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Zhang YK, Shi R, Meng RY, Lin SL, Zheng M. Erythropoietin-induced hepatocyte receptor A2 regulates effect of pyroptosis on gastrointestinal colorectal cancer occurrence and metastasis resistance. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:3781-3797. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin-induced hepatocyte receptor A2 (EphA2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a key role in the development and progression of a variety of tumors. This article reviews the expression of EphA2 in gastrointestinal (GI) colorectal cancer (CRC) and its regulation of pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death that plays an important role in tumor suppression. Studies have shown that EphA2 regulates pyrodeath through various signaling pathways, affecting the occurrence, development and metastasis of GI CRC. The overexpression of EphA2 is closely related to the aggressiveness and metastasis of GI CRC, and the inhibition of EphA2 can induce pyrodeath and improve the sensitivity of cancer cells to treatment. In addition, EphA2 regulates intercellular communication and the microenvironment through interactions with other cytokines and receptors, further influencing cancer progression. The role of EphA2 in GI CRC and its underlying mechanisms provide us with new perspectives and potential therapeutic targets, which have important implications for future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ran Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ruo-Yu Meng
- Department of Minimally Invasive Comprehensive Treatment of Cancer, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shui-Li Lin
- Department of Ana and Intestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
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2
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Liu X, Wu F, Pan W, Liu G, Zhang H, Yan D, Zheng S, Ma Z, Ren X. Tumor-associated exosomes in cancer progression and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e709. [PMID: 39247621 PMCID: PMC11380050 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles that are released by cells into the extracellular environment. Tumor-associated exosomes (TAEs) are extracellular vesicles that play a significant role in cancer progression by mediating intercellular communication and contributing to various hallmarks of cancer. These vesicles carry a cargo of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules that can be transferred to recipient cells, modifying their behavior and promoting tumor growth, angiogenesis, immune modulation, and drug resistance. Several potential therapeutic targets within the TAEs cargo have been identified, including oncogenic proteins, miRNAs, tumor-associated antigens, immune checkpoint proteins, drug resistance proteins, and tissue factor. In this review, we will systematically summarize the biogenesis, composition, and function of TAEs in cancer progression and highlight potential therapeutic targets. Considering the complexity of exosome-mediated signaling and the pleiotropic effects of exosome cargoes has challenge in developing effective therapeutic strategies. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of TAEs in cancer and to develop effective therapies that target them. In particular, the development of strategies to block TAEs release, target TAEs cargo, inhibit TAEs uptake, and modulate TAEs content could provide novel approaches to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer School of Life Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
- Shanghai New Tobacco Product Research Institute Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Fan Wu
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer School of Life Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Wei Pan
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer School of Life Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Guangchao Liu
- Shanghai New Tobacco Product Research Institute Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shanghai New Tobacco Product Research Institute Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Dawei Yan
- Shanghai New Tobacco Product Research Institute Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Saijing Zheng
- Shanghai New Tobacco Product Research Institute Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Zhongliang Ma
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer School of Life Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Life Sciences Beijing University of Technology Beijing China
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3
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Liao H, Zhang C, Wang F, Jin F, Zhao Q, Wang X, Wang S, Gao J. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicle proteins as new biomarkers and targets in precision oncology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:961-971. [PMID: 38814362 PMCID: PMC11269371 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important carriers of signaling molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and have become a focus of increasing interest due to their numerous physiological and pathological functions. For a long time, most studies on EV components focused on noncoding RNAs; however, in recent years, extracellular vesicle proteins (EVPs) have been found to play important roles in diagnosis, treatment, and drug resistance and thus have been considered favorable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various tumors. In this review, we describe the general protocols of research on EVPs and summarize their multifaceted roles in precision medicine applications, including cancer diagnosis, dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy, drug resistance research, tumor microenvironment interaction research, and anticancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liao
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- Chi Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Shubin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.
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4
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Bahadorani M, Nasiri M, Dellinger K, Aravamudhan S, Zadegan R. Engineering Exosomes for Therapeutic Applications: Decoding Biogenesis, Content Modification, and Cargo Loading Strategies. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:7137-7164. [PMID: 39050874 PMCID: PMC11268655 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s464249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes emerge from endosomal invagination and range in size from 30 to 200 nm. Exosomes contain diverse proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which can indicate the state of various physiological and pathological processes. Studies have revealed the remarkable clinical potential of exosomes in diagnosing and prognosing multiple diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. Exosomes also have the potential to be engineered and deliver their cargo to a specific target. However, further advancements are imperative to optimize exosomes' diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities for practical implementation in clinical settings. This review highlights exosomes' diagnostic and therapeutic applications, emphasizing their engineering through simple incubation, biological, and click chemistry techniques. Additionally, the loading of therapeutic agents onto exosomes, utilizing passive and active strategies, and exploring hybrid and artificial exosomes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Bahadorani
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Mahboobeh Nasiri
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Kristen Dellinger
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Shyam Aravamudhan
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Reza Zadegan
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Xie F, Qiu J, Sun C, Feng L, Jun Y, Luo C, Guo X, Zhang B, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wang Q. Development of a Specific Aptamer-Modified Nano-System to Treat Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309084. [PMID: 38704694 PMCID: PMC11267304 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a prevalent gastrointestinal cancer characterized by high mortality and an unfavorable prognosis. While combination therapies involving surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are advancing, targeted therapy for ESCC remains underdeveloped. As a result, the overall five-year survival rate for ESCC is still below 20%. Herein, ESCC-specific DNA aptamers and an innovative aptamer-modified nano-system is introduced for targeted drug and gene delivery to effectively inhibit ESCC. The EA1 ssDNA aptamer, which binds robustly to ESCC cells with high specificity and affinity, is identified using cell-based systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (cell-SELEX). An EA1-modified nano-system is developed using a natural egg yolk lipid nanovector (EA1-EYLNs-PTX/siEFNA1) that concurrently loads paclitaxel (PTX) and a small interfering RNA of Ephrin A1 (EFNA1). This combination counters ESCC's proliferation, migration, invasion, and lung metastasis. Notably, EFNA1 is overexpressed in ESCC tumors with lung metastasis and has an inverse correlation with ESCC patient prognosis. The EA1-EYLNs-PTX/siEFNA1 nano-system offers effective drug delivery and tumor targeting, resulting in significantly improved therapeutic efficacy against ESCC tumors. These insights suggest that aptamer-modified nano-systems can deliver drugs and genes with superior tumor-targeting, potentially revolutionizing targeted therapy in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityHuai'anJiangsu223300China
