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Xu E, Gu H, Xu H. Validation of biomarkers and immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using bioinformatics and Mendelian randomization. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38687340 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2349952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To promote carcinogenesis through diverse molecular pathways involving dysregulation of gene expression and abnormalities. METHODS We employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to uncover causal relationships between genetic factors and HNSCC. We used the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method as the primary MR analysis, and validated the results through complementary approaches like MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and mode analyses. RESULTS Our analysis identified 2210 genes that are differentially expressed in head and neck cancer (HNSCC) compared to normal tissues. Within the protein interaction network, the genes IL1B, CXCL8, CXCL1, and CCL2 stood out as central hubs. Further investigation revealed that these key genes are involved in important biological processes like skin development, wound healing, and fat metabolism. Notably, our Mendelian randomization analysis provided evidence for a causal relationship between the expression of the IL1B gene and the development of HNSCC. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis identified 5 key genes - IL1B, CXCL8, CXCL1, CCL2, and IL1B - that show significant changes in expression in head and neck cancer. These genes could serve as important new biomarkers to help diagnose this disease and track how it progresses over time. Importantly, these genes are involved in regulating the immune system, suggesting that the body's immune response plays a critical role in head and neck cancer. This provides new avenues for future research to better understand the complex gene expression patterns underlying this type of cancer. Further investigation of these key genes and their regulatory networks could lead to important insights and potential new treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhong Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Naval Medical Center of People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Shanghai, China
| | - Huanhuan Gu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - He Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Li J, Ma R, Lv JL, Ren YS, Tan YJ, Wang HM, Wang ZE, Wang BS, Yu JN, Wang YL, Tian J, Zheng QS. Telocinobufagin, a PLK1 suppressor that inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by modulating CDC25c and CTCF in HNSCC cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 127:155440. [PMID: 38452691 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high metastasis and mortality rates of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) urgently require new treatment targets and drugs. A steroidal component of ChanSu, telocinobufagin (TBG), was verified to have anti-cancer effects in various tumors, but its activity and mechanism in anti-HNSCC were still unknown. PURPOSE This study tried to demonstrate the anti-tumor effect of TBG on HNSCC and verify its potential mechanism. METHODS The effect of TBG on cell proliferation and metastasis were performed and the TBG changed genes were detected by RNA-seq analysis in HNSCC cells. The GSEA and PPI analysis were used to identify the pathways targeted for TBG-regulated genes. Meanwhile, the mechanism of TBG on anti-proliferative and anti-metastasis were investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that TBG has favorable anti-tumor effects by induced G2/M phase arrest and suppressed metastasis in HNSCC cells. Further RNA-seq analysis demonstrated the genes regulated by TBG were enriched at the G2/M checkpoint and PLK1 signaling pathway. Then, the bioinformatic analysis of clinical data found that high expressed PLK1 were closely associated with poor overall survival in HNSCC patients. Furthermore, PLK1 directly and indirectly modulated G2/M phase and metastasis (by regulated CTCF) in HNSCC cells, simultaneously. TBG significantly inhibited the protein levels of PLK1 in both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms and then, in one way, inactivated PLK1 failed to activate G2/M phase-related proteins (including CDK1, CDC25c, and cyclin B1). In another way, be inhibited PLK1 unable promote the nuclear translocation of CTCF and thus suppressed HNSC cell metastasis. In contrast, the anti-proliferative and anti-metastasis effects of TBG on HNSCC cell were vanished when cells high-expressed PLK1. CONCLUSION The present study verified that PLK1 mediated TBG induced anti-tumor effect by modulated G2/M phase and metastasis in HNSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Ru Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jun-Lin Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yu-Shan Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; Department of Immunology, Medicine & Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yu-Jun Tan
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Hao-Mai Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Zhui-En Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Bin-Sheng Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jia-Ning Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yu-Liang Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Jun Tian
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Qiu-Sheng Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
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3
