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Li H, Niu L, Wang J, Chang Q, Zhang S, Wang J, Zeng J, Gao M, Ge J. Strategy against super-resistant bacteria: Curdlan-induced trained immunity combined with multi-epitope subunit vaccine. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135663. [PMID: 39284466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is rapidly spreading worldwide, emerging as a leading cause of bacterial infections in healthcare and community settings. This poses serious risks to human health. The shortage of novel antibiotics and the absence of effective vaccines make MRSA particularly challenging to treat. Existing vaccine development strategies often fail to provide early protection against infections, highlighting the urgent need for solutions. Herein, we propose a novel strategy combining trained immunity with a multi-epitope subunit vaccine to combat MRSA infections. We comprehensively evaluated the trained immune phenotypes induced by β-glucan from barley and curdlan. Macrophages trained with curdlan exhibited a more balanced inflammatory response compared to β-glucan from barley, expressing higher levels of IL-1β, IFN-β, TGF-β, and CCL2 upon secondary stimulation. Furthermore, curdlan-induced trained immunity rapidly provided excellent protection against S. aureus infection in mice. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that curdlan modulates the Wnt signaling pathway in macrophages, resolves inflammation, and promotes tissue repair. When combined with one or two doses of S. aureus multivalent epitope antigen against MRSA infection, curdlan-induced trained immunity enhanced early protection and promoted recovery. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of combining trained immunity with vaccine protection against MRSA, providing a strategy against multi-drug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lingdi Niu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qingru Chang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuhe Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiankai Zeng
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mingchun Gao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Junwei Ge
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Fang L, Cheng Y, Fang D, Feng Z, Wang Y, Yu Y, Zhao J, Huang D, Zhai X, Liu C, Du J. CL429 enhances the renewal of intestinal stem cells by upregulating TLR2-YAP1. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112614. [PMID: 38972212 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) play a crucial role in maintaining the equilibrium and regenerative potential of intestinal tissue, thereby ensuring tissue homeostasis and promoting effective tissue regeneration following injury. It has been proven that targeting Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can help prevent radiation-induced damage to the intestine. In this study, we established an intestinal injury model using IR and evaluated the effects of CL429 on ISC regeneration both in vivo and in vitro. Following radiation exposure, mice treated with CL429 showed a significant increase in survival rates (100% survival in the treated group compared to 54.54% in the control group). CL429 also showed remarkable efficacy in inhibiting radiation-induced intestinal damage and promoting ISC proliferation and regeneration. In addition, CL429 protected intestinal organoids against IR-induced injury. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing and Western blot analysis revealed the activation of the Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways by CL429. Specifically, we observed a significant upregulation of YAP1, a key transcription factor in the Hippo pathway, upon CL429 stimulation. Furthermore, knockdown of YAP1 significantly attenuated the radioprotective effect of CL429 on intestinal organoids, indicating that CL429-mediated intestinal radioprotection is dependent on YAP1. In addition, we investigated the relationship between TLR2 and YAP1 using TLR2 knockout mice, and our results showed that TLR2 knockout abolished the activation of CL429 on YAP1. Taken together, our study provides evidence supporting the role of CL429 in promoting ISC regeneration through activation of TLR2-YAP1. And further investigation of the interaction between TLRs and other signaling pathways may enhance our understanding of ISC regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Fang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Duo Fang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhenlan Feng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yuedong Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yike Yu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianpeng Zhao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Daqian Huang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xuanlu Zhai
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jicong Du
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China.
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Kalla J, Pfneissl J, Mair T, Tran L, Egger G. A systematic review on the culture methods and applications of 3D tumoroids for cancer research and personalized medicine. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00960-8. [PMID: 38806997 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, and thus treatment responses vary greatly between patients. To improve therapy efficacy and outcome for cancer patients, more representative and patient-specific preclinical models are needed. Organoids and tumoroids are 3D cell culture models that typically retain the genetic and epigenetic characteristics, as well as the morphology, of their tissue of origin. Thus, they can be used to understand the underlying mechanisms of cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis in a more physiological setting. Additionally, co-culture methods of tumoroids and cancer-associated cells can help to understand the interplay between a tumor and its tumor microenvironment. In recent years, tumoroids have already helped to refine treatments and to identify new targets for cancer therapy. Advanced culturing systems such as chip-based fluidic devices and bioprinting methods in combination with tumoroids have been used for high-throughput applications for personalized medicine. Even though organoid and tumoroid models are complex in vitro systems, validation of results in vivo is still the common practice. Here, we describe how both animal- and human-derived tumoroids have helped to identify novel vulnerabilities for cancer treatment in recent years, and how they are currently used for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kalla
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janette Pfneissl
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresia Mair
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Loan Tran
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda Egger
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Huang D, Wang Y, Zhai X, Shen Q, Zhang L, Fang D, Fang L, Zhang J, Ma Y, Chu C, Liu G, Cheng Y, Liu C, Du J, Cai J. Scleroglucan protects the intestine from irradiation-induced injury by targeting the IL-17 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111614. [PMID: 38350358 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal tissue is extremely sensitive to ionizing radiation (IR), which is easy to cause intestinal radiation sickness, and the mortality rate is very high after exposure. Recent studies have found that intestinal immune cells and intestinal stem cells (ISCs) may play a key role in IR-induced intestinal injury. METHODS C57BL6 mice matched for age, sex and weight were randomly grouped and intraperitoneal injected with PBS, Scleroglucan (125.0 mg/kg) or Anti-mouse IL-17A -InVivo (10 mg/kg), the number of mice in each group was n ≥ 3.Survival time, body weight, pathology, organoids and immune cell markers of the mice after IR (10.0 Gy) were compared, and the mechanism of action in intestinal tissues was verified by transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS Scleroglucan has significant radiation protective effects on the intestine, including improving the survival rate of irradiated mice, inhibiting the radiation damage of intestinal tissue, and promoting the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The results of RNA sequencing suggested that Scleroglucan could significantly activate the immune system and up-regulate the IL-17 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Flow cytometry showed that Scleroglucan could significantly up-regulate the number of Th17 cells and the level of IL-17A in the gut. IL-17A provides radiation protection. After intraperitoneal injection of Scleroglucan and Anti-mouse IL-17A -InVivo, mice can significantly reverse the radiation protection effect of Scleroglucan, down-regulate the molecular markers of intestinal stem cells and the associated markers of DC, Th1 and Th17 cells, and up-regulate the associated markers of Treg and Macrophage cells. CONCLUSION Scleroglucan may promote the proliferation and regeneration of ISCs by regulating the activation of intestinal immune function mediated by IL-17 signaling pathway and play a protective role in IR-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqian Huang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000 Wenzhou, China; Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuedong Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000 Wenzhou, China; Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuanlu Zhai
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000 Wenzhou, China; Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiaofeng Shen
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Liao Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000 Wenzhou, China; Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Duo Fang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lan Fang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuejun Ma
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chen Chu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guanbo Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jicong Du
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianming Cai
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000 Wenzhou, China; Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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