| | - Jinrong Qiu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityHuai'anJiangsu223300China
| | - Congyong Sun
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityHuai'anJiangsu223300China
| | - Lulu Feng
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityHuai'anJiangsu223300China
| | - Yali Jun
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityHuai'anJiangsu223300China
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityHuai'anJiangsu223300China
| | - Chao Luo
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityHuai'anJiangsu223300China
| | - Xiamei Guo
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityHuai'anJiangsu223300China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityHuai'anJiangsu223300China
| | - Yu Zhou
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityHuai'anJiangsu223300China
| | - Yuting Wang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityHuai'anJiangsu223300China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityHuai'anJiangsu223300China
| | - Qilong Wang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityHuai'anJiangsu223300China
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Cai C, Liu Q, Shan H, Zhong C, Chen G, Cai Z, Zheng Y, Lu J, Tang J, Lin Z. Aberrant Super-Enhancer Landscape in Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2024; 28:243-256. [PMID: 38722048 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2023.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which has developed resistance to next-generation antiandrogens, such as enzalutamide (Enz), is a lethal disease. Furthermore, transcriptional regulation by super enhancers (SEs) is crucial for the growth and spread of prostate cancer, as well as drug resistance. The functions of SEs, a significant class of noncoding DNA cis-regulatory elements, have been the subject of numerous recent studies in the field of cancer research. Materials and Methods: The goal of this research was to identify SEs associated with Enz resistance in C4-2B cells using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag). Using HOMER analysis to predict protein/gene-binding motifs, we identified master transcription factors (TFs) that may bind to SE sites. Using small interfering RNA, WST-1 assays, and qRT-PCR, we then confirmed the associations between TFs of SEs and Enz resistance. Results: A total of 999 SEs were screened from C4-2B EnzR cells in total. Incorporating analysis with RNA-seq data revealed 41 SEs to be strongly associated with the promotion of Enz resistance. In addition, we finally predicted that master TFs bind to SE-binding regions. Subsequently, we selected zinc finger protein 467 (ZFP467) and SMAD family member 3 to confirm the functional connections of master TFs with Enz resistance through SEs (ZNF467). Conclusions: In this study, SMAD3 and ZNF467 were found to be closely related to Enz-resistant CRPC. Our research uncovered a sizable group of SEs linked to Enz resistance in prostate cancer, dissected the mechanisms underlying SE Enz resistance, and shed light on potential clinical uses for SEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cai
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinwei Liu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Shan
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanfan Zhong
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guidong Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhouda Cai
- Department of Andrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Lu
- Department of Andrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoyuan Lin
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Miao L, Kang Y, Zhang XF. Nanotechnology for the theranostic opportunity of breast cancer lung metastasis: recent advancements and future challenges. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1410017. [PMID: 38882636 PMCID: PMC11176448 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1410017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung metastasis of breast cancer is rapidly becoming a thorny problem in the treatment of patients with breast cancer and an obstacle to long-term survival. The main challenges of treatment are the absence of therapeutic targets and drug resistance, which promotes the development of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment process. Taking advantage of the controllability and targeting of nanotechnology, drug-targeted delivery, controlled sustained release, multi-drug combination, improved drug efficacy, and reduced side effects can be realized in the process of the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Several nanotechnology-based theranostic strategies have been investigated in breast cancer lung metastases (BCLM): targeted drug delivery, imaging analysis, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and multi-modality combined therapy, and some clinical applications are in the research phase. In this review, we present current nanotechnology-based diagnosis and treatment approaches for patients of incurable breast cancer with lung metastases, and we hope to be able to summarize more effective and promising nano-drug diagnosis and treatment systems that aim to improve the survival of patients with advanced MBC. We describe nanoplatform-based experimental studies and clinical trials targeting the tumor and the tumor microenvironment (TME) for BCLM to obtain more targeted treatment and in the future treatment steps for patients to provide a pioneering strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Miao
- Departemnt of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Kang
- Departemnt of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Feng Zhang
- Departemnt of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
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Meng L, Zhang C, Yu P. Treating cancer through modulating exosomal protein loading and function: The prospects of natural products and traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107179. [PMID: 38615876 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, small yet vital extracellular vesicles, play an integral role in intercellular communication. They transport critical components, such as proteins, lipid bilayers, DNA, RNA, and glycans, to target cells. These vesicles are crucial in modulating the extracellular matrix and orchestrating signal transduction processes. In oncology, exosomes are pivotal in tumor growth, metastasis, drug resistance, and immune modulation within the tumor microenvironment. Exosomal proteins, noted for their stability and specificity, have garnered widespread attention. This review delves into the mechanisms of exosomal protein loading and their impact on tumor development, with a focus on the regulatory effects of natural products and traditional Chinese medicine on exosomal protein loading and function. These insights not only offer new strategies and methodologies for cancer treatment but also provide scientific bases and directions for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Pei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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9
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Veiga RN, de Azevedo ALK, de Oliveira JC, Gradia DF. Targeting EphA2: a promising strategy to overcome chemoresistance and drug resistance in cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:479-493. [PMID: 38393661 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular A2 (EphA2) is a vital member of the Eph tyrosine kinase receptor family and has been associated with developmental processes. However, it is often overexpressed in tumors and correlates with cancer progression and worse prognosis due to the activation of its noncanonical signaling pathway. Throughout cancer treatment, the emergence of drug-resistant tumor cells is relatively common. Since the early 2000s, researchers have focused on understanding the role of EphA2 in promoting drug resistance in different types of cancer, as well as finding efficient and secure EphA2 inhibitors. In this review, the current knowledge regarding induced resistance by EphA2 in cancer treatment is summarized, and the types of cancer that lead to the most cancer-related deaths are highlighted. Some EphA2 inhibitors were also investigated. Regardless of whether the cancer treatment has reached a drug-resistance stage in EphA2-overexpressing tumors, once EphA2 is involved in cancer progression and aggressiveness, targeting EphA2 is a promising therapeutic strategy, especially in combination with other target-drugs for synergistic effect. For that reason, monoclonal antibodies against EphA2 and inhibitors of this receptor should be investigated for efficacy and drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Nasser Veiga
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics. Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos, 100, Jardim das AméricasCuritiba, CEP, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Luiz Korte de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics. Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos, 100, Jardim das AméricasCuritiba, CEP, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Carvalho de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics. Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos, 100, Jardim das AméricasCuritiba, CEP, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Daniela Fiori Gradia
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics. Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos, 100, Jardim das AméricasCuritiba, CEP, 81531-980, Brazil.
