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Wang SW, Zheng QY, Hong WF, Tang BF, Hsu SJ, Zhang Y, Zheng XB, Zeng ZC, Gao C, Ke AW, Du SS. Mechanism of immune activation mediated by genomic instability and its implication in radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Radiother Oncol 2024; 199:110424. [PMID: 38997092 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Various genetic and epigenetic changes associated with genomic instability (GI), including DNA damage repair defects, chromosomal instability, and mitochondrial GI, contribute to development and progression of cancer. These alterations not only result in DNA leakage into the cytoplasm, either directly or through micronuclei, but also trigger downstream inflammatory signals, such as the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. Apart from directly inducing DNA damage to eliminate cancer cells, radiotherapy (RT) exerts its antitumor effects through intracellular DNA damage sensing mechanisms, leading to the activation of downstream inflammatory signaling pathways. This not only enables local tumor control but also reshapes the immune microenvironment, triggering systemic immune responses. The combination of RT and immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach to increase the probability of abscopal effects, where distant tumors respond to treatment due to the systemic immunomodulatory effects. This review emphasizes the importance of GI in cancer biology and elucidates the mechanisms by which RT induces GI remodeling of the immune microenvironment. By elucidating the mechanisms of GI and RT-induced immune responses, we aim to emphasize the crucial importance of this approach in modern oncology. Understanding the impact of GI on tumor biological behavior and therapeutic response, as well as the possibility of activating systemic anti-tumor immunity through RT, will pave the way for the development of new treatment strategies and improve prognosis for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qiu-Yi Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wei-Feng Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Bu-Fu Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shu-Jung Hsu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhao-Chong Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Ai-Wu Ke
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Shi-Suo Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Manetsch P, Böhi F, Nowak K, Leslie Pedrioli DM, Hottiger MO. PARP7-mediated ADP-ribosylation of FRA1 promotes cancer cell growth by repressing IRF1- and IRF3-dependent apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309047120. [PMID: 38011562 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309047120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PARP7 was reported to promote tumor growth in a cell-autonomous manner and by repressing the antitumor immune response. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of how PARP7-mediated ADP-ribosylation exerts these effects in cancer cells remains elusive. Here, we identified PARP7 as a nuclear and cysteine-specific mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase that modifies targets critical for regulating transcription, including the AP-1 transcription factor FRA1. Loss of FRA1 ADP-ribosylation via PARP7 inhibition by RBN-2397 or mutation of the ADP-ribosylation site C97 increased FRA1 degradation by the proteasome via PSMC3. The reduction in FRA1 protein levels promoted IRF1- and IRF3-dependent cytokine as well as proapoptotic gene expression, culminating in CASP8-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, high PARP7 expression was indicative of the PARP7 inhibitor response in FRA1-positive lung and breast cancer cells. Collectively, our findings highlight the connected roles of PARP7 and FRA1 and emphasize the clinical potential of PARP7 inhibitors for FRA1-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Manetsch
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flurina Böhi
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Nowak
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Deena M Leslie Pedrioli
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Rundberg Nilsson AJ, Xian H, Shalapour S, Cammenga J, Karin M. IRF1 regulates self-renewal and stress responsiveness to support hematopoietic stem cell maintenance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg5391. [PMID: 37889967 PMCID: PMC10610924 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg5391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are tightly controlled to maintain a balance between blood cell production and self-renewal. While inflammation-related signaling is a critical regulator of HSC activity, the underlying mechanisms and the precise functions of specific factors under steady-state and stress conditions remain incompletely understood. We investigated the role of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), a transcription factor that is affected by multiple inflammatory stimuli, in HSC regulation. Our findings demonstrate that the loss of IRF1 from mouse HSCs significantly impairs self-renewal, increases stress-induced proliferation, and confers resistance to apoptosis. In addition, given the frequent abnormal expression of IRF1 in leukemia, we explored the potential of IRF1 expression level as a stratification marker for human acute myeloid leukemia. We show that IRF1-based stratification identifies distinct cancer-related signatures in patient subgroups. These findings establish IRF1 as a pivotal HSC controller and provide previously unknown insights into HSC regulation, with potential implications to IRF1 functions in the context of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J. S. Rundberg Nilsson
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hongxu Xian
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shabnam Shalapour
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jörg Cammenga
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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4
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Burkart SS, Schweinoch D, Frankish J, Sparn C, Wüst S, Urban C, Merlo M, Magalhães VG, Piras A, Pichlmair A, Willemsen J, Kaderali L, Binder M. High-resolution kinetic characterization of the RIG-I-signaling pathway and the antiviral response. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302059. [PMID: 37558422 PMCID: PMC10412806 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RIG-I recognizes viral dsRNA and activates a cell-autonomous antiviral response. Upon stimulation, it triggers a signaling cascade leading to the production of type I and III IFNs. IFNs are secreted and signal to elicit the expression of IFN-stimulated genes, establishing an antiviral state of the cell. The topology of this pathway has been studied intensively, however, its exact dynamics are less understood. Here, we employed electroporation to synchronously activate RIG-I, enabling us to characterize cell-intrinsic innate immune signaling at a high temporal resolution. Employing IFNAR1/IFNLR-deficient cells, we could differentiate primary RIG-I signaling from secondary signaling downstream of the IFN receptors. Based on these data, we developed a comprehensive mathematical model capable of simulating signaling downstream of dsRNA recognition by RIG-I and the feedback and signal amplification by IFN. We further investigated the impact of viral antagonists on signaling dynamics. Our work provides a comprehensive insight into the signaling events that occur early upon virus infection and opens new avenues to study and disentangle the complexity of the host-virus interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy S Burkart