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Wu Y, Ma Y. CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis in obesity and metabolic diseases. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31192. [PMID: 38284280 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular ailments, represent formidable global health challenges, bearing considerable implications for both morbidity and mortality rates. It has become increasingly evident that chronic, low-grade inflammation plays a pivotal role in the genesis and advancement of these conditions. The involvement of C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and its corresponding receptor, C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), has been extensively documented in numerous inflammatory maladies. Recent evidence indicates that the CCL2/CCR2 pathway extends beyond immune cell recruitment and inflammation, exerting a notable influence on the genesis and progression of metabolic syndrome. The present review seeks to furnish a comprehensive exposition of the CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis within the context of obesity and metabolic disorders, elucidating its molecular mechanisms, functional roles, and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanchun Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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4
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Coperchini F, Greco A, Croce L, Pignatti P, Muzza M, Petrosino E, Teliti M, Magri F, Rotondi M. Canagliflozin reduces thyroid cancer cells migration in vitro by inhibiting CXCL8 and CCL2: An additional anti-tumor effect of the drug. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115974. [PMID: 38056240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Canagliflozin exert anti-cancer effects in several types of cancer including thyroid cancer (TC). However, whether it could modulate chemokines secreted in TC microenvironment is still unknown. The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether Canagliflozin could inhibit pro-tumorigenic chemokines CXCL8 and CCL2 and/or the TC cell migration induced by them. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TC cell lines, TPC-1 and 8505C, HUVEC and normal thyroid cells NHT were treated with increasing concentrations of Canagliflozin. Viability was assessed by WST-1 and colony formation/proliferation by cristal violet. Chemokines were measured in cell supernatants by ELISA. mRNAs were evaluated by RT-PCR. TC migration (trans-well) and HUVEC proliferation (cristal violet) were assessed by treating cells with Canagliflozin alone or in combination with CXCL8 or CCL2. RESULTS Canagliflozin reduced TC, HUVEC and NHT cells viability. The ability to form colonies of TC and the HUVEC proliferation (basal and CXCL8 or CCL2-induced) was also inhibited. mRNA and the secretion of CXCL8 was reduced in all cell types. The secretion of CCL2 was reduced by Canagliflozin in all cell types whereas its mRNA levels were reduced only in TPC-1. IL-6 was reduced in all cell types, while CXCL10 increased. More interestingly the CXCL8 and CCL2-induced TC cell migration as well as HUVEC proliferation was inhibited by Canagliflozin in both cell types. CONCLUSION Canagliflozin exerts anti-cancer effects not only by reducing TC viability or colonies formation, but also by modulating two pro-tumorigenic chemokines resulting in reduced TC cells migration. These results expand the spectrum of canagliflozin-promoted anti-cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coperchini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Alessia Greco
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Croce
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pignatti
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marina Muzza
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Petrosino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Marsida Teliti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Flavia Magri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Rotondi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Chen Y, Wu Y, Feng W, Luo X, Xiao B, Ding X, Gu Y, Lu Y, Yu Y. Vav2 promotes ductus arteriosus anatomic closure via the remodeling of smooth muscle cells by Rac1 activation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1567-1585. [PMID: 37804474 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The ductus arteriosus (DA), bridging the aorta and pulmonary artery, immediately starts closing after birth. Remodeling of DA leads to anatomic obstruction to prevent repatency. Several histological changes, especially extracellular matrices (ECMs) deposition and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) migration bring to anatomic closure. The genetic etiology and mechanism of DA closure remain elusive. We have previously reported a novel copy number variant containing Vav2 in patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) patients, but its specific role in DA closure remains unknown. The present study revealed that the expression of Vav2 was reduced in human patent DA, and it was less enrichment in the adjacent aorta. Matrigel experiments demonstrated that Vav2 could promote SMC migration from PDA patient explants. Smooth muscle cells with Vav2 overexpression also presented an increased capacity in migration and downregulated contractile-related proteins. Meanwhile, SMCs with Vav2 overexpression exhibited higher expression of collagen III and lessened protein abundance of lysyl oxidase, and both changes are beneficial to DA remodeling. Overexpression of Vav2 resulted in increased activity of Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA in SMCs. Further investigation noteworthily found that the above alterations caused by Vav2 overexpression were particularly reversed by Rac1 inhibitor. A heterozygous, rare Vav2 variant was identified in PDA patients. Compared with the wild type, this variant attenuated Vav2 protein expression and weakened the activation of downstream Rac1, further impairing its functions in SMCs. In conclusion, Vav2 functions as an activator for Rac1 in SMCs to promote SMCs migration, dedifferentiation, and ECMs production. Deleterious variant potentially induces Vav2 loss of function, further providing