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10
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Kashyap D, Salman H. Targeting Interleukin-13 Receptor α2 and EphA2 in Aggressive Breast Cancer Subtypes with Special References to Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3780. [PMID: 38612592 PMCID: PMC11011362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCA) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. This review delves into the therapeutic challenges of BCA, emphasizing the roles of interleukin-13 receptor α2 (IL-13Rα2) and erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A2 (EphA2) in tumor progression and resistance. Highlighting their overexpression in BCA, particularly in aggressive subtypes, such as Her-2-enriched and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), we discuss the potential of these receptors as targets for chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies. We examine the structural and functional roles of IL-13Rα2 and EphA2, their pathological significance in BCA, and the promising therapeutic avenues their targeting presents. With an in-depth analysis of current immunotherapeutic strategies, including the limitations of existing treatments and the potential of dual antigen-targeting CAR T-cell therapies, this review aims to summarize potential future novel, more effective therapeutic interventions for BCA. Through a thorough examination of preclinical and clinical studies, it underlines the urgent need for targeted therapies in combating the high mortality rates associated with Her-2-enriched and TNBC subtypes and discusses the potential role of IL-13Rα2 and EphA2 as promising candidates for the development of CAR T-cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huda Salman
- Brown Center for Immunotherapy, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
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11
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Ebrahim T, Ebrahim AS, Kandouz M. Diversity of Intercellular Communication Modes: A Cancer Biology Perspective. Cells 2024; 13:495. [PMID: 38534339 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
From the moment a cell is on the path to malignant transformation, its interaction with other cells from the microenvironment becomes altered. The flow of molecular information is at the heart of the cellular and systemic fate in tumors, and various processes participate in conveying key molecular information from or to certain cancer cells. For instance, the loss of tight junction molecules is part of the signal sent to cancer cells so that they are no longer bound to the primary tumors and are thus free to travel and metastasize. Upon the targeting of a single cell by a therapeutic drug, gap junctions are able to communicate death information to by-standing cells. The discovery of the importance of novel modes of cell-cell communication such as different types of extracellular vesicles or tunneling nanotubes is changing the way scientists look at these processes. However, are they all actively involved in different contexts at the same time or are they recruited to fulfill specific tasks? What does the multiplicity of modes mean for the overall progression of the disease? Here, we extend an open invitation to think about the overall significance of these questions, rather than engage in an elusive attempt at a systematic repertory of the mechanisms at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanzeela Ebrahim
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Abdul Shukkur Ebrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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12
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Yousafzai NA, El Khalki L, Wang W, Szpendyk J, Sossey-Alaoui K. Advances in 3D Culture Models to Study Exosomes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:883. [PMID: 38473244 PMCID: PMC10931050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, exhibits distinct subtypes with varying pathological, genetic, and clinical characteristics. Despite advancements in breast cancer treatments, its histological and molecular heterogeneity pose a significant clinical challenge. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive subtype lacking targeted therapeutics, adds to the complexity of breast cancer treatment. Recent years have witnessed the development of advanced 3D culture technologies, such as organoids and spheroids, providing more representative models of healthy human tissue and various malignancies. These structures, resembling organs in structure and function, are generated from stem cells or organ-specific progenitor cells via self-organizing processes. Notably, 3D culture systems bridge the gap between 2D cultures and in vivo studies, offering a more accurate representation of in vivo tumors' characteristics. Exosomes, small nano-sized molecules secreted by breast cancer and stromal/cancer-associated fibroblast cells, have garnered significant attention. They play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication, influencing tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. The 3D culture environment enhances exosome efficiency compared to traditional 2D cultures, impacting the transfer of specific cargoes and therapeutic effects. Furthermore, 3D exosomes have shown promise in improving therapeutic outcomes, acting as potential vehicles for cancer treatment administration. Studies have demonstrated their role in pro-angiogenesis and their innate therapeutic potential in mimicking cellular therapies without side effects. The 3D exosome model holds potential for addressing challenges associated with drug resistance, offering insights into the mechanisms underlying multidrug resistance and serving as a platform for drug screening. This review seeks to emphasize the crucial role of 3D culture systems in studying breast cancer, especially in understanding the involvement of exosomes in cancer pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelum Aziz Yousafzai
- MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (N.A.Y.); (L.E.K.); (W.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4909, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106-7285, USA
| | - Lamyae El Khalki
- MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (N.A.Y.); (L.E.K.); (W.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4909, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106-7285, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (N.A.Y.); (L.E.K.); (W.W.)
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106-7285, USA
| | - Justin Szpendyk
- MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (N.A.Y.); (L.E.K.); (W.W.)
| | - Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (N.A.Y.); (L.E.K.); (W.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4909, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106-7285, USA
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13
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Abstract
Evidence implicating Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands (that together make up the 'Eph system') in cancer development and progression has been accumulating since the discovery of the first Eph receptor approximately 35 years ago. Advances in the past decade and a half have considerably increased the understanding of Eph receptor-ephrin signalling mechanisms in cancer and have uncovered intriguing new roles in cancer progression and drug resistance. This Review focuses mainly on these more recent developments. I provide an update on the different mechanisms of Eph receptor-ephrin-mediated cell-cell communication and cell autonomous signalling, as well as on the interplay of the Eph system with other signalling systems. I further discuss recent advances in elucidating how the Eph system controls tumour expansion, invasiveness and metastasis, supports cancer stem cells, and drives therapy resistance. In addition to functioning within cancer cells, the Eph system also mediates the reciprocal communication between cancer cells and cells of the tumour microenvironment. The involvement of the Eph system in tumour angiogenesis is well established, but recent findings also demonstrate roles in immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix. Lastly, I discuss strategies under evaluation for therapeutic targeting of Eph receptors-ephrins in cancer and conclude with an outlook on promising future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena B Pasquale
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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14
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Cui Y, Tian J, Wang Z, Guo H, Zhang H, Wang Z, Liu H, Song W, Liu L, Tian R, Zuo X, Ren S, Niu R, Zhang F. Fructose-Induced mTORC1 Activation Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression through Inhibition of Autophagy. Cancer Res 2023; 83:4063-4079. [PMID: 37738413 PMCID: PMC10722142 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Excessive fructose intake is associated with the occurrence, progression, and poor prognosis of various tumors. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the functions of fructose in cancer could facilitate the development of better treatment and prevention strategies. In this study, we investigated the functional association between fructose utilization and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression. Fructose could be taken up and metabolized by PDAC cells and provided an adaptive survival mechanism for PDAC cells under glucose-deficient conditions. GLUT5-mediated fructose metabolism maintained the survival, proliferation, and invasion capacities of PDAC cells in vivo and in vitro. Fructose metabolism not only provided ATP and biomass to PDAC cells but also conferred metabolic plasticity to the cells, making them more adaptable to the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, fructose activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mTORC1 signaling pathway to inhibit glucose deficiency-induced autophagic cell death. Moreover, the fructose-specific transporter GLUT5 was highly expressed in PDAC tissues and was an independent marker of disease progression in patients with PDAC. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the role of fructose in promoting PDAC progression and offer potential strategies for targeting metabolism to treat PDAC. SIGNIFICANCE Fructose activates AMPK-mTORC1 signaling to inhibit autophagy-mediated cell death in pancreatic cancer cells caused by glucose deficiency, facilitating metabolic adaptation to the tumor microenvironment and supporting tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Cui
