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Gholami A. Cancer stem cell-derived exosomes in CD8 + T cell exhaustion. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112509. [PMID: 38889509 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are one of the most important ways of intercellular communication and signaling. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) secrete EVs to modulate immune checkpoint molecules and evade immune surveillance. Activated CD8+ T cells known as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are the most powerful anti-cancer adaptive cells. Their activity is compromised upon encountering cells and signaling within the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in hyporesponsiveness called exhaustion. CSC-derived exosomes express programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and upregulate programmed death-1 (PD-1) on CD8+ T cells to promote their exhaustion. PD-L1 expression on tumor-derived exosomes appears to be induced by CSC-derived exosomes containing transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Tenascin-C is another constituent of CSC exosomes that acts on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in T cells. Glycolysis is a metabolic event promoted by the inducing effect of CSC-derived exosomes on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). CSC interaction with CD8+ T cells is even more complex as the CSC-derived exosomes contain Notch1 to stimulate stemness in non-tumor cells, and the inducible effect of Notch1 on PD-1 promotes CD8+ T cell exhaustion. CSC exosome targeting has not been extensively studied yet. Advances in the field will open up new therapeutic windows and shape the future of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Gholami
- Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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2
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Tsai YC, Kuo TN, Lin RC, Tsai HL, Chao YY, Lee PR, Su PJ, Wang CY. MicroRNA‑155‑5p inhibits trophoblast cell proliferation and invasion by disrupting centrosomal function. Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:85. [PMID: 38551159 PMCID: PMC10995658 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recurrent miscarriage is used to refer to more than three pregnancy failures before 20 weeks of gestation. Defective trophoblast cell growth and invasion are frequently observed in recurrent miscarriage. Several microRNAs (miRs), including miR‑155‑5p, are aberrantly upregulated in recurrent miscarriage; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The centrosome orchestrates microtubule networks and coordinates cell cycle progression. In addition, it is a base for primary cilia, which are antenna‑like organelles that coordinate signaling during development and growth. Thus, deficiencies in centrosomal functions can lead to several disease, such as breast cancer and microcephaly. In the present study, the signaling cascades were analyzed by western blotting, and the centrosome and primary cilia were observed and analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that overexpression of miR‑155‑5p induced centrosome amplification and blocked primary cilia formation in trophoblast cells. Notably, centrosome amplification inhibited trophoblast cell growth by upregulating apoptotic cleaved‑caspase 3 and cleaved‑poly (ADP‑ribose) polymerase in miR‑155‑5p‑overexpressing trophoblast cells. In addition, overexpression of miR‑155‑5p inhibited primary cilia formation, thereby inhibiting epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and trophoblast cell invasion. All phenotypes could be rescued when cells were co‑transfected with the miR‑155‑5p inhibitor, thus supporting the role of miR‑155‑5p in centrosomal functions. It was also found that miR‑155‑5p activated autophagy, whereas disruption of autophagy via the depletion of autophagy‑related 16‑like 1 alleviated miR‑155‑5p‑induced apoptosis and restored trophoblast cell invasion. In conclusion, the present study indicated a novel role of miR‑55‑5p in mediating centrosomal function in recurrent miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Sport Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tian-Ni Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ruei-Ci Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hui-Ling Tsai
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ying Chao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Rong Lee
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ping-Jui Su
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Yih Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
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3
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Bai L, Yang P, Han B, Kong L. Progress of the acyl-Coenzyme A thioester hydrolase family in cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1374094. [PMID: 38562172 PMCID: PMC10982514 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1374094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the acyl-Coenzyme A thioester hydrolase family (ACOTs) has received wide attention as a key link in lipid metabolism. This family is a class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of fatty acyl-Coenzyme A, disrupting the thioester bond present within acyl-CoA ester molecules to produce free fatty acids (FFA) and the corresponding coenzyme A (CoA). Such enzymes play a very important role in lipid metabolism through maintaining appropriate levels of intracellular FFA and fatty acyl-CoA as well as CoA. It is broadly divided into two distinct subgroups, the type-I α/β-hydrolase fold enzyme superfamily and the type-II 'hot dog' fold superfamily. There are currently four human type-I genes and eight human type-II genes. Although the two subgroups catalyze the same reaction, they are not structurally similar, do not share the same sequence homology, and differ greatly in protein executive functions. This review summarizes the classification of the acyl-CoA thioester hydrolase family, an overview of the structural sequences, and advances in digestive, respiratory, and urinary systemic tumors. In order to explore potential specific drug targets and effective interventions, to provide new strategies for tumor prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Bai
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Pengjie Yang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bater Han
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Linghui Kong