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Darius Schweinoch
- Institute of Bioinformatics & Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jamie Frankish
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carola Sparn
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Wüst
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Urban
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Virology, Munich, Germany
| | - Marta Merlo
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir G Magalhães
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonio Piras
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Virology, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Pichlmair
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Virology, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Joschka Willemsen
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Kaderali
- Institute of Bioinformatics & Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marco Binder
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Zhao JY, Yuan XK, Luo RZ, Wang LX, Gu W, Yamane D, Feng H. Phospholipase A and acyltransferase 4/retinoic acid receptor responder 3 at the intersection of tumor suppression and pathogen restriction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107239. [PMID: 37063830 PMCID: PMC10102619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A and acyltransferase (PLAAT) 4 is a class II tumor suppressor with phospholipid metabolizing abilities. It was characterized in late 2000s, and has since been referred to as ‘tazarotene-induced gene 3’ (TIG3) or ‘retinoic acid receptor responder 3’ (RARRES3) as a key downstream effector of retinoic acid signaling. Two decades of research have revealed the complexity of its function and regulatory roles in suppressing tumorigenesis. However, more recent findings have also identified PLAAT4 as a key anti-microbial effector enzyme acting downstream of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) and interferons (IFNs), favoring protection from virus and parasite infections. Unveiling the molecular mechanisms underlying its action may thus open new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of both cancer and infectious diseases. Herein, we aim to summarize a brief history of PLAAT4 discovery, its transcriptional regulation, and the potential mechanisms in tumor prevention and anti-pathogen defense, and discuss potential future directions of PLAAT4 research toward the development of therapeutic approaches targeting this enzyme with pleiotropic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Zhao
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Xiang-Kun Yuan
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Rui-Zhen Luo
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Gu
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daisuke Yamane
- Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hui Feng, ; Daisuke Yamane,
| | - Hui Feng
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Feng, ; Daisuke Yamane,
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6
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Jiang Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Chen J, Guo Z, Liu Y, Hua H. Exploiting RIG-I-like receptor pathway for cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:8. [PMID: 36755342 PMCID: PMC9906624 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are intracellular pattern recognition receptors that detect viral or bacterial infection and induce host innate immune responses. The RLRs family comprises retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I), melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2) that have distinctive features. These receptors not only recognize RNA intermediates from viruses and bacteria, but also interact with endogenous RNA such as the mislocalized mitochondrial RNA, the aberrantly reactivated repetitive or transposable elements in the human genome. Evasion of RLRs-mediated immune response may lead to sustained infection, defective host immunity and carcinogenesis. Therapeutic targeting RLRs may not only provoke anti-infection effects, but also induce anticancer immunity or sensitize "immune-cold" tumors to immune checkpoint blockade. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of RLRs signaling and discuss the rationale for therapeutic targeting RLRs in cancer. We describe how RLRs can be activated by synthetic RNA, oncolytic viruses, viral mimicry and radio-chemotherapy, and how the RNA agonists of RLRs can be systemically delivered in vivo. The integration of RLRs agonism with RNA interference or CAR-T cells provides new dimensions that complement cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, we update the progress of recent clinical trials for cancer therapy involving RLRs activation and immune modulation. Further studies of the mechanisms underlying RLRs signaling will shed new light on the development of cancer therapeutics. Manipulation of RLRs signaling represents an opportunity for clinically relevant cancer therapy. Addressing the challenges in this field will help develop future generations of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfu Jiang
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jinzhu Chen
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zeyu Guo
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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7
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Liu J, Ji Q, Cheng F, Chen D, Geng T, Huang Y, Zhang J, He Y, Song T. The lncRNAs involved in regulating the RIG-I signaling pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1041682. [PMID: 36439216 PMCID: PMC9682092 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1041682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the targets and interactions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) related to the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) signaling pathway is essential for developing interventions, which would enable directing the host inflammatory response regulation toward protective immunity. In the RIG-I signaling pathway, lncRNAs are involved in the important processes of ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and glycolysis, thus promoting the transport of the interferon regulatory factors 3 and 7 (IRF3 and IRF7) and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) into the nucleus, and activating recruitment of type I interferons (IFN-I) and inflammatory factors to the antiviral action site. In addition, the RIG-I signaling pathway has recently been reported to contain the targets of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)-related lncRNAs. The molecules in the RIG-I signaling pathway are directly regulated by the lncRNA-microRNAs (miRNAs)-messenger RNA (mRNA) axis. Therefore, targeting this axis has become a novel strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In this paper, the studies on the regulation of the RIG-I signaling pathway by lncRNAs during viral infections and cancer are comprehensively analyzed. The aim is to provide a solid foundation of information for conducting further detailed studies on lncRNAs and RIG-I in the future and also contribute to clinical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qinglu Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dengwang Chen
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tingting Geng
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yueyue Huang
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuqi He
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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