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianfei Tian
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaosong Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - He Zhang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Weijie Song
- Laboratory Animal Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Liming Liu
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruinan Tian
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zuo
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Sixin Ren
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruifang Niu
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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15
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Abyadeh M, Alikhani M, Mirzaei M, Gupta V, Shekari F, Salekdeh GH. Proteomics provides insights into the theranostic potential of extracellular vesicles. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 138:101-133. [PMID: 38220422 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompass a diverse range of membranous structures derived from cells, including exosomes and microvesicles. These vesicles are present in biological fluids and play vital roles in various physiological and pathological processes. They facilitate intercellular communication by enabling the exchange of proteins, lipids, and genetic material between cells. Understanding the cellular processes that govern EV biology is essential for unraveling their physiological and pathological functions and their potential clinical applications. Despite significant advancements in EV research in recent years, there is still much to learn about these vesicles. The advent of improved mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques has allowed for a deeper characterization of EV protein composition, providing valuable insights into their roles in different physiological and pathological conditions. In this chapter, we provide an overview of proteomics studies conducted to identify the protein contents of EVs, which contribute to their therapeutic and pathological features. We also provided evidence on the potential of EV proteome contents as biomarkers for early disease diagnosis, progression, and treatment response, as well as factors that influence their composition. Additionally, we discuss the available databases containing information on EV proteome contents, and finally, we highlight the need for further research to pave the way toward their utilization in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abyadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Alikhani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Han X, Shi F, Guo S, Li Y, Wang H, Song C, Wu S. LINC02086 promotes cell viability and inhibits cell apoptosis in breast cancer by sponging miR-6757-5p and up-regulating EPHA2. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:371. [PMID: 38008720 PMCID: PMC10680215 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Our study aims to characterize the functions of LINC02086 which few published in breast cancer and decipher the downstream molecular mechanisms. METHODS LINC02086 expression is tested in RNA-seq data from GEPIA database, tumor tissue samples from hospital patients and breast cancer cell lines. LINC02086 was silenced or overexpressed by lenti-virus-mediated shRNAs, or pLVX-Puro plasmids. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay were applied to study interactions between LINC02086, miR-6757-5p and ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EPHA2). LINC02086-silencing MCF-7 cells were injected into mice to establish xenograft animal models. RESULTS Using RNA-seq data, tumor tissue samples and breast cancer cells, LINC02086 was consistently found to be up-regulated in breast cancer, and correlated with poorer prognosis. LINC02086 knockdown decreased cell viability, promoted cell apoptosis and suppressed tumor growth. LINC02086 interacted with miR-6757-5p that interacted with EPHA2.LINC02086 expression was negatively correlated with miR-6757-5p expression (r = -0.5698, P < 0.001) but was positively correlated with EPHA2 expression (r = 0.5061, P < 0.001). miR-6757-5p expression was negatively correlated with EPHA2 expression (r = -0.5919, P < 0.001). LINC02086 regulated EPHA2 via miR-6757-5p. miR-6757-5p/EPHA2 axis was a mediator of the effect of LINC02086 on cell viability and apoptosis. CONCLUSION LINC02086 increases cell viability and decreases apoptotic cells in breast cancer by sponging miR-6757-5p to upregulate EPHA2. This study presents LINC02086/miR-6757-5p/EPHA2 axis as promising therapeutic targets for breast cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Fan Shi
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Shujun Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Chuanwang Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Shiwu Wu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China.
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China.
- Department of Pathology, the Second People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230041, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine Center of Anhui Province, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China.
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17
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Pu Q, Gao H. The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Triple-Positive Breast Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5493. [PMID: 38001753 PMCID: PMC10670777 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BRCA) is a highly heterogeneous systemic disease. It is ranked first globally in the incidence of new cancer cases and has emerged as the primary cause of cancer-related death among females. Among the distinct subtypes of BRCA, triple-positive breast cancer (TPBC) has been associated with increased metastasis and invasiveness, exhibiting greater resistance to endocrine therapy involving trastuzumab. It is now understood that invasion, metastasis, and treatment resistance associated with BRCA progression are not exclusively due to breast tumor cells but are from the intricate interplay between BRCA and its tumor microenvironment (TME). Accordingly, understanding the pathogenesis and evolution of the TPBC microenvironment demands a comprehensive approach. Moreover, addressing BRCA treatment necessitates a holistic consideration of the TME, bearing significant implications for identifying novel targets for anticancer interventions. This review expounds on the relationship between critical cellular components and factors in the TPBC microenvironment and the inception, advancement, and therapeutic resistance of breast cancer to provide perspectives on the latest research on TPBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Pu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, China;
- Oncology Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, China
| | - Haidong Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, China;
- Oncology Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, China
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18
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Tian R, Tian J, Zuo X, Ren S, Zhang H, Liu H, Wang Z, Cui Y, Niu R, Zhang F. RACK1 facilitates breast cancer progression by competitively inhibiting the binding of β-catenin to PSMD2 and enhancing the stability of β-catenin. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:685. [PMID: 37848434 PMCID: PMC10582012 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is a key scaffolding protein with multifunctional and multifaceted properties. By mediating protein-protein interactions, RACK1 integrates multiple intracellular signals involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes. Dysregulation of RACK1 has been implicated in the initiation and progression of many tumors. However, the exact function of RACK1 in cancer cellular processes, especially in proliferation, remains controversial. Here, we show that RACK1 is required for breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. This effect of RACK1 is associated with its ability to enhance β-catenin stability and activate the canonical WNT signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. We identified PSMD2, a key component of the proteasome, as a novel binding partner for RACK1 and β-catenin. Interestingly, although there is no interaction between RACK1 and β-catenin, RACK1 binds PSMD2 competitively with β-catenin. Moreover, RACK1 prevents ubiquitinated β-catenin from binding to PSMD2, thereby protecting β-catenin from proteasomal degradation. Collectively, our findings uncover a novel mechanism by which RACK1 increases β-catenin stability and promotes breast cancer proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruinan Tian
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jianfei Tian
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zuo
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Sixin Ren
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - He Zhang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yanfen Cui
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ruifang Niu