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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Fattahi M, Maghsudlu M, Razipour M, Movahedpour A, Ghadami M, Alizadeh M, Khatami SH, Taheri-Anganeh M, Ghasemi E, Ghasemi H, Aiiashi S, Ghadami E. MicroRNA biosensors for detection of glioblastoma. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 556:117829. [PMID: 38355000 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of malignant brain tumor.The discovery of microRNAs and their unique properties have made them suitable tools as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of therapeutic response using different types of nanomaterials as sensitive and specific biosensors. In this review, we discuss microRNA-based electrochemical biosensing systems and the use of nanoparticles in the evolving development of microRNA-based biosensors in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Fattahi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Mohadese Maghsudlu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Razipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Ghadami
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | | | - Saleh Aiiashi
- Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
| | - Elham Ghadami
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Dos Santos BL, Dos Santos CC, da Silva KC, Nonaka CKV, Souza BSDF, David JM, de Oliveira JVR, Costa MDFD, Butt AM, da Silva VDA, Costa SL. The Phytochemical Agathisflavone Modulates miR146a and miR155 in Activated Microglia Involving STAT3 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2547. [PMID: 38473794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) act as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in glial cells and have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated the effects of agathisflavone, a biflavonoid purified from the leaves of Cenostigma pyramidale (Tul.), on modulating the expression of miRs and inflammatory mediators in activated microglia. C20 human microglia were exposed to oligomers of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ, 500 nM) for 4 h or to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 µg/mL) for 24 h and then treated or not with agathisflavone (1 µM) for 24 h. We observed that β-amyloid and LPS activated microglia to an inflammatory state, with increased expression of miR-146a, miR-155, IL1-β, IL-6, and NOS2. Treatment with agathisflavone resulted in a significant reduction in miR146a and miR-155 induced by LPS or Aβ, as well as inflammatory cytokines IL1-β, IL-6, and NOS2. In cells stimulated with Aβ, there was an increase in p-STAT3 expression that was reduced by agathisflavone treatment. These data identify a role for miRs in the anti-inflammatory effect of agathisflavone on microglia in models of neuroinflammation and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balbino Lino Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
- College of Nursing, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N, Petrolina 56304-917, PE, Brazil
| | - Cleonice Creusa Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Karina Costa da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Carolina Kymie Vasques Nonaka
- Center of Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, D'Or Institute for Research and Teaching (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, BA, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center of Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, D'Or Institute for Research and Teaching (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, BA, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil
| | - Jorge Mauricio David
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Juciele Valéria Ribeiro de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Dias Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
- National Institute of Translational Neuroscience (INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arthur Morgan Butt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
- National Institute of Translational Neuroscience (INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N Vale do Canela, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
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Yang S, Sun Y, Liu W, Zhang Y, Sun G, Xiang B, Yang J. Exosomes in Glioma: Unraveling Their Roles in Progression, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:823. [PMID: 38398214 PMCID: PMC10887132 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumors, present a challenging prognosis even after undergoing surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, play a pivotal role in glioma progression and contribute to resistance against chemotherapy and radiotherapy by facilitating the transportation of biological molecules and promoting intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, exosomes exhibit the remarkable ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier, positioning them as potent carriers for therapeutic delivery. These attributes hold promise for enhancing glioma diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in exosome research within the realm of tumors. In this article, we primarily focus on elucidating the role of exosomes in glioma development, highlighting the latest breakthroughs in therapeutic and diagnostic approaches, and outlining prospective directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Yumeng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Guozhu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Bai Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jiankai Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
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7
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Zhang N, Wu P, Mu M, Niu C, Hu S. Exosomal circZNF800 Derived from Glioma Stem-like Cells Regulates Glioblastoma Tumorigenicity via the PIEZO1/Akt Axis. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04002-0. [PMID: 38324181 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes play a crucial role in regulating crosstalk between tumor and tumor stem-like cells through their cargo molecules. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been demonstrated to be critical factors in tumorigenesis. This study focuses on the molecular mechanism by which circRNAs from glioma stem-like cell (GSLC) exosomes regulate glioblastoma (GBM) tumorigenicity. In this study, we validated that GSLC exosomes accelerated the malignant phenotype of GBM. Subsequently, we found that circZNF800 was highly expressed in GSLC exosomes and was negatively associated with GBM patients. CircZNF800 promoted GBM cell proliferation and migration and inhibited GBM cell apoptosis in vitro. Silencing circZNF800 could improve the GBM xenograft model survival rate. Mechanistic studies revealed that circZNF800 activated the PIEZO1/Akt signaling pathway by sponging miR-139-5p. CircZNF800 derived from GSLC exosomes promoted GBM cell tumorigenicity and predicted poor prognosis in GBM patients. CircZNF800 has the potential to serve as a promising target for further therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Maolin Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoshi Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Provincial Stereotactic Neurosurgical Institute, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgical Disease, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shanshan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Provincial Stereotactic Neurosurgical Institute, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgical Disease, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Marangon D, Lecca D. Exosomal non-coding RNAs in glioma progression: insights into tumor microenvironment dynamics and therapeutic implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1275755. [PMID: 38020906 PMCID: PMC10646304 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1275755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common and deadly types of brain tumors, known for their extensive genetic and epigenetic variability, which poses considerable challenges for pharmacological treatment. Glioma heterogeneity is also related to their intricate and dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME), which comprises a diverse array of cell types, including immune cells, vascular cells, glial cells, and neural precursors, collectively influencing tumor behavior and progression. A pivotal aspect of this intercellular communication relies on the exchange of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain and transfer complex molecular cargoes typical of their cells of origin, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, metabolites, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), that encompass microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Glioma cells actively release EVs loaded with specific ncRNAs that can target genes and other ncRNAs in recipient cells residing within the TME. Among these recipient cells, prominent players include tumor-associated macrophages and microglia (TAMs), non-neoplastic astrocytes and endothelial cells. The intricate interplay between EVs derived from glioma cells and these recipient cells significantly contributes to the establishment of a tumor-permissive microenvironment, promoting tumor cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and invasion, by targeting various downstream pathways. This review critically examines the current understanding of the intricate interplay between glioma, exosomal ncRNAs, and various components of the glioma TME. By shedding light on the roles of ncRNAs in mediating intercellular communication, this review underscores their significance in orchestrating TME transformation and highlights their potential as novel therapeutic targets for effectively tackling glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Marangon
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Wang J, Liu Y, Liu F, Gan S, Roy S, Hasan I, Zhang B, Guo B. Emerging extracellular vesicle-based carriers for glioblastoma diagnosis and therapy. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37337814 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01667f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) treatment is still a big clinical challenge because of its highly malignant, invasive, and lethal characteristics. After treatment with the conventional therapeutic paradigm of surgery combined with radio- and chemotherapy, patients bearing GBMs generally exhibit a poor prognosis, with high mortality and a high disability rate. The main reason is the existence of the formidable blood-brain barrier (BBB), aggressive growth, and the infiltration nature of GBMs. Especially, the BBB suppresses the delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents to lesion sites, and thus this leads to difficulties in achieving a timely diagnosis and treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) exhibit favorable merits including good biocompatibility, a strong drug loading capacity, long circulation time, good BBB crossing efficiency, specific targeting to lesion sites, and high efficiency in the delivery of a variety of cargos for GBM therapy. Importantly, EVs inherit physiological and pathological molecules from the source cells, which are ideal biomarkers for molecularly tracking the malignant progression of GBMs. Herein, we start by introducing the pathophysiology and physiology of GBMs, followed by presenting the biological functions of EVs in GBMs with a special focus on their role as biomarkers for GBM diagnosis and as messengers in the modulation of the GBM microenvironment. Furthermore, we provide an update on the recent progress of using EVs in biology, functionality, and isolation applications. More importantly, we systematically summarize the most recent advances of EV-based carriers for GBM therapy by delivering different drugs including gene/RNA-based drugs, chemotherapy drugs, imaging agents, and combinatory drugs. Lastly, we point out the challenges and prospects of future research on EVs for diagnosing and treating GBMs. We hope this review will stimulate interest from researchers with different backgrounds and expedite the progress of GBM treatment paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fengbo Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shaoyan Gan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shubham Roy
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ikram Hasan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Baozhu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Bing Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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10
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Xiong Q, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhu Q. Small Non-Coding RNAs in Human Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13112072. [PMID: 36360311 PMCID: PMC9690286 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs are widespread in the biological world and have been extensively explored over the past decades. Their fundamental roles in human health and disease are increasingly appreciated. Furthermore, a growing number of studies have investigated the functions of small non-coding RNAs in cancer initiation and progression. In this review, we provide an overview of the biogenesis of small non-coding RNAs with a focus on microRNAs, PIWI-interacting RNAs, and a new class of tRNA-derived small RNAs. We discuss their biological functions in human cancer and highlight their clinical application as molecular biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunli Xiong
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junjun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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