrullination, a post‐translational modification of arginine residues in RA. The discussion includes ACPA and related autoantibodies, somatic hypermutation‐mediated escape from negative selection by autoreactive B cells, promotion of the dominance of citrullinated antigens by genetic and lifestyle susceptibility factors and the vicious circle between ACPA‐producing pathogenic B cells and NET‐producing neutrophils in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsa Karmakar
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sonja Vermeren
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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