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Fei Zhang
- Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Choi JS, Lee SH, Park HB, Chun C, Kim Y, Kim KH, Weon BM, Kim DH, Kim HJ, Lee JH. The deformation of cancer cells through narrow micropores holds the potential to regulate genes that impact cancer malignancy. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3628-3638. [PMID: 37448298 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00069a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Surgery, radiation, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are standard treatment strategies for metastatic breast cancer. However, the heterogeneous nature of the disease poses challenges and continues to make it life-threatening. It is crucial to elucidate further the underlying signaling pathways to improve treatment efficacy. Our study established two triple-negative breast cancer cell lines (TW-1 and TW-2) that were physically deformed using 3 μm pores to investigate the relationship between cancer cell deformation and metastasis within a heterogeneous population. The physical transformation of TW-1 and TW-2 cells significantly affected their growth and migration speed, as evidenced by wound healing assays for collective cell migration and microchannel assays for single-cell migration. We conducted bulk RNA sequencing to gain insights into the genes influenced by physical deformation. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of trametinib resistance on breast cancer cell metastasis by assessing cell viability and migration rates. Interestingly, TW-1 and TW-2 cells exhibited resistance to trametinib treatment. We observed a significant upregulation of GABRA-3, a protein commonly expressed in malignant breast cancer, and the critical transcription factor Myc in TW-1 and TW-2 cells compared to the control group (Ori). However, we did not observe a significant difference in Myc expression between TW-1 and TW-2 cells. In contrast, in the trametinib-resistant cell lines (TW-1-Tra and TW-2-Tra), we found increased expression of OCT4 and SOX2 rather than GABRA-3 or Myc. These findings highlight the differential expression patterns of these genes in our study, suggesting their potential role in cancer cell deformation and drug resistance. Our study presents a potential in vitro model for metastatic and drug-resistant breast cancer cells. By investigating the correlation between cancer cell deformation and metastasis, we contribute to understanding breast cancer heterogeneity and lay the groundwork for developing improved treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seob Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Budaedong 275, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31080, South Korea
| | - Su Han Lee
- Digital Health Care Research Center, Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), 350-27, Gumidaero, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39253, South Korea
| | - Hye Bin Park
- Digital Health Care Research Center, Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), 350-27, Gumidaero, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39253, South Korea
| | - Changho Chun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Soft Matter Physics Laboratory, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Byung Mook Weon
- Soft Matter Physics Laboratory, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hyung Jin Kim
- Digital Health Care Research Center, Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), 350-27, Gumidaero, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39253, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Lee
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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20
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Liu X, Li Y, Chen C, Dong J, Zhou J, Tong D, Wang L, Gao X, Kang X. Exosomal EphA2 promotes tumor metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer by damaging endothelial barrier. Clin Exp Metastasis 2023; 40:105-116. [PMID: 36380015 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-022-10194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many evidences show that exosomes play an important role in cancer development, invasion and metastasis. This study is based on the need to explore exosomal protein that promote breast cancer metastasis. We found that tyrosine kinase EphA2 was enriched in Triple-negative breast cancer -derived exosomes and it could disrupt the endothelial monolayer barrier through downregulating tight junction proteins of endothelial cells. These mechanisms were confirmed by in vivo experiments. After periodical injection of exosomal EphA2 into mice caudal vein, we found increased vascular permeability and breast cancer metastases in distant organs, and this phenomenon decreased dramatically after exosomal EphA2 knockdown. This study provides a new mechanism of exosome promoting breast cancer metastasis and suggests a new therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Chunjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jiyang Dong
- Department of Electronic Science, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Dandan Tong
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 362021, Fujian, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
| | - Xinmei Kang
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
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21
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Zhang H, Chen B, Waliullah ASM, Aramaki S, Ping Y, Takanashi Y, Zhang C, Zhai Q, Yan J, Oyama S, Kahyo T, Setou M. A New Potential Therapeutic Target for Cancer in Ubiquitin-Like Proteins-UBL3. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021231. [PMID: 36674743 PMCID: PMC9863382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls) are involved in a variety of biological processes through the modification of proteins. Dysregulation of Ubl modifications is associated with various diseases, especially cancer. Ubiquitin-like protein 3 (UBL3), a type of Ubl, was revealed to be a key factor in the process of small extracellular vesicle (sEV) protein sorting and major histocompatibility complex class II ubiquitination. A variety of sEV proteins that affects cancer properties has been found to interact with UBL3. An increasing number of studies has implied that UBL3 expression affects cancer cell growth and cancer prognosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the relationship between various Ubls and cancers. We mainly introduce UBL3 and its functions and summarize the current findings of UBL3 and examine its potential as a therapeutic target in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengsen Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - A. S. M. Waliullah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Shuhei Aramaki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yashuang Ping
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takanashi
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics, Education & Research Center, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Qing Zhai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Soho Oyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics, Education & Research Center, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-053-435-2086; Fax: +81-053-435-2468
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22
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Ikeda K, Kaneko R, Tsukamoto E, Funahashi N, Koshikawa N. Proteolytic cleavage of membrane proteins by membrane type-1 MMP regulates cancer malignant progression. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:348-356. [PMID: 36336966 PMCID: PMC9899627 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies to develop cancer therapies using inhibitors that target matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly membrane type-1 MMP (MT1-MMP), have failed. This is predominantly attributed to the specificity of MMP inhibitors and numerous functions of MMPs; therefore, targeting substrates with such broad specificity can lead to off-target effects. Thus, new drug development for cancer therapeutics should focus on the ability of MT1-MMP to break down substrates, such as functional cell membrane proteins, to regulate the functions of these proteins that promote tumor malignancy. In this review, we discuss the mechanism by which proteolysis of cell surface proteins by MT1-MMP promotes progression of malignant tumor cells. In addition, we discuss the two protein fragments generated by limited cleavage of erythropoietin-producing hepatoma receptor tyrosine kinase A2 (EphA2-NF, -CF), which represent a promising basis for developing new cancer therapies and diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Ikeda
- Department of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Ryo Kaneko
- Department of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Eiki Tsukamoto
- Department of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Nobuaki Funahashi
- Department of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Naohiko Koshikawa
- Department of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan,Clinical Proteomics LaboratoryKanagawa Cancer Center Research InstituteYokohamaJapan
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23
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Fahmi A, Abdur-Rahman M, Mahareek O, shemis MA. Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-loaded polycaprolactone nanocapsules as controlled anti-hepatocellular carcinoma drug release system. BMC Chem 2022; 16:95. [DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00888-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Free doxorubicin (Dox) is used as a chemotherapeutic agent against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but it results in cardiotoxicty as a major side effect. Hence, a controlled Dox drug delivery system is extremely demanded.