possible molecular mechanisms about Vav2 in PDA pathogenesis. These findings enriched the current genetic etiology of PDA, which may provide a novel target for prenatal diagnosis and treatment. KEY MESSAGES: Although we have proposed the potential association between Vav2 and PDA incidence through whole exome sequencing, the molecular mechanisms underlying Vav2 in PDA have never been reported. This work, for the first time, demonstrated that Vav2 was exclusively expressed in closed DAs. Moreover, we found that Vav2 participated in the process of anatomic closure by mediating SMCs migration, dedifferentiation, and ECMs deposition through Rac1 activation. Our findings first identified a deleterious Vav2 c.701C>T variant that affected its function in SMCs by impairing Rac1 activation, which may lead to PDA defect. Vav2 may become an early diagnosis and an effective intervention target for PDA clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Chen
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yizhuo Wu
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Weiqi Feng
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xueyang Luo
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaowei Ding
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yongjia Gu
- Department of Stomatology, Shidong Hospital of Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Yanan Lu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yu Yu
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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6
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Bomfim GF, Priviero F, Poole E, Tostes RC, Sinclair JH, Stamou D, Uline MJ, Wills MR, Webb RC. Cytomegalovirus and Cardiovascular Disease: A Hypothetical Role for Viral G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2023; 36:471-480. [PMID: 37148218 PMCID: PMC10403975 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the β-herpesviruses and is ubiquitous, infecting 50%-99% of the human population depending on ethnic and socioeconomic conditions. CMV establishes lifelong, latent infections in their host. Spontaneous reactivation of CMV is usually asymptomatic, but reactivation events in immunocompromised or immunosuppressed individuals can lead to severe morbidity and mortality. Moreover, herpesvirus infections have been associated with several cardiovascular and post-transplant diseases (stroke, atherosclerosis, post-transplant vasculopathy, and hypertension). Herpesviruses, including CMV, encode viral G-protein-coupled receptors (vGPCRs) that alter the host cell by hijacking signaling pathways that play important roles in the viral life cycle and these cardiovascular diseases. In this brief review, we discuss the pharmacology and signaling properties of these vGPCRs, and their contribution to hypertension. Overall, these vGPCRs can be considered attractive targets moving forward in the development of novel hypertensive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele F Bomfim
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, campus Sinop (UFMT), Sinop, MT, Brazil
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Fernanda Priviero
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Emma Poole
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - John H Sinclair
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Mark J Uline
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mark R Wills
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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7
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Ricco N, Kron SJ. Statins in Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3948. [PMID: 37568764 PMCID: PMC10417177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins, a class of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors best known for their cholesterol-reducing and cardiovascular protective activity, have also demonstrated promise in cancer prevention and treatment. This review focuses on their potential applications in head and neck cancer (HNC), a common malignancy for which established treatment often fails despite incurring debilitating adverse effects. Preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that statins may enhance HNC sensitivity to radiation and other conventional therapies while protecting normal tissue, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined, likely involving both cholesterol-dependent and -independent effects on diverse cancer-related pathways. This review brings together recent discoveries concerning the anticancer activity of statins relevant to HNC, highlighting their anti-inflammatory activity and impacts on DNA-damage response. We also explore molecular targets and mechanisms and discuss the potential to integrate statins into conventional HNC treatment regimens to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ricco
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Stephen J. Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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8
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Effer B, Perez I, Ulloa D, Mayer C, Muñoz F, Bustos D, Rojas C, Manterola C, Vergara-Gómez L, Dappolonnio C, Weber H, Leal P. Therapeutic Targets of Monoclonal Antibodies Used in the Treatment of Cancer: Current and Emerging. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2086. [PMID: 37509725 PMCID: PMC10377242 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading global causes of death and disease, and treatment options are constantly evolving. In this sense, the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in immunotherapy has been considered a fundamental aspect of modern cancer therapy. In order to avoid collateral damage, it is indispensable to identify specific molecular targets or biomarkers of therapy and/or diagnosis (theragnostic) when designing an appropriate immunotherapeutic regimen for any type of cancer. Furthermore, it is important to understand the currently employed mAbs in immunotherapy and their mechanisms of action in combating cancer. To achieve this, a comprehensive understanding of the biology of cancer cell antigens, domains, and functions is necessary, including both those presently utilized and those emerging as potential targets for the design of new mAbs in cancer treatment. This review aims to provide a description of the therapeutic targets utilized in cancer immunotherapy over the past 5 years, as well as emerging targets that hold promise as potential therapeutic options in the application of mAbs for immunotherapy. Additionally, the review explores the mechanisms of actin of the currently employed mAbs in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Effer
