LncRNA BC200/miR-150-5p/MYB positive feedback loop promotes the malignant proliferation of myelodysplastic syndrome

RSL3 enhances ROS-mediated cell apoptosis of myelodysplastic syndrome cells through MYB/Bcl-2 signaling pathway

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematopoietic malignancies and seriously threaten people's health. Current therapies include bone marrow transplantation and several hypomethylating agents. However, many elderly patients cannot benefit from bone marrow transplantation and many patients develop drug resistance to hypomethylating agents, making it urgent to explore novel therapy. RSL3 can effectively induce ferroptosis in various tumors and combination of RSL3 and hypomethylating agents is promising to treat many tumors. However, its effect in MDS was unknown. In this study, we found that RSL3 inhibited MDS cell proliferation through inducing ROS-dependent apoptosis. RSL3 inhibited Bcl-2 expression and increased caspase 3 and PARP cleavage. RNA-seq analysis revealed that MYB may be a potential target of RSL3. Rescue experiments showed that overexpression of MYB can rescue MDS cell proliferation inhibition caused by RSL3. Cellular thermal shift assay showed that RSL3 binds to MYB to exert its function. Furthermore, RSL3 inhibited tumor growth and decreased MYB and Bcl-2 expression in vivo. More importantly, RSL3 decreased the viability of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) isolated from MDS patients, and RSL3 had a synergistic effect with DAC in MDS cells. Our studies have uncovered RSL3 as a promising compound and MYB/Bcl-2 signaling pathway as a potential target for MDS treatment.

LncRNA BCYRN1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target and Diagnostic Marker in Serum Exosomes in Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer (BC) is a common genitourinary malignancy that exhibits silent morbidity and high mortality rates because of a lack of diagnostic markers and limited effective treatments. Here, we evaluated the role of the lncRNA brain cytoplasmic RNA 1 (BCYRN1) in BC. We performed loss-of-function assays to examine the effects of BCYRN1 downregulation in T24 and BOY BC cells. We found that BCYRN1 downregulation significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and three-dimensional spheroid formation ability and induced apoptosis in BC cells. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using RNA sequences from tumor fractions showed that BCYRN1 downregulation decreased the expression of mRNAs associated with the cell cycle. These findings were supported by observations of G2/M arrest in flow cytometry assays. Finally, we examined the expression of serum exosomal BCYRN1 as a biomarker. Clinically, BCYRN1 expression in serum exosomes from patients with BC (n = 31) was significantly higher than that in healthy donors (n = 19; mean difference: 4.1-fold higher, p < 0.01). Moreover, in patients who had undergone complete resection of BC, serum exosomal BCYRN1 levels were significantly decreased (n = 8). Thus, serum exosomal BCYRN1 may be a promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in patients with BC.

DHRS4-AS1 regulate gastric cancer apoptosis and cell proliferation by destabilizing DHX9 and inhibited the association between DHX9 and ILF3

Gastric cancer (GC) causes millions of cancer-related deaths due to anti-apoptosis and rapid proliferation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying GC cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis remain unclear. The expression levels of DHRS4-AS1 in GC were analyzed based on GEO database and recruited GC patients in our institution. We found that DHRS4-AS1 was significantly downregulated in GC. The expression of DHRS4-AS1 in GC tissues showed a significant correlation with tumor size, advanced pathological stage, and vascular invasion. Moreover, DHRS4-AS1 levels in GC tissues were significantly associated with prognosis. DHRS4-AS1 markedly inhibited GC cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in vitro and in vivo assays. Mechanically, We found that DHRS4-AS1 bound to pro-oncogenic DHX9 (DExH-box helicase 9) and recruit the E3 ligase MDM2 that contributed to DHX9 degradation. We also confirmed that DHRS4-AS1 inhibited DHX9-mediated cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis. Furthermore, we found DHX9 interact with ILF3 (Interleukin enhancer Binding Factor 3) and activate NF-kB Signaling in a ILF3-dependent Manner. Moreover, DHRS4-AS1 can also inhibit the association between DHX9 and ILF3 thereby interfered the activation of the signaling pathway. Our results reveal new insights into mechanisms underlying GC progression and indicate that LncRNA DHRS4-AS1 could be a future therapeutic target and a biomarker for GC diagnosis.

The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Myelodysplastic Neoplasms

Myelodysplastic syndromes or neoplasms (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid clonal disorders characterized by peripheral blood cytopenias, blood and marrow cell dysplasia, and increased risk of evolution to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, serve as regulators of normal and malignant hematopoiesis and have been implicated in carcinogenesis. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the biology and role of non-coding RNAs, including the less studied circRNA, siRNA, piRNA, and snoRNA as potential prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers or therapeutic targets in MDS.

LncRNA NCK1-AS1-mediated regulatory functions in human diseases

Disease development requires the activation of complex multi-factor processes involving numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which describe non-protein-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides. Emerging evidence indicates that lncRNAs act as essential regulators that perform pivotal roles in the pathogenesis and progression of human diseases. The mechanisms underlying lncRNA involvement in diverse diseases have been extensively explored, and lncRNAs are considered powerful biomarkers for clinical practice. The lncRNA noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein 1 (NCK1) antisense 1 (NCK1-AS1), also known as NCK1 divergent transcript (NCK1-DT), is encoded on human chromosome 3q22.3 and produces a 27,274-base-long transcript. NCK1-AS1 has increasingly been characterized as a causative agent for multiple diseases. The abnormal expression and involvement of NCK1-AS1 in various biological processes have been associated with several diseases. Further exploration of the mechanisms through which NCK1-AS1 contributes to disease development and progression will provide a foundation for potential clinical applications of NCK1-AS1 in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. This review summarizes the current understanding of the various functions and mechanisms through which NCK1-AS1 contributes to various diseases and the clinical application prospects for NCK1-AS1.

RP11-79H23.3 Inhibits the Proliferation and Metastasis of Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Through Promoting miR-29c

Evidences indicate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely involved and contributed to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. As a novel lncRNA, RP11-79H23.3 was found to be an anti-oncogene in bladder cancer. However, the essential roles and functions of RP11-79H23.3 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be elucidated. Here, loss of functional assay was applied to gain insights into the functions of RP11-79H23.3 on the proliferation and metastasis capabilities of A549 and H1299 cells. Meantime, Real-time PCR was utilized to measure RP11-79H23.3 and miR-29c expression in NSCLC tissues. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, CCK8, colony formation assay, transwell and Western blot were performed to illustrate the potential molecular basis of RP11-79H23.3 in NSCLC. RP11-79H23.3 downregulation facilitated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC. The result of dual-luciferase reporter assay represented a direct interaction of RP11-79H23.3 with miR-29c, which suppressed miR-29c expression that showed inversely correlation in NSCLC. Moreover, RP11-79H23.3 siRNA facilitated the progression of NSCLC partially via regulating the expression of miR-29c and the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our findings highlighted that RP11-79H23.3, served as an anti-oncogene, accelerated NSCLC progression through sequestering miR-29c, providing a promising therapeutic target for NSCLC.