Methods
Dox was loaded into the non-toxic biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) nanocapsules using the double emulsion method. Characterization of Dox-PCL nanocapsules was done using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity were quantified using UV–visible spectrophotometry. Drug release was investigated in vitro at both normal (7.4) and cancer (4.8) pHs. Cytotoxicity of Dox-PCL nanocapsules against free Dox was evaluated using the MTT test on normal (Vero) and hepatic cancer (HepG2) cell lines.
Results
Spherical nanocapsules (212 ± 2 nm) were succeffully prepared with a zeta potential of (-22.3 ± 2 mv) and a polydisperse index of (0.019 ± 0.01) with a narrow size distribution pattern. The encapsulation efficiency was (73.15 ± 4%) with a drug loading capacity of (16.88 ± 2%). Importantlly, Dox-release from nanocapsules was faster at cancer pH (98%) than at physiological pH (26%). Moreover, although Dox-PCL nanocapsules were less toxic on the normal cell line (GI 50 = 17.99 ± 8.62 µg/ml) than free Dox (GI 50 = 16.53 ± 1.06 µg/ml), the encapsulated Dox showed higher toxic effect on cancer HepG2 cells compared to that caused by the free drug (GI 50 = 2.46 ± 0.49 and 4.22 ± 0.04 µg/ml, respectively).
Conclusion
The constructed Dox-PCL nanocapsules constitute a potentially controlled anti-HCC therapy with minimal systemic exposure.
Graphical Abstract
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24
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Zuo X, Ren S, Zhang H, Tian J, Tian R, Han B, Liu H, Dong Q, Wang Z, Cui Y, Niu R, Zhang F. Chemotherapy induces ACE2 expression in breast cancer via the ROS-AKT-HIF-1α signaling pathway: a potential prognostic marker for breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. J Transl Med 2022; 20:509. [PMID: 36335375 PMCID: PMC9636712 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key enzyme of the renin-angiotensin system and a well-known functional receptor for the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into host cells. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought ACE2 into the spotlight, and ACE2 expression in tumors and its relationship with SARS-COV-2 infection and prognosis of cancer patients have received extensive attention. However, the association between ACE2 expression and tumor therapy and prognosis, especially in breast cancer, remains ambiguous and requires further investigation. We have previously reported that ACE2 is elevated in drug-resistant breast cancer cells, but the exact function of ACE2 in drug resistance and progression of this malignant disease has not been explored. Methods The expression of ACE2 and HIF-1α in parental and drug-resistant breast cancer cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions was analyzed by Western blot and qRT-PCR methods. The protein levels of ACE2 in plasma samples from breast cancer patients were examined by ELISA. The relationship between ACE2 expression and breast cancer treatment and prognosis was analyzed using clinical specimens and public databases. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in breast cancer cells were measured by using a fluorescent probe. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or lentivirus-mediated shRNA was used to silence ACE2 and HIF-1α expression in cellular models. The effect of ACE2 knockdown on drug resistance in breast cancer was determined by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8)-based assay, colony formation assay, apoptosis and EdU assay. Results ACE2 expression is relatively low in breast cancer cells, but increases rapidly and specifically after exposure to anticancer drugs, and remains high after resistance is acquired. Mechanistically, chemotherapeutic agents increase ACE2 expression in breast cancer cells by inducing intracellular ROS production, and increased ROS levels enhance AKT phosphorylation and subsequently increase HIF-1α expression, which in turn upregulates ACE2 expression. Although ACE2 levels in plasma and cancer tissues are lower in breast cancer patients compared with healthy controls, elevated ACE2 in patients after chemotherapy is a predictor of poor treatment response and an unfavorable prognostic factor for survival in breast cancer patients. Conclusion ACE2 is a gene in breast cancer cells that responds rapidly to chemotherapeutic agents through the ROS-AKT-HIF-1α axis. Elevated ACE2 modulates the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to anticancer drugs by optimizing the balance of intracellular ROS. Moreover, increased ACE2 is not only a predictor of poor response to chemotherapy, but is also associated with a worse prognosis in breast cancer patients. Thus, our findings provide novel insights into the spatiotemporal differences in the function of ACE2 in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03716-w.
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25
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Yang L, Jin WQ, Tang XL, Zhang S, Ma R, Zhao DQ, Sun LW. Ginseng-derived nanoparticles inhibit lung cancer cell epithelial mesenchymal transition by repressing pentose phosphate pathway activity. Front Oncol 2022; 12:942020. [PMID: 36059624 PMCID: PMC9428604 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.942020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether ginseng-derived nanoparticles (GDNPs) can prevent tumor cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we describe typical characteristics of GDNPs and possible underlying mechanisms for GDNP antitumor activities. First, GDNPs particle sizes and morphology were determined using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively, while cellular uptake of PKH67-labeled GDNPs was also assessed. Next, we evaluated GDNPs antitumor effects by determining whether GDNPs inhibited proliferation and migration of five tumor cell lines derived from different cell types. The results indicated that GDNPs most significantly inhibited proliferation and migration of lung cancer-derived tumor cells (A549, NCI-H1299). Moreover, GDNPs treatment also inhibited cell migration, invasion, clonal formation, and adhesion tube formation ability and reduced expression of EMT-related markers in A549 and NCI-H1299 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, Kaplan-Meier analysis of microarray data revealed that high-level thymidine phosphorylase (TP) production, which is associated with poor lung cancer prognosis, was inhibited by GDNPs treatment, as reflected by decreased secretion of overexpressed TP and downregulation of TP mRNA-level expression. In addition, proteomic analysis results indicated that GDNPs affected pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activity, with ELISA results confirming that GDNPs significantly reduced levels of PPP metabolic intermediates. Results of this study also demonstrated that GDNPs-induced downregulation of TP expression led to PPP pathway inhibition and repression of lung cancer cell metastasis, warranting further studies of nano-drugs as a new and promising class of anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wen-qi Jin
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-lei Tang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Da-qing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Li-wei Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
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26
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Meng L, Song K, Li S, Kang Y. Exosomes: Small Vesicles with Important Roles in the Development, Metastasis and Treatment of Breast Cancer. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12080775. [PMID: 36005690 PMCID: PMC9414313 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has now overtaken lung cancer as the most common cancer, while no biopredictive marker isolated from biological fluids has yet emerged clinically. After traditional chemotherapy, with the huge side effects brought by drugs, patients also suffer from the double affliction of drugs to the body while fighting cancer, and they often quickly develop drug resistance after the drug, leading to a poor prognosis. And the treatment of some breast cancer subtypes, such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), is even more difficult. Exosomes (Exos), which are naturally occurring extracellular vesicles (EVs) with nanoscale acellular structures ranging in diameter from 40 to 160 nm, can be isolated from various biological fluids and have been widely studied because they are derived from the cell membrane, have extremely small diameter, and are widely involved in various biological activities of the body. It can be used directly or modified to make derivatives or to make some analogs for the treatment of breast cancer. This review will focus on the involvement of exosomes in breast cancer initiation, progression, invasion as well as metastasis and the therapeutic role of exosomes in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling’ao Meng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Kedong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yue Kang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (Y.K.)