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Isabela Perez
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Daniel Ulloa
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Carolyn Mayer
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Francisca Muñoz
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Diego Bustos
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Claudio Rojas
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Morfológicos y Quirúrgicos de La, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Carlos Manterola
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Morfológicos y Quirúrgicos de La, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Luis Vergara-Gómez
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Camila Dappolonnio
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Helga Weber
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
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9
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Khabipov A, Trung DN, van der Linde J, Miebach L, Lenz M, Erne F, von Bernstorff W, Schulze T, Kersting S, Bekeschus S, Partecke LI. CCR4 Blockade Diminishes Intratumoral Macrophage Recruitment and Augments Survival of Syngeneic Pancreatic Cancer-Bearing Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1517. [PMID: 37371612 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is known for its tumor microenvironment (TME), which is rich in stromal and immune cells supporting cancer growth and therapy resistance. In particular, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are known for their angiogenesis- and metastasis-promoting properties, which lead to the failure of conventional therapies for pancreatic cancer. Hence, treatment options targeting TAMs are needed. The C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) is critical for immune cell recruitment into the TME, and in this paper we explore the effects of its genetic or immunotherapeutic blockade in pancreatic-cancer-bearing mice. Murine PDA6606 pancreatic cancer cells and murine peritoneal macrophages were used for in vitro migration assays. In vivo, a syngeneic, orthotropic pancreatic cancer model was established. Tumor growth and survival were monitored under prophylactic and therapeutic application of a CCR4 antagonist (AF-399/420/18025) in wildtype (CCR4wt) and CCR4-knockout (CCR4-/-) mice. Immune infiltration was monitored in tumor tissue sections and via flow cytometry of lysed tumors. PDA6606 cells induced less migration in CCR4-/- than in CCR4wt macrophages in vitro. Pancreatic TAM infiltration was higher, and survival was reduced in CCR4wt mice compared to CCR4-/- mice. Antagonizing CCR4 in wildtype mice revealed similar results as in CCR4-/- mice without antagonization. Prophylactic CCR4 antagonist application in wildtype mice was more efficient than therapeutic antagonization. CCR4 seems to be critically involved in TAM generation and tumor progression in pancreatic cancer. CCR4 blockade may help prolong the relapse-free period after curative surgery in pancreatic cancer and improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydar Khabipov
- Department of General, Thoracic, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dung Nguyen Trung
- Department of General, Thoracic, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia van der Linde
- Department of General, Thoracic, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lea Miebach
- Department of General, Thoracic, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maik Lenz
- Department of General, Thoracic, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Erne
- Department of General, Thoracic, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfram von Bernstorff
- Department of General, Thoracic, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tobias Schulze
- Department of General, Thoracic, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Kersting
- Department of General, Thoracic, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Lars Ivo Partecke
- Department of General, Thoracic, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, Helios Clinic Schleswig, St. Jurgener Str. 1-3, 24837 Schleswig, Germany
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10
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Wang Q, Zhao Y, Wang F, Tan G. Clustering and machine learning-based integration identify cancer associated fibroblasts genes’ signature in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1111816. [PMID: 37065499 PMCID: PMC10098459 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A hallmark signature of the tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is abundantly infiltration of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which facilitate HNSCC progression. However, some clinical trials showed targeted CAFs ended in failure, even accelerated cancer progression. Therefore, comprehensive exploration of CAFs should solve the shortcoming and facilitate the CAFs targeted therapies for HNSCC.Methods: In this study, we identified two CAFs gene expression patterns and performed the single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to quantify the expression and