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Phalnikar K, Srividya M, Mythri SV, Vasavi NS, Ganguly A, Kumar A, S P, Kalia K, Mishra SS, Dhanya SK, Paul P, Holla B, Ganesh S, Reddy PC, Sud R, Viswanath B, Muralidharan B. Altered neuroepithelial morphogenesis and migration defects in iPSC-derived cerebral organoids and 2D neural stem cells in familial bipolar disorder. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 3:kvae007. [PMID: 38638145 PMCID: PMC11024480 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness that can result from neurodevelopmental aberrations, particularly in familial BD, which may include causative genetic variants. In the present study, we derived cortical organoids from BD patients and healthy (control) individuals from a clinically dense family in the Indian population. Our data reveal that the patient organoids show neurodevelopmental anomalies, including organisational, proliferation and migration defects. The BD organoids show a reduction in both the number of neuroepithelial buds/cortical rosettes and the ventricular zone size. Additionally, patient organoids show a lower number of SOX2-positive and EdU-positive cycling progenitors, suggesting a progenitor proliferation defect. Further, the patient neurons show abnormal positioning in the ventricular/intermediate zone of the neuroepithelial bud. Transcriptomic analysis of control and patient organoids supports our cellular topology data and reveals dysregulation of genes crucial for progenitor proliferation and neuronal migration. Lastly, time-lapse imaging of neural stem cells in 2D in vitro cultures reveals abnormal cellular migration in BD samples. Overall, our study pinpoints a cellular and molecular deficit in BD patient-derived organoids and neural stem cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruttika Phalnikar
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK - Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India-560065
| | - M Srividya
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road Bengaluru, Karnataka, India-560029
| | - S V Mythri
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road Bengaluru, Karnataka, India-560029
| | - N S Vasavi
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road Bengaluru, Karnataka, India-560029
| | - Archisha Ganguly
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK - Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India-560065
| | - Aparajita Kumar
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK - Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India-560065
| | - Padmaja S
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK - Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India-560065
| | - Kishan Kalia
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK - Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India-560065
| | - Srishti S Mishra
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK - Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India-560065
| | - Sreeja Kumari Dhanya
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK - Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India-560065
| | - Pradip Paul
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road Bengaluru, Karnataka, India-560029
| | - Bharath Holla
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road Bengaluru, Karnataka, India-560029
| | - Suhas Ganesh
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road Bengaluru, Karnataka, India-560029
| | - Puli Chandramouli Reddy
- Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi-NCR, India-201314
| | - Reeteka Sud
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road Bengaluru, Karnataka, India-560029
| | - Biju Viswanath
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road Bengaluru, Karnataka, India-560029
| | - Bhavana Muralidharan
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK - Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India-560065
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2
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Martín D, Ruano D, Yúfera A, Daza P. Electrical pulse stimulation parameters modulate N2a neuronal differentiation. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:49. [PMID: 38272891 PMCID: PMC10810886 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrical pulse stimulation has been used to enhance the differentiation or proliferation of neuronal progenitor cells in tissue engineering and cancer treatment. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation of the effects caused by its parameters is crucial for improvements in those fields. We propose a study of pulse parameters, to allow the control of N2a cell line fate and behavior. We have focused on designing an experimental setup that allows for the knowledge and control over the environment and the stimulation signals applied. To map the effects of the stimulation on N2a cells, their morphology and the cellular and molecular reactions induced by the pulse stimulation have been analyzed. Immunofluorescence, rt-PCR and western blot analysis have been carried out for this purpose, as well as cell counting. Our results show that low-amplitude electrical pulse stimulation promotes proliferation of N2a cells, whilst amplitudes in the range 250 mV/mm-500 mV/mm induce differentiation. Amplitudes higher than 750 mV/mm produce cell damage at low frequencies. For high frequencies, large amplitudes are needed to cause cell death. An inverse relation has been found between cell density and pulse-induced neuronal differentiation. The best condition for neuronal differentiation was found to be 500 mV/mm at 100 Hz. These findings have been confirmed by up-regulation of the Neurod1 gene. Our preliminary study of the molecular effects of electrical pulse stimulation on N2a offers premonitory clues of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway implications on the neuronal differentiation process through ES. In general, we have successfully mapped the sensitivity of N2a cells to electrical pulse stimulation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martín
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Diego Ruano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alberto Yúfera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, ETSII, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paula Daza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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3
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Zhong Q, Xiao X, Qiu Y, Xu Z, Chen C, Chong B, Zhao X, Hai S, Li S, An Z, Dai L. Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e261. [PMID: 37143582 PMCID: PMC10152985 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of proteins, which provides the basis for the emergence of organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types of protein modifications, such as the most well-known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short-chain and long-chain acylation modifications, redox modifications, and irreversible modifications, have been described, and the inventory is still increasing. By changing the protein conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, and interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter the phenotypes and biological processes of cells. The homeostasis of protein modifications is important to human health. Abnormal PTMs may cause changes in protein properties and loss of protein functions, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce the characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of various PTMs in health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic prospects in various diseases by targeting PTMs and associated regulatory enzymes are also summarized. This work will deepen the understanding of protein modifications in health and diseases and promote the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers and drug targets for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xina Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yijie Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chunyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Baochen Chong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shan Hai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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4