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27
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Qu B, Han Y, Liang T, Zhang C, Hou G, Gao F. Evaluation of a novel EphA2 targeting peptide for triple negative breast cancer based on radionuclide molecular imaging. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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28
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Tomiyama E, Fujita K, Matsuzaki K, Narumi R, Yamamoto A, Uemura T, Yamamichi G, Koh Y, Matsushita M, Hayashi Y, Hashimoto M, Banno E, Kato T, Hatano K, Kawashima A, Uemura M, Ukekawa R, Takao T, Takada S, Uemura H, Adachi J, Tomonaga T, Nonomura N. EphA2 on urinary extracellular vesicles as a novel biomarker for bladder cancer diagnosis and its effect on the invasiveness of bladder cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1312-1323. [PMID: 35794239 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) secreted from bladder cancer contain cancer-specific proteins that are potential diagnostic biomarkers. We identified and evaluated a uEV-based protein biomarker for bladder cancer diagnosis and analysed its functions. METHODS Biomarker candidates, selected by shotgun proteomics, were validated using targeted proteomics of uEVs obtained from 49 patients with and 48 individuals without bladder cancer, including patients with non-malignant haematuria. We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantifying the uEV protein biomarker without ultracentrifugation and evaluated urine samples from 36 patients with and 36 patients without bladder cancer. RESULTS Thirteen membrane proteins were significantly upregulated in the uEVs from patients with bladder cancer in shotgun proteomics. Among them, eight proteins were validated by target proteomics, and Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2) was the only protein significantly upregulated in the uEVs of patients with bladder cancer, compared with that of patients with non-malignant haematuria. The EV-EphA2-CD9 ELISA demonstrated good diagnostic performance (sensitivity: 61.1%, specificity: 97.2%). We showed that EphA2 promotes proliferation, invasion and migration and EV-EphA2 promotes the invasion and migration of bladder cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS We established EV-EphA2-CD9 ELISA for uEV-EphA2 detection for the non-invasive early clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Tomiyama
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Kyosuke Matsuzaki
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryohei Narumi
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Akinaru Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Uemura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Gaku Yamamichi
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoko Koh
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsushita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Hashimoto
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Eri Banno
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Taigo Kato
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Hatano
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsunari Kawashima
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Motohide Uemura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Ukekawa
- FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Takata-cho, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 661-0963, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takao
- Department of Urology, Osaka General Medical Center, Bandai-higashi, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8558, Japan
| | - Shingo Takada
- Department of Urology, Osaka Police Hospital, Kitayama-cho, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, 543-0035, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Uemura
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Cheng J, Wang X, Yuan X, Liu G, Chu Q. Emerging roles of exosome-derived biomarkers in cancer theranostics: messages from novel protein targets. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2226-2248. [PMID: 35693088 PMCID: PMC9185602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective biomarkers that guide therapeutics with limited adverse effects, have emerged as attractive research topics in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cancer-derived exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles representing molecular signatures of cells of origin, could serve as stable reservoirs for potential biomarkers (i.e., proteins, nucleic acids) in non-invasive cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, the physiological and pathological roles of exosomes and their protein components in facilitating tumorigenesis are highlighted. Exosomes carrying proteins can participate in tumor development and progression through multiple signaling pathways, including EMT, invasion and metastasis. Meanwhile, the practical applications of exosomal proteins in detecting and monitoring several solid-tumor cancers (including lung, breast, pancreatic, colorectal and prostate cancers) were also summarized. More clinically relevant, exosomal proteins play pivotal roles in transmitting oncogenic potential or resistance to therapies in recipient cells, which might further support therapeutic strategy determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongjia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Nanjing, Nanjing Xiaozhuang UniversityNanjing 211171, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Nanjing, Nanjing Xiaozhuang UniversityNanjing 211171, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuechun Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Nanjing, Nanjing Xiaozhuang UniversityNanjing 211171, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
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30
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Shi Y, Qiu B, Huang L, Lin J, Li Y, Ze Y, Huang C, Yao Y. Exosomes and ferroptosis: roles in tumour regulation and new cancer therapies. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13238. [PMID: 35497192 PMCID: PMC9053300 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the biological role of exosomes is rapidly developing, and recent evidence suggests that exosomal effects involve ferroptosis. Exosomes derived from different tissues inhibit ferroptosis, which increases tumour cell chemoresistance. Therefore, exosome-mediated regulation of ferroptosis may be leveraged to design anticancer drugs. This review discusses three pathways of exosome-mediated inhibition of ferroptosis: (1) the Fenton reaction; (2) the ferroptosis defence system, including the Xc-GSH-GPX4 axis and the FSP1/CoQ10/NAD(P)H axis; and (3) lipid peroxidation. We also summarize three recent approaches for combining exosomes and ferroptosis in oncology therapy: (1) promoting exosome-inhibited ferroptosis to enhance chemotherapy; (2) encapsulating exosomes with ferroptosis inducers to inhibit cancers; and (3) developing therapies that combine exosomal inhibitors and ferroptosis inducers. This review will contribute toward establishing effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingrun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiting Ze
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenglong Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Goutas D, Pergaris A, Goutas N, Theocharis S. Utilizing Exosomal-EPHs/Ephrins as Biomarkers and as a Potential Platform for Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Exosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073551. [PMID: 35408909 PMCID: PMC8998366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-secreted nanoparticles containing various molecules including small vesicles, microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger RNAs or bioactive proteins which are thought to be of paramount importance for intercellular communication. The unique effects of exosomes in terms of cell penetration capacity, decreased immunogenicity and inherent stability, along with their key role in mediating information exchange among tumor cells and their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), render them a promising platform for drug targeted delivery. Compared to synthetic drugs, exosomes boast a plethora of advantages, including higher biocompatibility, lower toxicity and increased ability of tissue infiltration. Nevertheless, the use of artificial exosomes can be limited in practice, partly due to their poor targeting ability and partly due to their limited efficacy. Therefore, efforts have been made to engineer stem cell-derived exosomes in order to increase selectiveness and effectivity, which can then become loaded with various active substances depending on the therapeutic approach followed. Erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular receptors (EPHs), along with their ligands, the EPH family receptor interacting proteins (ephrins), have been extensively investigated for their key roles in both physiology and cancer pathogenesis. EPHs/ephrins exhibit both tumorigenic and tumor suppressing properties, with their targeting representing a promising, novel therapeutic approach in cancer patients’ management. In our review, the use of ephrin-loaded exosomes as a potential therapeutic targeted delivery system in cancer will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Goutas
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexandros Pergaris
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Goutas
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (S.T.)