construct score system. We used multi-methods to reveal the potential mechanisms of CAFs carcinogenesis progression. Finally, we integrated 10 machine learning algorithms and 107 algorithm combinations to construct most accurate and stable risk model. The machine learning algorithms contained random survival forest (RSF), elastic network (Enet), Lasso, Ridge, stepwise Cox, CoxBoost, partial least squares regression for Cox (plsRcox), supervised principal components (SuperPC), generalised boosted regression modelling (GBM), and survival support vector machine (survival-SVM).Results: There are two clusters present with distinct CAFs genes pattern. Compared to the low CafS group, the high CafS group was associated with significant immunosuppression, poor prognosis, and increased prospect of HPV negative. Patients with high CafS also underwent the abundant enrichment of carcinogenic signaling pathways such as angiogenesis, epithelial mesenchymal transition, and coagulation. The MDK and NAMPT ligand–receptor cellular crosstalk between the cancer associated fibroblasts and other cell clusters may mechanistically cause immune escape. Moreover, the random survival forest prognostic model that was developed from 107 machine learning algorithm combinations could most accurately classify HNSCC patients.Conclusion: We revealed that CAFs would cause the activation of some carcinogenesis pathways such as angiogenesis, epithelial mesenchymal transition, and coagulation and revealed unique possibilities to target glycolysis pathways to enhance CAFs targeted therapy. We developed an unprecedentedly stable and powerful risk score for assessing the prognosis. Our study contributes to the understanding of the CAFs microenvironment complexity in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and serves as a basis for future in-depth CAFs gene clinical exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yinan Zhao
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Guolin Tan
- Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Li HX, Liu TR, Tu ZX, Xie CB, Wen WP, Sun W. Screening of Tumor Antigens and Construction of Immune Subtypes for mRNA Vaccine Development in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2022; 13:90. [PMID: 36671475 PMCID: PMC9855883 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of clinical studies have confirmed that mRNA vaccines are effective in the treatment of malignant tumors; however, their efficacy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not been determined. This study aimed to identify the potential antigens of HNSCC for mRNA vaccine development and further distinguish the immune subtypes of HNSCC to select suitable patients for vaccination. METHODS We obtained gene expression profiles and corresponding clinical information of HNSCC from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We visualized the genetic alterations of potential antitumor antigens using cBioPortal and obtained the immune gene set from Immport. The correlation between the expression of the identified antigens and the infiltration of antigen-presenting cells was visualized by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). We evaluated the potential biological functions of different samples and described the immune landscape. RESULTS Increased expression of three potential tumor antigens, CCR4, TMCO1, and SPACA4, associated with superior prognoses and infiltration of antigen-presenting cells, was identified in HNSCC. Three immune subtypes (C1-C3) with different molecular, cellular, and clinical characteristics were defined. Patients with C3 tumor had a better prognosis, representing an immune "cold" phenotype, which may be more suitable for mRNA vaccination. In addition, different immune characteristics were observed among the three immune subtypes, including markers of immune cells, mutation burden, expression of immune checkpoints, and immune modulators. Finally, the immune landscape of HNSCC showed a high degree of heterogeneity between individual patients. CONCLUSION CCR4, TMCO1, and SPACA4 may be potential antigens for developing mRNA vaccines against HNSCC, especially for patients with C3 tumor. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the development of an mRNA vaccine against HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Tian-Run Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Zhao-Xu Tu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Chu-Bo Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Wei-Ping Wen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
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12
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Bogacka J, Pawlik K, Ciapała K, Ciechanowska A, Mika J. CC Chemokine Receptor 4 (CCR4) as a Possible New Target for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415638. [PMID: 36555280 PMCID: PMC9779674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors participate in many biological processes, including the modulation of neuroimmune interactions. Approximately fifty chemokines are distinguished in humans, which are classified into four subfamilies based on the N-terminal conserved cysteine motifs: CXC, CC, C, and CX3C. Chemokines activate specific receptors localized on the surface of various immune and nervous cells. Approximately twenty chemokine receptors have been identified, and each of these receptors is a seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor. Recent studies provide new evidence that CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is important in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, asthma, dermatitis, and cancer. This review briefly characterizes CCR4 and its ligands (CCL17, CCL22, and CCL2), and their contributions to immunological and neoplastic diseases. The review notes a significant role of CCR4 in nociceptive transmission, especially in painful neuropathy, which accompanies many diseases. The pharmacological blockade of CCR4 seems beneficial because of its pain-relieving effects and its influence on opioid efficacy. The possibilities of using the CCL2/CCL17/CCL22/CCR4 axis as a target in new therapies for many diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Mika