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Villarroya‐Beltri C, Martins AFB, García A, Giménez D, Zarzuela E, Novo M, del Álamo C, González‐Martínez J, Bonel‐Pérez GC, Díaz I, Guillamot M, Chiesa M, Losada A, Graña‐Castro O, Rovira M, Muñoz J, Salazar‐Roa M, Malumbres M. Mammalian CDC14 phosphatases control exit from stemness in pluripotent cells. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111251. [PMID: 36326833 PMCID: PMC9811616 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of stemness is tightly linked to cell cycle regulation through protein phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). However, how this process is reversed during differentiation is unknown. We report here that exit from stemness and differentiation of pluripotent cells along the neural lineage are controlled by CDC14, a CDK-counteracting phosphatase whose function in mammals remains obscure. Lack of the two CDC14 family members, CDC14A and CDC14B, results in deficient development of the neural system in the mouse and impairs neural differentiation from embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Mechanistically, CDC14 directly dephosphorylates specific proline-directed Ser/Thr residues of undifferentiated embryonic transcription Factor 1 (UTF1) during the exit from stemness, triggering its proteasome-dependent degradation. Multiomic single-cell analysis of transcription and chromatin accessibility in differentiating ESCs suggests that increased UTF1 levels in the absence of CDC14 prevent the proper firing of bivalent promoters required for differentiation. CDC14 phosphatases are dispensable for mitotic exit, suggesting that CDC14 phosphatases have evolved to control stemness rather than cell cycle exit and establish the CDK-CDC14 axis as a critical molecular switch for linking cell cycle regulation and self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Filipa B Martins
- Cell Division and Cancer groupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Alejandro García
- Cell Division and Cancer groupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | | | | | - Mónica Novo
- Cell Division and Cancer groupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Cristina del Álamo
- Cell Division and Cancer groupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | | | - Gloria C Bonel‐Pérez
- Cell Division and Cancer groupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Irene Díaz
- Cell Division and Cancer groupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - María Guillamot
- Cell Division and Cancer groupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Massimo Chiesa
- Cell Division and Cancer groupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Ana Losada
- Chromosome Dynamics groupCNIOMadridSpain
| | - Osvaldo Graña‐Castro
- Bioinformatics UnitCNIOMadridSpain
- Present address:
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA‐Nemesio Díez), School of MedicineSan Pablo‐CEU University, CEU UniversitiesBoadilla del MonteSpain
| | - Meritxell Rovira
- Department of Physiological Science, School of Medicine, L'Hospitalet de LlobregatUniversity of Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
- Pancreas Regeneration: Pancreatic Progenitors and Their Niche Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, P‐CMR[C]Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - María Salazar‐Roa
- Cell Division and Cancer groupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
- Present address:
Advanced Therapies and Cancer Group, Faculty of BiologyComplutense UniversityMadridSpain
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer groupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
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Chachami G, Barysch SV. Comparative SUMO Proteome Analysis Using Stable Isotopic Labeling by Amino Acids (SILAC). Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2603:71-86. [PMID: 36370271 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2863-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sumoylation is a dynamic protein posttranslational modification that contributes to many intracellular pathways, including nucleocytoplasmic transport, DNA repair, transcriptional control, and chromatin remodeling. Interestingly, various stress conditions such as heat shock, oxidative stress, and ischemia promote global changes in sumoylation in different cells or tissues. However, due to limitations in either abundance or steady state sumoylation level, it is often difficult to detect differences in the sumoylation of a protein under different conditions simply by immunoblotting. In the last decade, the enrichment of endogenous sumoylated proteins has been greatly improved using immunoprecipitation techniques. Combining these methods with quantitative methodologies such as Stable Isotopic Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell culture (SILAC), it is feasible to identify the sumoylation status of a wide range of proteins and detect changes in SUMO conjugation under different experimental conditions. In this chapter, we describe a method that allows comparison of the sumoylated proteome in HeLa cells between two conditions, using differential labeling by light or heavy amino acids (SILAC), isolation of endogenous sumoylated (SUMO1 and SUMO2/3) proteins with immunoprecipitation and MS analysis. We also discuss the conceptual design and the considerations before performing such an experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Chachami
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Sina-Victoria Barysch
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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García-Gutiérrez P, García-Domínguez M. SUMO control of nervous system development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 132:203-212. [PMID: 34848148 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, the post-translational modification system by covalent attachment of the SUMO polypeptide to proteins has emerged as an essential mechanism controlling virtually all the physiological processes in the eukaryotic cell. This includes vertebrate development. In the nervous system, SUMO plays crucial roles in synapse establishment and it has also been linked to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. However, to date, the involvement of the modification of specific targets in key aspects of nervous system development, like patterning and differentiation, has remained largely elusive. A number of recent works confirm the participation of target-specific SUMO modification in critical aspects of nervous system development. Here, we review pioneering and new findings demonstrating the essential role SUMO plays in neurogenesis and other facets of neurodevelopment, which will help to precisely understand the variety of mechanisms SUMO utilizes to control most fundamental processes in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García-Gutiérrez
- Andalusian Centre for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Av. Américo Vespucio 24, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Mario García-Domínguez
- Andalusian Centre for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Av. Américo Vespucio 24, 41092 Seville, Spain.
