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Luo X, Shi J, Wang S, Jin X. The role of circular RNA targeting IGF2BPs in cancer-a potential target for cancer therapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00109-024-02488-8. [PMID: 39287635 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an interesting class of conserved single-stranded RNA molecules derived from exon or intron sequences produced by the reverse splicing of precursor mRNA. CircRNAs play important roles as microRNA sponges, gene splicing and transcriptional regulators, RNA-binding protein sponges, and protein/peptide translation factors. Abnormal functions of circRNAs and RBPs in tumor progression have been widely reported. Insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs) are a highly conserved family of RBPs identified in humans that function as post-transcriptional fine-tuners of target transcripts. Emerging evidence suggests that IGF2BPs regulate the processing and metabolism of RNA, including its stability, translation, and localization, and participate in a variety of cellular functions and pathophysiology. In this review, we have summarized the roles and molecular mechanisms of circRNAs and IGF2BPs in cancer development and progression. In addition, we briefly introduce the role of other RNAs and IGF2BPs in cancer, discuss the current clinical applications and challenges faced by circRNAs and IGF2BPs, and propose future directions for this promising research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiaxin Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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2
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Xu P, Zhao Y, Feng Y, Zhao M, Zhao R. Deoxynivalenol induces m 6A-mediated upregulation of p21 and growth arrest of mouse hippocampal neuron cells in vitro. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:41. [PMID: 38833095 PMCID: PMC11150311 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Hippocampal neurons maintain the ability of proliferation throughout life to support neurogenesis. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin that exhibits brain toxicity, yet whether and how DON affects hippocampal neurogenesis remains unknown. Here, we use mouse hippocampal neuron cells (HT-22) as a model to illustrate the effects of DON on neuron proliferation and to explore underlying mechanisms. DON exposure significantly inhibits the proliferation of HT-22 cells, which is associated with an up-regulation of cell cycle inhibitor p21 at both mRNA and protein levels. Global and site-specific m6A methylation levels on the 3'UTR of p21 mRNA are significantly increased in response to DON treatment, whereas inhibition of m6A hypermethylation significantly alleviates DON-induced cell cycle arrest. Further mechanistic studies indicate that the m6A readers YTHDF1 and IGF2BP1 are responsible for m6A-mediated increase in p21 mRNA stability. Meanwhile, 3'UTR of E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 mRNA is also m6A hypermethylated, and another m6A reader YTHDF2 binds to the m6A sites, leading to decreased TRIM21 mRNA stability. Consequently, TRIM21 suppression impairs ubiquitin-mediated p21 protein degradation. Taken together, m6A-mediated upregulation of p21, at both post-transcriptional and post-translational levels, contributes to DON-induced inhibition of hippocampal neuron proliferation. These results may provide new insights for epigenetic therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peirong Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulan Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Feng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mindie Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Ruan S, Wang H, Zhang Z, Yan Q, Chen Y, Cui J, Huang S, Zhou Q, Zhang C, Hou B. Identification and validation of stemness-based and ferroptosis-related molecular clusters in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Transl Oncol 2024; 41:101877. [PMID: 38262107 PMCID: PMC10832490 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy with an extremely poor prognosis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be responsible for the poor survival, recurrence and therapy resistance of PDAC. Ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the sustain and survival of CSCs. Here, we employed a rigorous evaluation of multiple datasets to identify a novel stemness-based and ferroptosis-related genes (SFRGs) signature to access the potential prognostic application. This work we retrieved RNA-sequencing and clinical annotation data from the TCGA, ICGC, GTEx and GEO database, and acquired 26 stem cell gene sets and 259 ferroptosis genes from StemChecker database and FerrDb database, respectively. Based on consensus clustering and ssGSEA analysis, we identified two expression patterns of CSCs traits (C1 and C2). Then, WGCNA analysis was implemented to screen out hub module genes correlated with stemness. Furthermore, differential expression analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and the Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox regression were performed to identify the SFRGs and to construct model. In addition, the differences in prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME) components and therapy responses were evaluated between two risk groups. Finally, we verified the most influential marker ARNTL2 experimentally by western blot, qRT-PCR, sphere formation assay, mitoscreen assay, intracellular iron concentration determination and MDA determination assays. In conclusion, we developed a stemness-based and ferroptosis-related prognostic model, which could help predict overall survival for PDAC patients. Targeting ferroptosis may be a promising therapeutic strategy to inhibit PDAC progression by suppressing CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiye Ruan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hailiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Weihai 264400, China
| | - Zhongyan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qian Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; School of Medicine South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 51000, China
| | - Yubin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; School of Medicine South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 51000, China
| | - Jinwei Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; School of Medicine South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 51000, China
| | - Shanzhou Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of General Surgery, Hui Ya Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516081, China.