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-12-6623-298; Fax: +48-12-6374-500
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13
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Chemokine/GPCR Signaling-Mediated EMT in Cancer Metastasis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2208176. [PMID: 36268282 PMCID: PMC9578795 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2208176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis, the chief cause of cancer-related deaths, is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In the tumor microenvironment, EMT can be triggered by chemokine/G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, which is closely associated with tumor progression. However, the functional links between chemokine/GPCR signaling-mediated EMT and metastasis remain unclear. Herein, we summarized the mechanisms of chemokine/GPCR signaling-mediated EMT with an insight into facilitating metastasis and clarified the role of chemokine in the local invasion, intravasation, circulation, extravasation, and colonization, respectively. Moreover, several potential pathways that might contribute to EMT based on the latest studies on GPCR signaling were proposed, including signaling mediated by G protein, β-arrestin, intracellular, dimerization activation, and transactivation. However, there is still limited evidence to support the EMT programme functional contribution to metastasis, which keeps a key question still open whether we should target EMT programme of cancer cells. Answers to that question might help develop an anticancer strategy or guide new directions for anticancer metastasis therapy.
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14
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Zhang H, Yang K, Chen F, Liu Q, Ni J, Cao W, Hua Y, He F, Liu Z, Li L, Fan G. Role of the CCL2-CCR2 axis in cardiovascular disease: Pathogenesis and clinical implications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:975367. [PMID: 36110847 PMCID: PMC9470149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.975367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCL2-CCR2 axis is one of the major chemokine signaling pathways that has received special attention because of its function in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. Numerous investigations have been performed over the past decades to explore the function of the CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis in cardiovascular disease. Laboratory data on the CCL2-CCR2 axis for cardiovascular disease have shown satisfactory outcomes, yet its clinical translation remains challenging. In this article, we describe the mechanisms of action of the CCL2-CCR2 axis in the development and evolution of cardiovascular diseases including heart failure, atherosclerosis and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertension and myocardial disease. Laboratory and clinical data on the use of the CCL2-CCR2 pathway as a targeted therapy for cardiovascular diseases are summarized. The potential of the CCL2-CCR2 axis in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Diabetes and Its Complications, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ke Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Chen
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Ni
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Weilong Cao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunqing Hua
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Lan Li, ; Guanwei Fan,
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
- *Correspondence: Lan Li, ; Guanwei Fan,
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15
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Zhang Y, Yang X, Liu Y, Ge L, Wang J, Sun X, Wu B, Wang J. Vav2 is a novel APP-interacting protein that regulates APP protein level. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12752. [PMID: 35882892 PMCID: PMC9325707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane protein that plays critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is also involved in many types of cancers. Increasing evidence has shown that the tyrosine phosphorylation site Y682 in the intracellular tail of APP is crucial for APP function. Here, we report that Vav2, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rho family GTPase, is a novel interaction partner of APP. We found that Vav2-SH2 domain was able to bind directly to the Y682-phosphorylated intracellular tail of APP through isothermal titration calorimetry and NMR titrating experiments. The crystal structure of Vav2-SH2 in complex with an APP-derived phosphopeptide was determined to understand the structural basis of this recognition specificity. The interaction of APP and Vav2 in a full-length manner was further confirmed in cells by GST pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining experiments. In addition, we found overexpression of Vav2 could inhibit APP degradation and markedly increase the protein levels of APP and its cleavage productions in 20E2 cells, and this function of Vav2 required a functional SH2 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaxin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Brain Research Institute, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongrui Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Ge
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiarong Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiulian Sun
- Brain Research Institute, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Bo Wu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Junfeng Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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