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Brena D, Huang MB, Bond V. Extracellular vesicle-mediated transport: Reprogramming a tumor microenvironment conducive with breast cancer progression and metastasis. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101286. [PMID: 34839106 PMCID: PMC8636863 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles’ (EVs) role in breast tumor microenvironment and pre-metastatic niche development. Breast cancer EV-mediated transmission of pro-metastatic and drug-resistant phenotypes. Precision medicine with EVs as biomarkers and delivery vehicles for drug and anticancer genetic material.
Breast cancer metastatic progression to critical secondary sites is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. While existing therapies are highly effective in combating primary tumors, metastatic disease is generally deemed incurable with a median survival of only 2, 3 years. Extensive efforts have focused on identifying metastatic contributory targets for therapeutic antagonism and prevention to improve patient survivability. Excessive breast cancer release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), whose contents stimulate a metastatic phenotype, represents a promising target. Complex breast cancer intercellular communication networks are based on EV transport and transference of molecular information is in bulk resulting in complete reprogramming events within recipient cells. Other breast cancer cells can acquire aggressive phenotypes, endothelial cells can be induced to undergo tubule formation, and immune cells can be neutralized. Recent advancements continue to implicate the critical role EVs play in cultivating a tumor microenvironment tailored to cancer proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion, and conference of drug resistance. This literature review serves to frame the role of EV transport in breast cancer progression and metastasis. The following five sections will be addressed: (1) Intercellular communication in developing a tumor microenvironment & pre-metastatic niche. (2) Induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (3). Immune suppression & evasion. (4) Transmission of drug resistance mechanisms. (5) Precision medicine: clinical applications of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara Brena
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, United States
| | - Ming-Bo Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, United States.
| | - Vincent Bond
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, United States
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Zhou Z, Jiang N, Chen J, Zheng C, Guo Y, Ye R, Qi R, Shen J. Selectively down-regulated PD-L1 by albumin-phenformin nanoparticles mediated mitochondrial dysfunction to stimulate tumor-specific immunological response for enhanced mild-temperature photothermal efficacy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:375. [PMID: 34794446 PMCID: PMC8600872 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mild-temperature photothermal therapy (mild-PTT) has emerged as a highly promising antitumor strategy by triggering immunogenic cell death (ICD) to elicit both innate and adaptive immune responses for tumor control. However, mild-PTT still leads to the risk of tumor recurrence or metastasis because it could hardly completely eradicate tumors due to its impaired immunological efficacy owing to the enhanced PD-L1 expression in tumor cells after treatment. Results In this study, we described a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) responsive manganese dioxide mineralized albumin nanocomposite loading with mitochondria function inhibitor phenformin (PM) and near-infrared photothermal dye indocyanine green (ICG) by modified two-step biomineralization method. In combination with ICG induced mild-PTT and PM mediated mitochondria dysfunction, PD-L1 expression was obviously down-regulated and the generated immunological responses was able to effectively attack the remaining tumor cells. Meanwhile, the risk of tumor metastasis was effectively inhibited by reducing the expression of tumor invasion-related signal molecules (TGF-β and vimentin) after combining treatment. Conclusion Such a strategy offers novel insight into the development of nanomedicine for mild-PTT as well as cancer immunotherapy, which can provide protection against tumor relapse post elimination of their initial and metastatic tumors. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01124-8. Over-expression of PD-L1 after mild-photothermal therapy significantly limited its efficacy. Phenformin could effectively downregulate PD-L1 expression and inhibit tumor metastasis through AMPK activation. Hydrogen peroxide responsive manganese dioxide mineralized albumin nanocomplex co-loading with phenformin and ICG named ICG@PM@NP was constructed by modified two-step biomineralization method. ICG@PM@NP could enhance T cell infiltration and antitumor metastasis in vivo. ICG@PM@NP mediated mild-photothermal therapy could make up the defects of conventional mild-photothermal therapy in lacking the anti-metastasis ability and inducing enhanced PD-L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaigang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jiashe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Chunjuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ruirong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Ruogu Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jianliang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China. .,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China. .,Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, 325001, Zhejiang, China.
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Massey AE, Malik S, Sikander M, Doxtater KA, Tripathi MK, Khan S, Yallapu MM, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC, Hafeez BB. Clinical Implications of Exosomes: Targeted Drug Delivery for Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105278. [PMID: 34067896 PMCID: PMC8156384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles generated by cells for intercellular communication. Due to their composition, significant research has been conducted to transform these particles into specific delivery systems for various disease states. In this review, we discuss the common isolation and loading methods of exosomes, some of the major roles of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment, as well as discuss recent applications of exosomes as drug delivery vessels and the resulting clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Massey
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Shabnam Malik
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.M.); (M.S.); (K.A.D.); (M.K.T.); (S.K.); (M.M.Y.); (M.J.)
| | - Mohammad Sikander
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.M.); (M.S.); (K.A.D.); (M.K.T.); (S.K.); (M.M.Y.); (M.J.)
| | - Kyle A. Doxtater
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.M.); (M.S.); (K.A.D.); (M.K.T.); (S.K.); (M.M.Y.); (M.J.)
| | - Manish K. Tripathi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.M.); (M.S.); (K.A.D.); (M.K.T.); (S.K.); (M.M.Y.); (M.J.)
| | - Sheema Khan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.M.); (M.S.); (K.A.D.); (M.K.T.); (S.K.); (M.M.Y.); (M.J.)
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.M.); (M.S.); (K.A.D.); (M.K.T.); (S.K.); (M.M.Y.); (M.J.)
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.M.); (M.S.); (K.A.D.); (M.K.T.); (S.K.); (M.M.Y.); (M.J.)
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.M.); (M.S.); (K.A.D.); (M.K.T.); (S.K.); (M.M.Y.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.C.); (B.B.H.)
| | - Bilal B. Hafeez
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.M.); (M.S.); (K.A.D.); (M.K.T.); (S.K.); (M.M.Y.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.C.); (B.B.H.)
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