| | - Chuanzhao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Baohua Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; School of Medicine South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 51000, China; Heyuan People's Hospital, Heyuan 517000, China.
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Yu L, Huang J. Deoxyribonuclease 1-like 3 inhibits colorectal malignancy through antagonizing NEDD4-triggered CDKN1A ubiquitination. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:325-333. [PMID: 38108119 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Deoxyribonuclease 1-like 3 (DNASE1L3) has been shown to play nonnegligible roles in several types of carcinomas. Nevertheless, the biological function, clinical relevance, and influence of DNASE1L3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain obscure. Immunohistochemistry was adopted to examine DNASE1L3 and CDKN1A expression in CRC tissue, and the clinical significance of DNASE1L3 was assessed. Cell counting kit-8, colony formation, and transwell assays were employed for assessing tumor proliferation and migration. The mechanisms underlying the impact of DNASE1L3 were explored via western blot analysis, co-immunoprecipitation, and ubiquitination assay. It was observed that DNASE1L3 was downregulated in CRC tissues and was tightly associated with patient prognosis. DNASE1L3 impaired CRC cell proliferation and migration through elevating CDKN1A via suppressing CDKN1A ubiquitination. Meanwhile, DNASE1L3 was positively related to CDKN1A. In mechanism, DNASE1L3 and CDKN1A interacted with the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4. Moreover, DNASE1L3 was competitively bound to NEDD4, thus repressing NEDD4-mediated CDKN1A ubiquitination and degradation. These discoveries implied the potential mechanisms of DNASE1L3 during tumorigenesis, suggesting that DNASE1L3 may serve as a new potential therapeutic agent for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Chang HR. RNF126, 168 and CUL1: The Potential Utilization of Multi-Functional E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Genome Maintenance for Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2527. [PMID: 37760968 PMCID: PMC10526535 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification (PTM) that is involved in proteolysis, protein-protein interaction, and signal transduction. Accumulation of mutations and genomic instability are characteristic of cancer cells, and dysfunction of the ubiquitin pathway can contribute to abnormal cell physiology. Because mutations can be critical for cells, DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis are pathways that are in close communication to maintain genomic integrity. Uncontrolled cell proliferation due to abnormal processes is a hallmark of cancer, and mutations, changes in expression levels, and other alterations of ubiquitination factors are often involved. Here, three E3 ubiquitin ligases will be reviewed in detail. RNF126, RNF168 and CUL1 are involved in DNA damage response (DDR), DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, cell cycle regulation, and ultimately, cancer cell proliferation control. Their involvement in multiple cellular pathways makes them an attractive candidate for cancer-targeting therapy. Functional studies of these E3 ligases have increased over the years, and their significance in cancer is well reported. There are continuous efforts to develop drugs targeting the ubiquitin pathway for anticancer therapy, which opens up the possibility for these E3 ligases to be evaluated for their potential as a target protein for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Ryung Chang
- Department of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
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Yang F, Ma Q, Huang B, Wang X, Pan X, Yu T, Ran L, Jiang S, Li H, Chen Y, Liu Y, Liang C, Ren J, Zhang Y, Wang S, Li W, Xiao B. CircNFATC3 promotes the proliferation of gastric cancer through binding to IGF2BP3 and restricting its ubiquitination to enhance CCND1 mRNA stability. J Transl Med 2023; 21:402. [PMID: 37340423 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin like growth factor II mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) is an RNA binding protein with multiple roles in regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and is implicated in tumorigenesis and progression of numerous cancers including gastric cancer (GC). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a diverse endogenous noncoding RNA population that have important regulatory roles in cancer. However, circRNAs that regulate the expression of IGF2BP3 in GC is largely unknown. METHODS CircRNAs that bound to IGF2BP3 were screened in GC cells using RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing (RIP-seq). The identification and localization of circular nuclear factor of activated T cells 3 (circNFATC3) were identified using Sanger sequencing, RNase R assays, qRT-PCR, nuclear-cytoplasmic fractionation and RNA-FISH assays. CircNFATC3 expression in human GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were measured by qRT-PCR and ISH. The biological role of circNFATC3 in GC was confirmed by in vivo and in vitro experiments. Furthermore, RIP, RNA-FISH/IF, IP and rescue experiments were performed to uncover interactions between circNFATC3, IGF2BP3 and cyclin D1 (CCND1). RESULTS We identified a GC-associated circRNA, circNFATC3, that interacted with IGF2BP3. CircNFATC3 was significantly overexpressed in GC tissues and was positively associated with tumor volume. Functionally, the proliferation of GC cells decreased significantly after circNFATC3 knockdown in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, circNFATC3 bound to IGF2BP3 in the cytoplasm, which enhanced the stability of IGF2BP3 by preventing ubiquitin E3 ligase TRIM25-mediated ubiquitination, thereby enhancing the regulatory axis of IGF2BP3-CCND1 and promoting CCND1 mRNA stability. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that circNFATC3 promotes GC proliferation by stabilizing IGF2BP3 protein to enhance CCND1 mRNA stability. Therefore, circNFATC3 is a potential novel target for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 89th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Weifang, 261000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Ran
- Department of Kidney, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ce Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwu Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shimin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Yuan B, Shi K, Zha J, Cai Y, Gu Y, Huang K, Yue W, Zhai Q, Ding N, Ren W, He W, Xu Y, Wang T. Nuclear receptor modulators inhibit osteosarcoma cell proliferation and tumour growth by regulating the mTOR signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:51. [PMID: 36681687 PMCID: PMC9867777 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents. Chemoresistance leads to poor responses to conventional therapy in patients with osteosarcoma. The discovery of novel effective therapeutic targets and drugs is still the main focus of osteosarcoma research. Nuclear receptors (NRs) have shown substantial promise as novel therapeutic targets for various cancers. In the present study, we performed a drug screen using 29 chemicals that specifically target 17 NRs in several different human osteosarcoma and osteoblast cell lines. The retinoic acid receptor beta (RARb) antagonist LE135, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARg) antagonist T0070907, liver X receptor (LXR) agonist T0901317 and Rev-Erba agonist SR9011 significantly inhibited the proliferation of malignant osteosarcoma cells (U2OS, HOS-MNNG and Saos-2 cells) but did not inhibit the growth of normal osteoblasts. The effects of these NR modulators on osteosarcoma cells occurred in a dose-dependent manner and were not observed in NR-knockout osteosarcoma cells. These NR modulators also significantly inhibited osteosarcoma growth in vivo and enhanced the antitumour effect of doxorubicin (DOX). Transcriptomic and immunoblotting results showed that these NR modulators may inhibit the growth of osteosarcoma cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK/mTOR pathways. DDIT4, which blocks mTOR activation, was identified as one of the common downstream target genes of these NRs. DDIT4 knockout significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of these NR modulators on osteosarcoma cell growth. Together, our results revealed that modulators of RARb, PPARg, LXRs and Rev-Erba inhibit osteosarcoma growth both in vitro and in vivo through the mTOR signaling pathway, suggesting that treatment with these NR modulators is a novel potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshi Yuan
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Kexin Shi
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Juanmin Zha
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Yujia Cai
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Wenchang Yue
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Qiaocheng Zhai
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Wenyan Ren
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Weiqi He
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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