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7
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Vertegaal ACO. Signalling mechanisms and cellular functions of SUMO. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:715-731. [PMID: 35750927 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sumoylation is an essential post-translational modification that is catalysed by a small number of modifying enzymes but regulates thousands of target proteins in a dynamic manner. Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) can be attached to target proteins as one or more monomers or in the form of polymers of different types. Non-covalent readers recognize SUMO-modified proteins via SUMO interaction motifs. SUMO simultaneously modifies groups of functionally related proteins to regulate predominantly nuclear processes, including gene expression, the DNA damage response, RNA processing, cell cycle progression and proteostasis. Recent progress has increased our understanding of the cellular and pathophysiological roles of SUMO modifications, extending their functions to the regulation of immunity, pluripotency and nuclear body assembly in response to oxidative stress, which partly occurs through the recently characterized mechanism of liquid-liquid phase separation. Such progress in understanding the roles and regulation of sumoylation opens new avenues for the targeting of SUMO to treat disease, and indeed the first drug blocking sumoylation is currently under investigation in clinical trials as a possible anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
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8
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Garcia-Domi Nguez M. Proper progression of neurogenesis relies on a defined pattern of SUMO-modified proteins. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1731-1732. [PMID: 35017422 PMCID: PMC8820694 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.332134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Garcia-Domi Nguez
- Andalusian Centre for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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9
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Urdinguio RG, Tejedor JR, Fernández-Sanjurjo M, Pérez RF, Peñarroya A, Ferrero C, Codina-Martínez H, Díez-Planelles C, Pinto-Hernández P, Castilla-Silgado J, Coto-Vilcapoma A, Díez-Robles S, Blanco-Agudín N, Tomás-Zapico C, Iglesias-Gutiérrez E, Fernández-García B, Fernandez AF, Fraga MF. Physical exercise shapes the mouse brain epigenome. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101398. [PMID: 34801767 PMCID: PMC8661702 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the genome-wide epigenomic and transcriptomic changes induced by long term resistance or endurance training in the hippocampus of wild-type mice. METHODS We performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of mice hippocampus after 4 weeks of specific training. In addition, we used a novel object recognition test before and after the intervention to determine whether the exercise led to an improvement in cognitive function. RESULTS Although the majority of DNA methylation changes identified in this study were training-model specific, most were associated with hypomethylation and were enriched in similar histone marks, chromatin states, and transcription factor biding sites. It is worth highlighting the significant association found between the loss of DNA methylation in Tet1 binding sites and gene expression changes, indicating the importance of these epigenomic changes in transcriptional regulation. However, endurance and resistance training activate different gene pathways, those being associated with neuroplasticity in the case of endurance exercise, and interferon response pathways in the case of resistance exercise, which also appears to be associated with improved learning and memory functions. CONCLUSIONS Our results help both understand the molecular mechanisms by which different exercise models exert beneficial effects for brain health and provide new potential therapeutic targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío G Urdinguio
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Juan Ramon Tejedor
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-Sanjurjo
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Fisiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain
| | - Raúl F Pérez
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Alfonso Peñarroya
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Cecilia Ferrero
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Helena Codina-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain; Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Carlos Díez-Planelles
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Fisiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Paola Pinto-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Fisiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain
| | - Juan Castilla-Silgado
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Fisiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain
| | - Almudena Coto-Vilcapoma
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Fisiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain
| | - Sergio Díez-Robles
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Fisiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Noelia Blanco-Agudín
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Fisiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Cristina Tomás-Zapico
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Fisiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain
| | - Eduardo Iglesias-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Fisiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain.
| | - Benjamín Fernández-García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain; Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Agustin F Fernandez
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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